Species and generic name of oak. Treatment of body and soul from physical and energetic diseases

Editor Plants and trees 11529

In total, the oak genus contains about six hundred species, the distribution zone of which is the tropical as well as the temperate Northern Hemisphere.

Main characteristics of oaks

Trees of this species are characterized by a fairly powerful crown and root system. The leaves have a leathery surface and can vary in shape, color, and ability to overwinter (many varieties shed their leaves for the winter). As for resistance to climatic conditions, all members of the oak family tolerate windy and dry weather well.

The best place for planting is open, well-lit areas with nutritious soil.

When choosing types of oak, you should focus, first of all, on the size of the site: if there is a large free space, trees that form a spreading shading crown will look impressive, and with a minimum of space, the most the best option will become low-growing varieties with a narrow crown in the shape of a pyramid.

The most widespread in the design of landscapes of parks, gardens, and household plots are 10 species: stone, red (northern), large-fruited, white, marsh, willow, large-anthered (eastern), Mongolian, chestnut-leaved, petiolate.

Species characteristic of the Mediterranean, Canada, Southern Europe

Stone oak

Evergreen trees of this type are resistant to low temperatures and drought. The oak tree reaches a height of 25 meters; it is characterized by the formation of a wide branched crown and a powerful, saturated trunk. gray. The length of the glossy dark green leaves does not exceed 8 cm. The leaves can have a solid or variable shape, the back side is yellowish or whitish, and slight hairiness is possible. Holm oaks can be planted in any soil on areas of any light level. Trees can be pruned, allowing the formation of hedges, so they become an effective decoration of regular gardens, parks, and alleys.

The following decorative forms of this type are distinguished:

• Narrow-leaved;
• Longleaf;
• Ford shape - characterized by the presence of a narrow crown and narrow leaves;
• Golden-variegated (with a characteristic leaf color);
• Curly;
• Small-leaved;
• Round-leaved.

Red oak

The tree has a slender shape, reaching 25 meters in height. The crown, resembling a tent in shape, is formed by shiny leaves with pointed blades, deep grooves and a length of up to 20 cm. The color of the leaves varies depending on the time of year and the age of the oak: in spring and summer, the color varies from reddish to dark green, in in the autumn period it becomes scarlet-red and brownish-brown in young and mature trees, respectively. This type widely used in street landscaping, forming alleys in the form of group arrays or solitaires. Grows best in open areas with deep-textured soils, can withstand frosty and windy weather, is immune to side shading, and is not susceptible to negative influences. powdery mildew. A special feature of wood is its ability to muffle city noise. It is undesirable to plant this species in calcareous, overly moist soils.

Representatives of North America

Large-fruited oak

The tree, which has a thick trunk and a branched tent-like crown, can reach a height of 30 m. The crown-forming obovate leaves with deep lobes (leaf length is about 25 cm) are whitish-green below and dark green above. In autumn the color changes to yellow-brown. Can be planted in masses or tapeworms, likes abundant watering, tolerates well low temperatures. This species is characterized by fast growth, ripening of large acorns.

White oak

Quite unpretentious, grows best in nutritious deep soils. The height of an adult plant is about 30 meters; spreading branches form a wide crown in the shape of a tent. The length of the leaf reaches 22 cm. The color of the foliage varies depending on the time of year: from bright red (at the time of blooming), to light green (in summer), dark red or purple-violet (in autumn). Such representatives of the oak family do not withstand severe frosts and tolerate dry weather well. They look impressive as alley plantings.

Swamp oak

Like most trees of this species, it reaches a height of 25 meters, first forming
narrowly, and over time - a wide pyramidal crown. A feature of young shoots is the presence of reddish-brown bark. The length of the pointed leaves, which have smooth serrated blades, does not exceed 12 cm. The lower part of the leaf is colored light green, and
top – saturated green color. From below, tufts of pile form in the corners of the veins. In autumn the foliage turns bright purple. This species grows best in nutritious, well-moistened soils and does not tolerate severe frosts (young shoots freeze slightly). Used when forming a group or alley planting or planted as a tapeworm.

Willow oak

Represents a slender decorative tree, having a wide rounded crown and reaching a height of 20 meters. A peculiarity of the foliage is its similarity to willow leaves (the length and width of one leaf are about 12 and 2 cm, respectively). Young leaves are characterized by strong pubescence below. Foliage color varies from green in spring and summer to dull yellow in fall. It can grow on any soil in areas with sufficient lighting and can withstand severe frosts. It looks equally impressive both in group plantings and when planted with tapeworm.

“Natives” of the Far East, the Caucasus, East Asia and Siberia

Large anther (high mountain Caucasian) oak

The height of the tree does not exceed 20 meters. The leaves, about 18 cm long, are distinguished by a characteristic pinnately dissected shape with short blunt lobes (from 8 to 10). The upper part of the leaf has a smooth surface and is colored dark green, while the lower part looks yellowish-gray due to thick fibers. These oak representatives are resistant to dry and frosty weather, but grow rather slowly. Decorative plantings are often formed by large-anthered hybrids, named after Michurin, Timiryazev, Komarov, Vysotsky.

Mongolian oak

The tree is distinguished by its decorative appearance, can reach 30 meters in height. The leaves are characterized by an oblong, obovate shape with short, non-pointed lobes. The length of one leaf does not exceed 20 cm. The color of the foliage varies from dark green in summer to yellow-brown in autumn. It tolerates lateral shading well (one of the factors for the rapid growth of oak), but loves good lighting from above. The most optimal conditions for growth are partial shade. It is a frost-resistant species, but may suffer from late frosts in the spring. Planted as a tapeworm or an element of an array when decorating an alley.

Chestnut oak

Belongs to the species listed in the Red Book. The tree is distinguished by the presence of a wide, tent-shaped crown, capable of reaching a height of 30 m. Massive leaves (length - about 18 cm) with pointed triangular teeth in shape resemble the foliage of a seed chestnut. The upper part of the leaf is dark green, and the lower part is light green (short pile is present). A feature of chestnut-leaved oak is its rapid growth and frost resistance. Grows best in moist soil.

English oak (Quercus robur) - a diverse representative of Western European and Russian forests

This species is most widespread in landscape design, is constituent element coniferous-deciduous forests. It grows best in nutritious soils in open areas with sufficient light, tolerates dry and windy weather well, and does not like waterlogging. The height of an adult tree can reach 50 meters. When grown as part of group plantings, it has a high-set crown and a slender long trunk; when used as a tapeworm, the crown becomes wide and has a low planting. Leathery leaves with a maximum length of 15 cm are characterized by an obovate or oblong shape with non-pointed blades (no more than 7). These oak representatives are among the most durable species, with a lifespan of about 1500 years.

English oak is represented by several varieties, each of which has its own characteristic features:

• Atropurpurea - shoots and foliage have a wine color, which changes to green-violet in autumn. Oak is able to grow only in areas protected from draft cold winds;
• Compacta – a rounded crown is formed on a low trunk;
• Variegate - has white leaves with variegated splashes of color;
• Concordia is a low-growing oak with leaves that change in color from bright yellow during the blooming season to green and copper in summer and fall, respectively;
• Fastigiata Koster – forms an original crown in the vertical direction;
• Pyramidalis is a low-growing oak with a narrow crown shaped like a pyramid;
• Asplenifolia is a low oak with a rounded crown with small leaves, densely dissected along its entire length.

Oak common oak petiolate - Quercus robur L. Beech family - Fagaceae.
Generic Latin name comes from two Celtic words: guer - red and cyer - tree, which literally means red or beautiful tree. The specific name robur means hard wood.
No person has ever given as much attention, love and respect to any tree as to the oak. Many peoples considered it a sacred tree and attributed miraculous properties to the plant. It was believed that the oak tree was given by God to man and could not be cut down or a branch broken off without the permission of the priests. In Greece, warriors were awarded oak branches for outstanding feats. IN Ancient Rome oak was dedicated supreme god– Jupiter, and acorns were called divine fruits.
The oak was considered the personification of masculinity and all dead soldiers burned on oak branches and considered the flame from its branches to be cleansing for their souls.
People were amazed by the longevity of the tree, and the nutritional value of the seeds was compared to cereals. Acorn flour is still used in baking confectionery products. In Russia oak bark used in leather tanning.

Biological features of common oak

The common oak is a tree up to 40 m high. The bark of young trees is smooth, but after 30 years of the tree’s life it begins to crack. Old trees have thick, deeply cracked, brownish-gray bark. Leaves with rounded lobes and short petioles. The flowers are small, greenish with an inconspicuous perianth. Oak trees begin to bloom from the age of 30 at the same time as the leaves bloom. The fruits are brownish-colored acorns, shiny, splitting into two parts when peeled. Seed years - acorn harvest years occur once every 5-6 years. Oak develops a large root system

Procurement of raw materials

There are about 600 on Earth different types oak, about 20 species of tree grow in the CIS. Great value For the furniture and construction industry it is represented by solid wood with a beautiful pattern. Particularly important is bog oak, which is kept in water for a long time and acquires a beautiful black color. In addition, the wood is used to make cognac. Oak bark for medicinal use is harvested from young branches, no thicker than 10 cm in diameter, when it is thin, has a smooth outer surface and contains, in addition to other chemicals, a lot of tannin. In the fall, acorns are collected, which are used to feed pigs and also to make cereal coffee. Dry in warm, well-ventilated areas. For storage, choose places with a dry microclimate in paper bags.

Chemical properties of common oak

The bark contains tannins, flavonoids: quercetin, quercitrin, gallic and ellagic acids, catechin tannins, pectin substances, carbohydrates, resins, sugars, mucus, protein substances. Acorns contain starch, fatty oils, sugars, and tannins. The leaves contain tannins, quercetin, and peptosans.

Use of common oak

Aqueous and alcoholic tinctures of oak bark have astringent, anti-inflammatory and anti-putrefactive properties. Tannin, which is a tannin, interacts with proteins and forms a protective film that protects tissues from local irritation. The film slows down inflammatory process and reduces pain. Tannins denature the proteins of pathogenic microflora, that is, they promote the coagulation and sedimentation of the protein of foreign microorganisms, which leads to a delay in their development and death.
Oak bark is used to treat stomatitis, pharyngitis, gingivitis, using the anti-inflammatory and astringent properties of the tree, while rinsing the throat and mouth. We can recommend the use of oak bark for excessive sweating of the feet, bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, heavy menstruation, poisoning with mushrooms, copper and lead salts.
In addition, oak bark is used to treat enterocolitis, diseases of the liver and spleen.
External use is used for skin diseases caused by chronic purulent ulcers and non-healing wounds. Cleansing baths are used for eczema, dermatitis and colpitis
In case of poisoning with mushrooms, copper and lead salts, prepare a decoction of 1 tbsp. spoons and 1 cup boiling water. The crushed bark and boiling water are kept on low heat for 5 minutes. Then leave for 10 minutes, filter and drink 1 glass 2 times a day.
To strengthen the gums, with pharyngitis, stomatitis, gingivitis, and with bad breath, use a decoction of oak bark. The decoction is prepared from 1 tbsp. spoons of oak bark and one glass of boiling water. Rinse the mouth and throat with the prepared decoction.
For colpitis, and for general weakness of the body, a collection is prepared from equal amount oak bark and walnut leaves. 200 g of collection and 2 l. Keep boiling water on low heat for 10 minutes. Then leave for 10 minutes, filter and add to the cleansing bath. The procedure is carried out within 20 minutes. in one day. The number of procedures is 10 at a water temperature of no more than 40 degrees Celsius.
At the nodes, a collection is prepared from the same amount of oak bark and flowers. 2 tbsp. spoons of collection and 1 l. boiling water is kept on low heat for 10 minutes. Then it is infused for 20 minutes, filtered and used as sitz baths for hemorrhoids or for foot baths for excessive sweating of the feet.
For the treatment of uterine, gastrointestinal, hemorrhoidal

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English oak or ordinary

This mighty representative of the tree tribe is so named because its fruits - acorns - sit on long stalks - petioles. Age limit oak- 500 and even 800 years. Oak reaches up towards the sun and tries to avoid the shadows.

Oak tree has a height of up to 45 m, the shape of its trunk and crown depend on climatic conditions. If the trees are located close, then the trunk is straight, the crown tends upward. If oak located in an open area, its crown takes the shape of a hemisphere, and the trunk, as a rule, is uneven. Trunk oak can be considered its symbol - thick and powerful, as if driven into the ground by a giant hammer, it impresses with its monumentality and grandeur.

Escapes oak change the direction of their growth depending on the lighting several times a season. Therefore, the branches oak have a bizarre, seemingly “twisted” shape. If Oak trees located in close proximity to each other, their natural fusion can often be observed. There is no bark at the site of fusion. Subsequently, the formation of the so-called cambial ring occurs and fusion becomes complete. The whole process takes 70 - 80 years.

Oak bark dark, covered with deep and sinuous relief patterns. The older oak, the more prominent the protrusions of the bark fragments. On the branches, a yellowish-reddish bark is formed, smooth, with lentils covering it.

Oak leaf and its flowers appear almost simultaneously in the spring, in the month of May. In autumn they do not completely fall off. Leaf petioles up to 5 cm long. The leaf shape is pinnately lobed with 6 pairs (usually) of lobes. The leaf length ranges from 7 to 15 cm. The surface is leathery with a shiny sheen.

The buds are large, ovoid, grayish-brown with numerous scales. Flowers appear simultaneously with leaves, but two weeks later than on other trees due to fear of cold weather. Flowers oak sprout from vegetative buds. When the fruit ripens, the monoflower turns into a cup-shaped strip.

Acorns - fruits oak ripen and fall in September - October. Average length acorn - 2 - 3 cm. It has an oblong shape and 1, and sometimes 2-3 seeds. Productivity oak directly depends on its age and climatic conditions. A decrease in oak yield is usually observed in connection with spring frosts during the flowering period. The acorns are covered with charming caps - berets, which are really very reminiscent of women's knitted berets.

Roots oak are quite consistent with its crown and trunk. Powerful and branched, they branch and penetrate the ground deeply, and the taproot shoot can penetrate the ground to a depth of 20 m.

Vegetative period oak trees 120 days. Habitat: from the Iberian Peninsula to the Urals. Common oak- the main component in the deciduous forest zone. Loves warmth and lighted places. Due to its developed root system, it is classified as drought-resistant. Can grow in floodplains. It takes hundreds of years for a gentle sprout to grow into a mighty giant, so the most you can do is plant a seedling on your plot, and grow an oak- this is the work of entire generations.

But how pleasant it is under the crown in the summer heat green oak lie down and find peace, at least for a short time, returning yourself to your origins.