Cervicitis of cervicals: causes, symptoms, treatment. Cervicitis - inflammatory cervical process bacterial cervicitis

Cervicitis is a fairly well-known problem in gynecology among women of childbearing age and less often finds in the period before menopause. The establishment of real prevalence of the disease is a certain complexity due to the fact that cervicitis proceeds asymptomatic and mainly detected during preventive medical examinations.

Cervicitis - what it is

German is a general inflammation of the uterus, which includes availability pathological process In the mucous membrane of the vaginal part of the cervix and cervical canal. Separate inflammation is very rare, and in most cases, they are combined with other inflammatory problems of the female reproductive system (colpit, vaginitis, cervical erosion).

Code of ICD 10 N72 Inflammatory diseases of the cervix.

Curvice causes

The mucous membrane of the cervical canal plays the role of a protective barrier between the uterus and the external environment. The composition of cervical mucus includes proteolytic enzymes, immunoglobulins of all classes, bactericidal substances. As can be seen in the photo, the neck of the uterus and its mucus represent a kind of filter, providing protection against the influence of adverse agents.

The most common causes of cervicita can be:

• pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases: chlamydia, gonococci, trichomonas, papilloma viruses and a simple herpes, mycoplasma, ureaplasma;
• non-specific flora: streptococcus, protea, intestinal wand, Klebsiella, mushrooms of the genus Candida;
• injury to the cervical canal during childbirth, abortion, the introduction of an intrauterine contraceptive;
• the effect of strong chemical solutions when dying
• changes in hormonal background in premenopause may be the cause of cervicitis.

It should be noted that an additional risk that promotes the development of the disease is previously the beginning of sexual life, the presence of sexual relations with a large number of men, childbirth up to 16 years, smoking, allergies to latex or spermicides, receiving some hormonal drugs.

Classification of disease

The disease is differentiated by several categories:

• according to the nature of the flow of inflammation there are acute, chronic and subacute cervicitis;
• by type of pathogen: Specific and non-specific cervicitis;
• according to the degree of activity, the minimum, pronounced and moderate cervicitis is distinguished.

General symptoms of cervicitis cervix

Inflammation is accompanied by such symptoms:

• vaginal discharge of a foam purulent nature, with an unpleasant odor;
• irritation and itching in the field of vulva;
• soreness in koitus and succinous discharge after it, anorgazmia;
• pains at the bottom of the abdomen and in the drawing of a pulling nature;
• feeling of burning and pain during urination act;
• dark brazing discharge from the vagina between the monthly.

If you have noticed these symptoms, immediately contact your gynecologist. Only on the basis of inspection and diagnostic data, the doctor will put the correct diagnosis and appoints the appropriate treatment.

In addition to the generally accepted classification forms of inflammation, there are other types of this ailment.

Sharp cervicitis: what it is

Inflammation, the duration of which is up to 6 weeks. Signs are characterized by a rapid flow that manifests the abundant purulent separated from the vagina, moderately increased temperatures, pulling pains in the lower abdomen.

When inspecting mirrors in the case of acute inflammation, the gynecologist will see the selection of a pus from the outer 13 cervical canal, point hemorrhages, tissue swelling and redness of the mucous membrane, it is possible to identify erosions.

Chronic cervicit. APA

Chronic cervicit. Treatment, signs

Chronic Cervicit.Foroforosis (NDC)

Gonococcal cervicitis flows in acute form. The risk group of this disease includes women with several sexual partners or partners with a gonorrheal urethritis. Purulent cervicitis is accompanied by abundant purulent discharge and can spread to the uterus.

Bacterial cervicitis can provoke staphylococcus, streptococcus and other nonspecific flora. The reason for the impaired balance of the vaginal flora, and the disease will not necessarily be associated with sexual life.

Chronic cervicit

Chronic inflammation of the cervical canal basically does not have symptoms, and is found when the woman's appeal to the doctor for other reasons. The chronic form of the disease may occur if the sharp form of inflammation is not revealed and cured. Because of the long-flowing pathological process, the formation of infiltrates, cyst and thickening of the cervix, which makes it possible to determine the disease as a productive cervicitis.

Very often, the cause of chronic forms are fungi, viruses or hormonal changes in the female body.

Cuddadose cervicit

It occurs in a situation where there is already fungal lesion (thrush) in the vagina. When inspecting the cervix in the mirrors, white raids are determined, which are easily scraped, resulting in an inflamed mucosa of red.

Lymphocytic cervicit

The disease is also called follicular cervicitis. This form of inflammation proceeds asymptomatic and occurs in women in menopause. The process is a lymphoid "impregnation" of the walls of the cervix, the result of which the formation of follicular benign formations becomes. When identifying such a form of inflammation, the doctor will definitely conduct differential diagnosis with a malignant lymphosarcoma.

Cystic cervicit

It is a form of a disease at which the formation of benign cysts in the field of the cervix. As a result of the inflammatory process, there is a blockage of glands that distinguish the mucus and their subsequent growth, which the gynecologist will detect when inspection or colposcopy.

Viral Cervicit

The disease appears as a result of infection with a virus of a simple herpes, human papilomema, HIV. Represents a certain complexity in recognition, since it does not have specific features. During the examination, the doctor can see the bubbles or diagnosis for herpes infection or the diagnosis will only confirm the laboratory.

Atrophic cervicit

Most often it is a chronic and non-specific form of the disease. Frequent reasons Atrophic inflammation is traumatic manipulations associated with violation of the integrity of the cervical canal of the uterus or childbirth.

Diagnostics

To set the correct diagnosis, in addition to standard gynecological manipulations (inspection in mirrors, bimanual palpation), you will need to hand over the stroke for a cytogram, sowing to determine the microflora of the vagina, pass the blood for checking for syphilis and HIV and the main infections transmitted by sexual. Diagnosis of the disease does not exclude the conduct of colposcopy.

What is dangerous cervicid

The main danger of the disease lies in its negative impact on the reproductive function of a woman. Patients who have suffered inflammation of the cervical canal in the future may have problems with conception and hacking pregnancy, up to infertility. Long flowing nature of the disease can also lead to oncological complications.

Treatment of cervicitis cervical

The main tactic in the treatment of the disease is the fight against the main reason that served as inflammation. Considering the clinic and data of laboratory research, the doctor will appoint a comprehensive treatment.

Based on the standards of treatment and reviews on patient forums, you have a list of drugs used for treatment.

Antibiotics under cervicite. Good reviews received a drug azithromycin, which is called Sumamed, especially its use is allowed in pregnant women. For the treatment of acute and purulent cervicitis, fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin), tetracycline antibiotics are also used. Chlamydial cervicitis is treated with azithromycin in combination with local processing of dimexide or chlorophyllip mysroof.

Crancitis candles: Hexicon, Terezhinan, Polizinaks, Metronidazole.

Popular disease disease

The essence of folk methods is to eliminate the consequences of the disease and strengthen the body's protective forces. Use decoctions of anti-inflammatory herbs: chamomiles, oak bark, sage in the form of douching and tampons. Use folk remedies Only after the treatment appointed by the doctor.

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The most interesting on the topic

What it is? Cervicitis of cervicals - this is inflammation of the cervix, if you say short simple language. But, not everything is so simple - let's consider the question in detail.

Due to the peculiarities of the structure of the cervix and mucosa, a protective barrier between the vagina and the inner cavity of the uterus is formed inside the cerulmony. When inflammation in the uterine neck appears under the action of certain factors, a diagnosis of cervicitis is set.

It has been established that such inflammation can be both in the outer (vaginal) segment of the neck - extocerevicitis, and in the inner, facing the uterus, part of the cervical - endocervicitis. Pathology is most common among young women and middle-aged women (about 2/3 of cases), somewhat less often the symptoms of cervicitis of the cervicals are found in the menopausal period.

Causes of Cervicita

The inflammation of the internal or outer section of the cervix occurs after the penetration of infection into the mucous membrane. Pathogenic microflora (chlamydia, gonococci, treponama, trichomonas, genital herpes viruses, human papillomas) falls into the cervix by sexual path; Conditional pathogenic microbes (staphylococci, streptococci, mushrooms, intestinal wand) penetrate blood or lymph from other organs (for example, rectum).

To the facilitating occurrence of Cervicitis, factors include any diseases and conditions under which the total and local (vaginal) resistance is reduced:

• urogenital sexual transmission infection;
• cervical breaks in childbirth;
• abortions, scraping of the uterus;
• early sexual activity, a frequent sentence of partners;
• non-compliance with the rules of intimate hygiene, improper use of tampons, napkins, wearing intrauterine spiral over time;
• allergies for contraceptive preparations (on latex, spermicides);
• (violation of the function of ovarian, thyroid gland, pituitary gland);
• autoimmune and rheumatic diseases;
• immunodeficiency after severe infections, against HIV.

In an isolated form, cervicitis is extremely rare, more often combined with other diseases of the genital organs: colpit, pseudo-erosions, bartolinite, etc.

In the duration of the flow, the acute and chronic cervicitis of the cervical cervix is \u200b\u200bisolated, according to the degree of lesion - focal and diffuse forms. Acute cervicitis is manifested by itching in the vagina, burning in urination, pain in the sacrum area and the abdominal at the bottom of the abdomen, blood surveillance after sexual intercourse.

Vaginal discharge, depending on the pathogen, can be purulent and abundant (under Honorian Cervicitis) or scarce and invisible (when), but almost always they are accompanied by an unpleasant odor and uncomfortable feelings.

With an erased or chronic form of cervicitis, signs and symptoms will be expressed insignificantly. The character of the discharge - mucus is more pervascular. There is an increase in the number of vaginal white for several days after menstruation and the appearance of bleeding inclusions after sexual interchanges.

The diagnosis of cervicitis does not represent difficulties - it can make any gynecologist after inspection of the cervix with mirrors and detecting areas of altered mucosa with redness, swelling, ulceration, purulent overlap. A more accurate picture can be seen with colposcopy when pathological changes are displayed on a large monitor.

At the next stage of diagnostics, it is necessary to find out the reason that led to the development of inflammation of the cervix. For this, the following studies are carried out:

• microscopy smear;
• tuck. After the flora smear and sensitivity to antibiotics;
• ELISA and to determine the pathogen;
• histological study of the bioptate of the cervix;
• determining the level of estrogen and progesterone hormones.

Only a gynecologist can choose the treatment diagram of the cervicitis and the duration of the course of the disease, data on the causative agent, as well as the individual patient health features. There are several general stages in the treatment of cervicitis:

1. Elimination of the cause - antibiotics (doxycycline, rovamycin, Sumamed, Maksquin), antiviral (acyclovir, anticherine immunoglobulin), antifungal agents (flukonazole) are prescribed.

Not shown in the sharp stage in the diagnosis of "bacterial cervicitis" local treatment: Candles and ointments do not penetrate the deep layers of the epithelium, where the main focus of inflammation is located, and can contribute to the upward spread of infection.

Therefore, drugs are prescribed systemically (in the form of injections, tablets). When identifying the disease with sexual transmission, the partner of the woman is needed.

2. Surgical removal of the altered mucosa of the uterus (used only in chronic cervicitis) - apply cryodestruction, laser and therapy, electro-adaging.

3. Restoration of the normal vaginal flora (tampons with antiseptics, candles with lactic acid bacteria).

4. Align the hormonal background - oral contraceptives are selected, candles with estrogens are prescribed.

5. Increased local immunity - magnetotherapy, vaginal mud tampons, electrophoresis.

6. Improving general immunity - vitamins, immunomodulators.

Complications of cervicitis cervix

In the absence of timely treatment of the inflammatory disease of the cervix (cervicitis), erosions, cysts and infiltrates, tissue seal occurs, the infection spreads to the upper sections of the sexual system.

Against the background of chronic inflammation, hazardous complications may develop in the form of a disorder of the structure of organs (ectropion), malignant tumors, the usual non-penny of pregnancy.

Cervicitis during pregnancy

Inflammation of the cervix during pregnancy can be a serious problem as for future momand for her baby. On the early timing The frequency of pregnancy interrupt and infection in amniotic fluid increases, which may cause a disruption of the development of the fetus.

For the second half of pregnancy, there is a danger of placental insufficiency and premature births.

During the generic activity, the risks of traumatic breaks of the cervical cervical and infection of the child are enhanced by passing the genital tract in women with a diagnosis of cervicitis of the cervix. Treatment during pregnancy is carried out with the help of drugs, as safe as possible for the fetus (Summen, Ceftriaxone).

In order to avoid the negative impact of the cervicitis of the cervix during pregnancy, gynecologists advise to approach their health at the planning stage: a woman and her sexual partner should be examined and treated before conception.

Since the vulva, the vagina and the cervix form a single ecosystem, then cervicitis Rarely come isolated. Often they are combined with vulvitis, vaginitis, and sometimes with salpingooforites and endometritis.

The cervix is \u200b\u200bthe third biological barrier in the biological protection of the sexual system of women from infections. Protection is ensured by the narrowness of the cervical canal and the presence of a secrecy of the secret, which contains a large number of immunity factors and has a bactericidal effect.

Causes of Cervicitov

Conditions violating barrier protection mechanisms:

• the cervical breaks that cause the gaping of the outer seva or the occurrence of ectropion, which disrupts the bactericidal properties of the cervical mucus, as well as the narrowness of the cervical canal;
• uncontrolled use of disinfectants that destroy the saprophitic autofloro vagina;
• intrauterine contraceptives
• improper use of tampons that adsorb blood and create optimal conditions for rapid reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms.

The emergence of inflammatory processes contribute:

• extgazenital pathology, including disruption of metabolism;
• chronic infections;
• the pitipofunction of the ovaries;
• stressful states.

Classification of cervicitis

Localization distinguish:

• exocervicitis (damage to the vaginal segment of the cervix);
• endocervicitis (The defeat of the inner shell of the cervical canal of the cervix).

On clinical flow allocate acute and chronic cervicitis, by type of defeat - focal and diffuse.

In acute flow, the patient has abundant mucous-purulent discharge, less frequently stupid pain at the bottom of the abdomen, swelling and hyperemia of the cervix, minor hemorrhages and even possible erosive damage to the mucous membrane. Often, cervicitis occurs in an erased form in the absence of pronounced symptoms. In this case, he is detected at the inspection of the gynecologist.

Exocerevicitis, which was not timely identified and treated in an acute stage, goes into a protracted chronic process. Allocations become muddy-mucous. It is possible that involvement in the pathological process and mucous membrane of the cervical canal, with the development of proliferative changes that can have localization near the external zea and erroneously taken for small polyps, as well as resemble the pseudo-erosion of the cervix. Also, inflammation can spread to the surrounding tissues with the formation of a cyst.

Cervicitis distinguish:

• nonspecific (caused conditional pathogenic florawhich can be in small quantities in the vagina of a healthy woman, but in the event of a concomitant additional risk factors, this flora can become pathogenic and cause an inflammatory process);
• specific (caused by the pathogens of sex infections. The most frequent are chlamydia trachushatis, mycoplasma genitalium, georrea neasery, trichomonade Vagynis, pale treponema, koch wand, east herpes virus, human papilloma virus).

Recently, the number of cervicites associated with a mixed infection has increased, which is extremely severely treated due to developing resistance to antibiotics and immunity disorders. At the same time, the most often to identify with chronic inflammation of the cervical gram-negative and gram-positive bond-anaerobic microorganisms, and intestinal wand, protea, klebseyella, enterococci is often revealed.

Cervicitis is a pathological process, which is characterized by inflammation in the lower segment of the uterus. Combined with vaginite, vulvit and other diseases inherent in the female reproductive system.

The main cause of cervicitis is infected with viruses, pathogenic microbes that are transmitted by sexual path.

The inflammatory process of the mucous meal begins due to the falling pathogenic organisms into the vagina, as a result, the thick mucus is diluted, ceases to protect the epithelium structure. The infection breeds and actively applies to the cervix. Over time, the pathogenic medium penetrates inside the uterus, on the bladder, appendages, kidneys.

The development of cervicitis contributes:

• Prior infection of HPV ,;
• Irritation that can manifest itself due to the reception of contraceptives, use of hygiene;
• Allergic reaction in the microflora of the vagina on latex, artificial lubricant, hygiene;
• Weakened immune system due to other diseases, the omission of the cervix;
• Injuries obtained in the process of abortion and childbirth;
• Climax period.

Symptoms

Acute cervicitis is characterized by abundant selection of white with an admixture of pus. Accompanied by pain, itching and burning, which when urine becomes stronger. The urinary cue is unproductive and frequent. The pain, cutting concentrates at the bottom of the abdomen, reminds menstrual.

The main symptoms of cervicitis arising for diseases:

• - frequent and painful urination;
• Inflammation in the cervix and adnexite - elevated temperature (more than 37 degrees);
• - Yellow selection under cervicitis;
• - not abundant, colorless, having an unpleasant smell;
• - foam; Candidiasis - consistency of rolled milk;
• Pseudo-erosion - meager discharge with blood and blood intake after sexual intercourse.

All symptoms are exacerbated after menstruation, it is this fact that is a distinctive characteristic.

Chronic cervicitis is characterized by a weak manifestation of clinical symptoms or their complete absence.

During this period, the displacement of endocervix cells for the outer ZEV (pseudo-erosion) is formed, the selection of muddy (in rare cases with Motion), inflammation is weak. The swelling and redness can spread to neighboring fabrics, the cervix is \u200b\u200bcompacted, nasty cysts are formed, infiltrates.

Classification

In addition to the acute and chronic stage there are several varieties of this disease. The symptoms are most often similar, but the identification of the type of illness is necessary to pass the necessary treatment, which is different because of various pathogens provoked one or another type of inflammation.

Nonspecific

It appears due to conditionally pathogenic microflora:, enterococcus, staphylococcus, streptococcus. Symptoms are similar to the typical manifestation of the disease, the type of discharge is caused by the pathogen, the painful sensations are rare, acute character decreases.

Purulent

The pathogenic process applies to the outer part of the lower segment of the uterus. Provocoses the purulent cervicitis of the disease Gonokokk, a stick of trachomas ,. To reveal the purulent cervicitis, it is necessary to use laboratory special methods: a polymer chain reaction, bacteriological sowing.

Therapy includes the reception of antobacterial medicines, which should be used by sexual partners together. The attending physician appoints treatment immediately after the examination, without waiting for analyzes, later the course of therapy is adjusted.

Atrophic

It appears in the period of decrease in the formation of estrogen (the process of physiological aging). Insufficiency of female sex hormones contributes to changes in the processes that occur in the vaginal epithelium. Medium acidity, microflora protective functions decrease. Such an environment is favorable for the growth of pathogenic microbes.

Atrophic cervicitis is most often an age-related disease. The thinning of the mucous membrane occurs, accompanied by the appearance of an ulcer, the focus of inflammation. Atrophic inflammation may arise due to traumatic manipulations due to violation of the structure of cervical passage or natural labor.

To identify this type of disease, the smear takes, according to its characteristics, determine the form, degree of inflammatory process. Treatment is the passage of hormone therapy.

Lymphocytic

The nature of the disease is asymptomatic, relevant for women during menopause. In the process, follicular formations are formed. If a lymphocytic form has been revealed to undergo a partial examination for refutation (confirmation) of a malignant tumor - lymphosarcoma.

Cystic

The shape of the cervicitis with the concomitant formation of a cyst (benign species) in the cervical zone. The cause of cystic inflammation is the blockage of the mucous glazed glazes, their further distribution.

Viral

Inflammation appears on the background of infection of HPV, herpes, human virus. The disease does not have special characteristics and damn, so it is difficult to recognize, confirmed in the laboratory.

In men

Cervicitis in men is rare. It is manifested by inflammation of extreme flesh, glands, eggs, seed bubbles. Classified on specific and nonspecific. The reason for the appearance of a specific form is due to the fall in the body of pathogenic organisms.

Diagnostics

The gynecologist examines the foci of inflammation, detecting the increase in the coating of the cylindrical epithelium, the sections of hemorrhage, the swelling of the vaginal walls, the genital organs located outside. In case of infection, it is possible to observe the discharges that are specific in color, structure and abundance.

The smear is a reception that allows to detect pathogenic organisms, leukocyte levels (excess testifies to inflammation).

The doctor takes a smear from the cervix to study under a microscope. Cytology also contributes to the detection of cancer cells. The assembled analysis is sowned to the nutrient medium, this procedure helps to determine the type of disease, which pathogenic organisms it is caused by (chlamydia, mycoplasma, virus) and identify its resistance to the antibacterial preparation.

Sowing allows you to competently and most effectively compile the course of therapy.

Pathological foci on the cervix appears in chronic inflammation, they are detected using iodine solution treatment. It is necessary, the procedure allows us to consider the large-scale image of the cervical shell and reveal microtraums, malignant cells. Chronic Cervicitis implies the scraping of the canal between the neck and the uterus, study the composition of the cells. To eliminate possible tumors, cellular material is examined by ultrasound.

Treatment

First, sources are revealed and eliminated, which provoked cervicitis, treatment with the use of metronidazole, aciclovir, diplyucan, terjinana. Hormonal medicines (chronic cervicitis) are used. The microflora of the vagina is adjusted thanks to the use of eubiotics and immunocorrectors. If erosion is necessary to go through the procedure of cryotherapy, laser therapy after the elimination of inflammation.

Preparations

The strategy of therapy has a direct dependence on the identified factor of the disease:

• Fungal defeat - use inside, candles with econazol and natamycin tablets in the vagina.
• Bacterial infection - use antibiotics at Cervicitis (neomycin candles, metronidazole); anti-inflammatory and antibacterial medicines (TERJIN); After eliminating inflammation, apply special candles with beneficial components to resume normal microflora activities.
• Atrophic inflammation - the use of suppositories, which contains an estrilla.
• Chlamydial infection - sharing and tetracycline, not less than three weeks.

Folk remedies

Ingredients: 20 g of Pijmas, Juniper, Sage, Birch Kidneys, 10 g of Olkhovy cones, yarrow, eucalyptus. 2 tbsp. l. brew glass boiling water, disappear 10 min., Insist 30 min., Strap. Drink 70 ml 3 times after meals, from 4 weeks.

Complications

The possible consequences of cervicitis include the erosion of the cervical, the spread of infection to other organs, inflammation of glands, which are on the eve of the vagina, inflammation of the appendages, malignant neoplasm of the region of the cervix, risk.

Cervicitis during pregnancy is fraught with miscarriage, premature births, transmitting infection to the fetus, complications of the field of labor. For the treatment of pregnant women, azithromycin is used, medicines assigned individually by the doctor.

Prevention

Cervicitis sex is accompanied by discomfort if it does not and inflammation is not connected with - sexual relationship is allowed.

To prevent the inflammation of the cervix, you must visit the doctor once every six months, correctly use contraception, eliminate the cervix breaks, do not have sex with more than one partner, strengthen the immune system.

Content

Cervicitis is one of the most frequently diagnosed background diseases in the field of gynecology. Despite the fact that this pathology does not affect the threat of life, it is able to significantly worsen the quality of life of a woman.

Cervicitis is a inflammatory process that develops in the vaginal part of the cervix. The disease is not always manifested by pronounced symptoms, which contributes to the transition of the active phase into a chronic current. A long sluggish cervicitis can lead to the formation of ectopia and hypertrophy of the cervical part of the uterus. In addition, chronic cervicitis often leads to the development of adnexitis and other inflammatory processes in the reproductive sphere in women.

The cervix resembles a narrow cylindrical tube up to four centimeters long and a width of about two centimeters. It connects the uterine body and vagina with a cervical canal, which takes place in its center. The cable channel is quite narrow and contains glands producing mucus. This mucus helps the cervix to protect the function and prevent the spread of infection by the rising path from the vagina.

Unlike the vagina, the uterus cavity is sterile. The penetration of infection can cause various inflammatory processes and infertility.

Under the influence of adverse factors, the protective function of the cervix is \u200b\u200bbroken. As a result, the pathogenic flora penetrates the cervical canal, causing the development of endocervicitis. If inflammation is observed in the vaginal segment, they are talking about the development of extocerevicitis.

Cervicitis can occur in different types. Depending on the activity of the pathological process and the severity of its symptoms, cervicitis distinguishes during a certain time:

• acute;
• chronic.

The chronic form of cervicitis is a consequence of untreated acute inflammation and is difficult to treat. In some cases, doctors treat such pathology to surgical way.

Cervicitis develops due to the damage to the tissue of the cervix with various pathogenic microorganisms. Depending on the nature of the microflora leading to inflammation of the cervix, two varieties of cervicitis are distinguished.

• Nonspecific. Such a type of disease is caused by a conditional pathogenic microflora cervix. Most often, with a non-specific Cervicitis, such microorganisms are revealed as staphylococcus, streptococcus, candidate mushrooms, intestinal wand, which fall into the cervical area along with blood and lymph.

Such microflora refers to a conditional pathogenic due With the fact that it is often present on the mucous membranes in minor quantities. However, under adverse conditions, conditionally pathogenic microorganisms are activated, causing expressed symptoms of inflammation.

• Specific. This type of microorganisms include chlamydia, ureaplasma and mycoplasma, HPV, herpes, CMV, Gonokokki. Infection occurs mainly by sexual way.

According to the degree of damage to the mucous, the cervicitis is distinguished:

• focal;
• diffuse.

Cervicitus needs a timely treatment, which is prescribed depending on the specific pathogen who caused the disease.

Causes and factors

Cervicitis occurs when the conditionally pathogenic and specific microflora is activated. However, the inflammatory process develops, the effect of the following negative factors is necessary:

• traumatization of the cervical tissues in the process of abortion, scraping, childbirth, installation of intrauterine spirals and pessary;
• neoplasms of the cervical part, which are benign;
• the weakening of the protective forces of the body;
• concomitant gynecological pathologies, such as ectopia, vaginitis or bartolinite;
• indiscriminate sex life;
• long use of local contraception.

Most women with diagnosed Cervicitis are in reproductive age. Nevertheless, the development of the disease and representatives after menopause has not been excluded. If the treatment of the disease is absent, it is possible to occur polyps, ectopia and adhesitis.

Treatment of pathology is of particular importance during pregnancy. This period is characterized by a physiological decrease in immunity, Which often leads to the exacerbation of many diseases, including Cervicitis. Doctors are necessarily treated with cervicitis in pregnant women due to the risk of infection of the accumulative shells, the fetus itself, the threat of miscarriage, premature labor.

Clinical manifestations

Symptomatics under cervicitis is often absent. In general, the intensity of manifestations of the disease is influenced by the shape of the flow of cervicitis, which can be both acute and chronic.

Acute cervicitis proceeds with severe symptoms.

• Isolation of a pathological nature. Often women are concerned with abundant mucous membranes or purulent discharges that may have an unpleasant smell.
• Pain. Under acute form there may be a stupid pain in the bottom of the abdomen. Under the defeat of the bladder infections, urethritis and cystitis can develop.
• A feeling of discomfort. Often, a woman has itching, tingling in the vagina.

Among the visual signs of the acute form of Cervicitis can be allocated:

• tissue swelling;
• hyperemia outside the cervical canal;
• swelling of the mucous;
• plots with hemorrhage or ulceration.

If women are not treated in a timely manner Disease, acute form goes into chronic.

In the chronic state, the symptoms are embresented, exacerbating when influencing adverse factors. Unusual discharge can be systematically observed, painful urination and light discomfort in the field of genitals. During the gynecological examination, insignificant solidity and growth of the tissue of the uterine mucosa tissue are diagnosed, as well as the substitution of the epithelium.

Manifestations under Cervicitis directly depend on the causative agent, which caused the disease. For example, Gonorrhea is always accompanied by sharp symptoms, while chlamydia has a hidden current. When infected with the sex herpes virus, the cervix is \u200b\u200bcovered with characteristic ulcers, and HPV contributes to the formation of formations on the mucous membrane.

Symptoms of cervicitis are similar to the signs of many gynecological pathologies. To make the right diagnosis and appointment of adequate treatment, a woman should contact a gynecologist.

Diagnostic methods

Since cervicitis is distinguished by asymptomatic progression, often the disease is detected in the chronic stage. Treatment in such cases is often ineffective. The detection of cervicitis at the beginning of the disease most often occurs randomly. Diagnosis of the disease is directed not only for the formulation of a specific diagnosis, but also to determine the reasons for the inflammatory process.

You can identify cervicitis using basic diagnostic methods.

• Visual examination of the gynecologist on the chair. In the process of gynecological examination, the doctor uses a gynecological mirror, which allows you to see the change characteristic of the disease: swelling, abundance, expressed color, growing and formation of cervix.
• Colposcopy. This is an additional research method recommended in the presence of structural changes in the mucousa. For the diagnosis of background and precancerous diseases, an extended variety of colposcopy is carried out using special solutions. These substances are applied to the cervix in order to obtain a colposcopic picture of certain pathologies.

• Oncocytology. Such a study is a stroke to determine the atypical cells and the inflammatory process. The chronic process is indicated by changing the shape of cylindrical cells.
• General smear. The laboratory method refers to basic diagnostics and is performed for evaluating vaginal microflora. In the acute variety of pathology, an increased concentration of lymphocytes is observed, which is from 30 units.

• Bacterial sowing. The analysis involves an expanded type of smear for the diagnosis of microorganisms inhabiting the vagina.
• PCR - research. This diagnosis is necessary to identify pathogenic microflora, which causes a specific cervicitis.

Doctors treat infection with various antibacterial drugs. In order for the treatment to be effective and suitable for a specific strain of microorganism, it is advisable to analyze the sensitivity to antibiotics.

• Ultrasound vaginal sensor. Diagnostics allows you to visualize the structural changes in the cervix, which are observed in pathology.

The survey is appointed individually depending on the anamnesis, clinical picture and patient complaints.

Treatment

In modern gynecology, cervicitis is treated with different tactics. Treatment is aimed at eliminating provoking inflammation of the factor and concomitant diseases of infectious nature.

Pathology is treated:

• conservatively;
• surgically.

Conservative therapy implies the reception of various drugs and procedures. Cervicitis treat:

• antibacterial agents;
• antiviral drugs;
• antifungal drugs;
• immunostimulants and immunomodulators;
• vitamin and mineral complexes;
• hormone therapy;
• antiseptics;
• physiotherapy.

Conservative treatment implies an integrated approach. Of particular importance is the simultaneous treatment of both sexual partners, compliance with all the recommendations of the doctor.

Cervicitis appears due to the reduction of immunity, in connection with this, pathology is also treated with full nutrition and moderate physical activity. After treatment, it is necessary to restore the vagina microflora with special preparations.

Chronic cervicitis is often treated in a surgical way.

• Diathermokuagula. The method is used mainly in the patients who give birth and implies the use of electric current.
• Cryotherapy. Intervention is carried out with liquid nitrogen, which marks pathological tissues.
• Laser therapy. Treatment implies the use of a dosage laser beam in women of different age groups.

Surgical treatment is carried out after medication therapy. The woman does not treat surgically when identifying an active inflammatory process and sex infections. A month after treatment, its effectiveness is monitored. The patient is recommended to perform a laboratory study, to pass a colposcopy and a common gynecological examination.

To avoid relapses, it is necessary to comply with prevention measures:

• comply with the rules of intimate hygiene;
• use a barrier prevention method;
• avoid random sexual relations and surgical interventions;
• timely treat genital infections.

In the occurrence of symptoms of the gynecological disease, it is necessary to contact the doctor in a timely manner in order to pass the necessary surveillance.