Chile floating , he "damn nut", "horned nut", "water chestnut" - a very rare plant in our days. In botanical science it is called floor Floor (Trapa Natans.) From the family of rogulnikovy ( Trapaceae.).
The Latin name Chilem appeared not just like that. The Romans were used against the enemy cavalry of a cunning weapon - Calcitrapa, "Trap for heel". These were small iron balls with four conical spikes; As if such a ball lay, one spike was always sticking up. They were scattered along the bottom of the river on the bodies and crossing. The external resemblance of chilim nuts and "heel traps" was so great that the word trapa became the name of the plant.
Chile floating is not an orphan at all and is not the only appearance in its family. In Primorye, Japan and China, other types are known - chile Lovechantoliste (Trapa Incisa.), chile Japanese (Trapa Japonica.), chile Manychursky (Trapa. manshurica.), chile Maksimovich (Trapa Maximowiczii.).
And throughout Northern Eurasia, from the British Islands to the south of Western Siberia, there are still two brothers at the water walnut - chile English (Trapa Rossica.) I. chile Siberian (Trapa Sibirica.).
Like leaves chile floating Walk to birch. Rhombid, leathery, outer edges with cloths. That's just the cuttings are other - thick and long. The floating socket is visible to the depths of the stem, and on it - something openwork, thin and filament, is not like that of the leaves, not the heads of young tasty (in fact it is free roots).
Like most aquatic plants, Chile is confidently kept on the surface due to the fact that in its fabrics there are cavities filled with air. Only they are not in the underwater stem and not in the leaves, but in the swolmers of thick deciduous cuffs.
In late May - early June, Chile blooms white four-fledged flowers. Flowers "come out to make up" twice a day - early in the morning and late in the evening, the rest of the time is hiding under water. There, in water, their self-pollination occurs; In the same place, on the bottom side of the outlet, fruits are formed - prisoners in a solid tower of nuts with a diameter of up to 2-3 cm. View of nuts Freaky - they look like a caricature deer with three-four, less often with two "horns", which actually Not horns, but spikes-grows.
At first glance, it is not quite clear why the modest inhabitant of the quiet duct so decisively protect his genus and his offspring? He and enemies are not natural. Even rodents do not attempt to the Terrible Chile.
The fact is that Chile - the plant is relic. As almost all the flowering, he appeared at the beginning of the Cenozoic era, during the time of the rule of mighty tooth mammals, many of whom were roasting and adored to fade into the abundant green masses of river shallow water. From them, which can turn out stones, and had to hold the defense chilim. But the herbivore giants are extinct, and Chilem retained its combat equipment to the present day.
When nuts begin to ripen, the air cavities of the chilim sheets are greatly increasing - the plant is gaining a mass, and it must be kept afloat. Ripening nuts - Signal: The stem is broken, the plant "removes anchor" and floats downstream, as a loaded harvest. Soon the leaves and the stem rotate, and the nuts will be powder and joining the bottom of their spikes.
In the spring dense scales of shells will open. The first of the sleeping kidney will appear a young root. At first it will dyate vertically, and then, describing the arc, go down and clings to the bottom soil. A markedly elegant shell floods, "will indicate the direction" growing from the same kidney stalk - and its scales will break. Soon the stem will reach the surface, a sheet rosette is formed on it.
In favorable conditions, Chilem can float large water areas. Just 60-70 years ago, fresh reservoirs of the Middle and Lower Volga region, Southern Siberia, Altai, the Far East, Ukraine, Belarus, Northern Kazakhstan were overcome by Chilim. In Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, Saratov and Astrakhan, nuts were exported to the bazaar to the Bazaar and sold bags. Residents of Astrakhan even nicknamed "chilimers" - for their addiction to this nut. Unfortunately, in our days, Chilem became a rare plant in Russia - mainly due to the construction of reservoirs - and even got into the Red Book.
Chile's nuts are amazing life-in. They remain chassis for 40-50 years, if they store them in a slightly excluded place, in a vessel with cool, periodically replaced by natural water (river or pond, but not well). Once in air and light, they will quickly lose their germination.
In reservoirs, both natural and artificial, can be found quite often aquatic plants
in which on the surface of the water Floating leaves
A variety of shapes and sizes. Under the rays of the sun on the water stroit of the reservoir they form a colorful mosaic carpet.
These plants include:
- Kubashka yellow;
- Water lily , Nymphya (white water lily);
- Lugout small, tetrahedral;
- RDEST cereal or volatile;
These, except for Chastuchi, Olisma and Eurials of the awesome, having thick, massive rhizomes, containing high-grade substances, grow mainly in unsolved areas of water bodies. Therefore, they are on the entire year a valuable nutritional feed for small animals: ondatres, beaver, dummy, water rat.
Moreover, Cube and pita well rooted at the bottom of the reservoirs. On these plants growing in them, you can judge the depth of the reservoirs. Thus, the cube is rooted at a reservoir depth to 2.5 m; to ovivers - Up to 2 m. In artificial water bodies for growing, the depth can be 75-100 cm.
Family of Kuvshtshkoy, widespread in the reservoirs of Asia, Africa, a moderate belt of the northern hemisphere at a depth of 30-90 cm. It is believed that the cubes appeared in the reservoirs of the Earth during the period of oligocene, that is, 25-30 million years ago. This is a water herbal plant, has a stalks of reddish color, a powerful rhizome, the thickness of which is 5-8 cm, length is about 1 m, on top of greenish color, from below - whites.
From the rhizomes located at the bottom of the reservoir, the cutters of leaves and flower makers grow Yellow Cubes . In winter, the reserves of nutrients are preserved in winter necessary for the formation of the leaves and flowers of this plant for the next year. In addition, rhizome, like other parts Yellow Cubes Has aerial channels, according to which in the underwater organs of the plant, the necessary oxygen is enabled.
Leaves U. Yellow Cubes Two types: Underwater - translucent, on the edge of wavy, seven-shallow-short-sided. Floating on an aqueous surface - all-strinny leaves of aqueous plants with triangular long dark green stiffs, shiny, leathery, dense, the length of which is 20 cm.
Single flowers are located on long flowers, fragrant, and thanks to nectar, attract numerous six-legged pollinators. Beautiful flowers bright yellow, diameter up to 6 cm, closed overnight, but remain on the surface of the reservoir. Plant blooms in June-July.
The fruit is a meaty multiferous, ovoid-conical shape of a jug. The cube is breeding yellow seeds and vegetatively. It grows well on it or on soil containing a mixture of peat, humid, clay land. Plants prefer a well-warmed, solar reservoir location. It should be noted that Kubya yellow we need to take care, since the intensive collection of her beautiful flowers bring her great harm to her. So, in many reservoirs, the hollow disappearance of this colorful plant was observed.
Kubashka Malaya
Family of Kuvshtshkoy, widespread in the water bodies of the forest area from Western to the eastern regions of Russia at a depth of 0.5-1.5 m. It is a water herbal plant in size much less Yellow Cube, The rhizer is about 1 cm. The leaves are supervised, oblong-oval, floating, rise above the water, are pretty low. The length of the leaves is 15 cm, the width is 11 cm. Flowers are small, the diameter of which is 2-3 cm, with golden yellow petals.
Breeds seeds and vegetatively. It grows well on soils containing a mixture of peat, humid and clay land. Old and extra leaves are recommended to be removed so that the water mirror in the reservoir is free to ¾ or 2/3. A wide distribution of a small cube has due to the fact that it grows both in standing and slowly current waters and in rivers with a rapid flow.
Despite the fact that in this plant contains poisonous substances (alkaloids, nymphine and nufarin), many wild animals, like elk, water rat, ondatra, beezz and even the bear and the otter feed on this plant. Seeds Kubashki Small love to commercially and waterfowl. In America, a small cube is considered a high-sighted feed and a protective plant for some valuable fish species.
Water lily Nymphi (Water White Lily)
Family of Kuvshtshkoydisseminated in Europe and the Caucasus. It's believed that Kuvuty It appeared in the reservoirs of the Earth much earlier than cubes, that is, in the period of Paleocene (about 60 million years ago). This is a perennial grassy sillery plant with a rather thick rhizome, lying on the bottom of the reservoir. Rhizome dark brown color, covered with residues of sheets; water plants floating leaves , on the water surface, large, round-oval, glossy. On top of the leaves of dark green color, from below - reddish-purple.
Single flowers, gentle, white color, the diameter of which is 10-12 cm with a pleasant subtle aroma located on long flowers. Flowers have numerous petals that are directed in different directions, and as if closing each other. Therefore, the flower itself looks like a white, pretty magnificent rose. Plant blooms from late May to August.
In the morning, approximately 8 hours, this aqueous herbaceous plant produces its flowers on the water surface, which are revealed under the rays of the sun. In the fifth-sixth hour of the evening, the flowers fold their petals and fall under the water. In rainy and cloudy weather, the flowers of this plant do not rise at the water surface at all.
Fetus Kuvuty - meaty multilayer, has a wide vessel form. Plant seeds and vegetatively breeding. The soils are unpretentious to the soils, so her thick thickets are found on ethast, clay, sandy, peat lands. For its cultivation in artificial water bodies, a thick layer of yla or nutritious clay soil is poured onto the bottom.
The plant is not demanding that the plant is not demanding, so it is thickets to develop well and in the shade of high air-aquatic plants. It is worth noting that Water lily Nymphany is very sensitive to injuries, so you should not tear these beautiful flowers. The plant can die and always disappear from the reservoirs.
Water lily Small or tetrahedral
Family of Kuvshinkovdisseminated in the forest zone of northeastern Europe, Siberia, in the Far East and North America. Distinctions that have water plants Malaya water lily - Floating leaves and flowers (the diameter of which 4-6 cm) is much less than that Kuvuty Nymphi, rhizome significantly thinner.
However, the stern significance of this plant for small animals is large, as it grows precisely in the northern regions where the luga of the nymphy can grow.
Also known varieties are also known Watercolor: Luga Pure-white (pure-white flowers, diameter 6-10 cm); Pink water lily (pink flowers, diameter 10-15 cm).
Family RogulnikovyDisselected in the south of Europe, in the south of Siberia, in the Far East. This annual herb water plant has a long underwater stem, on the lower nodes of which are filamentous roots, attaching a water walnut to the soil.
The leaves are in the outlet, floating, wide-friendly, the length of which is 3-4 cm, width - 3-4.5 cm, lowered low. Cepers have an oblong elliptical blown, filled with an air-capable tissue of various lengths. This creates good lighting for each sheet.
Flowers are small, white, located one by one on thin flowers in the sinuses of the leaves. Flowers are developing under water, on the water surface they are taken out of flowers, which are covered up with bent hairs. Flowers are revealed in the morning, for several hours, closing and go under water. Flowers plant in May-June. The fruit is a walnut with a conical base and with four powerful, pairwise opposite horns. The fruits are well preserved in Ile, even within ten years, without losing germination.
The plant is breeding vegetatively. In order to grow this family of aquatic plants, or the soil of the reservoir is needed. Very sensitive to the composition of water. So, with the content of even one percent of sodium chloride and calcium salts, the plant dies. Walnut's fruits are high food for ondatra, river beobra, geese, ducks.
The local population consumes it as a treat. Water walnut is interesting because sometimes for some time it can turn into a free-peeling (floating) aquatic plant: this happens when the water level in the water reservoir can sharply increase so much that the plant's stem will not be able to reach the bottom of the reservoir. However, if the water in the reservoir subsides or as a freely floating plant, the water walnut will be added to the shallow water, its stem is reappearing again in the ground bottom of the reservoir. Recently, water walnut occurs every year more and less often, therefore is subject to guard. Listed in the Red Book.
Family of the Redes Distributed in the lakes of Western Siberia. This is a rhizable, fast-growing plant. It has leaves of two types: floating and underwater. Floating - widespread, greenish, with a wax chain, which are well held on the water surface due to the presence of air-capable fabrics and channels.
Underwater leaves water plants Non-challenges, pretty thick covered stems immersed in water. They die long before the start of flowering plants. Flowers small, pink colourcollected in inflorescences in the form of a spoal, rise above the water surface. Plant blooms in June-July.
The fruit is an opposite-shaped nut with a short spout. Seeds ripen in late July-August. Breeds seeds and vegetatively. It is not demanding to the soils, it grows well on or clay, sandy, sandy soils. Wintering ridge floating on the bottom of the reservoirs, the depth of which is from 0.5 to 2 m. At this time, "sleeping" kidneys are formed.
Winter kidneys and rhizomes are high food, especially in a silent period for small animals: ondatras, beaver, water rat. The dense thickets of it serve as a good place for the spawning of many, including valuable species of fish. Strawberry thickening rhizomes in the liver form can also be used in human food. The peculiarities of this plant are that it enriches water with oxygen, and can also be used as a good fertilizer.
Family RDESTDisselected in the moderate zone of Eurasia and North America. This is a perennial rhiza plant, it has thin, severe-tattle stems. Leaves of two types: underwater and floating. Underwater - numerous, lanceal, translucent, form the main vegetative mass. RDEST cereal - Water plants with floating leaves, in shape and structure that resemble the leaves of the swimming ridge.
Flowers are small, unbroken, collected in inflorescences - thick spikes. Fruits - cooled, with a short cruve. RDEST cereal, like the RESTES floating, winter on the bottom of the reservoirs. Summer is the favorite feed of all aquatic animals and waterfowl. In winter - for animals on non-freeze areas of water bodies.
RDEST cellakovoid is a very volatile view of the RPES. So, with an increase in water level in the reservoirs, which leads to a blown plant, its floating leaves die. When the reservoir is drying, the plant can take a ground form with peasant leaves narrowed into the stuffing.
Farm, Completed in the European part of Russia, the stern of the Arctic. This is a perennial aquatic plant with a thick, large tuber-like root. It has thick, stretching stems, much longer than leaves. Leaves have two types of chastula: floating and surface.
Floating - lower, wide, pure-green. Superwater - large, ovoid or broad-shaped, located on long stiffs, also pure-green. Flowers are small, diameter up to 1 cm, whitish pink or pale-purple, collected in elegant pyramid melts.
Flowers are located on the stems, the height of which is about 0.7 m. The plant blooms in June-August. Breeds seeds and vegetatively. Plant poisonous B. fresh form And harmful to livestock, but in a dry form, poisonousness disappears. The plant is very decorative; From dry infloresions make up winter bouquets. And may also be a beautiful addition to floating plants in the design of water bodies.
Family Common in Ussuri region, India, Japan, China. This is an annual, basic water plant. Long leaf leaves, swallowed in a young plant. At a later time - rounded, leathery, reaching 130 cm. The bottom side has the leaves of aqueous plants slightly sowed, purple-purple color; Upper - green, naked. It has strongly protruding veins on which numerous spikes are located.
It is noteworthy the plant in that its leaves have numerous bulges. Air bubbles accumulate under them, thanks to which floating plants Euriables are held on the surface of the water surface of the reservoir.
Flowers are large, blue-purple with a reddish core, arranged on thin bluers. Flowers and bluffs are covered with spines, bent down. Plant blooms in the second half of summer. The fruits are rounded, dark purple, weighing up to 200 g, covered with powerful spikes. Black seeds, spherical shape, covered with sticky mucus, ripen in September-October.
Spank by Eurial awesome seeds. Every year the plant gives a rich, flat, barbed foliage. This is an original, light-affiliated plant is evisted in the reservoirs of the southern regions indicated above the countries.
Seed reproduction
The seed method is breeding the cubes, the rysters, pitches, fraud, Alisma, Eurial. The fruits of cubes and spikelets of the talks, which float on the surface of the reservoirs, at the end of August - the beginning of September they collect with her boat with their hands, tearing them with a pattern.
Fruit Runners which are under water, crochet. The collected fruits and spikelets are placed on the bottom of the boat, covering the wet moss or wet burlap to protect them from drying out. Then they are placed in baskets or boxes with holes and lowered into water for ripening. After 7-12 days, the seeds of these plants are completely exempt from the shells of fruits, from the spikelets, from mucus, that is, ready for sowing.
Seeds Cube and jugs Scatter from the boat or from the shore. They are lowered to the soil of pre-examined reservoir. The next spring appear seedlings, and in the year the plants bloom.
The seeds of the ridges rush into the clay lumps and lowered into the clay soil, the layer of which is 10-15 cm, at a depth of 40-90 cm; On the clay - with the sand content of the ground, at a depth of 30-90 cm.
Chastuch Seeds, Alice Summary throughout the summer in open reservoirs, or the soil at a depth of 7-10 cm.
Seeds of Eurial frightening fruits and mucus with shells, sowing a reservoir soil with a depth of 1.3 m.
Plots breed water walnutOne plant of which gives 10-15 fruits. During the collection, his fruits are placed in crude moss to protect from drying, as dry fruits completely lose their germination. It is noted that in Ile, the fruits of water walnut can be maintained up to 10 years, the germination is not lost. The fruits of water walnut are planted in shallow water, well-heated by the sun of water bodies with or orst soil to a depth of 0.6-1 m.
Vegetative reproduction water plants with floating leaves
A vegetative way, that is, the fission of rhizomes, the cubes, pita, ridees, freesh, Alisma put together. For this root of these plants from the bottom of the reservoirs, the boat joins the bug and remove to the surface. Then they cut them with a knife on a cutlength of 20-25 cm so that each cutlets contain kidney ("eyes") and beams of roots. Tyjalov to cuttings, the cargo (it can be gravel, rubbank, pieces of bricks), immerse them in the water of the reservoir. At the same time, the cuttings of rhizomes should remain on the surface of the soil.
Cherenci Cube and jugs It is planted in a water reservoir to a depth of 0.6-1.2 m. Chastuhi cuttings, alicema in artificial water bodies are planted at a depth of 7-12 cm; In the natural one - at a depth of 15 cm. It should be noted that for planting cuttings, the root of these plants can be used in the heat season. However, the optimal time is spring and the first half of the summer.
Legends and legends about cubes and water lily
Legend 1 (about white pitcher). The scientific name of the Family of the Sweatshop (Nymph) is apparently in honor of the beautiful Belolyac with a dusty golden hair. Young nymphs living in a forest lake. At night, dropping to the bottom of the lake, she slept serenely. And in the morning, rising to the water surface, washed with dew with coastal plants. Her life calmly flowed surrounded by Dryad and Nayar among the picturesque nature.
But one day, on the shore of the lake, she saw another young herakla then. Sleep and quiet left her, she stopped dropping to the bottom of the lake, meet with girlfriends - everything was waiting for the return of Hercules. But he no longer came. Life slowly left the beautiful nymph and this legend about the white pitcher says that she soon turned into a snow-white with golden stamens flower. Each morning the flower was revealed on the surface of the lake, as if waiting and hoping to see again Hercules.
Legend 2 (about mermaids and pita). Apparently, the myths about the mermaids appeared in the Slavs because of the abilities of the flower-water lishes to dive into the water. These pale slim beauties loved lunar nights, sitting on the stones, stumps on the shore of the forest lake, combing their long flowing shiny with moon color hair. And seeing random captured travelers, caught them and tightened into their water kingdom.
Legend 3 (Squares - Alerts). The pita (white water lily) was called in antiquity in Russia's pre-grass. It was believed that she was able to protect people traveling to distant countries. Therefore, a piece of her rhizomes was invested in Landan and wore as an amulet. Also believed that her root should be wearing a shepherd so that his herd was not blown. There was still a believer: "Who will unlose you, and you want to inherent in it," Give Yasti root. "
Legend 4 (Love Story of the Water Tsar and Princess Nymphi). Admiring cubes and water lily, people have gone legends about the origin of these surprisingly beautiful plants. So, one Italian legend about the pitcher says ......
Among the picturesque, covered with the flowers of the hills, in the foothills of the Alps spread a blue-blue lake. In the afternoon, under the rays of the sun in his water, a lot of diverse species of fish was splashing. And when the stars were lit in the sky, and the moon appeared, the lunar walkway ran through the lake water alcohol; In this lake there lived a water king.
Not far from the lake, on one of the hills, stood a magnificent vintage castle. Beautiful towers, turrets, the spiers of this castle were reflected in the water of this lake. Many generations changed in this castle during the lifetime of the water king. But one day he saw a young, beautiful girl with golden, lush hair, with eyes, blue water of the lake, leather whiter of snowy mountains.
It was Nitness - the daughter of the master of the castle. Seeing her, the water king first felt her loneliness. But how to get closer to it? After all, only a slight small cloud of gray fog, he could get down to the windows of the castle - this was his real appearance. And he could only make a snag or deceased. Once he heard that the castle was preparing a ball on which Nymphi had to choose the groom.
That day, sniffing towards the windows of the castle, he watched with me as those who had arrived elegant guests had fun, danced - music played in the castle. And when the twilight came, he saw that a strange rider appeared on the road to the castle. He was sitting on a horse, for some reason as the back on before, something vaguely muttered. True, he was young and beautiful, quite exquisitely dressed and his horse was pure. When the rider, hesitated the spur in the horse, made him mild, the horse threw him to the ground. The young man groaned, but soon satisfied.
The water king became a pity of this man, he leaned over him. And after a few moments, a young, beautiful stranger entered the castle hall. Instantly smalcked music, silence came in the hall. And suddenly his ironic domineering voice rang out: "Why doesn't music play?". And the musicians, not even asking the permission of the castle owner, played.
Guests parted before the stranger when he walked to invite Nymphi to the dance. All evening they danced alone, no one decided to enter the circle. "I'll show you the whole world," the stranger whispered is charming nymph. Further, this legend about the pitching says that in the morning both disappeared, and no one else has ever seen them. And on the blue-blue lake from time to time, cubes and pitches began to appear. Locals said that this is a water king and Nymphi again visited this lake.
Water, as a symbol of purity and change in life, has always attracted people. A small reservoir, near which it is pleasant to spend time, pulling away from everyday hassle, is a rather popular element landscape design Country areas. Plants for the pond - a mandatory attribute of the design of the reservoir. The landing of beautiful-flower and decorative handsome handsome man allows not only to transform the pond, but also to protect it.
Herbaceous plants and shrubs, decorated with gentle and motley flowers, complement the picturesque composition of a natural cozy corner with bright strokes and unique flavors.
The pond in the frame of the green compositions always looks natural and at the same time elegantly
However, in addition to decorative attractiveness, water plants are also performed by a practical goal. The leaves of plants located above the surface of the water are slightly shadowing a water space, thereby preventing the development and intensive growth of algae. Due to this, water can remain a longer period transparent and clean.
In addition, in hot summer days, the natural shading of the foliage of the aqueous surface allows you to dispel the solar rays that heat the water.
Shading is particularly necessary for water bodies in which fish, frogs, turtles and other amphibians live
Factors that determine the choice of plants
Choosing plants for the pond in the country, it is necessary to adhere to a single decorative idea. This will create a composition that stands out against the background of other elements of the landscape, at the same time will be harmonized with them.
Planning the placement of green landings It is desirable to determine the main angle, relative to which the composition will look at the most effectively
Any decorative composition looks smart and rich, if it is created, taking into account the planned elements when the foreground is decorated with low or soil plants, more tall plants are the second plan.
Planning to equip along one of the sides of the water branch site for recreation, plants for this site are chosen low, so that they do not cover the picturesque landscape and access to the pond.
Plants for water bodies are selected taking into account the zoning of the latter in depth. In the most profound part of the reservoir, which is mainly located in the center of the pond, there are deep-water plants, closer to the shores and wetlands - shallow floating floors. On the coast of the pond are located representatives of the plant world, which are comfortable growing on a wet soil, and on dry shovel - less moisture-boring shrubs and flowers.
Which part of the pond is better to plant?
A middle of a swimming pool of handsome is dotted with countless stamens. Lotus prefers to grow on the solar plots of the water branch, the depth of which is at least 40 cm. Its roots are immersed in soil under water, and the flowers and leaves are freely floating over the aqueous surface.
Lotus - gentle and amazing beautiful flower, loved by many gardeners, can rightly be considered king of a pond
A middle of a swimming pool of handsome is dotted with countless stamens. Lotus prefers to be pulled at the solar plots of the reservoir, the depth of which is at least 40 cm. Its roots are immersed in ground ground, and flowers and leaves are freely floating over the aqueous surface.
Do not be a spectacular supplement of the plant composition can be water lilies
The varieties of these nymphs there are more than a dozen, and each of them requires certain landing conditions and the depths for growing. The water lily also refers to the number of sun-bred deep-water flowers.
A decent decoration of the central part of the pond can be brazes with dark purple inflorescences and silver delicate white miniature flowers.
Floating surfaces
Fresh reservoir plants freely floating over the surface, not only as a natural "screen" corresponding to the water surface. They perform an important function, since the organic is absorbed dissolved in water, thereby regulate environmental equilibrium.
Among the most non-additive representatives of this type of plants can be attributed to: Azol, Wolfia, Water Walnut, Rubblenik. They feel very comfortable in both sunny sites and in pronted places.
Lace is a dense carpet, woven from azole tiny leaves, gives any water reservoir of particular mysteriousness. Shades of carpet can vary from red-brown and saturated green with pinkish to the SIZO-GREEN
Water walnut, visually resembling a spiny ball with curved horns, decorated with a decorative socket of served sheets
Among the beautiful and blooming non-additive floating plants are distinguished: waterfronts, hydrokeleis, litter, bubble.
Unassuming watercourses, also referred to as a caress, effectively stands out against the background of other aquatic vegetation with heart-shaped sheets and three-fledged flowers. Crashing in our latitudes of exoth hydrokelois externally very similar to the waterproof
Planting such plants should be in small quantities. Their leaves should cover no more than half of the surface of the water.
Oxygen plant plants
Externally unavalizing plants - oxyerators, serve primarily to clean the reservoir. Absorbing carbon dioxide and minerals from the water, they deprive the food algae and interfere with the pollution of water.
Among the decorative species of plants-hydroxy agents are highlighted by a rogue, RDEST, Elday and Ugut
Fluffy rogue with needle leaves prefers shady coastal seats. Cole-shaped inflorescences of Pink shades are excellent food for the residents of the reservoir. Floating sprigs with a metallic otloblock of Elodae are so quickly growing, which already in the first year of subsidence in the reservoir plant can create thick thickets. Eloy has not addressed to lighting and temperature regime.
Choosing plants for registration of a pond in the coastal zone. The choice can be stopped on such moisture-loving plants like AIR, Rogoz, Reed.
Among the marsh plants, decorative forms have a fern, a loyal, volzhanka, gravel
Forming a flower garden in the coastal zone, can be played on the contrast of forms and colors. For example, elegant elongated leaves and unusual flowers Iris, contrasting with golden inflorescences of a swimsuit, looks spectacular against the backdrop of an openwork fern. When creating compositions, the main thing is not to overdo it. The harmonious aesthetic composition from plants should decorate the landscape of the site, filling the soul with pleasant emotions from contemplation.
How to plant pond plants - video
Description:
Currently, 30 species are known. Roof - annual and does not tolerate autumn frosts. It blooms only in hot summer and in Northern Europe Rarely tying fruits. Nowadays, the plant has become extremely rare. It is guarded in several reserves and listed in the Red Book.
  Floor floatingor Water Walnut -Trapa Natans. On a quiet stroy of the lake or river bay, occasionally you can see the socket of floating leaves of Chile. On the cuts of blooming leaves filled with an air cloth. Thanks to such bubbles, the plant floats. In the summer (July-August), flowers with four white petals appear in the sinuses of the leaves. They protrude a little over the water. Flowers appear above the water only in the morning or evening. Chile is predominantly self-polishing plant. Often pollination occurs in closed flowers, under water. Autumn ripen the fruits of water walnut. Botany call such fruit with kitchens. One plant gives 10-15 fruits. When heavy nuts begin to form out of the urging, the leafy stiffs increase the air cavities, holding the plant on the surface of the water. Chilima solid nuts with sharp horns are not solved to touch either fish, no duck, no water rat. When nuts ripen, the leaves socket floats, like a ship loaded with nuts. Large fruits hang in water as anchor. Already in the late autumn, the leaves and stem chilim are rotten, and the nuts fall on the bottom, fastening in it with their horns. Fruitful for a long time Holds chilim, and the flow of water is unable to tear off and carry a plant. The seeds of the rogulicist do not lose their part for 40-50 years. Spring nut starts to germinate, but not as seeds of other plants. Chilima first forms a long, like a rope, cotyledon, then the stem and the last turn root, which is first rising up, then lowers down, forming an arc. Inside the fetus white tasty seed. Previously, Chile was widespread in Russia, and the fruits were sold in the markets. In the state of Kashmir in India, about 40 thousand people fell by Chilim's fruits for five months. Hindus eat them with salt and pepper, boil to chowder and baked bread. Chile is specifically bred on Sri Lanka Island, in Japan, China, in southern Africa to the mouth of the Zambezi River. The name of Lake Nyasa (Yu.-v. Africa) translated into Russian means "Dwelling of Water Chestnut". Many years ago in the Krasnodar Territory Chile was sold in the market bags and even whole valves. And at the moment, Chilem is listed in the Red Book of Russia as a disappearing plant, although a lot of chilim on the Alatyr river in the Nizhny Novgorod region. Near the city of Murom, not far from the Oki River there is a whole lake called nuts, because there were a lot of water nuts during the summer. Photo on the left Knyazheva Valery
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Landing: It is simply thrown into the rapid soil with a thick layer of fertile soil with a thick layer of fertile soil. If the reservoir is without soil, the nuts plant in the container and drown in this form. In winter, nuts can be kept at home in the refrigerator, in a jar with water, in the spring they themselves begin to germinate.
Care: Try to collect mature nuts. An indispensable condition for a safe existence is the absence of at least such large clams, like coils and ponds, who are glad to eat young leaflets of the rogulicist.
Reproduction: seeds acquired in the spring fruit are thrown into the water. But it is best to make sowing into a small pot, filled with il, and put them on a depth of 10-15 cm - in that zone where the water is best warmed. Seeds germinate at a water temperature of about 25-30 ° C. The same temperature is most favorable for their development. Keeping copies with the appearance of floating leaves it is time to transfer to a greater depth - near the meter. Due to the fact that water nuts have no roots, they can be reboundlessly move from place to place, simply tied to the pebble - anchor.
Using:
Suitable for any reservoirs, but not everywhere reproduced. Nuts eat boiled,
raw and baked.
History and geography: Eurasia Chile was distributed from the Basin of the Danube to the Kaliningrad region, in the forest-steppe areas of the European part of Russia, in Northern Kazakhstan, in the south of Western Siberia. Mountains of Central Asia for him are insurmountable, but in the Amur basin there is the largest fragment of the range in our country. In fact, this fragment is only the northern part of a much more extensive range, covering the East of China, Southeast Asia and even India. Water nuts dwell and in water bodies of East Africa. It is there, in the south, the true meaning of the specific fruits of this plant becomes obvious. After all, the water bodies exist only in the wet season, and then dry. The remaining fruits in this place should resist both drought, and numerous wishing to enjoy their contents. It is not surprising that the shell is so hard. In order to save reliably for themselves, water nuts go to the trick - every spring (or, as in the tropics, each wet season), not all seeds germinate, but only part of them. And if suddenly the plant in this season will not be able to give seeds, the population will not disappear anyway - others will come to the next year.
Photo of Knyazheva Valery
On the north of water walnut, he got into one of the warm and wet eras, and remained here, adapting instead of drought to frosts. True, the seeds of northern nuts do not tolerate the lack of moisture, therefore they can be stored, and you can only carry them in water or in a wet Moss.
There is this plant and not far from Moscow - in the east of the region, water nuts live in Starichi Oki and Klyazma. Less often they are found in Smolensk and Kaluga regions.
The Soviet botanist Vasilyev in the fifties and sixties described in the territory of the USSR at about thirty species of water walnut, but most of them are, of course, are just geographically isolated races of the same type (Trap Natans). However, in the Far East, especially in the lakes in the south of Primorye, it is possible to detect very well-distinguished populations. Probably some of them are worthy of the status of individual species. Such, for example, the Water Walnut Maximovich (Trap Maximowiczii) with small (10-15 cm) rosettes of leaves and tiny, about 1 cm, ruffies or large water walnut Siberian (Trapa Sibirica) with fruits achieved in the rotory horns of the whole 6 For wonder that in the same lake, 3-4 such varieties can dwell, while the mixture of their signs does not occur.
Interesting the process of propagation of water walled fruits from a pond in the reservoir. Mature fruits are almost not able to be transferred to water - they are too heavy and instantly drown. It is impossible to rely on ingesting birds or fish - the fruits are too large. Instead, various races of Chilim on the "horns" are located special bristles and jar, which are very helpful to ensure that the fruit is firmly attached ... to wool. Indeed, the main distributors of water nuts are large hoofs that are in water on water or just for "taking baths". However, in the steppe, and in the forest zones, Eurasia, the number of hoofs during the rule of a person catastrophically decreased, which was one of the reasons for reducing the range of water wedges. Meanwhile late XIX. A century on Ryazanchin fruits Chile was an important article in the income of the Prioksky villages. They were eating raw, added to the flour and delivered to the fair of war. And in southern Siberia, they often replaced the grain in flour at all.
It is not surprising that as a result of the water nut area by the middle of the 20th century, and within European Russia He remained only in a small number of floodplain lakes. On the territory of a warmer Ukraine and Southeastern Europe, Chile is somewhat more common, especially in the vast delta Danube, Dnieper and Dniester. However, throughout Europe, the range of water nuts is reduced, this type of this is also submitted to the Red Book of Russia.
But in our time, it is not always wishing, a person helped this relic. The fact is that the conditions in the reservoirs of North America are warmer than Europe, are ideal for Chile. As a result, randomly imported to the North American continent, water nuts spread in many rivers and lakes of the eastern part of the mainland. It can be considered that in this case people "restored historical justice" - after all, before the last glaciation, the relatives of the Eurasian type of water walnut also dwells in America, but afterwards completely extinct. And in Australia, water nuts have become a real scourge of a few fresh reservoirs - in a hot climate with the complete absence of herbal fish, they grow so quickly that they float the entire water surface. They are not terrible even the usual drought regular for this continent - because the fruits are adapted just to such fluctuations in the climate.
In Russia, heat power plants with coolers with chillers became unexpected help for Chilim. Thus, the northernmost population of water nut, inhabiting in the south-east of the Tver region, is obliged to its existence of the Konakovskaya GRES.
based on:
S.Kupsov "Eurial and Chile" // "Garden and Sadik" -3-2006
Andrei Sisaikin "Chilem" // "In the world of plants" - 2007 - №11
Plants for the pond: types and names
Repeatedly decorated with water will decorate the country area. Plants for the ponds landed at the depth or focusing coast create a unique atmosphere of rest and peacekeeping.
Water plants for pond
Water plants - not just a relief decoration. Properly chosen species purify water and do not give to grow algae.
When choosing plants for the pond adhere to the principle of compliance with harmony. In the foreground of the coast, miniature species are planted, behind - shrubs or herbaceous varieties, and in the center of the reservoir - blooming representatives of the flora.
Source: Depositphotos.
Plants for the pond will decorate it and clean the water
Water plants are divided:
- on deep-sea, among which beautiful-flowing species prevail;
- floating surfaces serving a natural reservoir decoration. Such plants absorb the organic substances dissolved in water and are necessary for environmental equilibrium. Floating plants are planted in small quantities so as not to cover the water surface;
- oxygen generators transforming carbon dioxide into oxygen. As a result of the absorption minerals Plants are not allowed to multiply by algae, and the reservoir remains clean.
When landing, the ability of plants is taken into account in conditions of high humidity, therefore, less adapted species are placed on dry ground.
Names of plants for a pond
The king of the reservoirs is the lotus - a beautiful-flowing plant with roots immersed on a depth of 40 cm. Large flowers painted in white, pink or burgundy color And freely move on the surface of the reservoir.
Among the oxygen generators in the design of the pond uses an externally inconspicuous rogue, Urut, Elodea. Pedest's inflorescences feed underwater residents of water bodies - fish, frogs and other amphibians.
Water walker floating on the surface of water, the gifts, Azole is capable of growing on solar and shaded areas.
Do not forget about the coastal zone of the pond. Here it is better to watch AIR, reed, rogoz, fern, beautiful leafy and swimsuit. For these species, moisturized soil near the reservoirs is suitable. Little White Chustoka Bolotnaya Inflorescences are revealed in the afternoon and look gorgeous in a dry bouquet. Rogoz and reed belong to natural water purifiers.
Thanks to the shading of the foliage of tall species in the hot summer months, the pond surface remains cool, and oxygen generators and floating on the surface of the plant support water purity.