Cervicitis of the cervix: causes and proper treatment of the disease. Symptoms of cervicitis of the cervix Bacterial cervicitis

Cervicitis – pathological process, which is characterized by inflammation in the lower segment of the uterus. Combined with vaginitis, vulvitis and other diseases inherent in the female reproductive system.

The main cause of cervicitis is infection with viruses, pathogenic microbes that are sexually transmitted.

The inflammatory process of the mucous membrane begins due to the entry of pathogenic organisms into the vagina, as a result of which the thick mucus liquefies and ceases to protect the structure of the epithelium. The infection multiplies and actively spreads to the cervix. Over time, the pathogenic environment penetrates into the uterus, onto the bladder, appendages, and kidneys.

The development of cervicitis is promoted by:

• Previous HPV infection;
• Irritation that may occur due to taking contraceptives or using hygiene products;
• Allergic reaction in the vaginal microflora to latex, artificial lubricant, hygiene products;
• Weakened immune system due to other diseases, cervical prolapse;
• Injuries received during abortion and childbirth;
• Menopause period.

Symptoms

Acute cervicitis is characterized by profuse discharge of leucorrhoea mixed with pus. Accompanied by pain, itching and burning, which become stronger when urinating. The urge to urinate is unproductive and frequent. The pain is aching, cutting, concentrated in the lower abdomen, reminiscent of menstrual pain.

The main symptoms of cervicitis that occur in diseases:

• – frequent and painful urination;
• Inflammation in the cervix and adnexitis - elevated temperature (more than 37 degrees);
• – yellow discharge with cervicitis;
• – not abundant, colorless, having bad smell;
• – foam; candidiasis - the consistency of curdled milk;
• Pseudo-erosion - scanty discharge mixed with blood after sexual intercourse.

All symptoms worsen after menstruation, this fact is a distinctive characteristic.

Chronic cervicitis is characterized by mild or complete absence of clinical symptoms.

During this period, a displacement of the endocervix cells behind the external os (pseudo-erosion) is formed, the discharge is cloudy (in rare cases with pus), and the inflammation is mild. Swelling and redness can spread to adjacent tissues, the cervix becomes denser, and nabothian cysts and infiltrates form.

Classification

In addition to the acute and chronic stages, there are several varieties of this disease. The symptoms are most often similar, but identifying the type of disease is necessary in order to undergo the necessary treatment, which varies due to different pathogens that provoked one or another type of inflammation.

Non-specific

Appears due to conditionally pathogenic microflora: enterococcus, staphylococcus, streptococcus. The symptoms are similar to the typical manifestation of the disease, the type of discharge is determined by the pathogen, pain is rare, and the acute nature decreases.

Purulent

The pathogenic process spreads to the outer part of the lower segment of the uterus. Purulent cervicitis is provoked by the diseases gonococcus, trachoma bacillus,. To identify purulent cervicitis, it is necessary to use special laboratory methods: polymer chain reaction, bacteriological culture.

Therapy includes taking antibacterial medications, which should be used together by sexual partners.

The attending physician prescribes treatment immediately after the examination, without waiting for tests, and later the course of therapy is adjusted.

Atrophic

Appears during a period of decreasing estrogen formation (the process of physiological aging). The deficiency of female sex hormones contributes to changes in the processes that occur in the vaginal epithelium. The acidity of the environment and the protective functions of the microflora decrease. This environment is favorable for the growth of pathogenic microbes. Atrophic cervicitis is most often an age-related disease.

Thinning of the mucous membrane occurs, accompanied by the appearance of ulcers and inflammation. Atrophic inflammation can occur due to traumatic manipulation due to disruption of the structure of the cervical canal or natural childbirth.

To identify this type of disease, a smear is taken, and according to its characteristics, the type and degree of the inflammatory process are determined. Treatment consists of undergoing hormone therapy.

Lymphocytic

The nature of the disease is asymptomatic and is relevant for women during menopause. In the process, follicular formations are formed. If a lymphocytic form is detected, it is necessary to undergo a partial examination to refute (confirm) a malignant tumor - lymphosarcoma.

Cystic

A form of cervicitis with concomitant formation of cysts (benign) in the cervical area. The cause of cystic inflammation is blockage of the mucous glands, their further spread.

Inflammation appears against the background of infection with HPV, herpes, and human viruses. The disease does not have any special characteristics and features, so it is difficult to recognize, it is confirmed in the laboratory.

In men

Cervicitis is rare in men. Manifested by inflammation of the foreskin, gland, testicles, seminal vesicles. Classified into specific and nonspecific. The reason for the appearance of a specific form is due to the entry of pathogenic organisms into the body.

Diagnostics

The gynecologist examines foci of inflammation, detecting an increase in the coverage of the columnar epithelium, areas of hemorrhage, swelling of the vaginal walls, and genital organs located externally. During infection, you can observe discharge that is specific in color, structure and abundance.

A smear is a technique that allows you to detect pathogenic organisms and the level of leukocytes (excess indicates inflammation).

The doctor takes a smear from the cervix to examine under a microscope. Cytology also helps identify cancer cells. The collected analysis is sown on a nutrient medium, this procedure helps to determine the type of disease, what pathogenic organisms it is caused by (chlamydia, mycoplasma, virus) and identify its resistance to antibacterial drugs.

Sowing allows you to competently and most effectively design a course of therapy.

Pathological lesions on the cervix appear during chronic inflammation; they are detected by treatment with iodine solution. It is necessary to carry out, the procedure allows you to examine a large-scale image of the lining of the cervix and identify microtraumas and malignant cells. Chronic cervicitis involves curettage of the canal between the cervix and uterus, studying the composition of the cells. To exclude possible tumors, the cellular material is examined using ultrasound.

Treatment

First, the sources that provoked cervicitis are identified and eliminated, treatment using metronidazole, acyclovir, diflucan, terzhinan. Hormonal medications are used (chronic cervicitis). The vaginal microflora is corrected through the use of eubiotics and immunocorrectors. If there is erosion, it is necessary to undergo cryotherapy or laser therapy after eliminating the inflammation.

Drugs

The treatment strategy is directly dependent on the identified disease factor:

• Fungal infection - use orally, suppositories with econazole and Natamycin tablets in the vagina.
• Bacterial infection - use antibiotics for cervicitis (Neomycinn suppositories, Metronidazole); anti-inflammatory and antibacterial medications (terzhinan); after eliminating the inflammation, use special suppositories with beneficial ingredients to resume the normal activity of the microflora.
• Atrophic inflammation - the use of suppositories that contain estriol.
• Chlamydial infection - combined use of Tetracycline for at least three weeks.

Folk remedies

Ingredients: 20 g tansy, juniper, sage, birch buds, 10 g alder cones, yarrow, eucalyptus. 2 tbsp. l. Brew a glass of boiling water, steam for 10 minutes, leave for 30 minutes, strain. Drink 70 ml 3 times after meals, from 4 weeks.

Complications

Possible consequences of cervicitis include erosion of the cervix, spread of infection to other organs, inflammation of the glands that are located in the vestibule of the vagina, inflammation of the appendages, malignant neoplasm of the cervical area, risk.

Cervicitis during pregnancy is fraught with miscarriage, premature birth, transmission of infection to the fetus, and complications during childbirth.

Azithromycin and medications prescribed individually by a doctor are used to treat pregnant women.

Prevention

Sex with cervicitis is accompanied by discomfort; if there is no discomfort and inflammation is not associated with it, sexual relations are allowed.

To prevent inflammation of the cervix, you need to visit a doctor once every six months, use contraception correctly, eliminate cervical ruptures, not have sex with more than one partner, and strengthen your immune system.

Cervicitis refers to pathologies of the female genital area of ​​an inflammatory nature. It is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the cervix (vaginal part) and its cervical canal. Very often it accompanies more extensive pathological processes (vulvovaginitis, colpitis), and is rarely an independent disease.

The cervix is ​​a kind of barrier, the task of which is to prevent the spread of infection through the ascending route into the uterus and its appendages. If its protective function is impaired, then pathogenic microorganisms penetrate the upper parts of the woman’s internal genital organs, provoking the development of cervicitis. The woman begins to be bothered by atypical discharge, periodic or constant pain localized in the lower abdomen, which intensifies during sexual intercourse or urination.: 7 out of 10 women with cervicitis are of childbearing age, and only 3 are in menopause. This is due to a greater extent to the reasons that provoke it. It is important not to postpone a visit to the gynecologist if alarming symptoms appear, since untreated cervicitis provokes the development of cervical erosion, the formation of polyps on it and other complications.

Possible causes of cervicitis

This inflammatory disease is formed as a result of the following reasons:

Opportunistic microorganisms cause cervicitis by entering the cervix by contact (directly from the rectum), and specific microorganisms (chlamydia, gonococci, trichomonas) by sexual contact. Factors that provoke inflammation in this case are malignant tumors, scars on the cervix, a decrease in the body’s immune forces, and contraceptives.

Important:Cervicitis can be different: atrophic, viral, candidal, chlamydial, purulent, bacterial. That is why treatment must be selected taking into account the pathogen, since the therapeutic regimen must include different groups drugs.

Varieties of cervitis

Cervitis can manifest itself in the form of endocervicitis (inflammation of the vaginal part of the cervix) and exocervicitis (inflammation of the vaginal part), have an acute and chronic form.

Exocervicitis

Exocervitis is an inflammation that develops in the area of ​​the exocervix, that is, the segment of the cervix located in the vagina. In the acute stage, patients complain of mucopurulent discharge and pain in the lower abdomen.

Upon examination, the doctor will find the following signs of exocervicitis:

• eroded surface of the cervix;
• visually noticeable redness in the area of ​​the external opening of the cervical canal;
• microabscesses;
• swelling of the mucous membrane of the neck;
• copious discharge (mucus, pus);
• periglandular infiltrates in plural.

If the process is chronic, inflammation spreads to deeper connective and muscle tissues, and upon examination, pseudo-erosion can be detected. Secondary infection also occurs, the epithelium on the cervix is ​​torn off, it hypertrophies, becomes denser, and cysts can form on it.

Endocervicitis

Endocervicitis is considered to be the presence of an inflammatory process on the endocervix - the mucous membrane that lines the cervical canal of the cervix from the inside. It is usually caused by specific microorganisms, that is, viruses, bacteria and fungi.

In most cases, endocervicitis is diagnosed in women aged 20 to 40 years. It develops after intrauterine medical procedures and diseases of other female genital organs. This type of cervicitis progresses very quickly and develops into a chronic form with an erased symptom complex. Discharge of various types, pain of varying intensity, and local itching may be observed. During the examination, the gynecologist will notice swelling of the cervix, cherry coloring of the mucous membrane, small erosions in the plural (with purulent plaque sometimes), mucus with pus in the cervical canal.

The potential danger of endocervicitis is complications. They occur when the pathological process spreads along the ascending pathways, which can cause adnexitis, endometritis, etc.

Chronic cervicitis

Cervicitis becomes chronic if its acute phase is not treated.

This condition has the following typical manifestations:

Diagnosis of cervicitis

Taking into account the fact that pathology often does not make itself felt, it is usually detected during the next preventive examination.

Examination of a woman, making and confirming a diagnosis consists of the following mandatory diagnostic points:

1. collecting anamnesis (features of sexual life, number of pregnancies, births, abortions, past illnesses);
2. gynecological examination (bimanual and using speculum);
3. colposcopy (its task is to clarify the presence and type of pathological changes on the epithelial layer of the cervix);
4. laboratory research:
   • bacteriological seeding of material (discharge, mucus) to determine the type of pathogen and the level of its sensitivity to a/b;
   • cytology smear, which allows you to determine the presence of oncological changes at the cellular level;
   • microscopy of secretions to study the bacterial flora, which are taken from three places (urethra, cervical canal, vagina).

As additional studies, if necessary, the gynecologist may prescribe:

• general urine analysis;
• HIV analysis;
• clinical blood test;
• culture for gonococcus;
• RW analysis.

The cervix is ​​a kind of barrier, the task of which is to prevent the spread of infection through the ascending route into the uterus and its appendages. If its protective function is impaired, then pathogenic microorganisms penetrate the upper parts of the woman’s internal genital organs, provoking the development of cervicitis. The woman begins to be bothered by atypical discharge, periodic or constant pain localized in the lower abdomen, which intensifies during sexual intercourse or urination.: Cervicitis has a fairly deep localization. Taking into account the fact that it is most often infectious in nature, it greatly increases the risk of endometritis (inflammation of the uterine mucosa), etc.

Treatment of cervicitis of the cervix

Exist general rules treatment of cervicitis:

• mandatory unscheduled visit to the urologist by the partner;
• refusal of active sexual life (exclusively for the period of treatment);
• Only condoms are allowed as a contraceptive.

Treatment of cervicitis cervix is ​​based on eliminating its root cause (infection).

Today there are a lot of different and quite effective methods and drugs that are selected based on the causative agent of cervicitis:

• in case of atrophy, estrogens are used;
• chlamydial is treated with such drugs as Sumamed, Doxycycline, Maxaquin;
• herpetic requires taking Acyclovir, vitamins, immunostimulants, antiherpetic immunoglobulin;
• candidiasis implies the prescription of Diflucan;
• Cervicitis due to a virus requires the use of cytostatics, interferon and removal of the condylomas themselves.

Usually the scheme also includes combined local drugs, such as Terzhinan, and after the elimination of the acute period, treatment of the cervix with Chlorophyllipt is prescribed. For the fastest regeneration of the epithelium and normalization of natural microflora, Ovestin is used.

Among the methods of physiotherapy, the following procedures are practiced on the uterine area:

• magnetic therapy;
• DMV therapy;
• darsonvalization with a vaginal electrode;
• electrophoresis with magnesium;

Chronic cervicitis is difficult to treat using classical methods, so it is more effective to use the following methods:

• diathermocoagulation;
• cryotherapy;
• laser therapy.

Important: The treatment process for cervicitis should be accompanied by laboratory monitoring and colposcopy to monitor the pathology over time and evaluate the effectiveness of therapy.

Local treatment of cervicitis with suppositories

Suppositories, tablets and cream that are applied locally, that is, topically, also give good results, but provided that they are part of a comprehensive treatment regimen for cervicitis. All of them are divided into several types, and they are prescribed exclusively by a gynecologist after receiving test results.

In particular, cervicitis is treated with suppositories of the following pharmacological groups:

• antifungal;

Women's reproductive system is arranged very complexly and subtly. In the absence of any pathologies, a woman can live a full life: work productively, actively relax, have sex and give birth to children. But if any of the components of the reproductive system fails, various problems appear. As a rule, failures occur due to diseases and pathological processes. One such process is cervicitis. What is such a deviation and how to deal with it? Let's try to figure it out.

By its nature, cervicitis is a type of inflammatory process that occurs in the vaginal segment of the cervix. If there is such a defect, specific discharge comes out of the vagina, and there may be pain discomfort in the lower abdomen. In addition, pain may accompany urination, as well as sexual contact.

Cervicitis - what is it?

This pathology is quite dangerous, because it can provoke additional complications. What causes cervicitis?

Causes of cervicitis

The fact is that the cervix is ​​a kind of natural shield that protects the uterus itself and the upper genital tract from infectious agents. Under the influence of harmful factors, the protective functionality of the cervix may decline. As a result of this weakening, pathogenic microflora penetrates into the uterus, and the pathological process begins. This process is called cervicitis.

Cervicitis of the cervix is ​​divided into 2 types according to the localization of inflammation:

1. exocervicitis;
2. endocervicitis.

With exocervicitis, the vaginal part of the cervix becomes inflamed. With endocervicitis, the inner lining of the cervical canal is affected.

The occurrence of the pathology in question can be provoked by a variety of pathogens.

As a rule, cervicitis of the cervix occurs due to exposure to:

• staphylococcus;
• coli;
• streptococcus;
• pathogenic fungi;
• gonococcus;
• syphilis;
• Trichomonas;
• certain protozoal infectious agents.

Mechanical damage to the cervix can also affect the formation of cervicitis.

The causes of cervicitis may be:

• cervical injuries during childbirth;
• damage to the inner lining of the vagina during preventive curettage;
• poor-quality abortion;
• poor installation or unprofessional removal of the intrauterine device.

Inflammation can develop if a woman has benign formations in the vaginal area. A weak immune system can contribute to the onset of such inflammation.

Often, cervicitis progresses on a large scale, causing the appearance of additional defects. In particular, vaginitis, vulvitis, and pseudo-erosion of the cervix may develop.

As for the risk group, it includes women of reproductive age. According to statistics, more than 70% of women who had any type of cervicitis were aged from 20 to 45 years. However, occasionally, cervicitis can also be detected in women during menopause.

The pathology is extremely dangerous for pregnant women. It can cause premature birth or miscarriage.

Symptoms

Symptoms of cervicitis differ depending on the type of pathology. Medicine distinguishes several types of cervicitis (depending on the characteristics of its course). So, according to the time of occurrence they distinguish:

• chronic cervicitis;
• acute cervicitis;
• hidden cervicitis.

Depending on the extent to which segments of the reproductive system are affected, cervicitis can be

• focal
• diffuse.

Occasionally, a hidden type of flow may occur. In acute cases, mucous or purulent discharge may be present. Less commonly, a woman may experience painful discomfort in the lower abdomen. There is often swelling of the external opening of the cervical canal. Hemorrhages and ulcers may also occur.

The severity of cervicitis also depends on the type of pathogen and the strength of the immune system; symptoms may vary depending on the organism.

For example, the gonorrheal type of cervicitis is acute, with clear symptoms. Cervicitis is quickly diagnosed.

If the causative agent is chlamydia, the symptoms may be less obvious.

When the cause of the pathology is herpes, severe redness of the cervix occurs. In addition, with inflammation of a herpetic nature, ulcers often form on the uterine cervix.

If cervicitis is of Trichomonas origin, there is a high probability of mild hemorrhages. At the same time, a smear taken for analysis may contain atypical cellular components.

When the causative agents of cervicitis are actinomycetes, the so-called “yellow granular spot” symptom is present.

Human papillomavirus is also capable of causing this type inflammation, the symptoms in this case have some differences. With this reason, condylomas may occur. There is also a high risk of developing cervical ulcers.

In the absence of timely therapeutic measures, the inflammatory process becomes chronic, and the symptoms change slightly. Chronic cervicitis is less pronounced. The discharge becomes more cloudy, and pseudo-erosion of the vaginal component of the uterus may occur. As it becomes chronic, the main symptoms of cervicitis (such as swelling) become less obvious. The pathological process can affect nearby tissues and glands. There is a high risk of cyst formation. Almost always, the structure of the cervix becomes atypically dense.

Diagnostics

The main danger of cervicitis is that it often occurs without symptoms, which is why women rarely seek help from specialists. As a rule, this type of inflammation is detected during routine gynecological examinations of the cervix, or after examinations when women come to the hospital for other problems. If there is a suspicion of cervicitis, all diagnostic measures are aimed at determining the root cause of the pathology.

Often, the diagnosis of cervicitis includes:

• examination of the cervix using speculum;
• colposcopy, thanks to which you can clearly see atypical changes in the uterine epithelium;
• various laboratory examination techniques (micro-examination of smears, bacterial cultures, cytomorphological examinations).

In acute cases, smears contain many leuko-lympho- and histiocytes. In chronic cervicitis, cellular components of columnar epithelium of various sizes are visible. Occasionally it is possible to detect traces of cellular destruction.

Thanks to a bacteriological examination, you can find out the type and type of organisms that provoked inflammation. Also, through this analysis, it is possible to select the most appropriate type of antibiotics.

Cytomorphology of the smear makes it possible to thoroughly study damage to cellular components. Also, thanks to it, you can observe the dynamics of cellular changes during the treatment stage. A procedure called PCR allows you to detect pathogens of an infectious nature (gonorrhea, chlamydia, papillomavirus).

Treatment

Fortunately, modern medicine knows a lot of techniques with which you can treat cervicitis. Treatment is primarily aimed at eliminating provoking factors (weak immunity, hormonal imbalances). In addition, concomitant pathologies must be healed.

Cervicitis is a pathology that can cause many complications and health problems. If you notice symptoms of cervicitis, consult a specialist. Treatment should be carried out by an experienced doctor!

As a rule, treatment involves the use of antibacterial and antiviral drugs. The selection of funds is carried out by the attending physician. The choice depends on the susceptibility of the pathogenic component to a particular drug and on the stage of the pathological process.

For chlamydial inflammation, tetracycline antibiotics (for example, monomycin), macrolides, and quinolones are prescribed. For candidiasis-type cervicitis, fluconazole is often prescribed. To obtain a better result, different drugs can be combined, which speeds up treatment. The type of medicine can be different: both tablet forms of medicine and suppositories are used.

Local treatment can be used when the pathological process is already beginning to weaken. For local therapy, the vagina and cervix can be treated with a three percent dimethyl sulfoxide solution and a two percent chlorophyllipt solution. In addition, doctors often prescribe treatment with a solution containing silver nitrates.

Treating viral cervicitis is quite problematic. So, in the presence of genital herpes, treatment is quite long. It involves taking antiviral drugs (for example, acyclovir), special antiherpes Igs, vitamin complexes, immune system stimulants.

To eliminate papillomavirus lesions, interferons and cytostatics are used; If necessary, condylomas are removed. If the inflammation is atrophic in nature, treatment involves the use of female hormones. This measure helps restore the vaginal and uterine epithelium. In addition, the balance of microflora and cervical tissue is restored. If specific infectious lesions occur, the sexual partner of the sick woman must also undergo treatment.

For chronic cervicitis, conservative treatment measures are less effective. For this reason, doctors prescribe surgery:

• diathermocoagulation;
• cryotherapy;
• laser processing.

However, for the operation to be permitted, the woman must be free of infections. Before and after the operation, measures are continued to be taken to eliminate associated defects; Efforts are also made to normalize the balance of microflora.

So that the doctor can monitor the entire treatment process, the woman periodically undergoes colposcopy. Also, smears must be taken for laboratory examination. The cervix may be examined in a gynecological chair to monitor treatment.

Prevention measures

As you can see, cervicitis is an extremely unpleasant pathology that can negatively affect a woman’s life.

However, “getting to know” her can be avoided. To do this, you need to follow a number of simple preventive measures:

• regularly observe intimate hygiene;
• protect yourself from unwanted pregnancy so as not to have an abortion later, which can provoke inflammation and cervicitis;
• treat infectious lesions of the vagina and cervix in a timely manner;
• follow all medical recommendations during pregnancy and at the stage of childbirth, so as not to damage the cervix during the birth of the child;
• eliminate endocrine system dysfunctions in a timely manner.

These rules are quite enough to protect yourself from cervicitis and the accompanying problems it causes.

Video on the topic

IN last years There is a pronounced tendency towards an increase in cases of female infertility. Many patients are faced with the fact that the cause of reproductive system problems is inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. Most often, doctors have to treat cervicitis. This pathology is extremely dangerous because in the initial stages of development it is almost impossible to suspect it: up to 90% of cases are detected during a random examination. That is why doctors recommend devoting more time to the rules of individual prevention and carefully taking care of your health.

What is cervicitis of the cervix

Cervicitis is an inflammatory disease of an infectious or non-infectious nature, which is accompanied by damage to the mucous membrane of the cervix. Women of any age suffer from this pathology, but there are also vulnerable groups of the population:

• teenagers during the period of menstruation;
• pregnant women;
• persons who have undergone surgery in the cervical area;
• patients after radiation or chemotherapy.

"Cervix" in Latin means cervix, and the ending "itis" means inflammation. That is why pathology is called this way.

What types of disease are there?

Classification of cervicitis according to the nature of the course:

• acute (intensive increase in symptoms over 1–2 days);
• subacute (smooth onset, duration 2–4 weeks);
• chronic (smoothed course for more than six months with periodic deterioration).

Types of disease according to the reason that caused it:

• infectious (pathogenic microflora such as fungi, protozoa, bacteria, viruses);
• non-infectious (triggered by injury, radiation, taking pharmaceuticals, poisoning).

Classification of infectious cervicitis according to the nature of microorganisms:

• nonspecific - under the influence of microbes that normally live in the human body (Candida, staphylococcus, streptococcus, E. coli);
• specific - when pathogens are introduced into the body that are not found in healthy person(chlamydia, ureaplasma, mycoplasma, amoeba, herpes virus).

Varieties of the disease according to the localization of the focus of altered cells:

• endocervicitis (inner surface of the cervix);
• exocervicitis (outer part of the cervix).

Classification of pathology according to morphological changes in the mucous membrane:

• cystic (formation of cavities containing clear liquid);
• lymphocytic (infiltration of the mucosa by lymphocyte cells);
• atrophic (death of the upper layer of soft tissue with the formation of inflammatory segments);
• herpetic (appearance of pathological rashes in the form of blisters).

Forms of the disease according to the severity of clinical manifestations:

• minimal (virtually no symptoms);
• moderate (more intense symptoms);
• maximum (intoxication of the body and severe damage to the mucous membrane of the cervix).

Video: doctor talks about the disease

Why does cervicitis occur?

The inflammatory process is formed against the background of penetration of pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses or fungi) into the mucous membrane. They get into human body through unprotected sexual intercourse, using someone else's hygiene products, or from another source of infection (carious tooth, abscess, phlegmon). Gradually, microbes multiply and accumulate, forming toxins. This contributes to the formation of pathological discharge. If cervicitis is non-infectious, the mucous membrane is affected mainly mechanically.

Factors that increase the likelihood of developing the disease:

• promiscuity;
• performing surgical procedures, dressings and manipulations in the cervical area;
• difficult childbirth with ruptures or abortions with curettage of the mucous membrane;
• intrauterine contraceptive devices (spiral);
• scar deformities;
• intense sexual intercourse;
• abnormal development of the genital organs;
• primary or secondary immune deficiencies;
• uncontrolled use of antibacterial and hormonal drugs;
• obesity and sedentary lifestyle;
• inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs;
• disruption of normal blood circulation in the vessels of the lower half of the body ().

The main symptomatic manifestations of the pathology

Cervicitis in 90% of cases develops gradually. Signs of the disease slowly and steadily increase, which forces the patient to seek treatment. medical care. If you have not encountered a similar illness before, it will be extremely difficult to suspect it yourself. Cervicitis is characterized by:

1. Formation of pathological discharge. They are toxic products of the activity of microorganisms in combination with dying cells of the mucous membrane. The discharge is yellow, brown or green color, may contain blood impurities with massive vascular damage. The smell and consistency depend on the pathogenic microflora that caused the inflammatory process.
2. Pain during sexual intercourse and increased sensitivity. The soft tissues of the vagina and cervix react sharply to even minor impacts, which causes women discomfort. At physical activity or stress, this symptom intensifies. Painful sensations of aching and pulling nature may also be present at rest, which is an unfavorable prognostic sign.
3. Swelling and redness of soft tissues. When the inflammatory process moves beyond the cervix, the mucous membrane of the vagina and external genitalia is affected. They turn red and increase in size, which also indicates an acute course of the pathology.
4. The syndrome of general intoxication is typical for massive lesions of the cervix. Patients complain of fever up to 38–39 degrees, periodic chills, weakness, sleep disturbances, headaches and dizziness. 70% of victims experience nausea and vomiting not associated with meals. Doctors explain this as the body's reaction to damage to soft tissues under the influence of microbial toxins.

Photo gallery: changes in the mucous membrane of the cervix with cervicitis

Damage to the cervix is ​​accompanied by pathological discharge During the inflammatory process, protrusion of the mucous membrane occurs Upon examination, you can see redness and swelling of the soft tissues due to inflammation

Cervicitis and pregnancy

The inflammatory process in the cervix is ​​a serious threat not only for those who want to become a mother, but also for women who are already bearing offspring. During pregnancy, intense hormonal changes occur in a girl’s body, as a result of which the immune system becomes more vulnerable to harmful factors. environment. Even fleeting contact with pathogenic bacteria, fungi or viruses is sufficient for infection.

Cervicitis during pregnancy is much more severe: women experience intense pain in the uterus and vagina, and the child behaves extremely restlessly. The placenta (baby place), through which the baby receives nutrients, is also permeable to most pathogenic microorganisms. This often leads to infection of the fetus and various complications of pregnancy and childbirth:

• miscarriage: spontaneous abortions and miscarriages in late and early stages;
• placental insufficiency and oxygen deficiency;
• labor abnormalities (low or high uterine tone);
• delayed growth and development of the child.

Methods for diagnosing cervicitis of the cervix

If you suspect an inflammatory process, you should immediately seek help from the hospital. At the initial examination, only changes in the external and internal genital organs (swelling, redness, presence of discharge) can be detected. Symptoms of cervicitis are similar to other diseases:

• candidiasis;
• ureaplasmosis;
• gonorrhea;
• trichomoniasis;
• colpitis;
• endometritis;
• syphilis;
• herpes virus.

Do not forget that 4 hours before visiting the doctor and taking tests, it is forbidden to wash or douche the vagina, as this contributes to the appearance of unreliable results. I participated in the treatment of a patient whom doctors were unable to diagnose in time for this reason. An hour before going to the gynecologist, the victim douched her vagina with an antiseptic solution. This led to the destruction of most of the secretions contaminated with microbes. The smear data showed a negative result, while in fact the woman had chronic cervicitis. It was possible to identify the disease several months later, when the symptoms became more than obvious.

Methods used to confirm the diagnosis:

Which doctor should I contact?

If you have been suffering from symptoms of a disease that resembles cervicitis for a long time, you need to visit a gynecologist. It is he who will prescribe all the necessary examinations and help confirm or refute the diagnosis. In the event that there is no such doctor, it is permissible to visit a dermatovenerologist and take smears in his office, which reveal pathogenic microflora.

Various treatment options for the disease

Therapy for cervicitis begins with the use of medications. For uncomplicated forms of the disease, doctors use gentle remedies that are easily excreted by the kidneys and utilized by the liver.

If the disease exists in the body for quite a long time, more powerful and heavier drugs are used that have maximum effect. In cases where cervicitis cannot be treated with medication, doctors decide on the need for surgery. During the recovery stages, physiotherapeutic procedures of various types are widely used.

Use of Pharmaceuticals

Drug therapy for cervicitis involves the use of medications that eliminate symptoms and are responsible for fighting the pathogen. The first group includes etiotropic drugs, most of which are sold only with a doctor's prescription. Many of the medications are used for topical administration in the form of ointments, gels, suppositories, and douching solutions.

Do not forget that the duration of the therapeutic course and the specifics of the use of medications are determined only by a gynecologist. Self-administration can lead to uncontrollable consequences.

1. Drugs for etiotropic treatment of cervicitis:
2. Antibiotics are used to fight bacteria that cause inflammation. They contribute to the death of harmful microbes and prevent their further development. Most often, Keflex, Claforan, Rocephin, Fortum, Vancomycin, Augmentin, Rondomycin, Tienam, Teicoplanin, Primaxin, Imipenem, Caten, Cefoperazone, Ceftriaxone, Ceclor, Cefalotin, Maxipim, Vancocin, Chloramphenicol, Sintomycin, Tobramycin are used for this purpose.
3. Antiviral agents destroy viral microflora and strengthen the body's immunity. These include Oxolin, Metisazone, Saquinavir, Poludan, Megosin, Cycloferon, Foscanet, Neviapine, Stavudi, Zerit, Azidothymidine, Midantan, Arbidol.

Antifungal drugs kill various fungi, which also cause the development of cervicitis. For this purpose, Miconazole, Pimafucin, Griseofulvin, Natamycin, Naftifin, Fetimin, Nitrofungin, Batrafen, Ciclopirox, Clotrimazole, Decamine, Fluconazole, Terbinafine, Nizoral are used.

Photo gallery: etiotropic drugs to combat cervical inflammation Augmentin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic to fight bacteria Cycloferon causes the death of viruses and strengthens the immune system

Pimafucin effectively fights fungus

1. Douching solutions cleanse the vagina of excess secretions and prepare it for the introduction of suppositories or creams. This group includes the antiseptics Furacilin, potassium permanganate, Chlorhexidine or Miramistin.
2. Anti-inflammatory drugs help fight itching, burning, pathological discharge and swelling. Some of them also have an analgesic effect. The most commonly used are Tamoxifen, Nurofen, Ibuklin, Ortofen, Aspirin, Naproxen, Naprosyn, Indomethacin, Methindol, Ponstan.
3. Medicines to normalize the microflora of the vaginal mucosa are used together with etiotropic therapy. They revive beneficial bacteria that independently eliminate the infection. For this purpose, Vaginorm-S, Atsilakt, Lactonorm, Lactobacterrin, Vagilak are used.

Photo gallery: symptomatic treatment of cervicitis

Nurofen reduces pain Vagilak softens the mucous membrane Chlorhexidine has antiseptic properties

Table: physiotherapy to combat the disease

Photo gallery: physiotherapy used in the inflammatory process

Ultrasound therapy causes the death of many microbes Drug electrophoresis allows you to quickly and effectively introduce the desired drug into tissues UHF therapy effectively combats the manifestations of the disease

Surgical treatment of cervicitis of the cervix

If conservative therapy does not bring the expected result within several months, doctors decide to perform one operation or another. Indications for this type of treatment are:

• long-term pain syndrome;
• pregnancy planning;
• large affected area.

There are several types of surgery that differ in their technique:

1. Application of laser cauterization. Laser beams are directed into the area where the inflammatory focus is located. They destroy damaged cells and cause the formation of a dense scab on the surface of the mucous membrane, under which healing occurs. The cauterization itself is performed under anesthesia and lasts from 10 to 15 minutes.
2. Cryosurgical procedure. A special device containing liquid nitrogen is inserted into the vagina. Its temperature is extremely low, as a result of which the device itself cools and cauterizes soft fabrics. The procedure is carried out in 2 stages with a difference of 3-5 minutes, which allows you to destroy dead areas. Recovery from this treatment method is faster, which is associated with less damage to the mucous membrane.

Traditional recipes as an aid

If you do not have the opportunity to visit a doctor in the near future, and the symptoms of cervicitis continue to cause inconvenience, it is permissible to use decoctions, infusions and baths based on medicinal plants and herbs. Many of them have an extremely low cost and are sold in any pharmacy, which makes such methods very popular. But we should not forget that almost everything folk remedies

have a temporary effect and do not help get rid of the cause of cervicitis - pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, doctors prohibit traditional treatment. Traditional recipes, like medications, have contraindications for use. Most often in my practice I have encountered the phenomena of individual intolerance to a particular substance. One woman who suffered from inflammation of the cervix, on the recommendation of a friend, decided to douche with a solution of celandine. After preparing the product and washing the vagina, within a few minutes she developed Quincke's edema. It's spicy on the components of the mixture, which is accompanied by redness of the soft tissues and a sharp spasm of the vocal cords. It was possible to save the patient from death only thanks to the administration of adrenaline. That is why all doctors advise first to test your sensitivity to the substance by applying a small amount to the skin. If there is no reaction, it is permissible to continue using this method.

Most Popular folk recipes to combat cervicitis:

1. Mix 100 grams of chopped plantain with the same amount of burdock. Place the resulting powder in a bowl of boiling water and wait until it cools to an acceptable temperature. Immerse your lower body in this bath and spend 10-15 minutes in it. Plantain in combination with burdock have pronounced healing properties and eliminate existing cracks and tears in the mucous membrane. It is recommended to use this method 2-5 times a week before bed.
2. Grate the bar of laundry soap on a fine grater and pour into a clean jar. Stir one tablespoon of chips in a container with 0.5 liters of warm water. Draw the solution into a syringe and rinse the vagina several times. Laundry soap creates an environment unfavorable for the reproduction and further growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The danger of frequent use of such a product is drying out the mucous membrane: that is why it is used once a week.
3. Dissolve 50 grams of calendula in a glass of boiling water and cover with a saucer. After 10–15 minutes, remove the remaining raw materials using a sieve and draw the solution into a syringe. Rinse several times. Calendula is the best natural anti-inflammatory remedy that relieves swelling, relieves itching and unpleasant discharge. The procedure should be performed daily before bed to achieve maximum results.

Photo gallery: basic folk remedies to combat the disease

Plantain improves soft tissue regeneration Soap creates an alkaline environment where germs die
Calendula reduces inflammation

Treatment prognosis and possible complications of pathology

Any inflammatory diseases pose a serious threat to the body, since microbes are easily transferred through the bloodstream to other places. That is why, with a long course of cervicitis without specific therapy, various complications arise. On average, it takes from 2 to 7 months to treat such an illness, and it takes several years to fully restore and rehabilitate the body. The success of therapy largely depends on the age of the victim, the presence of other acute or chronic infections (ureaplasmosis, candidiasis, syphilis, genital herpes).

Doctors advise postponing pregnancy for several years after suffering from cervicitis. This will allow female body adapt to stress and bear a healthy baby.

Compliance with a special regime during treatment plays an important role. I have encountered one patient who suffered from manifestations of chronic cervicitis for 2 years. The doctor prescribed a course of therapy, consisting of taking medications and suppositories inserted into the vagina. During the treatment period, it was necessary to maintain sexual rest so as not to irritate the mucous membrane and not cause additional infection. Unfortunately, the patient did not comply with this rule, as a result of which another partner infected her with gonorrhea. In damaged tissues, pathogenic microorganisms began to develop much more actively, and inflammation spread to neighboring areas. The woman was urgently taken to the gynecology department and operated on. Due to the infection, adhesions formed over several years - areas of connective substance that disrupted the normal process of conception. The patient was unable to get pregnant on her own for a long time, after which she resorted to in vitro fertilization surgery.

What complications may occur in patients with cervicitis:

• reproductive dysfunction (temporary or permanent infertility);
• the formation of polyps - growths on the mucous membrane of the uterus;
• the formation of acute or chronic urinary tract infection (cystitis, urethritis,);
• pain during sexual intercourse;
• transition of the inflammatory process to the uterine cavity (myometritis, endometritis) or to the area of ​​the ovaries and tubes;
• the occurrence of septic shock when microbes penetrate the systemic bloodstream and their further migration throughout the body.

Photo gallery: unpleasant consequences of cervicitis

A polyp is a protrusion of the mucous membrane into the lumen The adhesive process leads to female infertility Cystitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder Erosion is damage to the cellular layer in the cervical area

How to protect yourself from illness

Cervicitis is a fairly common pathology that leads to disruption of the reproductive functions of the female body. That is why many obstetrician-gynecologists make its prevention their direct task. For this purpose, anonymous health rooms are being created at various hospitals and clinics, where everyone can get a full consultation on an issue of interest and get tested.

While studying at medical university, I had the opportunity to participate in organizing seminars in gynecology, which were devoted to the problem of early infertility. For this, doctors selected more than 200 case histories of patients aged 18 to 30 years old who could not have children for some reason. During the analysis of the data obtained, it was found that 60% of them suffered from acute or chronic cervicitis, but did not consult a doctor. Doctors decided to organize a portable gynecological service in the form of a car with special equipment, where each patient can undergo examination. In the first few months, such a machine traveled to a couple of dozen schools, colleges and universities; many girls were able to get tested without any unnecessary queues. Using this method, many cases of cervicitis have been identified in initial stage, and specific treatment and restoration of reproductive health have been started. After six months, almost all the patients were able to forget about the existing problem once and for all and have healthy offspring. Doctors decided to arrange similar checks in combination with an annual preventive medical examination, which made it possible to detect other inflammatory diseases.

Rules for individual prevention of cervicitis:

1. Choose the right way to protect yourself from unwanted pregnancy. Most inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system are a consequence of abortion. During these procedures, the mucous membrane is significantly damaged and sensitivity to microbial influences increases. That is why doctors strongly advise avoiding such interventions. To protect against unwanted pregnancy, suppositories, implants, the Nuvaring ring, hormonal contraceptives in pill form or condoms are used. The latter are recommended for use during sexual intercourse with a new partner: latex reliably protects against the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms that cause inflammation in the cervix.
2. Follow the rules of personal hygiene. During menstruation, it is necessary to change the tampon or pad every 2-3 hours to prevent the development of bacteria in the thick layer of cotton wool. In the morning and evening, you need to wash using gentle products for intimate hygiene. This will allow you to maintain cleanliness of the perineum and external genitalia throughout the day.
3. Don't forget to watch your diet. An abundance of fatty, fried, smoked and salty foods is a serious blow to the body. Many sweets, savory snacks, carbonated drinks, processed foods and fast food contain harmful additives and flavor enhancers that slow down your metabolism. That is why patients with such a diet have a much greater predisposition to the development of inflammatory diseases. Doctors advise eating small portions and eating a lot of fresh vegetables, fruits, berries, cereals and lean meats, dairy products.
4. Play sports and try to lead an active lifestyle. Constantly being in a forced position causes blood stagnation in the pelvic area. Various exercises help improve the circulation of fluid through the vessels, as a result of which the organs of the reproductive system receive the necessary amount of oxygen and nutrients. It is recommended to exercise in the gym 2-3 times a week, or choose another sport for yourself: swimming, tennis, active ball games. An alternative is dancing, yoga, and gymnastics. If you don’t have any time to visit the gym, you need to set aside 5-10 minutes during the day and do a light warm-up.

Most women experience inflammatory diseases of the genital organs. The structural features of the female reproductive system are such that the infection quickly spreads from the vagina to the internal genital organs. Cervicitis develops into inflammation of the endometrium and ovaries. Often the consequences are pregnancy complications or even infertility. Chronic inflammation causes precancerous disease. It is important to strengthen your immune system, use contraception wisely, and be regularly examined by a doctor to protect yourself from such dangers.

The epithelium of the cervical canal (endocervix), connecting the uterine cavity with the vagina, differs in structure from the epithelium lining the part of the cervix that is located directly in the vagina (exocervix). Depending on which part of the cervix the inflammation occurs in, endocervicitis and exocervicitis are distinguished, respectively.

The age of women who develop cervical cervicitis in 70% of cases is 20-40 years, and only 30% of women are those who have reached menopause.

The disease must be treated, since when it becomes chronic, the walls of the uterus thicken and the lumen of the cervical canal narrows. This may cause infertility. The spread of inflammation into the tubes and ovaries also leads to the inability to conceive, the occurrence of ectopic pregnancy, hormonal disorders.

The danger of cervicitis in pregnant women

Cervicitis is associated with the destruction of the mucous plug that protects the uterus from infection from the vagina. The likelihood of illness and the transition of the inflammatory process to a chronic form increases due to the inevitable decrease in immunity during this period (this prevents fetal rejection).

If pregnant women have cervicitis, the risk of complications such as miscarriage and premature birth increases. Infection of the fetus is possible, which leads to abnormal development, the appearance of deformities, intrauterine death, and death of the newborn in the first months of life.

Cervicitis poses a greater threat in the early stages of pregnancy, when organs and systems are being formed in the fetus. Most often, a woman has a miscarriage. If acute cervicitis occurs in the middle or end of pregnancy, the child may develop hydrocephalus, kidney disease and other organs. Therefore, when planning a pregnancy, a woman should be cured of cervicitis in advance and strengthen her immune system. Treatment is mandatory, as the risk of complications is very high.

Video: The danger of sexually transmitted infections during pregnancy

Causes of cervicitis

The inflammatory process in the cervix can be of an infectious nature or occur for reasons not related to the penetration of microbes and viruses.

Infectious causes of infection

The cervix separates the sterile uterine cavity from the vagina, the microflora of which normally contains beneficial lactobacilli and opportunistic microorganisms. Beneficial lactic acid bacteria create a healthy environment that prevents the proliferation of pathogens. The causes of cervicitis of infectious origin are:

1. Reproduction of opportunistic bacteria. Opportunistic pathogens are microorganisms that are always present in the intestines and genitourinary organs humans in small quantities without causing harm. But under certain conditions, they begin to multiply uncontrollably, which leads to disease. These include, for example, staphylococci, streptococci, E. coli, fungi, and gardnerella. They cause inflammation of the vulva and vagina, spreading to the cervix. The infection can enter the vagina directly from the rectum and urinary organs.
2. Infection with human papilloma viruses and genital herpes.
3. Infection with sexually transmitted infections (Trichomonas, gonorrhea pathogens, mycoplasmas, chlamydia and others).

Non-infectious causes of cervicitis

Such reasons include:

• prolapse of the cervix and vagina;
• cervical injuries (ruptures during childbirth or abortion, as well as damage during curettage and cauterization, causing formation scars);
• failure to comply with hygiene rules, use of inappropriate hygiene products;
• frequent douching with solutions that cause overdrying of the mucous membrane and disruption of the microflora;
• changes in the composition of the mucous membrane when using hormonal replacement therapy drugs or contraceptives;
• pseudo-erosion of the cervix, that is, the movement of columnar epithelial cells of the cervical canal into the area of ​​squamous epithelium of the vaginal cervix. This happens during abortion, childbirth or surgery.

Decreased immunity, the presence of tumor diseases, and uncontrolled use of antibiotics contribute to the occurrence of cervical inflammation.

Video: Diagnosis and treatment of cervicitis

Types and forms of cervicitis

There are different types of cervicitis of the cervix.

Purulent cervicitis. Sources of inflammation include gonococci, ureaplasma, and trachoma bacilli. The infection is sexually transmitted and affects the mucous membrane of the cervical canal (cylindrical epithelium). If columnar cells are displaced into the area of ​​squamous epithelium (cervical ectopia appears), then the purulent process spreads to the displaced areas. The process may also affect the stroma that separates the mucosa from the muscles. The infection spreads to other pelvic organs and causes inflammation.

Viral cervicitis. Inflammation is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) or the causative agent of genital herpes (specific infections). Papillomas or herpes can occur both inside the cervical canal and on the vaginal surface of the cervix. A characteristic feature is severe itching in the cervix and pain in the lower abdomen. Most often, this type of cervicitis occurs in women of childbearing age who are sexually active.

Bacterial cervicitis. The process of inflammation spreads to all parts of the mucous membrane of the cervix: both internal and vaginal segments. The cause is bacterial vaginosis, that is, the development of opportunistic bacteria in the vagina due to a lack of beneficial lactic acid bacteria in the microflora. With this disease there is no danger of infecting a sexual partner. However, if the vagina also gets into sexually transmitted infection, the disease becomes purulent.

Atrophic cervicitis. This is the name for a type of disease in which there is a decrease in the thickness of the mucous membranes of the cervix (atrophy). The causes of this process can be both specific (gonococcus, trichomonas, herpes virus and HPV) and nonspecific infections (staphylococci, streptococci).

In addition, cervicitis of this type occurs due to traumatic damage to the mucous membrane during abortion or curettage.

Cystic cervicitis. Inflammation of the glands located in the cylindrical epithelium occurs, an increase in its volume, the formation of many cysts in the mucosa and damage to its surface. This type is an advanced stage of the disease, in which there is a combination various types infections.

The disease often occurs in an acute form with pronounced symptoms. If left untreated, the inflammation becomes chronic, spreads to the glands and affects the mucous membrane deeper. However, treatment is complicated by the fact that external signs the diseases are smoothed out, it is more difficult to diagnose cervicitis. Often it can be detected only at a late stage, when the inflammation spreads to the uterine appendages.

Symptoms and signs of cervicitis

In some cases, even acute cervicitis is difficult to notice, since it occurs without pain or other obvious symptoms. However, in severe form, acute inflammation can cause the appearance of profuse purulent discharge with unpleasant smell. There is a nagging pain in the lower abdomen, in the lower back. Bloody discharge appears, especially after sexual intercourse, which also becomes painful. Itching is felt in the genitals. Possible increased body temperature, nausea and dizziness. There is frequent painful urination.

Signs of the disease in the acute stage are swelling and redness of the mucous membrane on the surface of the vaginal segment of the cervix. Upon examination, a protrusion of the mucous membrane of the cervical canal into the outer area is detected. There are small hemorrhages and ulcers on it.

When the disease becomes chronic, the discharge becomes less abundant, as the production of mucus by the glands of the cervical canal is disrupted. Cloudy discharge contains blood. A woman feels constant aching pain in her lower back.

The severity of the disease depends on the type of infection. When infected with gonococci, the manifestations, for example, are stronger than with chlamydia. If the occurrence of cervicitis is associated with the herpes virus, then on the mucous membrane there are individual ulcers, loose areas of bright red color.

In the presence of chronic cervicitis, swelling of the mucous membrane decreases. It is possible that the outer epithelium of the cervix may move into the cervical canal. The color of the mucous membrane is bright pink. Cysts and blisters containing lymph and blood are detected. Inflammation spreads to neighboring tissues.

Diagnosis of cervicitis

Since obvious symptoms of cervicitis of the cervix may be absent, for timely detection and diagnosis of this disease great importance has regular visits to the doctor for preventive purposes.

The following methods are used for the examination:

1. Examination of the cervix using speculum. At the same time, they notice a change in the color of the vaginal segment of the cervix, the presence of purulent plaque, hemorrhages, ulcers, as well as the appearance of edema.
2. Tests of a smear from the cervix for examination under a microscope and detection of infectious agents in it.
3. Bacteriological culture of the contents of the smear, which allows you to determine the type of microbes and sensitivity to antibacterial drugs.
4. PCR and ELISA. These methods of smear examination can determine the presence of pathogens of specific infections and estimate their quantity.
5. Colposcopy. By optical magnification and illumination of the vagina and cervical canal using a colposcope, the condition of the mucous membranes is studied.
6. Laboratory analysis of a smear for the content of leukocytes, erythrocytes and lymphocytes allows us to assess the degree of inflammation of a non-infectious nature.

In the chronic stage of cervicitis, destroyed epithelial cells are found in the smear. Additionally conducted general tests blood and leukocyte smear, as well as an HIV test.

Video: In what cases are various smear tests used?

Treatment of cervicitis

Treatment of cervicitis consists of eliminating the causes of the disease, fighting inflammation and strengthening the body's defenses.

Antibiotics, antiviral and antifungal drugs are used to destroy pathogens. If a papilloma virus is detected in a woman’s body, treatment is given Special attention, since damage to the genital organs is more likely to lead to the formation of malignant tumors. First of all, immunomodulator drugs (interferon, cycloferon, immunal) are prescribed.

Vaccines, tablets and ointments are used to clear the mucous membrane of papillomas. However, there is a risk of relapse, so women are advised to undergo regular gynecological examinations.

Often the only way to get rid of papillomas is through surgery. This treatment is often used to eliminate chronic cervicitis of any nature. Methods such as laser destruction, cryotherapy, chemical cauterization, electrical destruction, and radio wave coagulation are used.

Sometimes the treatment of cervicitis requires simultaneous elimination of urological diseases.

Note: If the cause of inflammation of the mucous membrane is sexually transmitted infections, then the woman’s sexual partner should be treated at the same time.

In order to speed up the restoration of the mucous membrane and improve hormonal levels, estrogen and progesterone preparations are used.

After eliminating the inflammation, products containing beneficial bacteria necessary to maintain the normal composition of the vaginal microflora are prescribed. Lactobacterin, Kipferon suppositories, as well as gynoflor vaginal tablets are used.

Video: Cervical diseases in the presence of human papillomavirus. Cervical treatment methods

Prevention of cervicitis

The most important preventive measures to reduce the likelihood of cervicitis are proper hygienic care of the external genitalia and the use of condoms during sexual intercourse. Correctly selected contraception help avoid abortion, possible injury to the cervix and infection. It is necessary to treat intestinal and urological diseases in a timely manner.