Over the past few decades, humanity has managed to make several scientific breakthroughs, especially in the field of medicine. Many drugs were opened, vaccines were created, many serious diseases were cured. However, there is still no absolutely efficient way Cancer therapy. Meanwhile, annually oncology takes several millions of lives of adults and children.

Intestinal cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases characterized by rapid development and not a very favorable forecast. Especially low chances for survival with late detection of pathology. Therefore, it is so important in time to recognize the signs of the disease, to conduct a timely laboratory diagnosis, and if necessary, to undergo treatment.

Blood test is the most common method used in medical diagnostics. Will the blood test indicates the development of intestinal cancer? Let's deal with. For a start, it is necessary to understand what kind of disease, what are the causes and symptoms of its appearance, as the indicators of blood test indicators under the intestinal cancer.

Concept of the disease

Intestinal cancer is a disease in which malignant neoplasm occurs on the mucous membrane of a thin or colon.

In almost 90% of cases, it occurs from glands, called adenocarcinoma. This tumor is prone to rapid development and strong malignancy (distribution of metastases). Secondary malignant foci extended to the liver, bones, lungs, as well as in the brain.

Intestinal cancer is one of the most common diseases among other oncologies. It takes a second place in terms of the number of female patients, yielding only breast cancer. In men, the intestinal cancer is also often found, taking third place after the oncology of the lungs and the prostate gland.

The main group of patients - faces older than 45 years. The ratio of men and women is approximately the same.

Causes of disease development

What are they going to?

1. There are a number of oncological diseases, the development of which the diet does not have any influence. The intestinal cancer does not apply to their number. According to statistics, people who regularly die are 1.5 times more often than vegetarians.
2. Alcohol consumption. Ethyl alcohol is partially absorbed in the colon, thereby destructively affecting the ferruginous cells of its mucous membranes. Therefore, lovers of alcohol adenocarcinoma meets much more often.
3. Hereditary predisposition. People whose close relatives were sick of intestinal cancer, are in the risk area. Especially it increases, if someone from parents or native brothers, sisters fell ill with cancer aged 45 years, younger and older. Such people require regular intestinal surveys for the purpose of early diagnosis of tumors or precancerous forms of the disease. There are two forms of predisposition.
4. Healthy adenomatosis - polyposis. With this form, a person has many benign polyps that can be reborn into cancer.
5. Healthy non-political crash cancer. The carriers of such a form are subject to the fact that the malignant process can develop in several intestinal places at the same time.

Symptoms of intestinal cancer in the early stages

Any cancer disease is almost asymptomatic. Intestinal cancer is no exception. At the first stages, when the tumor is still small, the patient may be observed:

• general malaise;
• fast fatiguability;
• alternation of constipation and diarrhea;
• feeling of gravity and bloating;
• an increase in temperature to subfebrile values \u200b\u200bwithout any signs of colds;
• blood appearance in feces;
• loss of appetite.

On this, the first signs of the intestinal cancer end. However, in practice there are cases when the patient feels good, up to 3 or 4 stages.

Forecast

The percentage of survival is directly dependent on the stage of oncology. If cancer managed to diagnose in the first stage, the forecast is favorable. 95% of patients manage to defeat the disease and continue to lead a full-fledged life.

In the second stage, when the tumor "passed on" and increased in size, each fourth dies (survival rate is 75%). This figure is still good, because most people have real chances of recovery.

In the third stage, education gives metastase into neighboring authorities, which significantly worsens the patient's forecast. The probability to live at least five years does not exceed 20%. The fact is that secondary malignant foci also increase and apply. Stop this process is extremely difficult.

If the tumor gave metastasis into neighboring organs, the forecast becomes sharply negative - only 6% of patients survives.

Therefore, it is so important to identify the development of oncology in a timely manner. For a start, a person must check blood test indicators. With intestinal cancer, they undergo some changes.

General blood analysis

This type of laboratory study is a standard procedure when examining a person for any disease. Indeed, in many indicators, doctors can judge the overall state of the patient's health, and when identifying any deviations from the norm, to suspect this or other disease. However, it often happens so that general analysis The blood is normal, and the person nevertheless flows the malignant process. Especially in the first stages there is no blood change. It happens that the hemoglobin level is slightly low, but not always.

Some of the blood test indicators with intestinal cancer have values \u200b\u200bexceeding the norm. For example, the number of leukocytes can be increased, but this feature indicates a huge variety of different pathologies (for example, with any inflammation leukocytes increase).

In addition, the EE level can be elevated (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). But in this case, the doctor will assume the development of viral or bacterial infection, rather than cancer.

Will it show the blood cancer blood cancer? No, as it is simply impossible to suspect this pathology according to one by a laboratory study.

Blood chemistry

In addition to the general, a biochemical blood test is prescribed to the patient. But in this case, as with the general blood test, early stages Intestinal cancer, many indicators may be normal.

There may be an increase in the level of urea. This often happens when blocking the intestinal lumen and the appearance of intestinal obstruction.

What does the blood test indicates in the intestinal cancer? Often, patients with this disease significantly increases the level of the SRB - protein indicating the course of any inflammatory process in the body. Increasing the level of this substance usually occurs even before the first signs of the intestine cancer. Therefore, with the help of this protein, it is possible to detect the disease in the early stages.

It can be concluded that the overall and biochemical blood test with the intestinal cancer is far from always informative, they often do not allow any specific conclusions. Fortunately, there is an analysis for markers in medical diagnostics. These blood test indicators for intestinal cancer significantly exceed the norm.

Analysis on oncomarkers

A laboratory study in which the patient in the patient is checked the level of certain proteins formed during malignant processes in certain human bodies.

So, if a patient has been suspected of a patient for the development of intestinal cancer, he is assigned analyzes for these oncological markers as Ra and Ca 19-9. About them details will be discussed below.

Blood Analysis on Rea

A cancer-embryonic antigen is a protein compound, the level of which increases when a patient has such diseases as: intestinal cancer, cervix (in women), breast, lungs, liver and bladder. The most high level of antigen rises at the initial stages of oncology. The amount of this marker in the blood can be somewhat increased in nicotine abuse.

So, non-smoking rate is not more than 2.5 ng / ml. For smokers - no more than 5 ng / ml. It must be said that in the development of a malignant process, these figures may increase ten times.

Blood test on Ca 19-9

Antigen CA 19-9 is a marker pointing to intestinal cancer, stomach, pancreas. In addition, its level can be enhanced with benign education in these organs.

The normal range of values \u200b\u200bis from 0 to 35 units / ml.

It is worth noting that these numbers may differ from those presented, depending on the laboratory in which this analysis is carried out.

Diagnosis of intestinal cancer

It is to carry out a complex of procedures and begins with a medical survey and examination of the patient, collecting family anamnesis.

If the patient has relatives of the first line with oncological pathologies, then it is in the risk group. An examination of such a person should be carried out with special care.

After it is prescribed laboratory blood tests. About them it was above.

In addition, such methods of diagnosis of intestinal cancer can be used as: x-ray, computer and magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound examination, colonoscopy, and biopsy.

The latter method is assigned if neoplasia was found during the other. In order to install its nature and the degree of malignancy, doctors take a tumor sample and send to histological analysis.

Conclusion

Cancer is a dangerous disease, which in many cases leads to a fatal outcome. This happens because of the very late circulation of the patient for medical help and untimely diagnostics cancec intestines. In particular, this concerns malignant diseases of fine and colon.

To avoid this, everyone should be aware of which tests to pass with intestinal cancer or with suspected it. Owning this information, you can protect yourself and close to the development of the disease or from its progression.

Do not rely on the fact that when oncology occurs in the body, it will become immediately noticeable for a person. Symptoms in the early stages of intestinal cancer are practically absent. In most cases, they are expressed so weak that the patient feels absolutely healthy.

It should be remembered that blood tests under the intestinal cancer will not give an accurate answer about the presence of either the absence of pathology, but can help in making a decision on further diagnostic tactics. For example, if the level of cancer markers will be higher than the norm, it will serve as a signal to action for further examination. If you do this on time, you can literally save your life.

Want to live long? Never late with your health.

Blood Analysis Indicators for intestinal cancer

Intestinal cancer is a malignant neoplasm, the source of which are the cells of the colon epithelium. In the early stages, this disease usually does not exhibit in any way, with which the frequent later diagnosis of the tumor is connected. The usual localization of the neoplasm is a straight or colon, so such a type of tumor is often called colorectal cancer. This word is formed from the Greek names listed above the colon departments.

According to epidemiological data, the cancer of this gastrointestinal department occupies one of the first places in frequency among all cancer diseases. It is often found only to cancer stomach, lungs and breasts.

To suspect this disease at an early stage can be changed in changes in laboratory research indicators to which the blood test includes. When intestinal cancer, these studies do not allow reliably to diagnose, but they can give grounds for suspected tumor at an early stage of the disease, when there are no other manifestations.

Blood Analysis in Oncoprocessions The GTS is used in all cases the diagnosis of this pathology. Different results of laboratory test provide a doctor to establish the stage of the cancer process and the severity of the patient's condition. And in cases where there is still no pronounced clinical picture, this laboratory study suggests the beginning of the disease.

Important! Even at the early stage of colon cancer, the first changes appear in laboratory dialectics. This will allow you to start antitumor therapy and completely cure the patient.

Modern standards of laboratory diagnostics of intestine cancer imply the following studies:

• clinical (general) blood test;
• biochemical analysis;
• analysis on oncomarkers.

Let us dwell on each of these methods separately.

General blood analysis

The results of the UAC in these diseases may depend on the overall condition of the human body, the presence of related pathology. Therefore, this method of laboratory research is not considered specific only for colorectal cancer.

Nevertheless, if there is a suspicion of such pathology, then clinical analysis will provide an opportunity to assume the localization of the tumor and its type (malignant or benign).

The main change in this laboratory analysis during intestinal cancer is anemia, which indicates the presence of long-term bleeding in the patient. If a person has not found signs of other diseases, accompanied by a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin, it is worth assumed that the bleeding source is in the colon. In this case, the patient loses the erythrocytes with very small volumes from the damaged epithelium in the field of the tumor, therefore, due to a long-term small blood loss, the body is adapting, and no clinical manifestations occur. In case of detection of the anemia, the patient is sent to the gastroenterologist for further research.

In favor of the oncological process in the intestine, the age and sex of the patient also says: according to statistics, this disease occurs in men over the age of 45.

If inflammation is joined to the tumor, then with the help of OAK, moderate leukocytosis can be identified, that is, an increased content of white blood cells. Such a phenomenon is characteristic of malignant neoplasms, as necrosis occurs the old sections of the tumor, which is why inflammation occurs in this place. Together with an increase in the content of leukocytes in peripheral blood with such intestinal pathology, it is possible to increase the speed of erythrocyte sedimentation, which is also associated with the inflammatory process.

Of course, alone data is not enough to determine the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. It makes it possible only to suspect this pathology, so other laboratory studies need to be carried out.

Biochemical analysis

The second method of laboratory diagnostics, which is prescribed for the diagnosis of intestinal cancer is a biochemical study. In this analysis, the following data is investigated:

• general protein - with malignant neoplasms there is a decrease in the parameter;
• gaptoglobin - it is possible to increase if there is an oncological process in the body;
• urea - with the development of intestinal obstruction, when the tumor size is large enough to close the intestinal lumen, this indicator rises.

These are three main indicators that can suspic on the presence of intestinal cancer in the patient. It is possible to increase other research data, but they do not indicate the possible growth of the tumor.

Detection of monacarkers in the blood

The third method is most specific to intestinal cancer. Indicators of blood research on oncomarcresses change only if there is any tumor in the body.

Oncomarkers are proteins that are specific to certain tumors. They fall into the bloodstream as a result of the metabolism of cancer cells. However, this method is also not absolutely specific to cancer, since their increase can be observed in pronounced inflammatory processes in the intestine.

There are a large number of markers that have specificity to a particular organ. But besides the source of the tumor, it is also possible to determine the nature of its growth (good-or-malignant), the stage of the disease, control the effectiveness of anti-cancer therapy.

Among the oncological markers, characteristic of colorectal cancer, the most common are considered CA-19-9 and cancer embryonic antigen (REA).

CA-19-9 increases both for malignant bowelware neoplats and in the tumors of the stomach and pancreas. At the same time, it increases in the case of inflammatory processes in the digestive organs and with such a disease, like fibergation.

Raa is also not specific to colon cancer only. Increased it is possible in cancer diseases of such organs such as cervix, bladder, lungs, liver, prostate gland, etc. A small increase in REA is observed in cirrhosis of the liver, in smokers.

For oncological pathology, a sharp significant increase in the concentration of markers is characterized. The concentrations increase them in the early stage of the disease. It is also characteristic and a further increase in their level over time. When conducting properly selected anti-cancer therapy, REA and CA begin to decline, which indicates a favorable forecast for the treatment of this disease.

Conclusion

It is important to remember that laboratory studies cannot give 100% confidence in the presence or absence oncological disease In the patient, these indicators may vary with other diseases, and when changing the overall condition of the patient.

These methods make it possible to suspect the presence of oncological pathology in the patient and on time to assign other diagnostic methods, for example, a colonoscopy to reliably confirm or refute the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

According to statistical data, the colon cancer occurs in 15% of all cases of cancer. For greater survival of the patient, it is necessary to begin treatment in the early stages, so world practice provides for early diagnosis of diseases.

Characteristic symptoms

In order to suspect a malignant neoplasm in the intestine, it is necessary to know the main symptoms and signs:

• fast unmotivated weight loss;
• general weakness, increased fatigue, headaches - as a result of intoxication syndrome;
• inexplicable increase in temperature for a long time, may be a consequence of the inflammatory component in the area of \u200b\u200bthe cancer focus;
• violation of the chair with a tendency to constipate;
• false beings for defecation ();
• prolonged chronic abdominal pains of different location and characteristics;
• pathological discharge with feces: pus, blood, mucus;
• incontinence of feces (consequence of damage to muscular structures of the rectum and anal hole);
• reducing or increase in appetite, possibly disgusting to food;
• urine incontinence, signs of cystitis (defeat of close-based organs);
• signs of intestinal obstruction (with complete obturation of the lumen of the intestinal tube with a cancer process).

Risks for the development of intestinal cancer are:

• age after 40 years;
• male gender;
• harmful habits, especially smoking;
• the presence in the family history of cases of the intestinal oncology.

If suspected the disease, it is best to consult a doctor for examination, diagnosis and specialized treatment.

Express test for hidden blood in feces

Primary diagnostics can be carried out independently, by. The test systems make it possible to determine the presence of hemoglobin and transferin in feces, which falls into the product of life in the area of \u200b\u200bthe region of the aligned cancer of the intestinal mucosa. In this case, the damage is insignificant and the stream of blood is not visible to the eye.

Basic diagnostics

It is carried out after the patient's appeal to the medical institution. In this case, the express tests are not enough to verify the diagnosis and confirmation of the tumor process to start specialized correct treatment. Additional research is needed.

Examination of the patient and the collection of complaints

The doctor finds out in detail the patient's complaints, setting the leading questions, the clarification of each aspect. Clarifies the presence of diseases in relatives, not only intestinal cancer, but also oncology in general, systemic pathologies, various defects. The doctor clarifies and is checked along the patient's outpatient map: what he hurt before appeal whether operational interventions. Based on the complaints, the specialist may already make a certain picture and outline a further diagnostic path.

After collecting complaints, a thorough inspection is carried out. The symmetry of the abdomen is determined, the presence of pathological formations, the asymmetry of the anterior abdominal wall. Then proceed to the palpator survey.

Palpation of belly

Palpation is carried out in two stages: superficial and deep. The patient is placed on the back, the legs are a bit bend in the knees to relax the muscles of the front abdominal wall. The patient is taught to breathe correctly: deep mouth. The study is carried out in a warm room, the hands of the doctor at the same time should also be warmed.

Then, with light presses, the entire stomach is tested in a circle. The doctor evaluates the voltage of the anterior abdominal wall, the presence of the abdomen, hricters along the intestine, soreness.

The next stage is deep palpation. Its main purpose to determine the boundaries of parenchymal organs: liver, spleen, kidneys and pancreas. Assess the palpator characteristics of the intestinal sections on different sections.

Rectal examination

If the intestinal disease is suspected, the doctor holds. The study is uninformative, as it allows palpatorically to determine pathological formations at a distance of a doctor's finger. Men also evaluated the condition of the prostate gland: its form, consistency, sizes, soreness during its examination.

An empty ampoule of the rectum is a symptom of the Obukhov Hospital, may indicate intestinal obstruction. After the examination, the doctor assesses the color and consistency of the feces, the presence or absence of blood on the glove.

Laboratory diagnostic methods

After a thorough survey and physical examination of the patient, the doctor resorts to laboratory methods.

Blood test

The required method of research is blood test. Clinical indicators and biochemical are evaluated.

Blood indicators are nonspecific, as they can change with absolutely any pathological condition of the body as evidence of homoseostasis disorders. But in a comprehensive examination of informative, dynamic studies allow us to estimate the result of therapy.

Biopsy fabrics

The essence of the diagnostic study lies in the microscopy of tissues derived from the pathological focus and determining their cellular composition.

Material is taken during instrumental research with or from operating material. The assessment of the cell composition makes it possible to recognize the cancer process in the pathological focus, or the focus is a polype, autoimmune infiltration, inflammatory infectious granuloma, and so on. Also, biopsy materials allow you to determine the primary focus if the intestine is metastasis.

Detection of oncological markers in peripheral blood

Video Capsula

The new method is rarely used due to the high cost of the equipment. Thanks to the camcorder in the capsule, it allows you to evaluate the mucosa of all departments of the gastrointestinal tract.

Multinformative, since it does not allow to take material for a biopsy study. The result is not a real-time doctor, but only after the natural yield of the capsule. For the passage of the apparatus through the gastrointestinal tract there is a probability of jams of the capsule in the blind zones (blind intestine, diverticulus).

Comparative Table Tool Methods

Summary

The main method for which you can suspect the presence of an oncological process in the intestine is, which is patient independently without appointing a doctor can purchase in a pharmacy.

The Gold Standard in the verification of the tumor process is to conduct a colonoscopy. To determine the depth of germination of the tumor and the presence of metastases in the abdominal cavity, it is complemented by tomographic studies (CT or).

The appearance of bowel cancer contributes to the following factors:

• age;
• hereditary reasons;
• smoking;
• frequent colitis;
• defective nutrition;
• lack of vitamins, especially vitamin B6, as well as micro and macroelements;
• frequent constipation, etc.

Oncological pathology (cancer) is characterized by the emergence of alien cells due to a malfunction in genetic material and the formation of a malignant or benign tumor.

Malignant neoplasm has aggressive properties, characterized by rapid reproduction of cells, germinating in tissue, as well as the ability to give metastases (subsidiaries of neoplasm).

In tumor cells, the metabolism has significant differences, they synthesize a number of proteins that fall into the blood and change its physico-colloidal properties.

This leads to the fact that the EE for cancer varies significantly - it becomes above the norm by 50-70 mm per hour or more.

The change in the indicator often occurs when the following tumors are developed:

• Pancreatic cancer, which is usually accompanied by a disorder of juice outflow, followed by the development of pancreatic.
• Malignant lactification of the breast, it is more often registered in women of young age (about 40 years).
• Thyroid cancer having a relatively benign flow.
• Tumors localized in the structures of the gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, intestines) and leading to violation functional state digestive system.
• Lung cancer, which is significantly more often developing in smoking people over the age of 45.
• Oncology of the urogenital system, renal neoplasm, uterine cancer, ovary in women, malignant tumor testicles, prostate in men. All diseases are usually developing from relatively young people.
• Basaloma skin, melanoma (aggressive tumor, which develops from the mole, the pathology provokes a systematic prolonged impact of ultraviolet rays).
• Various brain tumors derived from neurocytes or auxiliary cells.
• Acute leukemia is a tumor process that affects blood with a sharp impaired of the functional state of the red bone marrow. Chronic leukemia develop from more differentiated cells, so they have a relatively benign flow.
• Oncooked adrenal glands.
• Malignant neoplasm in the liver.

The development of the majority of benign neoplasms is not accompanied by changes in the value of the ESO. However, in Eritreia (a benign blood pathology, which increases the content of erythrocytes and hemoglobin levels), a sharp decrease in the indicator is noted.

The main reasons for "beat the alarm"

Specialists can suspect the emergence and development of malignant neoplasms in the case of:

• sharp deviations of the CE standard in the direction of zooming to 70 mm / h or more;
• lack of reducing the rate of sedimentation of red blood cells against the background of anti-inflammatory drug therapy;
• reducing the level of hemoglobin in the blood of the militant.

ESI rises already on the first "asymptomatic" stage of onco-scabing, so often this analysis helps to identify cancer pathology in a timely manner and take therapeutic measures in time.

Determination of signs of intestinal cancer in diagnosis

Intestinal cancer most often suffer from people over 50 years old, mainly a man, but in recent years there has been a tendency to appear malignant neoplasms from younger people.

Early diagnosis Intestinal cancer should be carried out already at the first signs of pathology. As a rule, patients do not give the values \u200b\u200bto unbearable symptoms and quickly turn to specialists, which worsens a further forecast.

The main features allowing to suspect intestinal pathology are:

• unusual weakness
• malaise
• violations of sleep
• reduced appetite
• reducing body weight
• grazing abdominal pain
• violations of Stula.
• the presence of mucus or blood clots in feces
• temmes (false calls for defecation)
• owl of belly

We should not forget that the listed symptoms may be present under a number of other diseases, so it is imperative to pass all the necessary procedures to verify the diagnosis.

To identify oncology before analyzing the blood, you need to know which signs are preceded by the emergence and growth of oncological neoplasms. Early diagnosis with any form of cancer is crucial in the matter of successful treatment and survival.

Independently decide on treatment, the diagnosis should not be diagnosed - this important moment It is necessary to entrust the specialist. Standing to pay attention to your own health, there will be situations:

• irregular stool, changing the character of feces from constipation into diarrhea and back;
• the presence in the wheel masses of impurities of vomiting, mucus and pus;
• the pallor of the skin is a sharp weight loss of the patient, anemia in blood test results;
• weakness, fast fatigue with minimal physical effort;
• pain in the anus;
• increased temperature for a long time, the cause of which is not installed.

Those who have been diagnosed with cancer of any stage, can not be surrendered, defeat the disease those who believe in a favorable forecast and try to think about good.

To reveal the pathology of the intestine cancer even before conducting blood tests, it is necessary to identify the appropriate features. The definition of pathology at an early stage gives a chance to take the appropriate treatment measures in a timely manner, as well as increase the patient's survival.

As a rule, at the early stage of the intestinal cancer does not have pronounced signs, but any health failures and deviations should alert a person, and to make a doctor. It should not be diagnosed independently, since in any case, it will be incorrect and not accurate. The main signs of the intestine cancer are the following symptoms:

• Chair, replacing constipation and diarrhea.
• Scatter pale.
• Third-party impurities in feces.
• Weakness and depletion.
• The soreness of the anus.
• Increased body temperature without appropriate reasons.

All of the above symptoms are talking about the need to visit the clinic. In the clinic, all measures will be taken to diagnose diseases that contribute to the emergence of symptoms.

People who have a bowel disease should regularly visit the hospital, as they are in a special group of risk on the emergence of oncology. Even if the patient is diagnosed in the intestinal cancer or any other organ, you should not immediately give up. Depending on the established stage, it is necessary to carry out appropriate treatment.

Symptoms of diseases of the digestive tract are capable of hiding serious pathologies. Therefore, there are additional signs that accompany malignant education. In case of possible manifestations of cancer, you need to seek the diagnosis to the doctor.

In order for the tumor did not switch to a dangerous stage, the following clinical picture detects:

• liquid chair;
• constipation;
• incorrect food, mucus or pus in feces;
• sharp abdominal pains;
• bloating;
• increase body temperature up to 38-39 ° C;
• vomiting;
• flatulence;
• bleeding of tumors.

The flow of oncological disease is accompanied by the skin pallor and weight loss. The patient is often tired even with small physical activity.

With malignant education in the intestine in the patient there is pain in the area of \u200b\u200bthe rear pass. The body temperature rises for a long time. The reason for the symptom cannot be determined. Only after the differential diagnosis on the results determine the manifestation factor. Oncological neoplasms are accompanied by a reduced digestibility of nutrients.

The risk of a cancer tumor in the intestine hits a strong floor. By age - older than 45 years. Pathology often occurs in smokers.

The nature of the symptoms in the intestinal cancer largely depends on the localization of the tumor process. The defeat of the colon is accompanied by:

• increase body temperature up to 37 degrees;
• tension of the muscles of the abdominal wall;
• alternating diarrhea and constipation;
• anemia;
• nausea, loss of appetite;
• obstruction of intestine (full or partial);
• poles in the stomach (depending on the shape of cancer, they can be sharp, blunt and grapple-shaped);
• the presence of specific discharge from the rectum (impurities in pus, blood and tumor masses in feces).

Cancer Sigmoid or rectum manifests itself:

• grapple-shaped pain in the stomach;
• irregular chalk character;
• difficulty of defecation, flatulence, lethargy or complete absence of intestinal peristaltics;
• inxication phenomena of the body;
• a sense of incomplete emptying of the intestines and false urges to its emptying;
• "Lento-shaped" species and black color of carts;
• bleeding of tumor, massive blood loss and the development of anemia;
• the development of ascites (cluster of fluid in the abdominal cavity), leading to an increase in the circumference of the abdomen, shortness of breath, poor digestion of food, frequent heartburn and belching with sour.

To identify oncology before analyzing the blood, you need to know which signs are preceded by the emergence and growth of oncological neoplasms. Early diagnosis with any form of cancer is crucial in the matter of successful treatment and survival.

In order to prevent the development of the tumor in the intestine, not to allow its growth to the inoperable stage, you need to remember the symptoms that should make it hardened and consult a doctor.

Independently decide on treatment, it should not be diagnosed - this important point must be entrusted with a specialist. The basis to pay attention to your own health, there will be situations:

• irregular stool, changing the character of feces from constipation into diarrhea and back;
• the presence in the wheel masses of impurities of vomiting, mucus and pus;
• the pallor of the skin is a sharp weight loss of the patient, anemia in blood test results;
• weakness, fast fatigue with minimal physical effort;
• pain in the anus;
• increased temperature for a long time, the cause of which is not installed.

Listed symptoms - reason to consult a doctor. The specialist will direct on the analysis of blood, will inspect, will give an appointment to X-ray, a colonoscopy. Diagnostic events will help to establish the cause of the identified symptoms, assign adequate treatment.

At home, you can pass the express test, which allows you to detect hidden blood in feces. Tests are inexpensive, sold in pharmacies in different kinds. The result will be ready for 10 minutes, the instruction to the test is attached in the package.

Even if the test revealed blood in Kale, it is not a reason for panic. Such a picture is typical for different diseases, not only oncological. This is a reason to turn to a specialist. Patients ranked on the risk group relative to the intestinal cancer, it is important to regularly undergo a survey so that if you find the disease at an early stage.

The risk group on the intestinal tumors includes people suffering from different intestinal diseases, smokers, as well as those in whose family there are people with oncological diseases.

Those who have been diagnosed with cancer of any stage, can not be surrendered, defeat the disease those who believe in a favorable forecast and try to think about good.

According to medical professionals, Russian oncological patients seek help for help quite often with the extreme neglence of the disease, and, accordingly, with extremely small chances of cure.

Swear medicine, people themselves often relate to their health quite negligent, ignoring preventive inspections and surveys, and sometimes, even at the first symptoms of the disease, prefer the self-treatment and advice of acquaintances, losing precious time.

Any-oncologist can say that the preceded stage is often preceded by cancer. Tumors except skin cancer are affected by the internal organs, therefore, imperceptible to the eye and on initial stages May not show themselves.

Therefore, the earlier to begin control of changes occurring in the body and directly in the blood, the earlier you can diagnose the beginning of a serious pathology, thereby increasing the chance of recovery and life.

Symptoms

In the early stages of the intestinal oncology, like many other oncological diseases, has implicit and erased symptoms to which a person practically does not pay attention. Such minor manifestations include the following signs:

1. Changes in intestinal peristals.
2. Anemia.
3. Weakness, weight loss, fatigue.
4. The presence of minor blood discharge In the cartoons.
5. Changes in flavoring addictions or manifestation of disgust to some food.

Such signs of intestinal cancer may not disturb the patient at all. Usually cancer in the early stages is found randomly.

The liver cancer in the early stages is manifested by nausea, vomiting, a feeling of discomfort (bloating), diarrhea and constipation, lack of appetite, constant fatigue and malaise, decrease in body weight, chills and hyperthermia.

On the presence of a liver cancer in the body (in addition: a lung cancer, a large intestine, breast, prostate gland, bladder and cervical cervicals) may indicate the identification of cancer-embryonic antigen (REA).

There are many other oncomarkers, newly creating new, with the help of which the doctors of the Yusupov hospital appears the opportunity to identify other forms of malignant pathologies.

Sign up for a consultation, find out how much the blood test is worth identifying oncology, and you can ask all your questions by phone.

How to determine the level of meter in blood

To accurately diagnose this ailment, you need to pass blood tests. They include:

• biochemical;
• clinical;
• analysis on oncomarkers.

Each of them separately will not be able to give a complete picture of what is happening. In the complex, when comparing existing data, specialists can eliminate cancer cells with great accuracy. In addition, this approach makes it possible to establish their location.

Laboratory diagnosis of intestinal cancer makes it possible to suspect the presence of oncology before the first clinical manifestations of the disease. Even with a small size of the tumor (which is not visible with the help of instrumental methods), the tests before the existence of pathology in the body can be displayed, since cancer metabolic products fall into the blood and feces of the patient.

The diagnosis of rectal cancer and the overlying departments using instrumental methods is carried out in stages. To confirm the oncological process (after the results of the tests) use ultrasound and radiographic apparatus that allow visualize education.

In order to determine the rate of sedimentation of erythrocytes. Fresh blood is placed inside the thin glass tube, which is vertically. The strength of gravity will affect the red blood cells so that they will begin to settle on her bottom.

The result of such a process will be axial erythrocytes and transparent plasma, which will be the top layer of blood cell. It is the indicator that will make up the number of millimeters of the eliminated erythrocytes within an hour will be the speed of sedimentation of red blood cells (mm / h).

If the patient was given a direction for at least two analyzes, this suggests that there are serious suspicions for the presence of a disease. Timely examination implies traditional and newest methods for identifying this pathology.

For most intestinal diseases, the same type of symptoms are characteristic. Therefore, doctors are not always possible on the first surveys with accuracy to raise the correct diagnosis. Oncological diseases do not differ certain symptoms.

Despite the main analyzes, other diagnostic surveys may be carried out to identify neoplasms. They can be palpation of the rectum, conducting a study of the ultrasound of the abdominal cavity organs and a small pelvis, biopsy, etc.

Blood tests belong to additional research methods for intestinal cancer, comply with them you need to go through the following stages of diagnostics:

• hidden blood analysis on hidden blood;
• colonoscopy;
• rectorOnoscopy;
• irrigoscopy.

Blood research is carried out to determine the presence of oncomarckers in the blood. Special proteins generated by tumor cells can significantly exceed normal indicators.

The following markers are used to detect the cancer tumor in the intestine:

• CA 19-9;
• CA 242;
• CA 72-4.

The main specific proteins found in the patient's blood allow us to provide for the development of recurrence of the disease even before the appearance of the first symptoms. If oncomarkers are revealed, the patient needs to undergo a comprehensive examination to determine the location of the cancer tumor.

Special proteins include 200 compounds, but only specific markers are needed to diagnose the intestine cancer. The tumor study algorithm includes the use of REC and CA 19, but the leading role in determining the cancer of bile ducts and the rectum belongs to CA 19.

The following factors affect the level of monacarkers in the blood of the patient:

• serum storage conditions;
• tumor weight;
• the mechanism of blood supply of cancer fabrics;
• metabolism in cells.

The emergence of signs of the disease is a reason to appeal to the doctor. In the diagnosis of intestinal cancer in the early stages, malignant education can be cured. At the same time, the doctor appoints a comprehensive patient examination.

The main methods of diagnostics are:

• colonoscopy;
• CT intestines with contrast;
• biopsy;
• analysis of hidden masses for hidden blood.

Colonoscopy refers to the endoscopic research method. The doctor examines the inner surface of the thick bowel using the endoscope. Diagnostics takes place with a survey of the mucous membrane.

Several methods of laboratory blood test:

• biochemical testing of blood serum;
• clinical examination;
• the study of antigens.

For cancer diagnosis, the analysis of the carte masses on the hidden blood is used. However, indicators may imply the diseases of the digestive tract. Therefore, a set of tests apply to determine malignant education.

If the intestinal cancer is suspected, the diagnosis always begins from the collection of anamnesis and physical examination of the patient, including its inspection and finger survey of the state of the rectum.

For the setting of the correct diagnosis, a laboratory test of blood is needed (there is a general analysis and sample on oncomarkers) and felling masses (on hidden blood).

If during the studies of the intestinal cancer, the patient tumor tissue tissue, taken during biopsy, was identified, to determine its stage and the selection of treatment tactics.

The main method used in most state laboratories is the Panchenkov method. Capillary blood is placed inside the micropipette, installed vertically. Under the force of gravity, the red blood cells settle on the bottom, at the mark of the graded column, they note how much the red blood cells drop in an hour. This indicator is the rate of sedimentation of red blood cells.

Blood chemistry

The developing oncological disease in the body suggests such indicators of the overall blood test:

• hemoglobin level;
• indicators of the number of blood leukocytes;
• erethrocyte sedimentation rate indicators.

The norm for the SE indicator is considered:

• for the female population from eight to fifteen mm / h;
• for the male population from six to twelve mm / h.

The high level of ESO is not always the cause for anxiety. It happens that its value does not indicate a cancer, but about the presence of an inflammatory process in the body. That is why, in order to eliminate the disease of the oncology, they follow the dynamics of the SE in the process of treating inflammatory processes.

Against the background of the general analysis of blood, it is impossible to confidently talk about the presence of cancer neoplasm in the human body, as it speaks of any violations of functional processes.

When oncology, SE indicators will be elevated, but to diagnose these species of diseases, this value is not considered confirming, therefore, additional conduct of special research is always needed.

The high level of ESO blood testifies that the body is experiencing certain infectious and inflammatory processes. A constant blood test, where ESO is higher than seventy-five mm / h, assumes the possibility of presence of cancer cells in the body.

The first way to determine that the rectum and other intestinal segments are amazed by a malignant tumor, biochemical analysis. In suspected tumor in the intestine draw attention to the indicators:

• common protein - shows the level of proteins concentration consisting of amino acids. In the intestinal diseases, the protein level is reduced;
• hemoglobin - on cancer changes will indicate a reduction in blood hemoglobin;
• gaptoglobin - with intestinal tumors in the blood, an increase in haptoglobin is observed;
• urea - an increase in the level of urea in the blood speaks of intestinal obstruction. Such a state may be a sign of colorectal cancer;
• other indicators whose level exceeds either does not reach the norm, may indicate on oncology and other diseases.

The purpose of the clinical analysis of blood in suspected oncology is the identification of anemia, which in itself can speak about the presence of bleeding from the tumor in the intestine. With such a situation, anemia is considered to be a probable sign of cancer, the patient with such results of the analysis is sent to the gastroenterologist.

Doctors pay special attention to patients with unemployed origin in men older than 45 years and women in the menopacteric period. With colorectal cancer, blood test may reveal chronic anemia, with a rectal cancer - the appearance of anemia.

For any localization and shape of cancer, the results of general blood analysis are capable of providing an important information for a doctor in directions:

• features of the body;
• leakage of the disease;
• localization of the tumor and tumor type (benign or malignant).

Indicators in general blood test indicate the growth of malignant tumor in the intestine:

1. Changes in the composition and level of leukocytes in the blood. The doctor notes that the patient has increased the total number of leukocytes. Sometimes myeloblast or lymphoblast is revealed, which may be signs of malignant tumor.
2. The increase in the level of ESP will talk about the intestinal cancer if the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is not reduced after antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy.
3. The decrease in the level of hemoglobin (anemia) indirectly indicates the presence of an intestine tumor.

A more informative blood study on cancer in the intestine is the analysis of oncomarkers. Oncological markers are proteins that are a product of the vital activity of malignant cells. Such antigens for each organ will be different, in general, their detection indicates the presence of malignant neoplasm. There are cases where the growth of the level of antigens is detected at inflammatory process In the intestines.

Blood test to oncomarkers allows:

• establish the nature of the tumor (benign or malignant);
• reveal at what stage the development of the disease is to establish the size of the tumor;
• establish how the body reacts to cancer;
• control the effectiveness of therapy.

In suspected of malignant bowel tumors, pay attention to 2 oncomarckers: REC and CA-19-9 antigen. The first of these (cancer-embryonic antigen) can signal not only about the intestinal cancer, but indicate the oncological defeat of other organs: lungs, liver, breast, prostate, lungs, cervix, etc.

With a malignant tumor, the REA indicator rises, at the beginning of the disease it grows more actively, then - gradually. Even W. healthy people Raa may be slightly higher than the norm if a person is sick with cirrhosis of the liver or smokes.

The CA-19-9 antigen is able to detect, pointing to the intestinal cancer, stomach and pancreas. This oncomarker rises with an inflammatory process in the stomach, liver, with a benign tumor and cystic cycidosis.

Finally confirm or, fortunately, additional surveys will help disprove the diagnosis. If the indicators of both oncomarcers mentioned above are constantly growing, it says that the tumor in the intestine progresses.

It should not overestimate the importance of cancer in the diagnosis of cancer, since medicine is known when the results are elevated, and the malignant processes in the patient is not observed. Therefore, the analysis of oncamarkers is better to consider an important additional diagnostic method, which is used in the complex with other techniques.

The method of research on ESP is very simple and does not require much costs. It determines the degree of red cells in the sediment during the period of time - this is called aggregation of erythrocytes. The increase is in infections, oncology, with rheumatic diseases.

In Russia, the Panchenkova method is used.

Blood is mixed with sodium citrate, which prevents coagulation, should go for about an hour.

• The first 10 minutes accumulate vertical columns from red blood cells;
• Then 40 minutes set up;
• In the next 10 minutes, red blood cells glued together, compacted, then settle on the bottom.

For the study, blood is taken from the finger, 5% sodium citrate is added to 1: 4, a special graduated tube-capillary is filled with blood to an extreme top mark. An hour after an hour of the column is determined by the rate of sedimentation, which is recorded in millimeters per hour (mm / h). The air temperature during analysis should be 18 ° C. 22 ° C.

There are other ways to determine the reaction of the settlement of red blood cells:

• According to the method of Westersgren;
• According to the method of Vinto.

In our country, they are rarely used, mainly only when publishing foreign research or to transfer them.

A general blood test is appointed by a doctor to determine anemia, which is considered a symptom of bleeding in the intestine. Most often anemia indicates long-term bleeding. It manifests itself with one of the initial signs of oncology.

Thanks to the general diagnosis, it is possible to detect chronic anemia. It is considered the first sign of malignant neoplasm. Due to clinical diagnostics, a significant content of leukocytes can be detected during cancer diseases.

Results of the analysis with intestinal cancer, which happens different speciescan show:

• features of the patient's body;
• tumor type if it is available;
• the process of development of the disease.

If cancer formation is benign, then, at the request of the patient, it can not be deleted. It will not be harmful to influence the body. However, there are cases when the tumor becomes malignant.

Leukocytosis (high number of leukocytes, exceeding the norm, or modification of their composition), ESO (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, excess of the norm indicates the presence of a poor-quality neoplasm) and anemia (a sharp decrease in hemoglobin in cells) confirm the malignant tumor in humans.

In suspected cancer after a general blood test, a biochemical analysis is assigned. To detect the neoplasms, it is carried out in a compulsory manner. Multiple deviations from a normal level may indicate that there is either a benign or malignant tumor.

A special bias is made to consider the general protein, hemoglobin, haptoglobin and urea. The deviation from the norm of these proteins suggests that the patient's body has problems in the intestinal area.

For example, a decrease in total protein indicators is a sign of abdominal problems and low level Amino acids in the body. Reducing the level of hemoglobin is considered a direct indicator that problems with the intestines and intestinal tract began in the body.

• common protein - shows the level of proteins concentration consisting of amino acids. In the intestinal diseases, the protein level is reduced;
• hemoglobin - on cancer changes will indicate a reduction in blood hemoglobin;
• gaptoglobin - with intestinal tumors in the blood, an increase in haptoglobin is observed;
• urea - an increase in the level of urea in the blood speaks of intestinal obstruction. Such a state may be a sign of colorectal cancer;
• other indicators whose level exceeds either does not reach the norm, may indicate on oncology and other diseases.

• general protein - with malignant neoplasms there is a decrease in the parameter;
• gaptoglobin - it is possible to increase if there is an oncological process in the body;
• urea - with the development of intestinal obstruction, when the tumor size is large enough to close the intestinal lumen, this indicator rises.

Treatment

To the treatment of intestinal cancer, doctors fit very carefully. Pre-analysis of the situation:

• the degree of development of a cancer tumor;
• the effect of pre-therapy;
• the physical condition of the patient.

The main method of treatment is recognized chemotherapy. If required to reduce the tumor to reduce pain, apply radiotherapy. Surgical intervention is used to restore intestinal passability. Temporarily prevent the propagation of the tumor helps monoclonal antibodies.

Prevention of cancer

In order to prevent the intestinal cancer, you need to abandon most harmful habits, especially from smoking. Also help healthy nutrition. Certainly faces from the risk group must perform the body surveys for early cancer detection.

If they have identified polyps, they should certainly be removed, and then explore a cut under a microscope to eliminate the possibility of forming a malignant tumor. Increased attention to the intestines should be given to those who in the family there is a diffuse polyposis.

Unfortunately, at the moment it is not possible to fully prevent the development of oncological diseases. But compliance with some preventive rules may reduce the risk of a disease to a minimum:

• Full refusal to smoking and alcohol abuse;
• Compliance with diet;
• Sports;
• Compliance with the day mode;
• Reducing the time of stay under direct sunlight;
• Annual observation by the doctor, especially for those who are in the risk group.

Intestinal cancer is a malignant neoplasm resulting from the epithelium of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract. Clinical picture Diseases depends on the location of the tumor localization. For example, when the stomach chancer, pain in the upper parts of the abdomen, nausea and vomiting will be published.

When localizing the pathological process in the small intestine patients, as a rule, complain of pain in the midst of the front surface of the abdominal wall and the disorder of the chair in the form of diarrhea. The most commonly occurred oncological pathology of the colon.

When it is developed, there is a tendency to constipate, imperative urges for defecation and blood discharge from the anal hole.

For the successful treatment of this type of pathology, great importance It has timely diagnosis of the process.

To identify the chancers of the digestive tract, laboratory and instrumental methods are used, which are prescribed depending on clinical symptoms.

Laboratory research

1 Blood test In the intestinal cancer is very important in identifying this pathology. Despite the fact that the hemogram indicators are non-specific, often they become that a factor that makes the doctor send a patient for additional research.

Conducting a similar screening, first of all, you can reveal low hemoglobin and, on the contrary, an increased ESP. They are peculiar markers in the diagnosis of oncological pathology of almost any localization.

2 After general analysis, blood is necessarily taken on biochemistry. This study is necessary in order to determine whether the liver is involved in the pathological process and is it possible to patient an operational intervention.

3 Analysis of urine It has much less clinical significance, but it is performed in order to exclude other options for malignant neoplasms.

4 . Mandatory for a laboratory study takes the patient's feces. In this biological substance, you can identify indirect signs of a malignant process in the intestine.

First, the form and color of feces is taken into account. If they are highlighted by a narrow strip, and even with an admixture of blood or mucus, then the diagnosis of the oncological disease of the colon is very likely.

In medicine, there is even a special term - Lento-shaped feces.

Instrumental research

Whatever it was, but laboratory studies cannot be considered specific when diagnosing oncological neoplasms.

An indication of the operation can only be the result of the instrumental research, desirable, with morphological verification.

To date, this direction in medicine has gained quite widespread and there is quite a large number of instrumental diagnostics of intestinal cancer.

1 "Gold Standard" when examining a patient with suspicion of malignant neoplasm of the digestive tract today is considered endoscopic diagnostic methods. For example, if we are talking about the pathology of the upper intestinal departments, the patient must be performed fibrogastroduodenoscopy.

With the help of the latter, you can not only visualize the malignant neoplasm, but also take its sample for morphological research. In the pathology of the large intestine, fibrocolonoscopy is performed, which gives the same opportunities. A little more difficult things are dealing with the pathology of the small intestine, to diagnose which you can only with such super-modern methods as a capsule endoscopy.

The latter implies an introduction through the mouth of a small capsule with a camera, which, passing along the edible channel, takes pictures of its mucous membrane in different departments.

2 X-ray studies. With this technique, you can identify malignant neoplasm for almost any localization. The main thing is to correctly apply the mentioned method. For example, overview radiography rarely gives exhaustive results, so it is necessary to use contrasting techniques.

They imply an introduction to the lumen of a hollow organ of a mixture of sulfate barium, which gives a distinct image on an X-ray film.

3 The next step in the development of X-ray research is the use of multi-section tomogram. We are talking about computer and magnetic resonance tomography. The techniques make it possible to make the same X-rays, only in a larger number of projections and sections of the human body.

In this case, this gives a doctor a clear idea of \u200b\u200bthe position, size and distribution of the tumor. Now only on the basis of these methods, all operational interventions are formed.

4 The technique is quite ancient, but with some kinds of diseases, they gives very good diagnostic results. For example, in the case when it is necessary to distinguish a malignant tumor from cyst or intestinal cystom.

In a similar situation in the artery of the abdominal cavity, a special contrast is introduced and a conventional x-ray study of the specified region is carried out. When the chancers will be visualized by volumetric formation with increased bloodstream, and with a cystom, on the contrary, formation with reduced blood circulation. This information is important, first of all, for the oncosurgeon, which is faced with the task in determining the need for surgery.

5 biopsy with morphological verification of the diagnosis. With the possibility and sufficient level of technical support, it is necessary to try to make puncture of volumetric education and take a portion of its tissue for a morphological analysis.

This is necessary in order to determine the structure of a malignant tumor, which is very important when appointing chemotherapy.