Most houses in cities are typical brick buildings, with standard planning apartments.
Series of Stalinsky Houses - Buildings from bright shades of bright shades or mineralized panels. This project is allocated to the presence of excellent planning, significant ceiling height. For external work, materials with granite crumbs were often used. Such houses are highlighted by the Tower of the Kremlin type.
Construction of Stalinok started in the 30s of the XX century. Such structures were created by individual developments, but many and typical houses. Such structures have few similarities with the structures of the old fund.
Khrushchevka is panel, brick or block design. N. S. Khrushchev was initiated by N. S. Khrushchev, they are completely devoid of any excesses when designing and construction. They were built until 1972 inclusive, and in some areas - until 1980
Distinctive characteristics of such buildings:
- ceiling height - 2.5 - 2.6 m;
- very small kitchens, bathrooms;
- mostly layout 2 rooms - adjacent.
After 2000, at home in the 5th floors began to demolish. Khrushchev in 8 and 9 floors were not demolished. The first buildings of Khrushchev - at home series 1-335. They were erected in many cities of the USSR. Due to the lack of thermal insulation, such buildings are subject to demolition.
Construction series 1-439, 1-439ya - 5-storey buildings block type. Such a plan of buildings was built mainly in the northern regions of the USSR. Khrushchevka series 1-447 - a popular appearance of the attack. Such structures were built in 1970 inclusive. The height of the rooms is up to 3 meters.
Panel-type buildings
Buildings type 1-464 - Popular facilities panel Plan Times of the USSR. They were erected in the first period of the structure of Khrushchev. Only from 1958 to 1964. More than 200 house-building plants in all regions were engaged in building such structures in all regions.
Series of brick houses 1-466 - typical examples of residential facilities in 1 5 floors. The height of the rooms is 3 m. They were built exclusively in Moscow (northern part of it). Walls of brick houses from fragile viberpich. In the end installed up to 6 panels. Such houses are short-lived.
1-467 series at home - the first panel construction that has a step carriers. For the first time, a project of such buildings included a variation of 1,2,3-room apartment layout. Houses in 1-5 floors of this plan were built in the Moscow region and other parts of the country.
1-510 series at home - fairly common block 5-storey houses. Their feature in the thickness of the outer walls, which is up to 40 cm. These are durable buildings, but some of them are demolished during all sorts of reconstructions of the city's neighborhoods.
Buildings type 1-511 - multisective construction, brick Khrushchev Moscow. In such houses there are apartments for 1-2-3 rooms. There are several modifications of buildings that differ in the height of apartments, the quality of building materials, the type of roof.
Types of MG objects
Houses 1mg-300 or MG-300 - panel buildings in 5 floors. Their feature is the presence of square balconies, the cabin of which is small. On each floor of such a house there are 3 apartments. They were built before 1968 inclusive.
Buildings of the type of 1P-303-2 - a panel 5-storey building, the second frequency of the buildings in Moscow and the region. Distinctive trait 5-storey objects - beveled balconies, including end. Constructions type 11-07 - Some of the first panel houses In 5 floors on the territory of Moscow (southwestern part of it). Construction period - 1958-1961. These houses are in emergency, most of them have already been demolished.
Buildings 11-07-19 - panel buildings with fragile exterior walls from Viberpich. Often at home are tiled, each of them has 4 narrow windows in the ends. Almost all structures of this format in emergency condition, but their demolition is carried out only in the western parts of Moscow. Houses 11-17 - Modification of the 1-510 series. Have increased squares of one-room apartment and a large area of \u200b\u200b3-room apartment. Such houses were built in the 60s. last century in Izmailovo, Nagatino.
Objects Malossames
This is an example of Khrushchev above 5 floors in Moscow. Most of them are 8-, 9-storey block structures. In each apartment of such a house there is a seating bath; in two room apartments Rooms are often adjacent.
A series of houses 11-18-01 / 09 MIC - brick buildings in 9 floors, analog of block structures 11-18-01 / 09.
Building 11-32 - a typical panel house from viberpich, the external walls of which are tiled.
A characteristic feature of such buildings - balconies on pillars-supports. Variation of this series - 11-32-130 - houses with small apartments (mysteries). They are intended for smooth families. The room has an average of 9-13 square meters. m., and the kitchen has a cube not more than 3-3.5 square meters. m.
Buildings 11-34 - an example of 5-storey brick structures with small-seamen apartments. Such buildings were built in the capital in different places (1-2 at home in the sleeping areas). These are two-bedroom houses that are connected through the one-storey section, in the center of which is the room - the dining room.
Construction of type 11-35 - 5-storey brick houses with two-bedroom and three-bedroom apartments. Their distinctive feature is the presence of a rather big outer panels. Such houses were often built in 1959-1962. Today they are all demolished.
Objects 11-38 and Brezhnev
Construction 11-38 - First houses panel type From volumetric elements. The rooms of the apartments were collected at the factories, and on construction sites they were only mounted. These were experimental, trial structures, they were erected in 1959-1962. In Lublin, Cheryomushki. There are also such structures in Perm, Minsk. Type K-7 - Krashchevka frame, panel type. These are mass buildings in Moscow, 1958 construction. Their walls are the thinnest among all, because their demolition is priority.
At the change of Khrushchev, who did not meet themselves at all, breech came. At first it is 8-, 9-storey buildings, which were then turned into 12- and 16-storey. These are the first designs with elevators and garbage supplies. The planning of apartments in such buildings has become more perfect and modern. They improved noise and thermal insulation.
The planning of apartments in such houses has become more comfortable. The construction of such houses began in the 70s. last century. Such houses rightly can be called prototypes of modern structures. After Brezhnev, the buildings on typical projects began to build. The most common series of panel modern structures - Copes, Kope-M-sail, 155 and and-155m, P-3M, P-44M.
To answer this question, you need to remember a little. When Russia was still in the status of the USSR, in the sixties of the last century, the leadership of our country was recognized as the state that the state largely lags in economic development from the West. Then the decision of the massive and large-scale development of the economy aimed at improving the quality of life of ordinary citizens, including improving housing conditions.
Thus, the construction of the so-called panel housing began. Communal apartments Gradually went out into the past (although they did not disappear completely, right up to our time), each individual apartment in the planned five and nine-story buildings was designed for each family separately.
This project was based on a goal - with maximum reduction in funds and cheapening technology, to ensure as many consumers as possible with high-quality housing conditions. Thanks to the introduction of projects on panel construction, it was planned to ensure the maximum number of Soviet families inexpensive individual housing (maximum until 2000).
Technology panel construction
The manufacturing technology of large w / b-boards was designed initially right at the place of construction, which did not always respond to the standard of quality. By the way, when the production was established in the factory conditions, the quality has not improved, up to the appointment of strict control over the creation of railway structures in accordance with state standards.
The process of building typical panel houses was largely simplified and accelerated due to such technology, no longer needed to create monolithic structures. The houses were collected from the "small" parts like designers. This has become the most important advantage of building such housing - low cost and high speed.
Typical series of panel houses
Since the forties, the construction of new housing in five floors begins, then the construction of famous Staliniks, high-quality and spacious, which lasted up to the development of typical panel houses in the sixtieth - so-called Khrushchev, in which there were practically no positive qualities in addition to their availability.
Depending on the accepted technology and floors, panel houses began to be divided into typical series - alphabetic and numeric numbers that are characteristic of their characteristics.
The most common old houses, throughout the territory of the former USSR, are typical panel houses in the 5th floors of the 1-500 series, etc.
For example, Panel Houses of the 83 series were later called upon to replace the 1-468 series, as they were better and convenient in the layout. The houses were built in five or ten floors, the rooms can be from one to four. Such houses have been built from the end of the 70s, but projects are being finalized and used in our time.
The series 97, whose houses have 5, 9 and 10 floors have also known. The time of using projects in this series is calculated from 70s to our time.
A separate article of this time (80s) you can select panel houses of the 90th series, these houses began to replace Khrushchev, as there were improved planning.
What was its improvement?
First, unlike Khrushchev, the area became more extensive, the rooms from the passing turned into separate ones. Most often 90 series is represented two-room apartments. Secondly, the bedroom area could be increased if we carry the wall with the adjacent storage room, which had a bedroom depth. Third, the area at the expense of this storage room of 28 square meters. Meters turns into 33 square meters. meters, which was a significant advantage.
In a later late period - in the seventies, sample panel 9-storey houses of series II (II - 18, II - 29, II - 57) were built and commissioned.
In the eighties, developing in this direction, and the construction of panel houses is brought up to 22 floors, although it is rather an exception to the rules than the rule at this time.
The nineties take place remnants of whole areas of older Khrushchev and the construction of more modern panel houses in their place from 8 to 25.
Types of apartments and their characteristics
More modern panel housing was built as 9 storey houses. The very first series of nine-story buildings was a series of 119. There were already an elevator and garbage chute in the apartments of this series. The number of rooms in a separate apartment was calculated from two (or more), besides that there were loggias. Later option - 467 series.
In addition, it has already been represented last series, there is a more convenient layout of the entrances, while entering the apartment is separated by a door closing in the entrance, which separates the areas of housing and the entrance to the garbage chute. 602 The series of nine-story buildings is considered the newest, the door separation from the entrance disappeared, but the garbage grower moved to the territory of the floors. Apartments on the court remained four, however, the location of the entrances in them is not very convenient, since they are very close to each other.
In the 70s, typical panel houses were built not only 5-9 storey, but also 10-storey. According to the series, you can define the type of construction and the year of its construction. Most often, 10-storey houses include, so-called breaks: P-3 (from 70 to 98 years old), P-30 (1973-2005), PP-70 (80-90s), PP-83 (80-90s), I- III-3 (79-93 years).
Some of the same series belongs to 16 storey panel houses. In addition, you can add such a series as P-44 (1973-2008), P-4 (1975-2005), P-42, 43 (72-83 years), Swan series (1966-2003) , 1-MN-601 (65-75 years).
How to find out a series of panel house?
Knowing the floor of the house and the years of its release, you can pre-determine the series of buildings. Let's start with the oldest Khrushchev - five-story buildings that naturally had no elevator, not a garbage disposal. Most often, these homes belong to these series as 1-335 or K-7. Gradually, the city is trying to get rid of these homes and build more modern accommodation in their place.
Higher flooding and comfortability of Brezhnevka belong to the P-44 series. There is already an elevator, and garbage chute. The quality of such housing is much higher than Khrushchev. Moreover, improved projects of this series are the basis for construction modern houses. The maximum height of the house of this series is 17 floors. And the quality of the construction allows you to survive such houses until hundreds of years.
Panel heights of 14-17 floors related to the 70s with one entrance most often refer to the II-68 series. They are as comfortable, as well as suggest free layout. The demand of the houses of this series and currently makes engineers improve these projects.
If you doubt the correctness of your assumption in the room and series of your panel housing, then comprehensive information can always be found in the technical passport of the apartment, or request the appropriate paper into the technical inventory bureau (but be prepared for the fact that the service can be paid).
A series of houses 1-510 - multisective block 5-storey residential building with ordinary and end sections. In the house 1, 2, 3 bedroom apartments. Year of construction: 1962-1968. The height of the ceilings is 2.48 m. Exterior walls Slaciouskelozit concrete blocks with a thickness of 400 mm. Internal concrete panels thick. 270 mm. Partitions - Gypsum-plated panels with a thickness of 80 mm. Cleansing reinforced concrete panels with a thickness of 220 mm. Ventilation is natural exhaust in the kitchen and in the bathroom. There is no elevator. Gearing no.
A series of houses 1-511 - Brick 5-storey multisective residential building with 1, 2, 3 room apartments. The height of the ceilings is 2.48 m. The basement for the placement of engineering communications. There is no elevator. Outer walls - seven-piece brick 380 mm thick; interior walls and partitions - gypsum concrete panels with a thickness of 270 and 80 mm, respectively, overlapping reinforced concrete panels - 220 mm. Heating central, water. Ventilation Natural exhaust through ventkales in the interior walls in the kitchen and in the bathroom. Cold, hot water from the city network. It is possible to use a gas column. Gearing no.
A series of houses 1-515 / 5 - 5-storey houses. Year of construction: 1957-1976 Residential height of 2.48 m. Technical for the placement of engineering communications. There is no elevator. Outdoor walls - ceramzite-concrete panels (400 mm). Internal - concrete panels (270 mm). Partitions - Gypsum concrete panels (80 mm). Overlap - reinforced concrete multi-retained panels (220 mm). Heating is central, water. Ventilation - natural exhaust through ventilation blocks in the bathroom and toilet. Water supply: cold and hot water from the urban network. Gearing no.
A series of houses 1-515 / 9sh - 9-storey houses with 1, 2, 3 - room apartments. Ceiling height: 2.64 m. Technical premises: a basement for the placement of engineering communications. Lifts: 1 passenger. Outer walls - three-layer panels with a thickness of 300 mm; internal - gypsum concrete panels 160 mm thick; Partitions - Gypsum concrete panels 120 mm thick, overlap - reinforced concrete panels with a thickness of 140 mm. Heating: Central, Water. Ventilation: Natural exhaust in the kitchen and in the bathroom. Water supply: cold and hot water from the urban network. Garbage: garbage chute with a loading valve on an inter-storey ladder.
A series of houses 1-515 / 9m - 9-storey houses with 1, 2, 3 - room apartments. Year of construction: 1957-1976. These nine-story buildings can be found in many of the circumferential areas of the capital. By appearance They are similar to a widespread series of "five-story buildings" 1-515 / 5. Outdoor structures are three-layer panels with a thickness of 300 mm. Emergency walls consist of gypsum-concrete panels with a thickness of 160 mm. Inspecially partitions (120 mm) are made of gypsum concrete panels. Cleansing - reinforced concrete panels with a thickness of 140 mm. In the homes of this series, one-room apartments are not provided, but several types of two-room and three-room types are presented, as well as in small quantities - four-room. The layout of three- and four-room apartments in the end and ordinary sections are different: windows overlook or one or two sides. In two-room and largest three-bedroom balconies are small, and in a smaller three-bedroom balcony, the balcony stretches along two rooms.
A series of houses 1605/9 - multisective panel 9-storey house with ordinary and end sections, 1, 2, 3 room apartments. The height of the residential premises is 2.64 m. Tehputpole for the placement of engineering communications. One passenger elevator with a loading capacity of 400 kg. Outdoor walls Three-layer panels 300 mm thick. Internal - gypsum concrete panels thick. 160 mm. Partitions - Gypsum concrete panels 1 20 mm thick. Cleansing - reinforced concrete panels with a thickness of 140 mm. Heating is central, water. Natural exhaust ventilation through ventilation blocks in the bathroom and toilet. Water supply is cold, hot water from the city network. The garbage chute with the loading valve on the inter-storey of the ladder.
A series of houses 1605/12. - Block 12-storey houses-towers with 1, 2 and 3 room apartments. Ceiling height: 2.64 m. The basement for the placement of engineering communications. Lifts: 1 passenger. Outer walls - three-layer panels with a thickness of 300 mm; Inner walls and partitions - Gypsum concrete panels thick, respectively, 160 and 120 mm; Cleansing - reinforced concrete panels with a thickness of 140 mm. Ventilation is a natural exhaust in the kitchen and in the corridor. Gearing with a loading valve on an inter-storey landing.
A series of house II-18 - Block 12-storey houses-towers with 1, 2 and 3 room apartments. The height of the residential premises is 2.64 m. Tehputpole for the placement of engineering communications. Two passenger lifting capacity of 400 kg. Exterior walls - ceramzite concrete blocks (400 mm). Internal - ceramzite concrete blocks (390 mm). Gypsum concrete partitions (80 mm). Overlap - Multipurope panels (220 mm). Heating is central, water. Ventilation is a natural exhaust through ventilation blocks in the kitchen. Water supply - cold and hot water from the city network. Gearing with a loading valve on an inter-storey landing.
C-611 House Series - Broad-powered large-pointed 17-storey houses with 1, 2, 3 room apartments. In 2 - 3-bedroom apartments are two bathrooms. Residential height of 2.70 m. Tehputpol and technical floor to accommodate engineering communications, roof boiler room. Lifts with a lifting capacity of 400 kg, cargo-passenger. The outer walls are three-layer from high-strength ceramzite concrete with insulation of plate polystyrene (350 mm). Domestic reinforced concrete (180 mm). Partitions - 120 mm. Cleansing reinforced concrete (140 mm). Heating from the roof of the automated gas boiler room. Ventilation Natural exhaust through ventilation blocks in the bathroom and toilet. Water supply - cold water from the urban network, hot from the roof boiler room. Gearing with a loading valve on an inter-storey staircase.
We are unlikely to be wrong, if you say, that most apartments in the secondary economy class market of the class "Economy" are brex. They are the pigs in the film Eldar Ryazanov "Irony of Fate, or with light steam ", at the time of the output of which the mass building. Throughout the Soviet Union, like mushrooms, rose entire areas of identical gray houses, and in new quarters it was easy to get lost. In numerous series of these houses, built for the entire long history of "Brezhnev", easy to lose too. So we decided to figure out what "Brezhnevka" is? What is the feature of such apartments? What is worth knowing about, decided to buy one of them? And what are its pros and cons? M.we tell about all the series of apartment buildings, hereinafter referred to as "Brezhnev" (), and continue our detailed analysis of the story about panel and panel— frame houses.
Panel houses
Last time, the analysis of block houses was completed by the story about the I-700 series (1977-1994 of the construction) relating to the latebrevian group of apartment buildings, which can be attributed to "and to yours". The fact is that these houses are already panel, but, nevertheless, are in one "clip" with blocks, having a common serial letter "and" in the title. Recognize the same series can be in a height of 22 floors and a stepped facade. The entrance has two passenger and two cargo-passenger elevators, and the planning of apartments is considered successful not as an example of block "predecessors": - here and the big hall, and the kitchen is more than 10 sq.m. At home, they are high enough on the secondary housing market of economy class of Moscow, and in other regions they simply do not exist.
By the way, how do they differ blocks blocks from panel? Everything is simple enough. First of all sizes building elements: In the panel house, the height of the floor corresponds to the height of the reinforced concrete panel, and the width determines the width of the rooms. Blocked houses are collected from ceramzite concrete and slag concrete blocks. Their size is less than the size of the panel, so that one wall of the floor accounts for several blocks. Overlapping and in the first, and in the second case - hollow reinforced concrete plates. Many shortcomings of block and panel houses are the same:, bad sound and thermal insulation, holes in the connecting places of blocks and panels, cracks between overlap plates. But in block houses less inland bearing walls, which simplifies redevelopment. IN last years Multi-storey block houses are not built, since the block technology is considered obsolete, and the panel is still continued to erect. The panels increased in size, obtained a multi-layered structure and became much more diverse.
Initial panel Moscow series - I-515 / 9M (houses were built from 1957 to 1976). As well as block houses Series II-18/9, the series of the first panels can be considered as early breech and late Khrushchev. You can find it on the cladding of a small square tile of white, bluish or beige shade, and the number of entrances here starts from four. Option series - I-515 / 9Sh - externally distinguished by pair trapezoidal balconies, and its plus is a ceiling height of 264 cm. In both cases, the opening device is possible in interior wallsAnd the disadvantage is the miniature 6-meter kitchens (although it is not a catastrophic 4.5 square). The total dimensions of the apartments are also small, a trash, for example, less than 60 sq.m. While the houses of this series are not demolished, but in the future the mass demolition is quite possible.
Series II-49.represented by nine-story buildings in several sections was built from 1965 to 1968 in Moscow, Moscow region, Tolyatti and Crimea. During the construction for the facing, the glazed colored tile was first used, which had a positive effect on the appearance of the facade, but within the apartment there are plenty of minuses. So, the height of the ceilings here is, alas, 2.5-2.55 meters, and the kitchen metrah is only 6 square meters. That to the total area, the size of the two-axles range from 45 to 47 sq.m., and the swirls do not exceed 60 sq.m. In addition, the series has gained sadness in connection with the so-called "phenolic houses" (the structural elements of some "representatives" of the series contain dangerous phenol).
A multisective panel series appears a few better quality I-605/9 and her 12-storey variety I-605/12that is only in Moscow and the Moscow region. They were built in 1965-1972, demolition is not subject to. Kitchen size here is a little more "encouraging": approximately 6.5 square meters, and the total size of two-axles and tresures are the same as in the last version - 45-47 and about 60 sq.m. respectively. The ceilings "grown up" to 264 cm and no longer look like godes. Inspecially partitions, as in the previous series, gypsum concrete.
Often it is found in Moscow and some other cities a multi-section 12-storey series II-57. and its modifications - 9-storey and 17-storey (years of construction refer to 1963-1970). The series is easily determined by paired or quadrupid, the line of which seems rounded. The height of the ceilings here is 264 cm, the large kitchen is only in the odnushka, and in two-bed and treshka, it is necessary to be content with standard 6 sq.m. Double size is still about 45 sq.m., and the treshka is slightly more spacious - 63 sq.m. What pleases, the houses of the series in the coming years will be overhauled.
All of the listed series refer to early breakdowns and are considered a housing of a low class.
Panel-skewrooms
Due to the high-cost series 1mg-600 It was built for a long time. In Moscow and the region from 1964 to 1967, only about 30 such nine-storey with 4-6 entrances were erected. The planning of the apartments is recognized as fairly successful: here are large kitchens and not the lowest height of the ceilings in 260 cm. Related series 1mg-601 built from 1965 to 1974. Exclusively in Moscow, and more than 80 houses were erected on the capital. The size of apartments and layouts are quite varied, and the series itself is very variable. Judge for yourself: the number of entrances is from 1 to 4, floors - from 14 to 24, the height of the ceilings can be both 248 and 264 cm. General in layouts One: a large kitchen, except the "unfortunate" 4-room apartment. Some series buildings are designed and built on the manner of hotels and hostels, and therefore on the first floor they are lobby.
Option of this series - 1MG-601-441 (which is highlighted in a common serial background) - built in 1971-1976. For employees of embassies and staff of the USSR Foreign Ministry. The houses of the elite series are allocated and planning, and the quality of execution, and a favorable location (for example, the so-called "German town" on Vernadsky Avenue). Built at home "limited edition", they are numbered about twenty.
As early as the Moscow Latestrian Pantels include houses of the series P: P-3, P-4, P-42, P-43, P-44, P-46, P-55. All of them are very similar in their characteristics. In the entrances here two, one of which is usually a cargo-passenger. The outer walls are three-layer (from 30 to 35 cm), and internal - from the usual reinforced concrete (thickness from 14 to 18 cm). Inland partitions are made of concrete or hypsobetone thick from 8 to 12 cm. The bathroom is usually separate, all rooms in apartments are isolated, the height of the ceilings is 264 cm. And in all apartments there are large loggias. The area of \u200b\u200bodnushki and doubles is usually average: one bedroom apartment - from 35 to 39 sq.m., 2 Bedroom - from 50 to 55 sq.m. Treshki is not so "boring" in their monotony and more differ in size. The smallest - 62-66 sq.m. - in P-42 and P-43. The largest - 80-82 sq.m. - in P-46 and in part of the tresk P-3. In the rest of the apartments P-46 and in P-55 - from 70 to 73 sq.m., in P-44 - from 72 to 77 sq.m. All apartments of all listed series have spacious kitchens from 8.5 to 10 sq.m. and electric plates.
P-3 series differed quite low cost of construction and successful layouts. Exterior walls usually white color With red, orange or blue. Along with the series of P-44, it refers to long-lived series in Moscow and MO, these houses were built up to 1998. One of the first representatives of the series - the 1980 Olympic Village in the Moscow District Troparevo. There is mainly 16-17-storey, multisective, but there are several low-rise houses of the series in the southern regions of Moscow. In addition to Moscow, the series is widespread in the suburbs.
P-4 series - These are beautiful single-purpose 16-22-storey tower of white and light blue, which, unfortunately, Muscovites are infrequent. The disadvantages here, of course, are: from P-3, this series is not different for the better with thin internal partitions, which. But the apartments have successful layouts, but for redevelopment due to the features of partitions are considered not too suitable.
Twin series P-42 and P-43 Posted by panel 16-storey testers of greenish color, single or tweed in contact with angles. Such panels were built only in Moscow and the region and had their own characteristics. P-42 had four-room apartments, but were not one-room, and in P-43 - on the contrary, why this series was more popular: 25 against 220 constructed houses, respectively. P-42 was built in 1974-1979, P-43 - somewhat longer, until 1985, the houses are considered quite high-quality, and not always good thermal insulation from the shortcomings.
P-46 series - Another popular Brezhnev long-lived. The colors of the houses (they were also called Czech, as the series was developed in conjunction with Czech designers) - brown or white-blue, the number of entrances is two or more. The series was successfully built in Moscow and Moscow region from 1971 to 1998, but in the 90s - already rarely.
Series P-44 - the most popular Moscow series, built from 1978 to 2000, which is also a great-grandinant of modern panel series P-44-K, P-44M, P-44TM, as well as the most massive today series of modern panel houses P-44T, which has already been built more than 800. Externally, however, all the child series differ from P-44 is quite strong. And it is interesting for what the predecessors have no predecessors, it was designed, which is called from scratch. In Moscow, the series is presented in each area in which mass development was carried out during these years. Also at home of the series are present in many cities of the Moscow region, in Petrozavodsk, Nizhnevartovsk, Rostov-on-Don and some other cities. A total of 1200 houses in Moscow, 200 - in the Moscow region, 100 - in the regions. Houses have from 8 to 17 floors, two or more entrances, as well as white-blue, white-beige, white and brown facades. The planning of apartments are considered very successful, and a certain plus from the point of view of redevelopment is the possibility of demolishing partitions between the corridor and the living room in Treshka.
P-55 series - The most late of these episodes, years of its construction - 1978-2002, and most of the houses were erected in the post-gravel era. Houses of houses - 9, 12, 14; The number of entrances is two or more. The series has the most diverse of all episodes. color gamut. There is a whole palette - houses can be brown, white, blue, beige, yellow, orange and pink. The series is common in Moscow and some cities of the Moscow region, and its specificity is that it was designed specifically with the possibility of building along the transport highways, so at home were erected from noise-proof panels and have a planning, in which most residential premises windows overlook the courtyard, and Not for an unsightly driving part. The series also has a subsidiary in the modern panel P-55m.
And finally, two panel towers: I-521A and "Swan". The houses of these series can be counted on the fingers, but they are very spectacular and made their lively crimson glare into the architectural appearance of the city of Brezhnev pore. I-521A - Experimental series, building type has a complex name - "panel, with a monolithic stiffener core." The houses were too expensive for mass construction and the developers did not use special success. For twenty years - from 1974 to 1994 - in Moscow it was built only with a dozen of such. Structurally, they differ in high resistance, which made it possible to make them 25-storey, and these high-rise buildings look very profitably against the background of surrounding quarters. Although apartments with a large 10-meter kitchen have a generally average size, in the secondary housing market they are valued high enough.
The same can be said about the apartments in the houses of the Swan series. Floor "Swan" less: 16 and 20 floors, but look at home is also very impressive, and in their golden time was considered super el. Most famous representatives - a complex of four 16-storey houses on the Leningrad highway on the shore of the Khimki reservoir and the so-called "house on the legs" at the intersection of the running street and the Leningradsky Avenue (not to be confused with the VDNH, where Sergey Lukyanenko settled the hero of the Night Watch: the house was built by Author's project of architects Andreeva and Zaicina).
The complex on the Leningrad highway is interesting, among other things, the fact that it is the forerunner of modern residential complexes, in which several homes are united architecturally and structurally, and in the basement there is a necessary infrastructure for residents: stores, clinic, kindergarten etc. And these are the first panel houses in Moscow with underground parking. The Swan Series at home belongs to the type of frame-panel, the first of them, those in the Leningrad highway, were built in 1972-1973. Nearby, also near Leningrad, before the beginning of the 80s, several more houses were erected. The last "swan" was built in 2003, flights from the north to the south of the capital, to Miklukho-Maclay Street. Despite the elimination, 1-room and 2-room apartments here are medium in size, albeit with a 10-meter cuisine. But the 3rd and 4-room are already close to the current standards, and the kitchens have grown to 13-meter. And all the apartments have huge loggias, when the gnings are glazed, full-fledged rooms. Using the example of "Swan", it is especially clearly seen how a beautiful building can displease, almost a monument of architecture, uncontrolled glazing and installation of air conditioners. Now the "swans" look rather shapped due to diverse glass windows, built on the balconies of the huts, and walls, like flown flies by mounted blocks of air conditioning.
St. Petersburg panel houses according to the characteristics are similar to Moscow, but externally, some popular series differ significantly. The most characteristic of the old panel of Peter can be called a six-day series - "Houses-ships". Once they have become a breakthrough in St. Petersburg city planning and were considered prestigious. At home series 1-LH-600 They are really like ships thanks to the solid rows of windows around the facade. It is simply impossible to confuse with other series. At home can have a different number of entrances and floors, since they periodically refined and numbered several generations. Characteristics of apartments are practically the same as Khrushchev: the ceilings are 2.5 meters, the kitchen is 6.2-6.3 sq.m., however, the bathroom is separate here. The clear disadvantage of the series is bad thermal insulation, these houses are one of the coldest in St. Petersburg. And one more chronic disadvantage - leakage by the facade.
Most recently, it became known that on Sicairen Street in St. Petersburg (by the way, the street was named after Alfaro Sikeros, a Mexican monumental artist who contributed to the architecture) a staircase was collapsed, and the second time. So home-ships over time showed another significant disadvantage.
Among the modifications of the series in the positive side stands out 1-LG600A / 70. The external difference lies in the fact that the sections are located protrusions, and the peculiarity of its planning is about 12 square meters in large kitchens. The pluses of the series include the location in oldest bedroom areas. Due to this, in the secondary economy-class housing market, they are rather competitive and liquid.
Alice Orlova