Many domestic travelers and tourists, going to rest in Europe, do not even imagine how the customs and traditions of Europeans differ from those adopted in Russia. In each country, for a long time, their own rules of behavior, the norms of etiquette, and the ways of expressing feelings, attachments or emotions were formed. The same gesture, or expression in different countries can be interpreted the opposite to what, sometimes, makes the blush and tourist, and a resident of the country, in which the traveler arrived. So that this does not happen, anyone traveling abroad must certainly familiarize themselves with the main traditions and customs adopted in the other country. This article is devoted to the rules and standards of behavior in various fields of human activity with which you can meet in the countries of the Old World.
European etiquette and its features
The word "etiquette" became widely used in the 17th century, while in France King Louis 14. Once, at a large secular reception, all guests received special cards, on which it was indicated, exactly how to behave on this Specific reception. From this time, the concept of "etiquette" began to quickly spread outside the French state, first in Europe, and then in all countries of the world. In Western Europe, the etiquette was closely associated with customs and traditions inherent in each country, an influence on generally accepted behavior, provided religious rites, superstitions, household habits of people. According to many modern historians, the etiquette that exists at the moment has absorbed all the best, while based on those traditions that are transmitted from generation to the generation in European states. Separate norms reached us in the original form, others, under the influence of time, changed significantly. In any case, it is necessary to remember that almost all requirements of etiquette are sufficiently conditional, and depend on many factors, such as a place, time, and the circumstances under which they can be applicable.
What do you think it is accepted that a woman walking, holding a man under her right hand?
Since then, when men began to wear a piercing-cutting weapon: a sword, a saber or dagger, it was customary to wear them on the left. Therefore, the companion could go close only on the right side. Currently, these interference is not (if only a man in the family is not a military), but the tradition to go to the right of the man still persists.
Globalization modern Mira allowed to combine and mix many traditions and customs of Europeans. This is especially noticeable when holding such a celebration as a wedding. Many European traditions associated with the wedding or wedding are quite well known in Russia, and some will surprise with their uniqueness.
The Hungarian bride necessarily puts its shoes in the middle of the room, in which everyone who wants to dance with it should put a coin. The same custom exists in Portugal.
In Romania, it is customary before entering the house of young to sprinkle with rose petals, millet and nuts.
Wedding traditions of Slovakia
For a long and prosperous life in Slovakia, the bride gives her future husband a ring and an elegant shirt made of silk, embroidered with gold. In response, the groom gives her future wife a belt of loyalty, a fur hat, rosary and a silver ring.
Norwegian newlyweds are sure to plant two spruce, and Swiss is one pine.
Before the marriage ceremony, in Germany, close relatives and friends of young, beat a lot of dishes. Newlyweds from France enshrine their union by drinking wine from one cup.
Wedding traditions in the Netherlands
In the Netherlands, it is customary to arrange a banquet before, and not after the wedding.
In England, the bride challenges in wedding Dress Pin, or a little horseshoe - for happiness.
Finnish brides are married to the crown on the head.
In Sweden, the bride receives two coins from his parents: gold - from mother, silver - from his father. These bride coins put in wedding shoes.
Council
Only at first glance it seems that European wedding traditions over time are complied with more and less. In fact, even in major citiesThe brides and grooms try to hold a wedding event with generally accepted norms and traditions.
European weddings
Culinary traditions of old light
European traditions concerning cooking and eating are considered among the most ancient in the world. The kitchen of the peoples of Europe is very diverse, while quite complex and exquisite. Each country of old light boasts its national features in cooking, its traditions in its use, as well as a variety of products and spices.
South European cuisine is characterized by adding wine to many dishes. Eastern European cuisine is represented by nomad dishes - simple and satisfying. Central European cuisine is, as a rule, dishes of Hungary and Poland, and in Western Europe, they love the complex French cuisine, and the good German - with potatoes, meat, and beer.
Output:
The customs and traditions of the peoples of Europe are largely different from those who are accustomed to. The features of the ethics of Europeans concern all spheres of life - from the wedding, and to culinary preferences. To date, the observance of traditions has become not only the personification of a rich culture and history of the country, but also an important principle for the preservation of its statehood, and the formation of a mass culture. Already from the middle of the last century, the mass culture of the old world began to gain momentum, having an impact on all areas of activity - from production, and to the life of the ordinary Europeans. Most of all penetrated the mass culture of young people, which began to express it in clothing, music, lifestyle, and leisure ways. The speed of the spread of culture in the mass is caused high speed Development of information technology, the emergence of a large amount of media, as well as raising the level of education.
Festive European traditions
Every year, interest in European states from foreigners grows with a huge speed. In most cases, this attraction is tourist. To conquer the impregnable mountain peaks, solar rays in the resort beaches, plunge into the blue abyss of the seas and the oceans, see the beauty of majestic architectural structures or just relax in luxury apartments - these are the main goals pursued by tourists from around the world. The question involuntarily arises: "But what about the acquaintance with the cultural traditions of European countries?" After all, they are the plast of culture of the peoples of Europe. Let's deal with the most popular of them.
The origin of the traditions and customs of the peoples of Europe. European etiquette
The rules and norms of behavior exist since ancient times, but the word "etiquette" itself appeared in France and received its distribution in Europe, and then the whole world only in the 17th century. It all started with the receptions in the royal courtyards, which were accompanied by the distribution of the so-called "labels" - cards with certain rules of behavior for guests.
The modern etiquette of Western European states had a huge influence of established folk traditions and customs transmitted from generation to generation. These include different kinds of legends, legends, religious rites and beliefs. Communication among themselves in political, trading or other purposes led to a mixture in European countries of cultural traditions, which, in turn, made it possible to identify the basic rules good tone Peoples of Europe. Among them are a delicate attitude and respect for the customs and traditions of each country without comparisons or criticism for their part, knowledge and skillful use of titles of interlocutors, appeal to the names of persons participating in the conversation and others. The most popular European cultural traditions today are wedding customs and culinary art.
European wedding traditions
Most customs related to the preparation and holding of a wedding celebration are well acquainted, but there are those that can become a real discovery for you.
For example, in Portugal and Hungary, there is a certain rule of invitations of the bride to the dance. Wishing to dance with a young need to get a coin into one of its shoes pre-furnished in the center of the wedding hall.
The custom of the sprinkles of newlyweds petals of roses, which is a symbol of light and happy life, appeared in the UK and joined the wedding culture of almost all countries of the world. Trying to make this tradition more unique, each of the countries contributed to her "highlight". So, on Romanian wedding rites, along with roses petals are also present and nuts and nuts.
In the Slovak Republic there is a tradition of sharing gifts between future spouses. The bride gives his beloved ring and a shirt from Sochel, embroidered with gold threads. The response of the groom should be a silver ring, a fur hat, a tank and a belt of loyalty with three keys.
In the Norwegian and Swiss weddings, we mandatory custom are the landing of trees: two firs and one pine, respectively.
The beginning of the ceremony in Germany is accompanied by beating with friends and relatives of the bride's dishes in her house, in the Netherlands - a festive banquet, and in France, with newlyweds of wine from cups, symbolizing happiness and love.
In addition to the traditions associated directly with the marking procedure, great attention is paid to the addition of wedding images of future spouses. So, for English brides, the presence of horseshoes or pins on the wedding dress is very important, which is a sign of a happy marriage, and the crown should be present on the heads of Finnish young people.
The peculiarity of the wedding traditions of the European Society is the uniqueness of each of them, as well as popular among modern Europeans.
European culinary traditions
Traditional European cuisine is collected from amazing culinary recipes national dishes Peoples of Europe. At the same time, each European state boasts individual culinary masterpieces.
On the territory of Central Europe, Polish and Hungarian dishes are most popular, the crown recipes of which are goulash, strudel, vegetable dill soup.
Eastern European cuisine has developed under the influence of customs of cooking by nomadic peoples inhabiting this territory in the old days. The most famous among culinary dishes of Eastern Europe - Borsch, dumplings, pies.
A special place in the culinary arena of Western Europe is the French cuisine, which is an example for imitating many countries around the world. A feature of the culinary masterpieces of France is the use of wines and spices in almost any dish. Unlike the French, their neighbors are Germans - prefer to eat potatoes, meat and beer.
The culinary traditions of Northern Europe are extremely diverse. The most common cuisine dishes of European northerners are cream-brulee, sweet chocolate, duck in orange sauce and chicken hunts.
South European cuisine is largely similar to Western European, especially with French. It is also popular to add wine to most of the dishes, but at the same time, also separately submit it at mandatory on the table before the start of the meal.
Promotion to modern European culture
In addition to wedding and culinary customs, modern European culture contains a huge number of diverse traditions related to all the areas of human activity. To get acquainted with them closer, to join or even become their integral part can any foreigner who received the passport of the European Union. Romania enjoys the greatest demand in the design of European citizenship. Romania's citizenship is the fastest and cheap way to integrate into European society today.
Many of the tourists, deciding to go to rest in a new European country, do not quite know that customs and traditions in Europe are found in the root differ from Russian standards. In each country, for example, there are own rules of etiquette and a violation of them can, at least to force the tourist to blush for their behavior, so it is better to get to know the traditions of the peoples of Europe before going on a trip.
In this article, I would like to stay on the etiquette in Europe, as well as on the wedding and culinary traditions of the old world.
Traditions and customs of the peoples of Europe. Etiquette
The concept of etiquette is widely used in the 17th century. During the reign of the French king, Louis XIV in front of their receptions, all guests were distributed cards in which some rules of behavior were written in this reception. It is etiquette, as the tradition of Western Europe, has received rapid distribution in other countries of the continent, and then the whole world.
In Western European countries, etiquette developed under the great influence of traditional customs. Various strata of society, prejudice and superstition, religious rites determine the development of etiques in those times.
Currently, many believe that modern etiquette inherited only the best of the customs and traditions of Europe, transmitting from generation to generation. And if some norms of behavior have been preserved unchanged and until today, it is probably no need to argue with folk wisdom.
However, one should not forget that some of the requirements relating to etiquette are quite conditional and directly depend on time, place and circumstances.
For example, you can remember that only a few centuries ago a man could wear a sword, a dagger or a saber on the left side, and if a woman was walking next to him, then she naturally, so as not to hurt the weapon went to the right. Now there are no such interference (unless in families where the man is military), but the tradition has been preserved.
Wedding traditions in Europe
In modern Europe, for a long period of its development, the traditions and customs of countries were mixed with each other. This largely concerns both the preparation and holding of wedding celebrations.
Some of the wedding traditions of Europe are well acquainted to residents of Russia, but others can become a real revelation for us.
For example, in Hungary, the bride should remove the shoes and put them in the middle of the room, and the one who wants to invite her to dance should throw coins in shoes. The same custom is common and weddings in Portugal.
At the weddings in Romania, newlyweds shower with swings, nuts or rose petals.
The bride in Slovakia should give his chosen one ring and a silk shirt, embroidered with gold threads. And the groom in response must give her a ring of silver, a fur hat, black and belt belief.
In Norway, the bride and groom are definitely soldered two Christmas trees, and in Switzerland - Posina.
In German weddings in front of the ceremony, friends and relatives of the bride beat the dishes near her house, and Frenchman newlyweds in happiness and love drink wine from the Cup.
The festive banquet in Holland is usually carried out in front of the marriage ceremony itself.
British brides challenge at their wedding dress of the horseshoe or the mace of happiness.
Brides heads in Finland must be decorated with a crown.
Before the start of the wedding in Sweden, the bride puts two coins in shoes, which her parents gave her - the mother is gold, and the father is silver.
Each such wedding tradition in Europe is unique, and what is the most pleasant - they even in many years they do not lose relevance and live in the memory of modern Europeans.
Culinary traditions of the peoples of Europe
Culinary traditions of Europe are the most ancient in the world, however, the innate enterprise and curiosity of its inhabitants made the continent's cuisine extremely difficult and varied.
The culinary traditions of the nations of Europe are amazing recipes of national dishes of different countries. It is rather a collective concept, because each country can be proud of its own culinary features and traditions.
In Central Europe, Polish and Hungarian dishes are dominated. Crown recipes are the preparation of a walk, strzdel, vegetable soup with dill and others.
Eastern European dishes are extremely diverse. The customs of cooking were transferred to modern residents from nomads, who many centuries ago settled these lands.
In Western Europe, the French cuisine is distinguished, the chefs of which know the felt in vegetables and good fault. The neighbors of the French are Germans do not represent their lives without potatoes, meat and beer.
The kitchen of Northern Europe is extremely diverse. From beer with fried potatoes or fish to cream brulee and sweets in chocolate.
You can especially select duck recipes in orange sauce and chicken huntsman.
Distinctive feature-European cuisine is the addition of wine to many dishes, which is also mandatory to be resolved on the table before the meal.
Modern European culture
In conclusion, articles should be noted that, starting from the second half of the 20th century, the concept of mass culture appeared in Europe - a characteristic phenomenon in the 20th century, which was caused by mass consumption and production.
Mass culture rapidly embraced various spheres of life, and most fully manifested in the youth subculture (for example, rock music, etc.).
It happened to its strengthening due to the media, an increase in the level of literacy of the population and the development of information technologies.
Many domestic travelers and tourists, going to rest in Europe, do not even imagine how the customs and traditions of Europeans differ from those adopted in Russia. In each country, for a long time, their own rules of behavior, the norms of etiquette, and the ways of expressing feelings, attachments or emotions were formed. The same gesture, or expression in different countries can be interpreted the opposite to what, sometimes, makes the blush and tourist, and a resident of the country, in which the traveler arrived. So that this does not happen, anyone traveling abroad must certainly familiarize themselves with the main traditions and customs adopted in the other country. This article is devoted to the rules and standards of behavior in various fields of human activity with which you can meet in the countries of the Old World.
European etiquette and its features
The word "etiquette" became widely used in the 17th century, while in France King Louis 14. Once, at a large secular reception, all guests received special cards, on which it was indicated, exactly how to behave on this Specific reception. From this time, the concept of "etiquette" began to quickly spread outside the French state, first in Europe, and then in all countries of the world. In Western Europe, the etiquette was closely associated with customs and traditions inherent in each country, an influence on generally accepted behavior, provided religious rites, superstitions, household habits of people. According to many modern historians, the etiquette that exists at the moment has absorbed all the best, while based on those traditions that are transmitted from generation to the generation in European states. Separate norms reached us in the original form, others, under the influence of time, changed significantly. In any case, it is necessary to remember that almost all requirements of etiquette are sufficiently conditional, and depend on many factors, such as a place, time, and the circumstances under which they can be applicable.
What do you think it is accepted that a woman walking, holding a man under her right hand?
Since then, when men began to wear a piercing-cutting weapon: a sword, a saber or dagger, it was customary to wear them on the left. Therefore, the companion could go close only on the right side. Currently, these interference is not (if only a man in the family is not a military), but the tradition to go to the right of the man still persists.
The globalization of the modern world made it possible to unite and mix many traditions and customs of Europeans. This is especially noticeable when holding such a celebration as a wedding. Many European traditions associated with the wedding or wedding are quite well known in Russia, and some will surprise with their uniqueness.
The Hungarian bride necessarily puts its shoes in the middle of the room, in which everyone who wants to dance with it should put a coin. The same custom exists in Portugal.
In Romania, it is customary before entering the house of young to sprinkle with rose petals, millet and nuts.
Wedding traditions of Slovakia
For a long and prosperous life in Slovakia, the bride gives her future husband a ring and an elegant shirt made of silk, embroidered with gold. In response, the groom gives her future wife a belt of loyalty, a fur hat, rosary and a silver ring.
Norwegian newlyweds are sure to plant two spruce, and Swiss is one pine.
Before the marriage ceremony, in Germany, close relatives and friends of young, beat a lot of dishes. Newlyweds from France enshrine their union by drinking wine from one cup.
Wedding traditions in the Netherlands
In the Netherlands, it is customary to arrange a banquet before, and not after the wedding.
In England, the bride challenges a pin in the wedding dress, or a small horseshoe - on happiness.
Finnish brides are married to the crown on the head.
In Sweden, the bride receives two coins from his parents: gold - from mother, silver - from his father. These bride coins put in wedding shoes.
Only at first glance it seems that European wedding traditions over time are complied with more and less. In fact, even in large cities, the brides and grooms are trying to hold a wedding event, taking into account the generally accepted norms and traditions.
European weddings
Culinary traditions of old light
European traditions concerning cooking and eating are considered among the most ancient in the world. The kitchen of the peoples of Europe is very diverse, while quite complex and exquisite. Each country of old light boasts its national features in cooking, its traditions in its use, as well as a variety of products and spices.
South European cuisine is characterized by adding wine to many dishes. Eastern European cuisine is represented by nomad dishes - simple and satisfying. Central European cuisine is, as a rule, dishes of Hungary and Poland, and in Western Europe, they love the complex French cuisine, and the good German - with potatoes, meat, and beer.
The customs and traditions of the peoples of Europe are largely different from those who are accustomed to. The features of the ethics of Europeans concern all spheres of life - from the wedding, and to culinary preferences. To date, the observance of traditions has become not only the personification of a rich culture and history of the country, but also an important principle for the preservation of its statehood, and the formation of a mass culture. Already from the middle of the last century, the mass culture of the old world began to gain momentum, having an impact on all areas of activity - from production, and to the life of the ordinary Europeans. Most of all penetrated the mass culture of young people, which began to express it in clothing, music, lifestyle, and leisure ways. The speed of the spread of culture in the mass is determined by the high speed of the development of information technology, the emergence of a large amount of media, as well as raising the level of education.
Festive European traditions
Traditional business activities of Western, Northern, Central and Southern Europe.Rubber Europe is a highly developed region, so the traditional forms of farm have almost preserved there. In the last major activities of Europeans were agriculture and animal husbandry. In other matters, the last everywhere, except for several districts (Iceland, Alps, Faroe Islands), was inferior to agriculture.
In Europe, it is very early - in the II-I thousand to n. e. Plugged farming spread. The farmers have changed arable guns of two types: Rail (not had the blade and wheeled front) and a plow (equipped with a blade and wheeled front). Rail was distributed in the southern and northern regions, the plow - in the central regions. As working cattle in the south of Europe, oxes used, in the north - horses. Cleaned draft crops using sickles and braids. Bread
thinks, tsepami, and in the south, sometimes ran through the compressed ears of oxen. Grain Molia on water and windmills. Now these olds with agricultural tools and methods for treating crops mainly went into the past, the latest methods of agriculture are used.
The most important agricultural crops in the northern regions of Europe are barley, rye, oats, in central areas - wheat, rye, sugar beet. In the south of Europe, in addition to wheat and rye, the corn brought from America, in some areas, rice is also cultivated. Widely spread in Europe and such a culture of American origin as potatoes. In Europe, horticulture and horticulture have long been developed. In the Mediterranean, the cultivation of fruit and citrus trees and viticulture are common. Vineyards, the main part of the crops of which goes to the manufacture of wines, are found and north - according to the valleys of the Loire and Rhine rivers. From technical crops in the north of Europe, flax and hemp, in the southern - cotton and tobacco are grown. In many European countries, especially in Holland, Denmark, Germany, England, developed flower growing.
A rather important role in the farm of the majority of the peoples of Europe plays animal husbandry. Dilsert predominantly cattle. Stall livestock content. Livestock is focused on both the production of milk and dairy products and the production of meat and meat products. In many areas of Europe, sheep is also breed (mainly to obtain wool) and pigs.
Fisheries in coastal areas are very developed in combination with the extraction of other seafood: shrimp, oysters, mussels. It has especially important to Norwegians and Icelanders.
Since the Middle Ages in Europe, there has been a very developed handicraft production, on the basis of which a variety of industries later was formed. Later, the craft was strongly measured by the industry, but its separate species, first of all having artistic importance, are still preserved. This is a circle machine, embroidery, jewelry, production of ceramic and glass products, some musical instruments.
The farm living in the Arctic areas of Saamov is significantly different from the occupations of other nations of Europe. They have the most developed tundra reindeer herding and fishing.
Settlements and types of rural houses. Currently, the urban population is sharply dominated in most European countries. In many countries, city / nods make up more than three quarters of the entire population, and in the UK and Northern Ireland - even over 90%. Among European cities there are very ancients who have more than a thousand-year history: Rome, for example, originated in the VII century. BC e., Athens - even earlier - in the XVI century. BC e. Ancient cities, founded in the period of the Roman Empire, are, in particular, Paris, London, Cologne. Many in Europe cities that have grown in the Middle Ages (for example, Bristol, Stockholm, Berlin, Madrid) and during the rapid industrial development (Birmingham and Manchester in England, the city of the Ruhrian basin in Germany and many others). In old towns, as a rule, their historical part remains, the most ancient historical monuments, which give each city uniqueness and originality are concentrated. The unique appearance of Athens is associated with the ancient 11Arthenop, Rome, with the Coliseum, Paris, with the Cathedral of the Paris's Mother of God and Louis, / London, Cologne, Cologne - with the famous Cologne Cathedral.
It is characterized by a large concentration of the population in the largest cities, more precisely in urban agglomerations in which settlements adjacent to the city. The population of such cities is especially motley, as it is where the main flows of migrants are sent. In large cities, especially intensively communication and mutual influence of representatives of different nationalities, which, along with other factors, leads to the formation of a special urban subculture.
However, despite the early development of urban life in Europe, the rural population prevailed before the start of intensive industrialization. In some countries (for example, in Portugal, Albania), it is numerous now. Among rural settlements There are both multi-bright and single-petrogenous. One-bedroom settlements - a farmer - most often found in the mountainous regions of France, in the north of Spain, in the north of Italy, in the north-west of Germany, the West of England and in Norway. Polyvory settlements - villages - prevail in the plain part of Central Europe, France, Italy and Spain, as well as in the Balkans. Many resident rural settlements differ significantly in their development. In Central and Southern Europe, the villages of a cumulative plan prevail, when at home and the estates adjacent to them are located in disarray, curves and intricate streets. In the east of Germany there are also circular villages. At home in such a village are built around the square and addressed it with their facades. In some places in the west, street villages are found in the West, although this type of settlements is more characteristic of Eastern European peoples. Street villages were usually built along the passage roads. In Europe, you can meet scattered, or scattered, villages, which are among the average between the groups of single-door farms and multi-bright villages. They are common in Western Europe.
Rural residents found in Europe are also divided into several types, from which only the most common. So,
for the south of Europe, the so-called Mediterranean house is especially characteristic. This is a two-story, less often - the three-story stone structure, at the bottom of which houses are located, at the top - residential premises. The roof of the Mediterranean house is double, tiled. Spaniards, southern French, southern Italians live in such houses.
In the north of Italy, in the mountainous regions of Switzerland and Austria, in the south of Germany the so-called alpine house is the most common. It is also a two-story, its lower part is stone, and the top is wooden, cutting, with a gallery. The roof of such a house is also a double, keeps on longitudinal beams. Residential premises are located on both floors, economic - only on the first. The alpine house is like the dwelling of the Basque, only unlike the Alpine home the second floor of the Basque - skeleton.
For most of the territory of France and the Netherlands, in Belgium, Great Britain, Central Germany, the placed areas of Austria and Switzerland are common at home of Western Middle Eastern Type. One of his options is Vernenemetsky (Franconian) house. This is built in one or two floors - brick or frame from wooden brooking beams, intervals between which are filled with a variety of material (clay, cheek stone, brick, etc.). Residential and economic premises with sin or four sides closed an open courtyard. The roof is based on rafters.
The Northrazuz House is an elongated stone or frame building along the street, to which economic premises are adjacent. The house is not fenced. Unlike him, the Southolimburg House, common in Belgium (also one-story, stone or frame), is struck by a high wall. Economic premises are sometimes freely scattered in the yard, sometimes arranged at its perimeter. Entrance to the house is done under the arch.
In the northern regions of Germany and the Netherlands, as well as in Denmark, the North European
type. A particularly characteristic variety of this type is the Lowernesec (or Saxon) house. This is an extensive single-storey building - frame or just brick (without frame). In the middle of the section, the apartment is located (the room where compressed bread is stored) or an indoor courtyard, on both sides of which are accommodated, stables, hhery (cattle pens). The massive roof of such a house rests not on the walls, but on the thick pillars, standing inside the house along the walls.
Panneon House, common in Hungary, is a single-storey global structure with a straw roof. Along the house there is a gallery on the poles.
In Scandinavia and Finland, fragments of single-storey dwellings are common. The Noskobandan car house consists of heated residential premises, unheated hay and comorors. In the South KanDannavian house, cold canopies are adjusted from two sides to heated residential premises.
The traditions of building rural houses in the past had a noticeable impact on city architecture. Currently, the urban architecture is characterized by increasing unification and smoothing of traditional specifics. A similar tendency is also manifested in rural areas.
Traditional food. Traditional food in different parts of Europe differs quite noticeably. In the south of Europe, wheat bread eat, in the north, along with wheat, a widespread rusty. In the north, the animal oil is mainly used, in the south - vegetable. From drinks in the UK, Ireland, and the Netherlands prefer tea, in other countries - coffee, and in Central Europe, it is usually drunk with milk or cream, and in southern Europe - black. In the southern countries in the morning they eat very little, in the northern countries - the breakfast is more dense. In the south, naturally, they use more fruits. In coastal areas, a significant place in the diet, for obvious reasons, is occupied by fish and other seafood.
At the same time, along with the regional peculiarity, the characteristic features are inherent in the food of each piece. So, the French compared to other European peoples consume more bakery products. For the preparation of snacks, the first and second dishes of the French use many vegetables, roots and tubers: potatoes, different varieties Luke (especially attended and shalot), cabbage and salads, podolova, spinach, tomatoes, eggplants. Asparagus and artichokes are very popular. Compared with other peoples of Western Europe, they are less useful milk and dairy products, except for cheese. There are not one hundred a hundred of French cheese varieties, among which are very popular soft cheese with inner green mold - roquefortand soft cheese with outdoor white mold - camembert.Favorite traditional dishes of the French are Beefsteks with fried in fryer potatoes, ragu.under white sauce Beshamel. A variety of sauces are generally very widely used by the French in the preparation of meat second dishes and salads. Of the first French dishes are especially common low soup with cheese.French cuisine delicacies are considered oysters, snails and roasted rear legs of large ligush.The French occupy the first place in the world of grape wines. Wine is served on the table twice a day - for lunch and dinner.
Favorite Cushan Italians are pasta, all the dishes of which are called paste.The paste is prepared with tomato sauce, oil and cheese or meat. Paste often serves beans, peas, color cabbage. A significant place in the rational of Italians is cheese. Traditional varieties are parmesan(solid dry cheese), mozzarella(pairs of boiling milk), pekorino(Salted dry cheese of sheep milk). Italians eat also risottopilaf with ham, grated cheese, onions, shrimps and mushrooms, polenta- thick cornpall, Before serving the table, cut into pieces. From spices and seasoning Italians prefer maslines,
cappers (kidney of the plant of the same name), chicory and nutmeg.
The British eat quite a lot of meat (beef, veal, lamb, low-fat pork). The most popular meat dishes are considered roast beefand steak.Tomato sauce is usually served to meat, peak (small marinated vegetables), potatoes and vegetables. Traditional Kushan British are also a variety of puddings:meat, cereal, vegetable (they are served as second dishes), as well as sweet fruit (dessert). In the morning, the British love eating liquid oatmeal (Porridge)or wheat (corn) flakes with milk. From the first dishes they prefer broths and soups-mashed potatoes. For holidays in England, try to prepare traditional dishes. Favorite among them is christmas flame-puddingsalad, bread crumbs, flour, raisins, sugar, eggs and various spices. It is poured by rum, ignite and burning are served on the table. Scottish traditional food is largely similar to English, but has its own features. For the Scots are very characteristic black (blood) pudding and white pudding (cooked from a mixture of oatmeal, sludge and bow). Scots larger than the British use cereals for making various dishes. Traditional Scottish Kushanye - Baranya or calf required with oatmeal, richly seasoned onion and pepper.
For the Germans are characterized by widespread use of all sorts of sausages, sausages and sacks. Extremely widespread dish - sausages with stew saima cabbage. Potato soup with sausages and pea soup with sausage are also popular. Germans prepare also diverse dishes From pork and birds. Vegetables are usually eaten in boiled form (color and red cabbage are especially common, tricky beans and carrots). Popular boiled peas, beans, potatoes. The Germans are preparing a lot of egg dishes: stuffed eggs, baked, fried eggs, omelet. Love Germans and various sandwiches. Traditional drink of Germans - beer.
The basis of the kitchen of the Scandinavian peoples is fish and other seafood. Fish dishes on the tables of the Danes, Swedes, Norwegians, Icelanders are almost daily. Danes love herring, mackerel, eel, cambal and salmon in boiled or salty form. Smoked and dried fish is spread less. Popular dish of Norwegians - Herring with potatoes. They also eat fried cod, cambal, halibut. Favorite their kushany is clipfix- The decapitated cod dried on the rocks. Very common in the Scandinavian peoples sandwiches. In Denmark, the sandwich is even called the king of the kitchen. Different sandwiches are numbered here until the seven of the species: from a simple slice of bread with butter to the so-called multi-storey sandwich, called "Hans's favorite sandwich christianian". Such a sandwich consists of several bread slices, intermittent with several bacon layers, tomatoes, liverlasts, jelly and white radish. Eating him by removing one layer after another. Multi-storey sandwiches are also prepared using various seafood. A prominent place in the Scandinavian cuisine is occupied by the milk Scandinavian peoples like drinking fresh milk, various cereals and soups are prepared from milk, they are driving out of potatoes, various dairy products are made from it.
The traditional clothing of the peoples of Western, Central, North and Southern Europe. National features in modern clothes of European peoples have preserved quite small. There is everywhere the so-called European city costume, whose birthplace was the United Kingdom. In men, this costume make up pants, shirt with long sleeves And the jacket, in women - skirt, blouse with sleeves and jacket. Such a suit B. late XIX. in. Distributed from the citizens, and later in rural residents, almost everywhere withdrawing national clothing complexes. National costumes are now worn only during folk holidays, concerts of folk art teams, etc.
Nevertheless, individual elements of traditional clothing continue to exist, we will accept not only in rural areas, but also in cities. So, in Edinburgh and other cities of Scotland, men often wear national checkered skirts (Kilt).By the way, the skirt as a typical element of men's clothing was also distributed in the Irish, Greeks and Albanians.
The most common element of European male clothes in the past was a little pants a little lower knees. They were worn with short stockings or: heter. Men also put on a shirt with long sleeves, and on top of her - vest or jacket. The French, Spaniards and other Romanesque people were told on the neck of a colored scarf. A typical headdress served fetal or felt hat. The traditional headdress of Basques - the cloudy takes - later the other nations of Europe borrowed. In particular, he became the most popular headdress of the French.
Women's traditional clothing of different nations was distinguished by a great variety. Most Romantic Peoples Women wore long wide skirts with ruffles or border. Germans went in short wide assembly skirts. Sometimes several skirts of different lengths were put on immediately. To carry at once several skirts decorated with lace (and the upper skirt was, darker), was accepted in some other areas, for example in Holland and Flanders (North-West Belgium). Greeks also put on a sundress with a belt. Someone, especially in mountain areas, women wore long pants. Everywhere in Europe was
it is customary to wear a bright apron. White shuttle sweatshirts were also characteristic; On top of the sweaters put on a fitting bodice with lacing or on buttons. On the head wearing scarves, caps and hats.
In many areas of Europe, along with leather, wooden shoes were widespread.
The traditional clothing of Saamov is very different from the costumes of all other European peoples. In men, she consisted of a shirt to his knees and narrow cloth pants, in women - from a long white shirt and died over her dresses (in warm weather - the calm, in the cold - cloudy). In winter and men and women wore clothes and shoes from deer skins.
The wedding is trying to make lush, but elegant, without vulgarity and unnecessary fuss. Many European wedding traditions adopt other countries to make the celebration as elegant and stylish.
Many beautiful wedding traditions were borrowed from European countries. For people in England, Germany, France, Spain and other states of marriage - this is a reverent and romantic event that is soaked in many customs and memorable moments.
Essence of rituals
The peoples with a rich history have accumulated a whole storehouse of various traditions, and superstitions will be accumulated, some of which are specifically to the wedding. Whatever the culture of the country, marriage is given a special role, and for a long time there are special orders of preparation and conduct.
Many of the wedding traditions in Europe were forgotten, others were modified, and only a small part reached our days in its original condition. With the arrival of Christianity, separate features of peoples began to be forgotten, and general laws began to manifest themselves in the customs of different cultures. This does not mean that people have lost their individuality - they only interpreted the same faith.
Now even those wedding rituals in Europe, which has been preserved for a long time, can rarely meet on holidays. Including conservative Europeans began to give preference to celebration.
Old customs can be found only in cases where the bride and groom want to give tribute to the ancestors, and even then such rites are only a formality and do not carry sacred meaning.
Most often, compliance with wedding traditions can be found if future newlyweds decided to organize their marriage in a particular style. For example, popular, French, and.
What and where they exist
Among all European countries are the most rich in customs, are associated with marriage, England, Greece, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Ireland and Sweden. Most often, stylized weddings are arranged in accordance with these concepts.
In England, for example, the bride should put four mandatory things for a wedding - something new (sex itself, underwear), something old (family decoration, shoes), something borrowed from a friend or relative (clutch, bracelet) And something blue (garter, hairpin). It is believed that in this case the girl will attract the goodness and favor of higher strength. In another English tradition, a small girl from among those invited to the wedding goes ahead of the bride and sleeps her way of rose petals.
In Greece, there is a wonderful custom of presenting gifts to guests, and they are purchased for money the groom's family. Another wedding tradition in Europe is a wedding, which is held on Sunday, and baked bread on Friday, while showering the flour of everyone who wants to get a little happiness and good luck. The kids invited to the celebration, a special role is given - they are allowed to jump on the beds of newlyweds so that they have many strong and healthy children.
In Germany, there is a wonderful custom: when newlyweds were married, they drink a glass of wine together. First, heats the bride, and then the bride, after which she throws a glass behind his back. If he breaks, spouses await a long and happy life. On another tradition, the culprit of the celebration may try to "steal" during a banquet of any of the male guests. If he succeeds, he should be the whole three dance with the bride.
Wedding vendor
To create an unusual and bright atmosphere on wedding, in addition to external similarity with style, some wedding traditions of European countries can be adopted.
Elena Sokolova.
Reader
Most European traditions are aimed at attracting young happiness to the married life, good luck, financial well-being and healthy children.
Karina
In France, it is very reverent to pre-wedding training. Literally every detail of the units of newlyweds, including even the belt or tie, is shiting manually by individual standards, and there are practically no wedding salons in this country. The whole wedding from the French is divided into three stages: wedding in the church, cocktail party and the main banquet. Not all guests are invited to each of these events, instructions about it are put in an envelope with the invitation.
Many Italian customs are fulfilled to this day. For example, the custom tolerate the bride through the threshold of the family house on his hands was originated in this country. The name of the honeymoon also invented the Italians - still in ancient Rome, newlyweds 30 days after the wedding used honey to make a sore life sweet and pleasant.
Interesting! The Italian Bridegroom asks the hands of his beloved at her mother, and not at the father. If you are planning a European wedding, the tradition can be observed.
In Spain, despite the fervor of nature of its inhabitants, to young people who decided to get married, treated strictly. After the engagement behind the bride and groom, there was a heavy observation, the maximum that they were allowed, it was handing hands, and then not in humans.
The Spaniards created their male and women's communities, one can say for interest. Then such groups crossed each other, and the girls could get acquainted with the young men, and the main criterion for choosing the second half and with that, and on the other hand there was a business.
Irish got used to tooling a wedding with royal scope. It is noteworthy that the walling in most cases takes place in early January, as lovers try to get married to Maslenitsa. Then the great post begins, and to play the wedding according to the laws of this country is impossible.
An interesting tradition of Ireland is considered the rite "Aytin Gusak". On the appointed day, the bridegroom comes to the house of the bride's parents, where the young man is treated with baked goes. The party is invited to all who relate to the organization of the wedding, right up to the priest, and all together are discussing urgent questions for the preparation of the celebration.
In Sweden, pretty free wedding traditions. Girls and young men familiarized themselves on weekends, after which the latter had selected their chosen to the house and did not hesitate to stay overnight. Because of this, the wedding often happened when the bride was already pregnant, or even after the birth of a child. Interestingly, the society did not condemn it, but, on the contrary, supported, because it served as evidence that the girl is healthy and can give her husband of heirs.
Interesting! Find out what. This can dreamed in a terrible dream ...
Other countries
There are no less interesting and fun traditions in the rest of Europe. If you wish, such customs can be observed at our own wedding to surprise guests and make the triumph individual.
For example, there are the following marriage traditions.
Nothing bad such customs are carried, so if you want to realize them in life, you can safely experiment.
Intersections with Russian customs
In every culture, the wedding will turn into new details and customs borrowed from other peoples. The most vivid confirmation of this is it is believed that the unmarried girl who will catch it next to marry.
Previously, there was no such tradition in Russia, although there was a similar meaning. All girls who have not yet acquired their family, drove a dance around the newlywed, and she closed his eyes and spisled in the opposite direction. To whom she will show when stopping, she will marry next. And the bouquet, by the way, did not give Russian girls at all, keeping in the family for good luck.
Interestingly, in many European countries and in Russia there are similar The parents of the newlyweds bring fire from their home to help light the newly made spouses their own. In modern interpretation, the focus is replaced by ordinary candles, since even a fireplace is far from all.
If a European wedding is organized, traditions and customs allow you to make the celebration elegant and romantic. Many couples seek to plan their marriage on Western manner, avoiding vulgar ransom, vulgar competitions and other inappropriate events. Such customs will allow not only to diversify the celebration, but also to make it memorable for guests.
As a result of the studies, 87 peoples live on the territory of modern Europe, of which 33 are the main nation for their states, 54 - an ethnic minority in countries where they live, their number is 106 million people.
In Europe, there are about 827 million people in Europe, this figure is steadily growing at the expense of emigrants from the countries of the Middle East and come here to work and study a large number of people from all over our planet. The most numerous European peoples are the Russian nation (130 million people), German (82 million), French (65 million), British (58 million), Italian (59 million), Spanish (46 million), Polish (47 million), Ukrainian (45 million). Also, residents of Europe are such Jewish groups as Karaims, Ashkenazi, Rominiot, Mizryhim, Sefard, the total number of their number - about 2 million people, Gypsies - 5 million people, Yenishi ("White Roma") - 2.5 thousand people.
Despite the fact that European countries have a motley ethnic composition, it can be formed that they, in principle, passed a single path of historical development and their traditions and customs were formed in a single cultural space. Most countries were created on the wreckage of the once Great Roman Empire, stretching from the possessions of the German tribes in the West, to the borders in the east, where Galla lived, from the shores of Britain in the north and southern borders in the north of Africa.
Culture and traditions of northern Europe
According to the UN, the countries of Northern Europe include states such as United Kingdom, Ireland, Iceland, Denmark, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Norway, Finland, Sweden. Most numerous nationsliving on the territory of these countries and components of more than 90% of the population are the British, Irish, Danes, Swedes, Norwegians and Finns. In most, the peoples of Northern Europe are representatives of the Northern Group of the European Dream. These are people with light skin and hair, their eyes most often gray or blue. Religion - Protestania. Residents of the North European region belong to two language groups: Indo-European and Ural (Finno-Ugorskaya and the German Group)
(English schoolchildren elementary classes)
The British live in the country called the United Kingdom or as it is also called foggy Albion, their culture and traditions have a centuries-old history. They are considered to be a little reference, restrained and cold-blooded, in fact they are very friendly and stacks, they simply value their personal space and for them they are unacceptable kisses and hugs at a meeting, such as the French. They are very respecting sports (football, golf, cricket, shadow), holy thanks "File about a chick" (five to six pm - time to drink traditional English tea, preferably with milk), for breakfast prefers oatmeal and saying "My home - my Fortress "Just about such" desperate "households, what are they are. The British are very conservative and not very welcomed by change, therefore, with great respect they treat the ruling queen Elizabeth II and other members of the royal family.
(Irishtian with his toy)
The Irish is known for the general public in the color of the hair and beard, the emerald greens of national color, the celebration of St. Patrick's Day, faith in the mythical gnome of Leprechaun, who acting, the hot-tempered character and the fascinating beauty of the Irish folk dances performed under Jig, Rail and Horinpipe.
(Prince Federick and Princess Mary, Denmark)
Danes are distinguished by special hospitality and faithfulness to the old customs and traditions. The main feature of their mentality is the ability to remove from external problems and worries and completely dive into home comfort and peace. From other northern peoples that have a calm and melancholic temper, they are distinguished by a lot of temperament. They like no other than any other freedom and personal rights. One of the most popular holidays is St. Hans's Day (we have Ivan-Kupala), a popular Wiking Festival is held on Zealand Island.
(Breaking Breeding Table)
By the nature of the Swedes mostly restrained, silent people, very law-abiding, modest, thrifty and closed people. They also love nature very much, differ in hospitality and tolerance. Most of their customs are associated with the change of seasons, in the winter they meet the Holy Lucia, in the summer they celebrate Midssammar (pagan festival of solvent).
(Norway indigenous representative in Norway)
The ancestors of Norwegians were brave and proud Vikings, whose lives were completely devoted to the struggle for survival in the harsh conditions of the northern climate and surrounded by other wild tribes. That is why the culture of Norwegians is impregnated with the Spirit healthy image Life, they welcome sports in nature, value hardworking, honesty, ease of everyday life and decency in human relations. Their favorite holidays are Christmas, the day of the Holy Cant, the day of the summer solstice.
(Finns and their pride - deer)
Finns differ very conservative views and very well read their traditions and customs, they are considered very restrained, completely devoid of emotions and very slow, and for them silence and the circumstance are a sign of aristocracy and good taste. They are very polite, correct and appreciate punctuality, love nature and dogs, fishing, skis and bathe in Finnish saunas, where they restore physical and moral forces.
Culture and traditions of the peoples of Western Europe
In Western Europe countries, the most numerous peoples, here are the Germans, French, Italians and Spaniards.
(In french cafe)
The French are distinguished by restraint and polite appeal, they are very raised and the etiquette rules for them are not an empty sound. It ised for them - the norm of life, the French are large gourmets and connoisseurs of good wines, which even children drink there.
(Germans at the festival festival)
The Germans are characterized by special punctuality, accuracy and pedantry, they rarely violently express in people emotions and feelings, but in the depths of the soul are very sentimental and romantic. Most Germans are zealous Catholics and celebrate the holiday of the first communion having very important for them. Germany is famous for its beer festivals, for example, such as Munich Oktuberfest, in which the tourists drink millions of gallons of the famous foam drink every year and eat thousands of fried sausages.
Italians and restraint are two incompatible concepts, they are emotional, merry and open, they adore stormy love passions, ardent courtship, serenade under windows and magnificent wedding celebrations (in Italian Matrimony). Italians profess Catholicism, almost every village and the village has its own Saint patron, in homes necessarily the presence of a crucifix.
(Lively Street Buffet Spain)
The indigenous Spaniards constantly spend loudly and quickly talk, gesticulating and exhibit violent emotions. They have a hot temperament, there are many "many" everywhere, they are noisy, friendly and open to communicate. Their culture is permeated with feelings and emotions, dancing and music are passionate and sensual. The Spaniards love to walk, relax during the summer two-hour sisend, to whip over the tickets on Borrida, leaving tomatoes on the annual Battle of Tomatoes at the Tomatin festival. The Spaniards are very religious and their religious holidays are very magnificent and pompous.
Culture and traditions of the peoples of Eastern Europe
The ancestors of the eastern Slavs live in Eastern Europe, the most numerous ethnic groups are Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians.
The Russian people distinguishes the latitude and depth of the soul, generosity, hospitality and respect for native culture having centuries-old roots. His holidays, customs and traditions are closely connected both with Orthodoxy and with paganism. His main holidays Christmas, baptism, Maslenitsa, Easter, Trinity, Ivan Kupala, Pokrov, etc.
(Ukrainian Divic)
Ukrainians value family values, honor and respect the customs and traditions of their ancestors, which are very colorful and bright, believe in the meaning and strength of champions (specially made items protecting evil spirits) and use them in various spheres of their lives. These are the hardworking people with a distinctive culture, in his customs mixed by Orthodoxy and paganism, which makes them very interesting and colorful.
Belarusians are a hospitable and open nation, loving their unique nature and self-respecting their traditions, it is important for them a polite attitude towards people, respect for the suffering. In the traditions and customs of Belarusians, just like all the descendants of the Eastern Slavs there is a mixture of Orthodoxy and Christianity, the most famous of them - caalids, grandfathers, dogs, Guikanni.
Culture and traditions of nations of Central Europe
The peoples living in Central Europe include Poles, Czechs, Hungarians, Slovaks, Moldovans, Romanians, Serbs, Croats, etc.
(Poles at the National Holiday)
Poles are very religious and conservative, at the same time open to communicate and hospitable. They are characterized by a cheerful temper, friendly and have their own point of view on any question. All age categories of Poles every day attend the church and exceeds the Virgin Mary. Religious holidays celebrate with a special scope and celebration.
(Five Palest Rose Holiday in the Czech Republic)
Czechs are hospitable and benevolent, they are always friendly, smiling and polite, honor their traditions and customs, keep and love folklore, love national dances and music. National Czech drink - beer, a lot of traditions and rites are devoted to him.
(Hungarian dancing)
The nature of the Hungarians is distinguished by a significant proportion of practicality and vitality, combined with deep spirituality and romantic gusts. They very much like dancing and music, arrange the lush folk festivals and fairs with rich souvenir products, carefully keep their traditions, customs and holidays (Christmas, Easter, St. Ishthan's Day and the Day of the Hungarian revolution).
The wedding is trying to make lush, but elegant, without vulgarity and unnecessary fuss. Many European wedding traditions adopt other countries to make the celebration as elegant and stylish.
Many beautiful wedding traditions were borrowed from European countries. For people in England, Germany, France, Spain and other states of marriage - this is a reverent and romantic event that is soaked in many customs and memorable moments.
Essence of rituals
The peoples with a rich history have accumulated a whole storehouse of various traditions, and superstitions will be accumulated, some of which are specifically to the wedding. Whatever the culture of the country, marriage is given a special role, and for a long time there are special orders of preparation and conduct.
Many of the wedding traditions in Europe were forgotten, others were modified, and only a small part reached our days in its original condition. With the arrival of Christianity, separate features of peoples began to be forgotten, and general laws began to manifest themselves in the customs of different cultures. This does not mean that people have lost their individuality - they only interpreted the same faith.
Now even those wedding rituals in Europe, which has been preserved for a long time, can rarely meet on holidays. Including conservative Europeans began to give preference to celebration.
Old customs can be found only in cases where the bride and groom want to give tribute to the ancestors, and even then such rites are only a formality and do not carry sacred meaning.
Most often, compliance with wedding traditions can be found if future newlyweds decided to organize their marriage in a particular style. For example, popular, French, and. 
What and where they exist
Among all European countries are the most rich in customs, are associated with marriage, England, Greece, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Ireland and Sweden. Most often, stylized weddings are arranged in accordance with these concepts.
In England, for example, the bride should put four mandatory things for a wedding - something new (sex itself, underwear), something old (family decoration, shoes), something borrowed from a friend or relative (clutch, bracelet) And something blue (garter, hairpin). It is believed that in this case the girl will attract the goodness and favor of higher strength. In another English tradition, a small girl from among those invited to the wedding goes ahead of the bride and sleeps her way of rose petals.
In Greece, there is a wonderful custom of presenting gifts to guests, and they are purchased for money the groom's family. Another wedding tradition in Europe is a wedding, which is held on Sunday, and baked bread on Friday, while showering the flour of everyone who wants to get a little happiness and good luck. The kids invited to the celebration, a special role is given - they are allowed to jump on the beds of newlyweds so that they have many strong and healthy children.
In Germany, there is a wonderful custom: when newlyweds were married, they drink a glass of wine together. First, heats the bride, and then the bride, after which she throws a glass behind his back. If he breaks, spouses await a long and happy life. On another tradition, the culprit of the celebration may try to "steal" during a banquet of any of the male guests. If he succeeds, he should be the whole three dance with the bride.
Wedding vendor
To create an unusual and bright atmosphere on wedding, in addition to external similarity with style, some wedding traditions of European countries can be adopted.
Elena Sokolova.
Reader
Most European traditions are aimed at attracting young happiness to the married life, good luck, financial well-being and healthy children.
Karina
In France, it is very reverent to pre-wedding training. Literally every detail of the units of newlyweds, including even the belt or tie, is shiting manually by individual standards, and there are practically no wedding salons in this country. The whole wedding from the French is divided into three stages: wedding in the church, cocktail party and the main banquet. Not all guests are invited to each of these events, instructions about it are put in an envelope with the invitation.
Many Italian customs are fulfilled to this day. For example, the custom tolerate the bride through the threshold of the family house on his hands was originated in this country. The name of the honeymoon also invented the Italians - still in ancient Rome, newlyweds 30 days after the wedding used honey to make a sore life sweet and pleasant.
Interesting! The Italian Bridegroom asks the hands of his beloved at her mother, and not at the father. If you are planning a European wedding, the tradition can be observed.
In Spain, despite the fervor of nature of its inhabitants, to young people who decided to get married, treated strictly. After the engagement behind the bride and groom, there was a heavy observation, the maximum that they were allowed, it was handing hands, and then not in humans.
The Spaniards created their male and women's communities, one can say for interest. Then such groups crossed each other, and the girls could get acquainted with the young men, and the main criterion for choosing the second half and with that, and on the other hand there was a business.
Irish got used to tooling a wedding with royal scope. It is noteworthy that the walling in most cases takes place in early January, as lovers try to get married to Maslenitsa. Then the great post begins, and to play the wedding according to the laws of this country is impossible.
An interesting tradition of Ireland is considered the rite "Aytin Gusak". On the appointed day, the bridegroom comes to the house of the bride's parents, where the young man is treated with baked goes. The party is invited to all who relate to the organization of the wedding, right up to the priest, and all together are discussing urgent questions for the preparation of the celebration.
In Sweden, pretty free wedding traditions. Girls and young men familiarized themselves on weekends, after which the latter had selected their chosen to the house and did not hesitate to stay overnight. Because of this, the wedding often happened when the bride was already pregnant, or even after the birth of a child. Interestingly, the society did not condemn it, but, on the contrary, supported, because it served as evidence that the girl is healthy and can give her husband of heirs.
Interesting! Find out what. This can dreamed in a terrible dream ...
Other countries
There are no less interesting and fun traditions in the rest of Europe. If you wish, such customs can be observed at our own wedding to surprise guests and make the triumph individual.
For example, there are the following marriage traditions.
Nothing bad such customs are carried, so if you want to realize them in life, you can safely experiment.
Intersections with Russian customs
In every culture, the wedding will turn into new details and customs borrowed from other peoples. The most vivid confirmation of this is it is believed that the unmarried girl who will catch it next to marry.
Previously, there was no such tradition in Russia, although there was a similar meaning. All girls who have not yet acquired their family, drove a dance around the newlywed, and she closed his eyes and spisled in the opposite direction. To whom she will show when stopping, she will marry next. And the bouquet, by the way, did not give Russian girls at all, keeping in the family for good luck.
Interestingly, in many European countries and in Russia there are similar The parents of the newlyweds bring fire from their home to help light the newly made spouses their own. In modern interpretation, the focus is replaced by ordinary candles, since even a fireplace is far from all.
If a European wedding is organized, traditions and customs allow you to make the celebration elegant and romantic. Many couples seek to plan their marriage on Western manner, avoiding vulgar ransom, vulgar competitions and other inappropriate events. Such customs will allow not only to diversify the celebration, but also to make it memorable for guests.
Christmas and New Year are ideal for visiting Europe. German Christmas fairs, Pope's performance, Grand New Year's Eve Parties, visiting the Santa Residence in Lapland - each of the European countries can make your Christmas special.
In Europe, more importance is attached to a Christmas Eve, which is necessary to spend in a family circle. Therefore, even for Christmas, there are many restaurants, bars, cafes and shops. Often, New Year's festivities start only with midnight bells, and after everyone is having fun before dawn.
This route is based solely on what can be found in different countries. You will have to get on the plane to these wonderful places, but low cost airlines usually offer fantastic discounts in the winter months. So, such a journey will not cost fabulous money.
In late November - early December, go to Salzburg to visit the Sing Advent Festival. Christmas markets in Germany, as a rule, usually complete their work right on Christmas Eve. Therefore, hurry to get your portion of spicy mulled wine. Paris and London are also well suited for Christmas holidays. In these European capitals, many light challenges are set annually - come and make sure that!
Take Santa in Lapland, and then go to Finland to admire the Northern Lights. On the eve of the New Year, hold the way to Scotland to take part in the traditional celebration of the Hogmans. In early January, visit Spain on the day of the three kings or, as it is different, the day of three matches. It was January 5, the ship with three travelers arrives in the cities of Spain, and the streets are filled with artists, savors and circus.
And although December is very traditionally considered a low season, the Christmas holidays constitute an exception. Therefore, we recommend booking rooms in hotels in advance.
Italy
What is it - to be in Italy for christmas? To submit, you should learn more about the Christmas traditions of this country.
You will probably surprise that the Italian children write letters of Santa Claus not to ask for gifts. These touching messages contain recognition in love for parents. Christmas dinner here is called the "holiday of sevenfish", because each table should have seven different seafood dishes. Meat for Christmas is not accepted. Also be sure to wear red underwear on New Year's Eve. This should attract good luck in the new year.
Germany
Many German Christmas traditions are now common worldwide. It was here that the Christmas trees began to decorate and hang on the door wreaths from coniferous branches. In all Germany, festive markets work to the Christmas team itself. Here you can buy souvenirs, fragrant mulled wine, traditional pastries: vanilla crescents with hazelnuts, stars with cinnamon, almond cookies and gingerbread gingerbread. For dinner, it is customary to bake a goose, and the garnish serves dumplings and cabbage.
In Austria, in the south of Bavaria, as well as in Munich, two Sundays in December take place an unusual procession of Krampuses. Krampus is an evil twin of St. Nicholas. Instead of a bag with gifts in the hands of Krampus chain, a bundle of birch rods and a bag in which he will take off naughty children to hell. IN last years This interesting tradition is becoming more popular. The Germans and tourists dress up in Krampus, which looks outwardly reminds of a goat, and go to walk through the streets of the city.
If you are traveling with children, we recommend that you visit Christmas fairs, see the performances of artists, juggler and gymnasts. Be sure to try the German battle. This is a traditional cupcake with Cucatami, which will conquer you with its magic taste!
Switzerland
Is there a better place for christmas than the Swiss Alps? Switzerland christmas markets are not so impregnated by the spirit of the past, both in Germany, but nevertheless very popular.
In Basel, the largest christmas market in all Switzerland spread out in the open-air. Here you will find charming artisans and many sweets. In Zurich, four Christmas markets work annually. The largest indoor market in all Switzerland starts its work on December 8. And on December 17, the annual festival of floating lights will be held here.
In Bern, the largest Christmas market is located among the houses built in 15-17 century. You can make pleasant purchases and admire the medieval architecture. Berkin Christmas market on Waisenhausplatz is open until December 29, that is, it works longer than the majority and can warm you with Mulled wine almost until the new year.
Portugal
In this country, the mandatory attribute of Christmas is the so-called, Jeanoras. These are small companies of people who go from home to home by performing traditional songs and sometimes accompanying themselves on musical instruments. For us, it is more familiar to call this phenomenon by "carols". Usually in Portugal flavor friends or neighbors.
Portuguese attach great importance to the vertapes. In the village of Pennels, it is annually installed up to five different vertons, some even use 3D technology. Also here it runs the Christmas train, there is a strikingly detailed model of the railway with 10 trains. Thematic master classes for the manufacture of New Year's toys are held daily. The Christmas market will delight you with souvenirs and treats, and the magicians, juggles and clowns will not let you get bored.
Austria
One of the worldwide favorite christmas songs was born in Austria. "Quiet Night" or Stille Nacht perform all over the world, although a little different than the original version of Franz Hruder sounded.
If you are lucky enough to be in Salzburg in the first days of December, then you will definitely visit the Sing Advent Festival. In 2017, Salzberg Advent Singing Festival will be held in the anniversary 70th time. For the first time, performers around the world came here in 1946. Next year, the festival will return to the origins, his theme will again be the revival of the post-war world. Visit this touching event, and you will never forget this meeting with art.
France
Do you know that since 1962, all children in France, sent letters to Santa or, how are it called him here, Noel, got the answer? As in the whole of Europe, on December 25, non-working day, which all the French seek to spend with the family. And the children find gifts under a feastfully decorated fir. Doors of houses traditionally decorate pine wreaths. And in Alsace, it is customary to decorate the house with garlands and luminous figures.
Young French often spend New Year's Eve in Paris clubs or other major cities. But France offers unique alternative options for the celebration of the New Year. You can enjoy a romantic cruise along the Seine River, admire the flare procession or go to the tour of Avignon, which will charm you with festive illumination.
United Kingdom and Scotland
The chief attribute of New Year's Eve in London is a fantastic beautiful firework. Most clubs in London are organized on New Year's Eve special parties. And restaurants arrange a festive dinner with a show program on New Year's Eve. You can also make a cruise on the River Thames or visit the themed New Year's Ball in the famous Torture Garden.
Nowhere not to celebrate the new year as fun, as in Scotland, traditional Hogmanay (Hogmanay) is celebrated. Scots adopted this custom from Varyagov who had fun at the shortest day of the year. Immediately after midnight, it should be headed towards friends and native to congratulate everyone, moving from home to home.
A good admission is considered if the first in the new year the threshold of the house will cross the attractive brunette, in the hands of which should be coal, whiskey, shortbread and chocolate cupcake. In return, such a visitor receives a full glass of the excellent whiskey, because the guest foreshadows good luck, wealth and well-being. It is believed that this belief appeared in the one time when the blond Vikings made their raids at the houses of the Scots. So it turns out that brunette on the threshold of the house is the harbinger of happiness.
