Light is an important component of a person’s comfortable life. And since we spend most of it at work, due attention should be paid to the light in offices. It has been scientifically proven that ill-conceived lighting negatively affects the quality of staff work. As a result, a person gets tired much faster, his ability to work decreases, labor productivity also drops - the owner incurs losses.
It is better to spend money once on developing a good lighting project, entrusting it to specialized specialists, than to sacrifice the health, and therefore the performance of employees.
The main tasks that lighting in offices should provide:
- comfort for the eyes;
- correct visual perception in the work area;
labor safety with the proper level of personnel performance.
When planning, you need to take into account the basic parameters that create a favorable light environment in the room:
- level of general and local lighting in the room;
- uniform distribution of lamp brightness;
- direction of lighting and degree of “glare” of surfaces;
- color rendering and spectrum emitted by light sources;
- pulsation lighting fixtures.
The following are subject to close study for compliance with accepted standards: workplace illumination standards, pulsation coefficient, color rendering index.
Standards
When planning lighting in the workplace in the Russian Federation, they are usually guided by SNiP 05/23/95. They also use the requirements of sanitary standards (so-called SaNPiN-s) 2.21/2.1.1.1278-03, Mosstroyevsky standards (MGSN) 2.06-99 and many other industry standards.
In addition to the “morally outdated” Russian standards, which do not take into account the introduction of modern high-power lamps, one can also be guided by European standards. Thus, the illumination of workplaces is determined by the European Union standard - EN 12464.
It is worth noting that Europeans provide more intense light in offices.
Let us present for comparison the standards adopted in the Russian Federation and international ones. As you can see, the difference is significant.
Lighting standards
The specified standards assume the presence of a sufficient degree of illumination at a certain level (0.8 -1 m from the floor), i.e. directly at the employee’s workplace (desk). In this area, it is necessary to provide illumination of at least 300-500 lux - depending on the complexity and accuracy of the work carried out in the room. This level must be maintained within a half-meter radius around the performer.
To enhance the local illumination of the worker’s desk, you can install a table lamp with a non-translucent shade that creates a directed beam. A lamp is installed to the left of the person sitting so that when writing (or typing on a computer) he does not create a shadow for himself. Also, the surface of the table should not be glossy, otherwise the glare will blind a person and his eyes will get tired faster.
For general lighting in the office, it is considered sufficient to use lamps that provide a flow of at least 120-150 lux (according to European standards - at least 200 lux). Lighting units should be mounted at the so-called sight line level. This is necessary in order not to blind the eyes of employees sitting at their desks. The protective angle should be 45-65˚.
Ripple
The pulsation coefficient (or Ra) also plays an important role in the well-being of workers. We all know that the light flow coming from light bulbs is not continuous, it pulsates at a certain frequency. And this flickering does not have the best effect on the vision and general well-being of personnel.
For office premises, where the degree of visual concentration of workers is usually high (from documents to the PC monitor and back, and all this is repeated many times during the day), this figure should not exceed 5%.
However, only pulsations with a frequency of up to 300 Hz are taken into account; anything higher is simply not perceived by the human eye, which means it has virtually no effect on his perception and well-being.
Color rendering index
Another important criterion characterizing thoughtful lighting is the color rendering index. In simple words, it shows how correctly a person perceives colors when artificial lighting. The “reference” value is the perception when operating conventional incandescent lamps (the maximum is taken as 100), and the more the color rendition of a lamp tends to this 100%, the higher its index is considered.
It is clear that in the offices of enterprises that produce a bright “picture” (printing, publishing, design, etc.) it should be as high as possible. In Russia there is even a gradation: an index of 90 is considered excellent, a range of 80-70 is very good and good, 60-40 is satisfactory and acceptable, everything below 40 is bad. For the conditions of an average office, the ideal indicator is 80.
Reflection of surfaces
Significantly affects the comfort of the employee and the reflectance of surfaces in the office space. Not only the glare of lamp shades or furniture is taken into account, but even reflected rays from the walls, ceiling, and floor.
The standard recommends the following standards for finishing materials, providing the most comfortable level of reflected rays for the eyes.
- on work surface(table) the optimal coefficient is 0.2 - 0.7;
- for walls - from 0.3 to 0.5;
- for the ceiling, an interval of 0.6 to 0.8 is recommended;
- for floors from 0.1 to 0.4.
According to international standards, gloss or discomfort index (UGRL) is graded on a scale of parameters in increments of 3: 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28. And the lower the value, the more comfortable the conditions are considered.
The optimal combination of the above parameters - for work areas different types, given in pivot table below.
Combination of parameters
It is clear that the given standards are conditional. They are not a dogma, since in each specific case a whole range of factors have a significant impact on the lighting in the premises. What matters is the number of windows, the side of the building where the office is located (northern, southern or corner part), and the height of the ceilings. The degree and duration of natural insolation in a given region must be taken into account. After all, sometimes it is necessary to provide powerful (and at the same time economical) lighting even during the daytime.
Yes, and offices are different. The specifics of the work also vary. For example, it is important to select the right light for design (publishing) offices, where the developer pays close attention to the arrangement of colors in projects. If the main lighting is incorrect, the designer will also interpret incorrectly color palette in a computer program. It's no secret that "cold" fluorescent lamps significantly distort the perception of the color of surrounding objects, strongly gravitating towards blue-gray shades. Plus, there is a difference in color rendering on the computer monitors of the contractor and the customer - and as a result, you can create a product that is completely different from what you originally expected.
If production activities involve increased illumination, it is advisable to shield bright, powerful lamps or use matte shades that dampen aggressive rays. Ideally, the light from the lamps will be diffused and not fall down onto the seated personnel.
Placement of lamps
It is necessary to take into account the features of the office layout. If the room is large and tends deeper into the building (i.e. the light from the windows does not reach distant areas), it is necessary to place ceiling lamps in several rows, in increments equal to 2/3 of the depth of the office.
A separate lamp should be provided near each workplace. Thanks to this, it will be possible to avoid the appearance of shadows that a person will create for himself. Color flooring and walls in an office space also affect the degree of illumination, so a light matte wall covering helps diffuse the light of lamps (or the sun). And matte dark absorbs rays, which means indirect passive lighting (scattered rays) does not work.
For the office, it is better to choose lamps that emit light in a soft, yellow spectrum that is pleasant to the eye. It is the most comfortable because it resembles natural sunlight. An office is not an exhibition stand that needs to attract more attention. Here people spend most of the day actively working. When determining the number and power of lamps for a particular office, you need to start from the average value of 15 - 25 W per 1 meter of area.
It is necessary to take into account and average age office workers, the older the person, the more intense lighting he needs. For people with impaired vision, it is also a good idea to provide a separate lamp.
Not the least role in ensuring high level Natural light plays a role in maintaining cleanliness. Regular cleaning of windows and lamp shades and reduction of air dust and humidity in the room are recommended. It is advisable not to force the window sills climbing plants covering half the window. It is important to replace burnt out or dimming lamps in a timely manner (many energy-saving models burn out their resource ahead of time due to intense loads).
If you want to create a healthy microclimate in all office premises, we recommend inviting specialists. They will take measurements with instruments, calculate standards for the dimensions of specific premises and create a project for lighting works.
conclusions
Finally, we note that you should not save when planning the lighting of an office space. The standards were not invented in vain - insufficient lighting leads to depression among workers, their well-being and performance deteriorate. In addition, such a company has a high risk of failing the certification of workplaces when inspected by regulatory authorities. And this is fraught with fines or even suspension of activities until the violations are eliminated.
It also makes sense to re-equip lines in old buildings, because... technology has advanced significantly. And today, the owner, by installing modern, economical lamps, can significantly reduce energy costs, while increasing the overall illumination in the offices.
Less than a century and a half ago, the electric lamp was invented. This simple device changed the life of mankind and expanded the horizons of its capabilities. With the advent of sustainable artificial lighting, labor productivity and overall quality of life have increased.
As soon as electric lighting devices came into use, it became necessary to justify the basis for their use. This is how standards for illumination of premises and workplaces appeared. IN modern world the amount of illumination is one of the most important characteristics of any construction site, be it a building, a stadium or a road. Any space where a person lives or works must be optimally illuminated.
Indoor light standards have been established for a long time, and they change from time to time. All requirements are set out in the Building Codes and Regulations, SNiP. Industry standards are created based on this document.
How Illuminance is Measured
Illumination is measured in lux - lux (from Latin lux - light).
A special device has been created with which the measurement is carried out, a lux meter. The device operates thanks to a photocell that captures the flow of light. As a result of the release of a flow of electrons, electricity. Its value is directly proportional to the amount of light falling on the photocell.
The brightness of local lighting can be measured with an exposure meter, and glare with a flash meter.
Here are some indicators for certain types of premises. The tables indicate the standard of illumination on the working surface or the average for the room. Illumination standards figure
Table 1. Trade establishments
| Room | Illumination standard OK |
| sales areas in supermarkets | 500 |
| retail premises of shops without self-service | 300 |
| self-service retail outlets | 400 |
| trading premises of kitchen utensils, furniture stores, sporting goods, building materials |
200 |
| fitting booths | 300 |
| order bureau | 200 |
| cutting, packaging, picking utility rooms |
200 |
| fabric cutting rooms, ironing rooms, radio and electrical workshops |
300 |
| cash registers | 300 |
Table 2. Educational institutions
| Room | Illumination standard OK |
| classrooms, auditoriums, school laboratories and secondary vocational schools |
500 |
| classrooms, classrooms, laboratories of technical schools and universities | 400 |
| information technology rooms | 200 |
| drawing and painting classrooms | 500 |
| laboratory assistants in subject rooms | 400 |
| chemical laboratories, preparatory | 400 |
| workshops | 300 |
| instrumental, master instructor's room | 300 |
| service labor training rooms | 400 |
| Sports halls | 200 |
| inventory storage rooms | 50 |
| indoor swimming pools | 150 |
| assembly halls, cinema auditoriums | 200 |
| scenes of assembly halls, teachers' offices | 300 |
| recreation, recreation facilities | 150 |
Table 3. Preschool institutions
Table 4. Residential buildings
| Room | Illumination standard OK |
| living rooms of apartments, living quarters of dormitories | 150 |
| kitchens, kitchen-dining rooms, kitchen-niches | 150 |
| children's | 200 |
| classrooms, libraries | 300 |
| interior corridors, halls | 50 |
| storage rooms and utility rooms | 300 |
| wardrobes | 75 |
| sauna, changing rooms, swimming pool | 100 |
| Gym | 150 |
| billiard room | 300 |
| bathrooms, toilets, toilets, showers | 50 |
| concierge room | 150 |
| stairs | 20 |
| floor-to-floor inter-apartment corridors, lobbies, elevator platforms |
30 |
| stroller and bicycle compartments | 30 |
| heating units, pumping stations, electrical switchboards, machine elevators, ventilation chambers |
20 |
| passages of technical floors, underground, basements, attics |
20 |
| elevator shafts | 5 |
Table 5. Medical institutions
Table 6. Service stations
Table 7. Office premises
Table 8. Warehouses
Ripple factor
In addition to the direct illumination in the room, it is necessary to measure the level of light pulsation.
Ripple is the unevenness of the light flux; it is present in any artificial lighting. The human eye does not perceive it up to certain amplitudes, but the brain perceives it, which has an adverse effect on a person’s well-being. Pulsation within normal limits is safe for the body.
Pulsation is measured using a pulse meter. Modern devices are built into lux meters, measurements are made simultaneously by illumination and pulsation. The function of measuring the pulsation coefficient, illumination, and brightness is built into the EcoLight luxmeters-brightness meters-pulsemeters and their price analogues. There is also an inexpensive device “Lupin” on the market, which also records these indicators. These instruments take measurements, and the results are determined using complex physical calculations, most often using computer programs, for example, EcoLight-AP.
According to the latest installations, the pulsation coefficient in the workplace should not exceed 4 - 5%. In other places, an increase in this indicator is still acceptable to 15 - 20%. The practice of conducting inspections at workplaces shows that standards are exceeded everywhere.
Reducing luminaire pulsation
It is up to everyone to solve this problem. When constructing new buildings, electrical networks must be laid taking into account all requirements for lighting and pulsation, and buildings must be equipped with modern lamps with a tested pulsation level. In premises that are already in use, it is necessary to change lamps or equip them with special devices. There are 3 ways here:
- lamps are connected to different phases electrical wiring;
- installation in luminaires of ballasts that provide power to different lamps with a shift (leading and lagging) or electronic ballasts;
- use of lamps powered by alternating current with a frequency of at least 300 Hz.
In addition to these two indicators, illumination and pulsation, others are very important: comfort, color perception, noiselessness. Installation of lighting fixtures in premises that meet all regulatory requirements should become the norm.
Not only the health of a person’s eyes and performance, but also his physical and psycho-emotional state directly depend on the degree of illumination. Moreover, in rooms for different purposes, lighting requirements must differ. Also, when calculating illumination, it is reasonable to take into account the characteristics of the work process carried out by a person in such a room, its frequency and duration. This issue should be given special attention when designing and installing all kinds of lighting systems.
There is also a division of lighting design standards by industry. Below are some of them:
- Lighting standards for residential buildings and premises administrative buildings, banking and insurance institutions:
- Lighting standards educational institutions, leisure purposes, preschool institutions;
- Enterprise lighting standards Catering, consumer services, shops, pharmacies, shop windows; Lighting standards for stations, hotels, enterprises;
- Standards for lighting streets, roads and squares, impassable parts of streets, roads, squares, closed vehicle tunnels, vehicle tunnels that have one wall with open openings;
- Standards for lighting boulevards and squares, pedestrian streets and neighborhoods, parks, stadiums and exhibitions;
- External standards architectural lighting city facilities, areas adjacent to public buildings;
- Standards for lighting open parking lots and entrances to refueling and storage areas.
Documentary basis
The calculation of the illumination standard is regulated by several legal acts. The most important document is SNiP. There are also SanPiN, MGSN (Moscow city building codes), and a large number of regional (for each subject of the Russian Federation) and industry documents, acts, etc.
Building codes and lighting design rules are a set of regulatory documents in the field of construction, adopted by executive authorities and containing mandatory requirements, including 4 parts:
- General provisions.
- Design standards.
- Rules for the implementation and acceptance of work.
- Estimated rules and regulations.
SanPiN
Sanitary rules and regulations cover a huge area of influence. SanPin requirements must be taken into account when developing SNiP, technical and regulatory documentation and agreed with the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation. SanPin applies both to existing production facilities and to the design and operation of enterprises and buildings under construction. Sanitary standards and the rules impose serious requirements for ensuring human living conditions and establish a standard for the safety of environmental factors.
These requirements must be taken into account when developing SNiP, regulatory and technical acts, and also be agreed upon with the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation.
Units
Calculation of the illumination norm is carried out in Lux (Lx). Lux is 1 lumen per sq.m. It is for this indicator that there are international and Russian standards.
It is worth noting that the developed parameters relate to:
- planes of tables in the case of a classroom, office, etc.
- floor, ground surface in the case of a staircase, stadium, open area, street, etc.
Workplace illumination standards
There are tables indicating the optimal amount of Lux for objects of all types. We present indicators for the main groups - offices, production facilities, warehouses, and residential buildings.
Lighting standards for office premises
Lighting standards for industrial premises
The calculation of indicators is carried out based on the characteristics of visual work.
| Visual work category | Characteristic | Subcategory | Illumination (combined system), Lux | Illumination (general system), Lux |
| I | Highest precision | A b V G |
5000 4000 2500 1500 |
1250 750 400 |
| II | Very high precision | A b V G |
4000 3000 2000 1000 |
750 500 300 |
| III | High precision | A b V G |
2000 1000 750 400 |
500 300 300 200 |
| IV | Medium accuracy | A b V G |
750 500 400 |
300 200 200 200 |
| V | Low accuracy | A b V G |
400 | 300 200 200 200 |
| VI | Rough | 200 | ||
| VII | General monitoring of the production process | A b V G |
200 75 50 20 |
a - constant work, b - periodic work with constant stay in the room, c - periodic work with periodic stay in the room, d - general observation of utilities.
Lighting standards for warehouse premises
Residential lighting standards
| Type of room | Illumination standard according to SNiP, Lux |
| Lift shaft | 5 |
| Passages of technical floors, basements, attics | 20 |
| Ventilation chambers, heating points, pumping and electrical switchboards | 20 |
| Bicycles, strollers | 30 |
| Stairs | 20 |
| Concierge room | 150 |
| Bathrooms, toilets, showers | 50 |
| Billiard room | 300 |
| Gym | 150 |
| Sauna, swimming pool, locker room | 100 |
| Wardrobe | 75 |
| auxiliary | 300 |
| Apartment corridors and halls | 50 |
| Office, library | 300 |
| Children's | 200 |
| Kitchens | 150 |
| Living rooms | 150 |
| Lobbies | 30 |
Whatever type of room it is, you need to carefully plan and think through its lighting. The comfort and health of the people in it directly depends on this.
Standardized indicators for streets and roads of urban settlements with regular traffic with asphalt concrete pavement
| Object category | Class | Main purpose of the object | Design speed, km/h | Average illumination of the road surface, Еср, lux, no less |
|
| Main roads and city streets | Outside the city center | A1 | Highways, federal and transit routes, main city thoroughfares | 100 | 30 |
| A2 | Other federal roads and main streets | 80-100 | 20 | ||
| Downtown | A3 | Central highways connecting streets with access to the A1 highway | 90 | 20 | |
| A4 | Main historical passages of the center, internal connections of the center | 80 | 20 | ||
| Highways and district streets | Outside the city center | B1 | 60-70 | 20 | |
| Downtown | B2 | Main roads and streets of the city of regional significance | 60 | 15 | |
| Local streets and roads | Residential development outside the city center | IN 1 | Transport and pedestrian connections within residential areas and access to highways except for streets with continuous traffic | 60 | 15 |
| Residential development in the city center | AT 2 | Transport and pedestrian connections in residential areas, access to highways | 60 | 10 | |
| In urban industrial, municipal and warehouse areas | AT 3 | Transport connections within production and utility-warehouse areas | 60 | 6 | |
Standardized indicators for streets and roads in rural settlements
Illumination of enterprise territories
| Illuminated objects | Maximum traffic intensity in both directions, units/hour | Minimum illumination in the horizontal plane, lux |
| Directions |
St. 50 to 150 |
|
| Fire passages, roads for household needs | — | 0,5 |
| Pedestrian and bicycle paths |
From 20 to 100 |
|
| Steps and landings of stairs and walkways | — | 3 |
| Pedestrian paths on playgrounds and squares | — | 0,5 |
| Pre-factory areas that do not belong to the city (areas in front of buildings, entrances and passages to buildings, parking lots) | — | 2 |
| Railways: | — | |
| arrow necks individual turnouts railway track |
||
| Transitions and relocations | — | 6 |
Lighting for gas stations and parking lots
Average horizontal illumination values for underground and overground pedestrian crossings
Classification and standardized indicators for pedestrian spaces
| Class lighting object |
Object name | Esr, lk, no less |
| P1 | Areas in front of the entrances of cultural, sports, entertainment and shopping facilities. | 20 |
| P2 | The main pedestrian streets of the historical part of the city and the main public centers of the administrative districts, impassable and pre-factory squares, landing, children's and recreation areas. | 10 |
| P3 | Pedestrian streets; main and auxiliary entrances of parks, sanatoriums, exhibitions and stadiums. | 6 |
| P4 | Sidewalks separated from the carriageway of roads and streets; main passages of microdistricts, entrances, approaches and central alleys of children's, educational and health care institutions. | 4 |
| P5 | Secondary passages in the territories of microdistricts, utility areas in the territories of microdistricts, side alleys and auxiliary entrances of city-wide parks and central alleys of parks of administrative districts. | 2 |
| P6 | Side alleys and auxiliary entrances of parks of administrative districts. | 1 |
Standards for external architectural lighting of urban facilities
| Urban space category | Location of the lighting object | Illuminated object | Fill and accent. light, medium brightness accent. the light of the element, Le, cd/m2 |
Local flood lighting, medium brightness, L, cd/m2 |
| A | Squares of the capital's center, areas of city-wide dominants | Architectural monuments of national importance, large public buildings, monuments and dominant objects | 30 | 10 |
| Main streets and squares of citywide importance | Architectural, historical and cultural monuments, buildings, structures and monuments of urban significance | 25 | 8 | |
| Parks, gardens, boulevards, public gardens and pedestrian streets of citywide importance | Notable buildings, structures, landmarks and monuments, unique landscape elements | 15 | 5 | |
| B | Areas of district and regional public centers | Monuments and monuments, buildings and structures of district and district significance | 20 | 8 |
| Main streets and squares of district and district significance | Same | 15 | 5 | |
| Parks, gardens, squares, boulevards and pedestrian streets of district and regional significance | 10 | 3 | ||
| IN | Streets and squares, local pedestrian roads | Monuments and monuments, landmark buildings and structures | 10 | 3 |
| Gardens, squares, local boulevards | The same goes for the characteristic elements of the landscape | 8 | 3 |
Display lighting
Lighting of building entrances
Emergency lighting of escape routes
Emergency and security lighting
Standard indicators for lighting the main premises of public, residential and auxiliary buildings
| Illuminated objects | Height of the plane above the floor (H – horizontal, V – vertical), m | With combined lighting | In general lighting |
| Administrative buildings (ministries, departments, committees, prefectures, municipalities, departments, design and engineering organizations, research institutions, etc.) | |||
| 1. Cabinets and workrooms, offices | G-0.8 | 400/200 | 300 |
| 2. Design halls and rooms, design, drawing bureaus | G-0.8 | 600/400 | 500 |
| 3. Premises for visitors, expeditions | G-0.8 | 400/200 | 300 |
| 4. Reading rooms | G-0.8 | 500/300 | 400 |
| 5. Reader's catalogs | B-1.0, on the front of the cards: | — | 200 |
| 6. Book depositories and archives, open access fund premises | B-1.0 (on racks) | — | 75 |
| 7. Photocopying facilities | G-0.8 | — | 300 |
| 8. Binding and stitching rooms | G-0.8 | — | 300 |
| 9. Layout, carpentry and repair shops | G-0.8, on workbenches and work tables | 750/200 | 300 |
| 10. Computer rooms | V-1.2 (on display screen)/G-0.8 on desktops | 200 | |
| 11. Conference rooms, meeting rooms | G-0.8 | — | 200 |
| 12. Recreation, corridors, foyer | G-0.0 - on the floor | — | 150 |
| 13. Laboratories: organic and inorganic chemistry, thermal, physical, spectrographic, stometric, photometric, microscopic, X-ray analysis, mechanical and radio measuring, electronic devices, preparatory | G-0.8 | 500/300 | 400 |
| 14. Analytical laboratories | G-0.8 | 600/400 | 500 |
| Banking and insurance institutions | |||
| 15. Operating room, credit group, cash room | G-0.8 on desktops | 500/300 | 400 |
| 16. Premises of the collection department, cash collection | G-0.8 | — | 300 |
| 17. Depository, storage room, storage room for valuables | G-0.8 | — | 200 |
| 18. Server room, premises for interbank electronic settlements | G-0.8 | — | 400 |
| 19. Room for the production and processing of identification cards | G-0.8 | — | 400 |
| 20. Safe | G-0.8 | — | 150 |
| Institutions of general education, primary, secondary and higher specialized education | |||
| 21. Classrooms, auditoriums, classrooms, laboratories of secondary schools, boarding schools, secondary specialized and vocational institutions | B – in the middle of the board/G-0.8 on work tables and desks | — | 500/400 |
| 22. Auditoriums, classrooms, laboratories in technical schools and higher educational institutions | G-0.8 | — | 400 |
| 23. Informatics and computer science classrooms | B- on the display screen | — | 200 |
| 24. Technical drawing and painting rooms | On the board G-0.8 - on work tables and desks |
— | 500 |
| 25. Laboratory assistants in classrooms | G-0.8 | — | 400 |
| 26. Workshops for metal and wood processing | G-0.8 - on workbenches and work tables | 1000/200 | 300 |
| 27. Offices of service types of labor | G-0.8 - on desktops | — | 400 |
| 28. Gyms | G-0.0 – on the floor B – at a level of 2.0 m from the floor on both sides on the longitudinal axis of the room |
200 | |
| 29. Indoor pools | G – on the surface of the water | — | 150 |
| 30. Assembly halls, cinema audiences | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 200 |
| 31. Stages of assembly halls | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 300 |
| 32. Teachers' offices and rooms | G-0.8 | — | 300 |
| 33. Recreation | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 150 |
| Leisure institutions | |||
| 34. Multi-purpose halls | G-0.8 | — | 400 |
| 35. Theater auditoriums, concert halls | G-0.8 | — | 300 |
| 36. Auditoriums of clubs, club-living room, premises for leisure activities, meetings, theater foyers | G-0.8 | — | 200 |
| 37. Exhibition halls | G-0.8 | — | 200 |
| 38. Cinema auditoriums | G-0.8 | — | 75 |
| 39. Foyers of cinemas, clubs | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 150 |
| 40. Club rooms, music classes | G-0.8 | — | 300 |
| 41. Film, sound and lighting equipment | G-0.8 | — | 150 |
| Children's preschool institutions | |||
| 42. Receptionists | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 200 |
| 43. Changing rooms | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 300 |
| 44. Group, playing | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 400 |
| 45. Music and gymnastics rooms, dining rooms | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 400 |
| 46. Sleeping | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 100 |
| 47. Isolators, rooms for sick children | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 200 |
| 48. Medical office | G-0.8 | — | 300 |
| Sanatoriums, holiday homes, boarding houses | |||
| 49. Chambers, sleeping rooms | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 100 |
| 50. Classrooms in children's sanatoriums | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 500 |
| Sports and recreational institutions | |||
| 51. Sports halls | G-0.0 – on the floor/V-2.0 on both sides on the longitudinal axis of the room |
— | 200/75 |
| 52. Pool hall | G-surface of water | — | 150 |
| 53. Aerobics, gymnastics, wrestling halls | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 200 |
| 54. Bowling alley | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 200 |
| Catering establishments | |||
| 55. Dining rooms of restaurants, canteens | G-0.8 | — | 200 |
| 56. Handouts | G-0.8 | — | 200 |
| 57. Hot shops, cold shops, pre-production and procurement shops | G-0.8 | — | 200 |
| 58. Washing kitchen and tableware, rooms for cutting bread | G-0.8 | — | 200 |
| The shops | |||
| 59. Trading floors of stores: bookstores, ready-made clothes, linen, shoes, fabrics, fur products, hats, perfumes, haberdashery jewelry, electrical, radio goods, food without self-service | G-0.8 | — | 300 |
| 60. Self-service grocery store sales areas | G-0.8 | — | 400 |
| 61. Sales areas of stores: tableware, furniture, sporting goods, building materials, electrical appliances, cars, toys and office supplies | G-0.8 | — | 200 |
| 62. Fitting booths | V-1.5 | — | 300 |
| 63. Premises of order departments, service bureau | G-0.8 | — | 200 |
| 64. Premises of the main ticket offices | G-0.8 | — | 300 |
| Consumer service enterprises | |||
| 65. Baths: | |||
| a) expected-remaining b) changing rooms, washing rooms, showers, steam rooms c) swimming pools |
G-0.8 | — | 150 |
| G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 75 | |
| G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 100 | |
| 66. Hairdressers | G-0.8 | 500/300 | 400 |
| 67. Photos: | |||
| a) salons for receiving and issuing orders | G-0.8 | — | 200 |
| b) photo studio film room | G-0.8 | — | 100 |
| 68. Darkroom | Г-0.8/В-1.2 (on display screen) | — | 400/200 |
| 69. Laundries: | |||
| a) departments for receiving and issuing linen | G-0.8/V-1.0 | — | 200/75 |
| b) washing departments: washing, preparation of solutions, storage of washing materials |
G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 200 |
| c) drying and ironing departments: mechanical, | G-0.8 | — | 200 |
| d) departments for disassembling and packaging linen | G-0.8 | — | 200 |
| d) mending clothes | G-0.8 | 2000/750 | 750 |
| 70. Self-service laundries | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 200 |
| 71. Atelier dry cleaning clothes: | |||
| a) salon for receiving and issuing clothes | G-0.8 | — | 200 |
| b) dry cleaning rooms | G-0.8 | — | 200 |
| c) stain removal departments | G-0.8 | 2000/200 | 500 |
| d) chemical storage rooms | G-0.8 | — | 50 |
| 72. Atelier for the manufacture and repair of clothing and knitwear: | |||
| a) sewing shops | G-0.8, on desktops |
2000/750 | 750 |
| b) cutting compartments | G-0.8, on desktops |
— | 750 |
| c) clothing repair department | G-0.8 | 2000/750 | 750 |
| d) departments for the preparation of applied materials | G-0.8 | — | 300 |
| d) manual and machine knitting departments | G-0.8 | — | 500 |
| e) ironing, decating | G-0.8 | — | 300 |
| 73. Rental locations: | |||
| a) premises for visitors | G-0.8 | — | 200 |
| b) storerooms | G-0.8 | — | 150 |
| 74. Repair shops: | |||
| a) production and repair of hats, furrier work | G-0.8 | 2000/750 | 750 |
| b) repair of shoes, haberdashery, metal products, plastic products, household electrical appliances | G-0.8 | 2000/300 | — |
| c) watch repair, jewelry and engraving work | G-0.8 | 3000/300 | — |
| d) repair of photo, film, radio and television equipment | G-0.8 | 2000/200 | — |
| 75. Recording studio: | |||
| a) recording and listening rooms | G-0.8 | — | 200 |
| b) music libraries | G-0.8 | — | 200 |
|
Hotels |
|||
| 76. Service Bureau | G-0.8 | — | 200 |
| 77. Premises of duty and service personnel | G-0.8 | — | 200 |
| 78. Living rooms, rooms | G-0.0 | — | 150 |
|
Residential buildings |
|||
| 79. Living rooms | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 150 |
| 80. Kitchens | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 150 |
| 81. Corridors, bathrooms, restrooms | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 50 |
| 82. Common premises: | |||
| a) concierge room | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 150 |
| b) lobbies | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 30 |
| c) floor corridors and elevator halls | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 20 |
| d) stairs and landings | — | 20 | |
| Auxiliary buildings and premises | |||
| 83. Sanitary facilities: | |||
| a) washrooms, latrines, smoking rooms | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 75 |
| b) showers, dressing rooms, rooms for drying clothes and shoes, rooms for heating workers | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 50 |
| 84. Health centers: | |||
| a) expected | G-0.8 | — | 200 |
| b) reception, rooms for duty personnel | G-0.8 | — | 200 |
| c) doctors’ offices, dressing rooms | G-0.8 | — | 300 |
| d) treatment rooms | G-0.8 | — | 500 |
|
Other premises of production, auxiliary and public buildings |
|||
| 85. Lobbies and dressing rooms for street clothes: | |||
| a) in universities, schools, hostels, hotels and main theaters, clubs, entrances to large industrial enterprises and public buildings | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 150 |
| b) in other industrial, auxiliary and public buildings | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 75 |
| c) lobbies in residential buildings | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 30 |
| 86. Stairs: | |||
| a) main staircases of public, industrial and auxiliary buildings | G-0.0 - floor, platforms, steps | — | 100 |
| b) staircases of residential buildings | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 20 |
| c) the remaining staircases | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 50 |
| 87. Elevator halls: | |||
| a) in public, industrial and auxiliary buildings | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 75 |
| b) in residential buildings | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 20 |
| 88. Corridors and passages: | |||
| a) main corridors and passages | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 75 |
| b) floor corridors of residential buildings | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 20 |
| c) other corridors | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 50 |
| 89. Machine rooms for elevators and rooms for freon installations | G-0.8 | — | 30 |
| 90. Attics | G-0.0 – on the floor | — | 20 |