Representatives of the BRT RUS design organization (customer: ZAO Patriot - Engineering (GK Inteko)) noted the advantages of the updated series of RBTA residential buildings as flexible apartment design, which allows building an almost addressable set of apartments; a variety of facade solutions, which makes it easy to navigate in a residential yard; universal types of residential sections, from which you can assemble almost any type of urban planning; modern factory and construction technologies that allow you to implement almost any architectural solution.
The presented sections form three modern types of quarters with sizes from 80 to 100 meters. The first is formed by towers, the second has an internal area and the third is an open quarter, which demonstrates the possibilities of turning and corner sections. All the first floors along the streets have been made public. A single level is provided inside the courtyard to eliminate obstacles for people with limited mobility.
Already today, the plant produces original details that make it possible to make the facades more diverse - these are any types of gratings, reliefs, drawings in combination with architectural concrete, etc.
According to Evgenia Murinets, head of the Archcouncil Department, BRT RUS projects meet almost all modern criteria, except for the point concerning the variety of facade plastics within one section. According to the designers, this is assumed only in the series of housing "comfort", where the façade itself and the loggias can be displaced relative to each other much wider.
A matrix of various apartments with a wide floor pitch from 6 to 8 meters allows you to change the apartment layout every year in accordance with the needs of the population, creating the most demanded housing. Latitudinal sections include all possible variety of planning solutions, meridional ones are slightly less flexible, but they also provide options such as, for example, studio apartments. Also, a swivel and universal corner section has been created, which can be used in both conventional and "mirror" versions.
Three types of quarters were taken as the basis for urban planning decisions - the tower type, the Barcelona quarter with a cut-off corner, which allows the formation of an inner area, and an open-ended quarter with mid-rise open buildings and an inner courtyard space. The courtyard is designed in one level, without additional ramps and stairs, which greatly facilitates the movement of people with limited mobility. All ground floors, varying in height from 4 to 5.5 meters, are occupied by public functions.
Residential house series TA-714-001
The design organization "TERRA AURI", working with the company "Glavmosstroy", presented a project for the perimeter building of the site with offset sections with a height of 6-17 floors. Residential sections have a meridian and latitudinal orientation. Most of the apartments have two-sided orientation or are corner. Entrances to public areas located on the side of district streets and boulevards. Stained-glass glazing of the first floors in the first floor is provided. On the basis of one engineering scheme, the variability of the flooring solutions is provided.
Facade options using architectural concrete with different color solutions, as well as the placement of groups of balconies of different colors in different places of the facade allows for very individual architectural solutions. In addition, the panel-frame series assumes a complete absence of load-bearing structures inside the apartment.
It is proposed to use architectural concrete for finishing. different colors and different kinds tiles. All this, together with the beat-down rhythm of the windows, the changing pattern of the walls and specially provided vertical niches under the decorative grill, where the air conditioners will be hidden, creates an attractive housing, not much like a panel one.
“For many years, one of the main aesthetic and functional claims of the owners and potential buyers of typical housing was the inconvenient layout of apartments, which is often not amenable to change, low ceilings, a significant loss of usable space by interior corridors, the monotony of houses and the lack of necessary infrastructure within walking distance. We have taken into account and eliminated these shortcomings in the new TA-714-001 series of residential buildings. Various facade solutions, free layout of apartments, high ceilings - 2.75 m, the possibility of organizing social and commercial premises on the ground floors - these are just the main advantages of our proposed new prefabricated panel-frame series of multi-apartment residential buildings of repeated use. ", - said Irina Rimashevskaya, head of the architectural studio "Terra Auri".
The technology of panel housing construction will be in demand for many years to come, since it is constantly being modernized, which means to one degree or another meets the requirements of the Russian real estate market. Of course, for this big city, like Moscow, where the main building resources are concentrated, this is not such an obvious statement, but if we consider it on a national scale, it is difficult to satisfy the need for housing only by individual monolithic and brick houses, which significantly lag behind in terms of construction and are more expensive compared to a typical panel.
For example, the north of Russia is in great need of new series industrial buildings. There are entire cities of Soviet-era houses that are completely outdated morally and physically. Interest in new technologies housing construction will be shown by raw materials, including oil companies, which need to provide their employees with housing. It is important to note here that climatic conditions impose practically no restrictions on the operation of new generation houses. Except for the requirements for special planning of buildings for areas with high seismicity.
Thus, with the help of a modernized panel house building, which is based on ensuring greater freedom for architectural planning solutions, improving the quality of the construct, reducing the cost of building and operating buildings, it is possible to solve not only the problem of a shortage of housing stock, but also to give a new impetus to the development of commercial real estate.
At the initiative of the Moscow government, a working group of the Moscow Committee for Architecture and Development was created to develop standard projects panel houses new generation. Among its participants are major market players in Moscow and the Moscow region - DSK-1, DSK-2, DSK-3, Glavmosstroy, some of them even managed to present truly revolutionary ideas in the field of industrial housing construction, which will be able to compare housing class with business class. The only difference will remain in the footage of apartments and the location of the building.
The unconditional advantage of panel housing construction is the optimal price-quality ratio, as well as the ability to quickly and in large volumes to build residential buildings. First of all, this is due to the fact that prefabricated structures for panel houses are manufactured in the factory, in a highly mechanized and automated production, which allows minimizing "wet processes" at the construction site, and therefore the influence of the "human factor" on reducing the quality of construction. As a result, the construction time and the cost of such houses are significantly reduced in comparison with monolithic frame and brick ones.
From a practical point of view, the leading industry organizations are actively creating technological lines for prefabricated structures, which make it possible to build high-quality residential buildings of various storeys and planning forms with individual architecture.
Moreover, modern technological and construction solutions make it possible to design the first floors for commercial infrastructure in advance and place an underground parking in the panel building.
As for the shortcomings of panel housing of the Soviet and post-perestroika periods, it makes no sense to list them - we all know about them firsthand. For example, long time among the minuses, it was possible to note poor sound insulation, thermal insulation and interpanel seams. However, seamless facade finishing technologies are already being used today. Thanks to them, there are no interpanel seams on the houses, which, in turn, has a positive effect not only on the heat and energy saving of the object, eliminating leaks and freezing of the joints of the outer walls, but also improves its aesthetic characteristics through the use of various colors and architectural solutions.
If we draw an analogy between new panel housing with standard series of twenty years ago, then they differ significantly in their characteristics. Firstly, apartments in buildings built using modern industrial technology have a large area, ceiling heights and an improved layout. In addition, the quality of the surface finish is so refined.
Secondly, transformations in panel housing construction took place in the external appearance of buildings: the choice of finishing techniques in the design of facades has significantly expanded. Thirdly, such houses meet modern safety, energy efficiency and durability requirements. To radically reduce heat and electricity losses in buildings, an integrated approach is used, including: insulation of facades and roofs, installation of modern electrical networks, inter-house wiring, metering sensors, apartment metering systems for heat energy and water consumption, plastic structures with sealed glass units, collectors.
Special attention should be paid to the “smart home” system, which implies the use of automation to control all engineering systems - heating, ventilation and lighting in public places.
Among the latest innovations is the use of a ventilation system with a heat recuperator, which significantly reduces the cost of heat and power supply to the building. Among other things, modern windows, which reduce heat losses by 15-20%, help to save energy.
Fourth, the allocation of the first floors of houses for non-residential (commercial) premises, in particular, for shops, pharmacies, fitness clubs and banks. Here, as a mandatory requirement for all residential buildings, there is a landscaped open area with children's and sports grounds. As well as creating comfortable living conditions for people with disabilities For example, the elevator zone is located on the same level as the lobby, which allows people in wheelchairs to get to any floor of the house without any difficulties.
An important role is also given to the aesthetic characteristics of residential buildings: they must be multifunctional, harmonious and have their own image. In short, diversity should be a key theme in industrial housing construction.
A series of residential buildings "RIK" and "NAD"
DSK No. 1 OJSC and Ricardo Bofill's bureau (Spain) presented a revised series of residential buildings “RIK” and “NAD”. Last time, the comments to these series from the Archcouncil concerned the variability of facade solutions in terms of plastics. Series "RIK" and "NAD" presuppose combinations of different options for facade finishing and blocking of sections, taking into account the possibility of displacing them relative to each other. Variety is achieved by using colors and patterns of tiles, changing the color of the window joinery. Facade plastic can also be changed by adding hinged balconies.
However, speaking about the parsimony of expressive means in these series, Sergey Kuznetsov noted - "There is some rigidity here, but this is the author's move, this certain lapidary decision is the architect's choice"... The designers were advised to attach to the materials a palette of possible colors in the decoration of the facades. Stimmann admitted that he was deeply sympathetic to this project, but with the obvious variable number of storeys, it seems irrational for the architect not to use roofs for arranging terraces. Vladimir Plotkin was upset that wall panels with the same type of window were used, which limits the architectural possibilities. Alexander Kudryavtsev called this project the most ascetic among all the presented ones.
According to Evgenia Murinets, this project does not fully implement the principle of flexible planning within the section. But the authors of this particular version, according to the member of the Archcouncil Andrey Bokov, are “the first team that set the planning task and coped with it,” presenting both the internal and external space of the streets.
Ricardo Bofill designed the RIC series (named after him). The architect proposed 120 facade colors. At the same time, the building is characterized by straight forms, it is easy to install, since the panels have increased in size - one step is 7.2 meters. In addition, windows and other architectural attributes have been updated. We have already completed the installation of the experimental house in the 11th quarter of Nekrasovka.
We developed the NAD series with Alexander Valentinovich Nadysev, a famous Russian architect, head of workshop No. 1 of JSC MNIITEP. House of this series, in my opinion, is more commercial, there are two bathrooms in apartments, in "three-room" and "kopeck piece" - a new layout, a large hall.
The main difference between these houses lies in their appearance: the classic, somewhat ascetic facade of "RIK" and more saturated with architectural elements "NAD".
Structural and planning solutions of the new series do not imply great flexibility within the sections. There are strict restrictions on the placement of bathrooms, kitchens, adjoining the staircase and elevator nodes. Flexibility within the sections can only be achieved by changing the set of apartments at different levels. This is achieved due to various types of block sections - latitudinal, rotary, meridian, end, with different apartmentography.
A series of residential buildings DSK "Grad"
DSK Grad and the design organization Morton presented to the Archcouncil the revised project “Block Supreme”. The project meets all of the above criteria, in particular, it implements the principles of "correct" first floors: a two-sided lobby group, the possibility of bringing the garbage chute to the external or courtyard facade, free layout and variable height of non-residential premises.
The technology, according to the designers, makes it possible to implement not just variants of painted facades, but a truly artistic approach to the formation of the development of streets, courtyard spaces and the creation of a highly informative environment.
The designers also tried to abandon the "thermometers" - monotonous columns of glazed loggias and replaced them with a variety of window openings and glazing, which can be shifted relative to each other floor by floor.
Particular attention in the project is paid to the first non-residential floors, which are intended for public use and vary in height. Their entrance groups are oriented both towards the street and into the courtyard. Car parks are organized along the main buildings and in the gaps between block blocks. The movement of cars in the courtyard is prohibited.
"We have chosen the European, German path, this is a complete rejection of the concept of a series and a transition to simply repeating projects.", - the authors noted in their speech. The technology allows us to satisfy any architectural delights and wishes of developers, and the main task of the plant is the production of individual products. In addition to the project under consideration, five project proposals are already being developed, which are different versions a new residential building, each of which is distinguished by a facade solution made with the use of painted concrete, tiles, glass and other materials. Various building structures are also possible - reinforced concrete, frame, transom system, etc.
The presented work seemed to Andrey Gnezdilov quite finished, finished project, in which it will be difficult to change something. At the same time, certain planning decisions raise questions and clearly need to be improved. The authors explained that in any case, changes to the project will still be made, and all comments will be taken into account. Andrey Bokov, on the contrary, highlighted the presented work: "This is the only team that clearly set the planning task and coped with it"... Hans Stimmann did not like the air conditioning solution, which he says resembles a "skin disease". But this is an individual aesthetic perception, but as for specific shortcomings, here it is worth paying attention to the fact that planning solution does not allow a person to get directly from his car into the entrance. This, Stimmann is sure, is strategically wrong and is only suitable for a small village development, but not for the capital.
A series of residential buildings "DOMMOS"
Design solutions were developed for the own technological lines of two plants of the HC "GVSU-Center". The designers presented about seven block sections - three ordinary and four corner ones for 6-9-storey buildings. Here, the possibility of variability in the layout of apartments is provided due to the use of an increased step of internal load-bearing walls new panels up to 6.6 meters, as well as the possibility of a different set of apartments on standard floors within seven block sections.
DOMMOS panel houses are manufactured on modern and fully robotic equipment of the German company SOMMER using automatic lines for the production of welded mesh and volumetric frames from EVG (Austria) and AWM (Italy).
In the basic version, the wall slabs are clad with high-quality clinker tiles from the German company "ABC-Keramik". The production process is fully robotized. The output is a panel with the exact geometry of the elements, which has permissible errors in the parameters of no more than 1 mm. The high quality of the surface of the product (class A2-A3) allows at the end of installation to carry out Finishing work excluding wet processes. From the outside of the building, an ideal surface of the future facade of the building is formed with a gap at the junction of the panels of no more than 1 cm; there are no irregularities and other defects caused by the risks of manual production. The technology makes it possible to change the color and size of the applied clinker tiles in the order corresponding to the architectural concept. The automated process for the production of panels allows you to implement any design solutions on the design of facades, significantly reducing the time of facade work.
High manufacturability of panel production with minimal use of manual labor ensures the high quality of each element of the system, creating conditions for high rates of installation of structures at the construction site. Construction of panel houses DOMMOS, depending on the number of storeys, will take from 6 to 12 months.
In order to diversify the plasticity of the facades, various compositional methods of dividing the surfaces of the building volumes horizontally and vertically were used in combination with various types exterior decoration... The textured concrete surface is used in combination with clinker tiles of various colors. The painting of concrete surfaces in bulk is combined with an imitation of the volumetric joining of surfaces in order to visually escape from the uniformity of typical elements of external enclosing surfaces.
Provided urban planning flexibility of building planning due to the displacement of the block sections relative to each other.
Andrei Gnezdilov, discussing the project, noticed that the roof fencing in the form of wall panels looks like a temporary, intermediate proposal, understandable only at the construction stage, but not in the finished house. Gnezdilov also saw flaws in the layouts of the apartments - for example, a bathroom located at the entrance to the apartment, and not next to the bedroom, which does not meet modern standards. It was also noted that snow and water will accumulate on numerous protruding elements of the facade in winter. The authors replied that the presented decision is not final and will still be refined.
More than 95% of housing in apartment buildings Moscow and the Moscow region - these are apartments in standard (serial) houses. Serial are not only all panel and block houses of the 1960s-2000s, but also most of Stalin's brick houses (series II-01, II-03, group of series SM), which appear in many sources, even in BTI. as "individual projects". And most of the houses for employees of the diplomatic corps on Kutuzovsky Prospekt and on Rublevskoye Highway, and more than 80% of all houses on Leninsky Prospekt, and residential houses-"sails" on Nagatinskaya Embankment, and the buildings of the experimental residential area Chertanovo Severnoye, and Stalinist houses from bright red bricks on Kuusinen and Stroiteley streets were actually built according to standard designs. The seemingly non-standard lilac block houses ("inkwells") on Marksistskaya Street (just in other districts, houses of this K-4 series have a gray color) are also serial.
"Typical" does not mean "bad, not prestigious." In the most prestigious residential areas of Moscow - Krylatskoye and Kuntsevo, almost all houses are serial (standard). The portal www.site presents absolutely all typical series of Khrushchev, Brezhnev and modern apartment buildings Moscow and Moscow region. Also on our website you will find almost all type series of the late Stalin period. Thus, our site contains layouts, floor plans and characteristics of more than 90% of all apartments and houses found on the real estate market in Moscow and the Moscow region.
All standard series on the www.site portal are placed according to the principle of periodization of projects:
Brick and block houses with a ceiling height of 2.70 m., Built according to standard projects that arose before the mid-1950s. Rooms in apartments in Stalinist houses, as a rule, are isolated, hallways and kitchens are relatively spacious. After all, the main requirement for the designers was the possibility of room-by-room (communal) settlement of apartments. Such houses were built until 1961 in various districts of Moscow and in the cities of the Moscow region, the number of floors in them - from 4 to 10 (most often - 5, 8 and 9).
Houses, projects of which were created after the famous decree "On the elimination of excesses in design and construction", adopted on the initiative of NS Khrushchev, and until the end of his reign, that is, from 1956 to 1964. However, they were built in Moscow until 1972, and in the Moscow region and in many regions of the country - until the mid-1980s. Features of Khrushchev's houses - ceiling height 2.50 - 2.60 m, tiny hallways and kitchens, adjoining rooms in many apartments. Currently, the 5-storey buildings of many of the Khrushchev series in Moscow are being demolished. However, there are also series, where the number of floors is 8 and 9, as well as 5-storey buildings with improved characteristics (including brick ones), the perspective of which is still unclear.
Typical series of houses, named after the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, under which they were designed - L.I.Brezhnev, that is, from 1964 to the beginning of the 1980s. These houses have a garbage chute, an elevator, and a ceiling height of 2.65 m on average. In Moscow, brezhnevkas of individual series were built until the end of the 2000s, and in the Moscow region and in the regions of Russia they are being erected to this day.
All typical series of houses that appeared after 1990.
About 85% of all standard series of apartment buildings built in Moscow in the 1960s-2000s were designed specifically for Moscow house-building factories (DSK), that is, they are purely "Moscow". Among them are all the most common series of Khrushchevsky (K-7, 1-510, II-32, 1605/5), Brezhnevsky (1605/12, II-67, P-3, P-30, P-43, P -44, P-46) periods and modern series of new buildings (P-44T, KOPE-M-Parus, P-3M).
The above series are also found in many cities of the Moscow region (the most "Moscow" cities of the Moscow region - Odintsovo, Vidnoe, Zheleznodorozhny, Korolev and Kotelniki). And in other regions of the country, houses of the Moscow series were built only in exceptional cases (most of them in the cities of Togliatti, Naberezhnye Chelny and Nizhnevartovsk). These monocities, in which the largest enterprises of national importance are located (VAZ, KamAZ, enterprises of the gas production complex), were built with the participation of Moscow builders.
As for the cities of the Moscow Region, local modifications of the all-Union series prevail here (83, 85, 90, 121, 124, 135, 1-439, 1-447, 1-464, 1-466, etc.). The designer of most of the Moscow series is MITEP (now MNIITEP - Moscow Research Institute of Typology of Experimental Design), and the all-Union series - TsNIIEP dwellings and other design KB and research institutes. It is in the design organizations that it is currently necessary to agree on options for redeveloping apartments. Since the late 1990s-early 2000s. house-building factories of the Moscow region began to build residential apartment buildings of their own standard series. Series I-1723, V-2000, 17.0Z-68K, RD-90, 3322-B, etc. appeared on the real estate market of the Moscow region. All of them are also presented as on www..1Dom.ru - The first about new buildings.
Of the all-Union series in Moscow, the most common are the Vulykh Tower, the families of the II-18, II-68 series and various modifications of the 1-515 / 9 series. All of them are also presented on the www.site. Houses of the Moscow Region and All-Union series are also found in those districts of Moscow whose territories were annexed to the capital in the 1980s: Kosino, Novobratsevsky, Butovo, Kryukovo (and in Solntsevo they were practically all demolished). There are also departmental series houses in Moscow and the Moscow region, which were built throughout the country: KPD-4570 (Ministry of Defense) or in several regions: MES-84 (Mosenergostroy). Recently, on the territory of the Moscow Region, house-building factories from adjacent regions are building houses of regional series, for example. SPT (Tula), VLK (Kovrov). Information about all of them is also posted on our portal.
Also on the www.site there is information about the standard series of hostels and hotels, since many houses with hotel-type apartments are built according to standard projects (eg 1-300, I-III-3), originally intended only for hostels and hotels. Also among them are the former hostels, in which privatization was allowed. The opposite cases are also known: the houses of the originally "residential" series II-34 over time began to be used also for class 2 * hotels and for hostels. There are also “multi-format” series of buildings (eg 1MG-601D, 1MG-601Zh, KMS-101), which from the very beginning are used for residential buildings, hotels, and office buildings.
There are also rare, experimental series of houses on the www.site: Lebed, I-1168, I-1822, K-5, Kolos (I-1279, I-1289, I-1303), Sevan, KUB System, Yubileiny, Unicon ( I-1834, I-1835) and others. There is also a series I-99-47 from the film "The Irony of Fate, or Enjoy Your Bath!" Also presented in our collection are little-known series of brick houses (II-66, K-14), which were built for employees of influential departments and lower ranks of the apparatus of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the USSR Council of Ministers. Information about special series of houses has been published on www.site: with increased noise insulation (P-55, PP-70, PP-83), for low-rise buildings (Bekeron, PD-1), for large families(BOD-1), for single pensioners (I-1900).
Almost all pages of the series contain floor plans of houses and typical layouts of apartments, photographs of houses and detailed annotations: districts / cities, years of construction, wall parameters, which walls are load-bearing (i.e., the possibility of redevelopment), types of bathrooms, distinctive features various modifications of a particular series, advantages and disadvantages, etc.
The pages of the Moscow series also contain information on the timing of demolition or major repairs, and renovation of houses of this type series. Also reflected are some historical, unique facts associated with the houses of a particular Moscow series.
Please note that for the height of the living quarters www .. that is, without taking into account the thickness of the floor slab (not to be confused with the height of the floor in the axes - from floor to floor, that is, including the thickness of the slab).
The manufacturers of the series are also indicated, now existing and as independent structures: DSK-1, Podolsky DSK, Ruzsky Dom-Tuchkovsky DSK, and included in large corporations and holdings: DSK-2, DSK-3 (part of the PIK Group of Companies), Shchelkovsky DSK, Elektrostalskiy DSK, Orekhovo-Zuevskiy DSK (Domostroitel Group of Companies), Beskudnikovskiy KSM, Kuskovskiy ZhBK Plant No. 2 (part of MPSM - the production division of Glavstroy Corporation), etc.
The editors of the www.site portal refused to publish unrealized projects of standard series (P-6, P-15, P-33, P-37, P-45, M-6-ECO, etc.), since they are presented in abundance on professional Internet forums on construction and architecture (http://vkontakte.ru/club1618109, http://mgsupgs.livejournal.com/, etc.), and our main mission is still to illuminate the real estate market. For the same reason, www.site considers it unreasonable to publish a series of 2-storey apartment buildings of the late 1940s-1950s. (for example, 1-201, 1-204, 1-211, 1-240, etc.), preserved in the Moscow region and Moscow in an extremely dilapidated state and in an insignificant amount. If anyone buys apartments in such houses, then, as a rule, not for living / renting out, but for medium-term investment purposes: in order to get an apartment in a new building when they are demolished.
Principles of marking of Moscow, Moscow region and all-Union type series. Discrepancies in the designations of the series in the documentation of various BTI
It was customary to denote the design features of the series with Roman numerals: I - with longitudinal load-bearing walls, II - with transverse load-bearing walls, longitudinal stiffening diaphragms (longitudinal walls of staircases, separate sections of external or interior walls) and ceilings, supported mainly on both sides on the transverse walls; III - with longitudinal load-bearing walls, transverse stiffening diaphragms (transverse walls of staircases, end walls, etc.) and ceilings supported mainly on both sides on longitudinal walls.
As for the Arabic numerals, for many all-Union series in the 1970s-1990s. there was a system where the name of a typical project consisted of 2-3 groups of numbers. The first group of numbers meant: 111 - a multi-section apartment building with panel walls, 114 - multi-section apartment building with brick walls, 121 - one-section apartment building-tower with panel walls, 124 - one-section apartment building-tower with brick walls. The second group of numbers designated the series itself, and at the end after the dot, in some cases, the year of development of the series was indicated.
On the Moscow real estate market, in the name of the series, separated by a slash after the actual number of the series, in some cases the number of storeys is indicated, for example. series P-3M-7/23 - this means 23 floors. Since this modification significantly differs both in apartment layouts and floor plans from the basic P-3M series (9-17 floors), www .. The same applies to series 1-515 / 5, 1605 / AM5 (5-storey Khrushchev buildings) and respectively 1-515 / 9, 1605/9 (series of 9-storey buildings). But, when floor plans, design characteristics and nomenclature typical layouts apartments do not depend on the number of floors in the house (this applies to most series), it is impractical to single out options in a separate series. However, some BTIs mechanically mark all special cases of a different number of floors, for example. P-44/16 and P-44/17.
The number of sections (entrances) is indicated with a hyphen in Moscow series, for example. residential buildings of the II-18-01 series consist of one entrance (that is, they are "towers"). Floor plans and layouts of apartments in them differ from 2-entrance buildings II-18-02. However, in some BTI there are special cases of designating the number of sections in other series, for example. II-49-04, which is not important for most of the series, since the layout options for apartments in 4-entrance buildings of II-49 series do not differ, for example, from 6-entrance buildings. The exceptions are the families of series II-18, II-29, II-66, II-68.
But the main headache many apartment owners and novice realtors - discrepancies in the designations of many typical series of houses in the 1950s-1970s. So, for example, the II-07 type series in different sources appears as I-07, and 2-07, and P-07, and even as 11-07. The reason for this is the absence on Soviet typewriters of the 1950s-1970s. Latin script. Since there was no universal instruction until 1975, the typists of various BTIs arbitrarily decided how to print Roman numerals more correctly. Only with the introduction of the Unified Moscow Catalog of Unified Products, it was decided to designate with the letter P only panel series... In the same years, the creation of unified databases with universal principles of literature began.
Distinguish between latitudinal (along latitude), meridional (along the meridian) and universal orientation of residential buildings, which also affects apartment layouts and floor plans in houses of various types of series. All rooms, except for end and corner ones, in houses with latitudinal orientation are facing south and north, and in houses with meridional orientation - to east and west. In houses of typical series of latitudinal orientation there are no such options for floor plans, where apartments - "rulers" (with windows on one side) in row (row) sections are present on both sides, otherwise it would turn out that the windows of all rooms in apartments on one of the the sides would go only to the north.
Thus, the letter M in the names of the Moscow model series of houses of the 1960s-1980s. means "meridional", Ш or Ю - "latitudinal" (all apartments - "rulers" are facing south). Possible deviations from latitude and longitude are determined based on calculations of the duration of insolation (solar illumination) of rooms in accordance with SanPiN. That is, when referencing to the terrain, houses of the corresponding types of series should be built according to the type of orientation, but in practice these rules were not always observed.
In the 1990s-2000s. the letter M in the names of the Moscow series began to mean "modified" and / or "municipal".
The "I" index at the beginning of the name of the series of Moscow manufacturers means that at the time of development the project of the house was individual, and only later went into mass production (the so-called "re-use project"). The exception is the I-155 series, so named in order to promote the brand of the manufacturing company SU-155.
For modern series near Moscow, it is common practice to indicate the year of development in the name of the series, for example. RD-17.04 was developed in 2004, 17S-02 - in 2002. The letters in their names, as a rule, denote the manufacturer: V - Voskresensky House-Building Plant (VDSK), N - Narostroy (Naro-Fominsk DSK), OZ - Orekhovo-Zuevskiy DSK, P - Podolsk DSK, RD (in earlier series - T) - "Ruzsky House" (Tuchkovsky DSK), S - Serpukhovsky DSK, Sch - Shchelkovsky DSK, E - Elektrostalsky DSK. In the 2000s. this principle was also applied in the names of some Moscow series: HMS (Glavmosstroy), MPSM (Mospromstroymaterialy).
It should be noted that many of the indices mentioned in some BTI as the names of the series (KTZhS-13, BS-05-17M, etc.) are in fact only variants of block-sections of the standard series KOPE, HMS-1, etc. Many episodes of the 1990s-2000s. there are several dozen options for typical block-sections, of which only 5-10 were actually built / are being built. For more information on the different block section options, see the pages of the respective series.
Other letter combinations used in the names of Moscow and Moscow region typical series of houses: KPD - large-panel house, PB - panel-block, K - frame, brick, E - experimental (series), MG - Moscow city (series), MO - Ministry of Defense.
Dr. concepts and definitions
Serial houses are considered to be built according to the same standard project and having similar specifications, utilities, apartment layouts and appearance.
Panel house - a house, the walls and floors of which are made of large-size prefabricated planar elements (panels) mounted on the construction site. Panel houses are the most rapidly erected type of housing (houses of modern series are built at an average speed of 1 floor of one section in 1 day). Using standard designs and high speed construction make the construction of such houses cheaper. The main disadvantage of panel houses is the difficulty with apartment redevelopment. This is due to the binding of the stiffness of the structure to the load-bearing walls and the dimensions of the floor slabs. Large-panel buildings are buildings made mainly of panels at least one room in size.
A block is a structural prefabricated element or product, usually factory-made, used both in industrial (typical) housing construction and in individual construction. Among the advantages of block houses is the relative speed and low cost of construction. In addition, the blocks are self-sustaining, that is, they do not require an additional frame. Currently, in the market of new buildings in Moscow and the Moscow region, the share of block houses is small (mostly low-rise buildings), much more often blocks are used in frame-monolithic housing construction.
Section step - the distance in the axes between two adjacent transverse load-bearing walls. Depending on the distance between the bearing walls, large-panel buildings are subdivided into buildings with a narrow pitch of bearing walls and buildings with a wide pitch of bearing walls. Sometimes the concept of the step of load-bearing walls is replaced by a span of floors, and then large-panel systems are subdivided into short-span (narrow step: in the span of load-bearing walls 1 room), medium-span (2 rooms), large-span (3 rooms).
The material of horizontal slabs in a house is a concept that determines the reliability and durability of a house. For example, wooden or mixed floors automatically mean an increased fire hazard and problems with the installation of heavy equipment (jacuzzi, etc.). Reinforced concrete floors are the most reliable. Information on the type of floors allows you to assess the possibility of agreeing in the BTI redevelopment during repairs, as well as the prospects for demolishing the house.
Sanitation is a complex of construction and installation work carried out in order to restore or improve the original technical condition of a house, as well as improve living conditions for a long time, sustainable energy savings, reduce losses and increase the market value of housing.
The list of works performed during the renovation: roof replacement, insulation and cladding of facades in accordance with energy saving standards, replacement of windows and balcony doors, glazing of balconies and loggias, replacement of utilities, hot and cold water pipelines, heating systems with the installation of new radiators, installation metering units for heat, electricity, replacement of all plumbing fixtures, gas and electric stoves, replacement or repair of exhaust ventilation, replacement of facing tiles in entrances, repair of garbage chutes, replacement or repair of elevators. In some cases, other measures are also provided: installation of a rodent deterrent system, comprehensive improvement of the courtyard area, etc.
An example of the most complete and comprehensive reorganization in Moscow is the houses of series II-18 on Krasnokholmskaya embankment. At present, representatives of the Moscow authorities in many cases issue reorganization for overhaul. Unlike major repairs, refurbishment of a residential building is carried out without resettling the tenants.
Overhaul is a full range of measures, including, in addition to all of the above measures, replacement of floors (and often also parts of load-bearing walls and partitions). In this case, the modernization of the building and its redevelopment (change of floor plans and layouts of apartments) can be carried out, which do not cause changes in the main technical and economic indicators of the building.
Reconstruction of a residential building - a complex of construction work and organizational and construction activities related to changes in the main technical and economic indicators (the number and quality of apartments, construction volume and total area of the building, etc.) in order to improve living conditions, quality of service, increase the volume services. During the reconstruction of buildings, in addition to the work performed during overhaul, there can also be carried out the superstructure of floors, the conversion of underground and basement floors into garages and / or non-residential premises, construction of outbuildings. During the reconstruction, the level of engineering equipment is being raised (including the complete reconstruction of engineering networks), as well as the architectural appearance of the building is being changed.