Where in Russia are the lowest salaries paid? Salaries in Russia Average salaries by city

Russia is distinguished not only by its large territory, but also by very high wages.

What is the average salary in Russia?

If we compare the level of average monthly income in 2019 with salaries in Russia in 2020, it can be noted that the average salary in Russia has increased by 12% over the past year. But it should be borne in mind that the increase in wages in Russia in 2020 occurred exclusively in the national currency.

In terms of currency, the salary in Russia in 2020 increased due to a slight depreciation of the foreign currency.

The average salary in Russia in dollar terms in 2020 is significantly lower than in more developed countries, such as the Baltic states, etc.

According to statistics, the highest salaries in Russia are observed in two cities of this country: in Moscow and the cultural capital of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg.

There has always been a large gap between the average wages in Russia among the regions. But in recent years (2017-2020), the trend towards a widening gap between indicators has only intensified. This is primarily due to the onset of the economic crisis, as a result of which the foreign exchange rate has sharply increased.

Due to the increase, the income of the population living in the provincial areas decreased. Against this background, the unemployment rate has grown significantly. Therefore, many people from provincial regions have moved to large cities for the purpose of employment.

The average salary in Russia in 2019-2020 is equal to 36 thousand rubles.

Table: statistics comparing average salaries in Russia by region

The largest salaries in Russia are in Moscow and St. Petersburg. In dollar terms, the average salary in these cities ranges from $ 700 to $ 1,000, while the average salary across all regions is only $ 570.

This level of salaries significantly exceeded the average monthly income of residents of Ukraine ($ 440), Tajikistan ($ 140), Azerbaijan ($ 300) and Kyrgyzstan ($ 220).

Analysis of minimum income by region

The minimum wage is the minimum salary that an organization can pay to its employee. In each region, the minimum wage rate is different.

In 2020, the minimum wage in Russia was raised to 12,130 rubles.

The increase took effect from 1.01.2020. Until that moment, the smallest salary was 11,280 rubles.

But the size of the minimum wage also directly depends on the region and place of employment. The salaries of public sector employees in all regions of Russia are significantly lower than the salaries of people working in non-budgetary organizations.

Table: list of minimum wages in different regions of the Russian Federation

Interesting video. The minimum wage in different countries.

Analysis of minimum wages by years

The table below shows the dynamics of wage growth (minimum wage) in Russia over the years.

Minimum wage as of 01.01.2017 according to statistics from different countries

According to the draft law, salaries are expected to rise in 2020.

According to article No. 129 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, a person cannot receive a salary less than the established minimum wage level. But if a Russian citizen has not worked all the working days or has not fulfilled his duties, the manager has the right to independently regulate the amount of his salary.

Public sector salaries

Since January 1, 2020, the salaries of state employees have increased by an average of 5%.

The salaries of teachers, medical personnel, military personnel and members of the judiciary were mainly raised. In 2017, the average salary of a state employee was 31,200 rubles. After the increase, this amount increased to 33,000 rubles.

In 2020, it is expected to increase the salaries of public sector employees at least twice. According to the presidential decree, such an increase in salaries for public sector employees should be due to the introduction of new reforms, for the implementation of which funds in the amount of 4.6 trillion rubles were allocated.


Despite this, there is a tendency for salary delays in Russia. The delay in salaries affected, first of all, law enforcement officers and employees of the educational sphere (teachers, educators, university professors).

Employees of the Accounts Chamber receive approximately 171 thousand rubles a month. Members of the Federation Council receive 151 thousand rubles a month. State Duma deputies earn 123 thousand rubles. Compared to last year, their salary increased by 29%. Kremlin employees in 2019 were awarded a 5% increase in salaries, so in 2020 their salary is 206 thousand rubles.

Winner of the All-Russian competition "Educator of the Year"

The salaries of preschool teachers increased by 5%. In Moscow and St. Petersburg, a teacher's salary ranges from 30,000 to 35,000 rubles a month. In Yekaterinburg, the salary of a kindergarten worker ranges from 16 thousand to 17 thousand rubles. In Perm, for a similar position, they pay from 11 thousand to 13 thousand rubles. In the Altai Territory, the salary of employees of preschool institutions ranges from 13 thousand to 15 thousand rubles per month. Educators working in the Altai Republic receive from 17 thousand to 19 thousand rubles a month.

In Crimea, this year, there is almost no debt on wages to public sector employees. In this region, the level of the average monthly salary is actively growing. So in 2015, the average salary was 15 thousand rubles, in 2020 this figure increased to 29 thousand. The lowest salaries in the public sector are paid to social workers. Their salary does not exceed 20 thousand per month.

The salary of doctors in this region is 21 thousand rubles, and university teachers and teachers receive approximately 28 thousand - 29 thousand rubles. Kindergarten teachers in Crimea earn from 10,000 to 12,000 rubles a month. Employees of a preschool educational institution in Sevastopol receive an average of 19 thousand rubles.


The salary of the pilot of the state-owned company Aeroflot directly depends on the number of flight hours:

1. If the number of hours is 85 per month, then the pilot will receive at least 290 thousand rubles per month.
2. If the number of hours is more than 90 per month, then the pilot's salary will be about 340 thousand rubles per month.

The salary of a janitor working in a utility company is directly dependent on the region. So a janitor in Moscow receives from 22 thousand to 23 thousand rubles. In Chelyabinsk, a similar position pays 15 thousand rubles. In the cultural capital of the Russian Federation, the salary of a janitor is about 20 thousand rubles. In Tula and Yekaterinburg, janitors earn from 15 thousand to 16 thousand rubles.

Analysis of salary arrears of public sector employees

Wage arrears in 2019 in the Russian Federation amounted to 3.8 billion rubles. Over the past month, it has decreased by 5%. Due to the current situation, the Russian government intends to freeze the issuance of wages to index pension payments in 2020.
The state owes the largest amount of money to employees who work in such areas as:

1. Manufacturing industry.
2. Construction.
3. Transport sector.
4. Mining.
5. Agriculture.
6. Research and development.
7. Gas, water and electricity production.
8. Educational sphere.

The highest paid specialties

According to a social survey and statistics on the level of wages, Russia's ranking of the highest paid professions includes such specialties as:

How much do specialists earn

TOP 10 lowest paid professions in Russia:

• Salesman. On average, a seller of goods earns about 17 thousand rubles a month.
• Secretary. The salary of an office manager is 20 thousand rubles a month.
• Teacher. The salary of a university teacher is on average 15 thousand rubles. But it should be borne in mind that well-known professors and deans with a scientific degree receive an order of magnitude more. But even this amount cannot be compared with the salary of a teacher in the United States, which is 87 thousand per year.

• Locksmith. This specialty belongs to the professions of the middle class in Russia. A highly qualified specialist can receive up to 60 thousand rubles a month. And locksmiths working in public utilities receive no more than 23 thousand rubles a month.
• Nanny or governess. In 2014, representatives of this profession received about 70 thousand rubles a month. But due to the crisis and the difficult economic situation in the country, their salaries have dropped significantly. Today, the average salary of a nanny in Moscow is 30,000 - 35,000 rubles.

• Sales Representative. The average monthly salary of a representative of this profession is 40 thousand rubles.
• Hairdresser. It should be noted that the salary of a hairdresser directly depends on the number of clients. Therefore, on average, hairdressers earn from 13 thousand rubles a month.
• Doctor. The average salary of a doctor in Russia is 28 thousand rubles. Junior medical personnel receive from 13 thousand rubles. A nurse's salary starts from 15 thousand rubles in more developed regions.
• Teacher. The average salary in a specialty is 30 thousand rubles.
• Educator in preschool children's institutions. The minimum wage for a teacher is 10,000 rubles a month.

If the parent has an official stable salary, then child support in Russia is assigned in shares of his actual earnings... Often, alimony payers stop working officially, do not register with the Population Employment Center (CPC), and at some point stop paying money to support the child.

At the same time, alimony debt begins to form behind them, the value of which is determined based on the size (NWP) in Russia. According to Rosstat, as of November 2019, it was RUB 46285 At the same time, only the NWP is larger than in the country as a whole.

The average salary in Russia is used to calculate alimony in the event that payments for a child assigned as a percentage, and the payer:

• did not work (or did not work officially) during the period of debt formation;
• cannot provide documents confirming the amount of his earnings for this period.

Thus, in essence, the average monthly wage is a theoretical value, but bailiffs widely use it in practical application, in particular, and at.

When is child support calculated from the average wage in Russia?

As you know, there are much more alimony debtors than bona fide payers, and the reasons for the alimony debt can also be very different: from a real absence of a job to concealment of income by the debtor. However, such factors do not relieve the "deviators" from their assigned duties and do not bring any particular difficulty to the bailiff-executor: in relation to the debtor, it is formed and grows every month.

The debt on payments is formed by the person liable for alimony regardless of what form of collection of funds is not performed by the "evader":

• between the payer and the recipient;

It is important to take into account that the bailiff will calculate the debt in shares of the SZP only if child support has been assigned as a percentage of income parent.

The maintenance debt is determined by the authorized official of the FSSP based on the size of the average salary in the Russian Federation, if during the period of formation of the debt the payer:

• was;
• did not provide documents confirming earnings or other income;
• was not registered in the center of employment.

Calculation of alimony arrears from the average monthly salary in the Russian Federation

When a voluntary notarial agreement or a court decision on the recovery of alimony is not fulfilled by the debtor, calculate the accumulated debt for payments for this person. This is done in order to:

• in case of subsequent employment of the debtor or revealing his other income, collect the accumulated debt in favor of the recipient of the alimony;
• on the basis of a decision on the calculation of debt, apply to the debtor measures to attract him to various (administrative, civil, criminal).

The main value used by the bailiff is the average monthly wage in the Russian Federation. The use of this particular indicator for the Federal Bailiff Service (FSSP) is regulated three regulations:

• h. 4 tbsp. 113 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation;
• h. 3 tbsp. 102 of Law No. 229-FZ "On enforcement proceedings";
• "Methodological recommendations on the procedure for fulfilling the requirements of executive documents on the recovery of alimony"(approved by the FSSP of Russia 06.2012 No. 01-16).

Art. 5.1 "Methodical recommendations ..." defines the main points of calculating arrears from the average monthly salary for FSSP employees:

1. Information on the current average salary in the Russian Federation must be requested monthly from Rosstat or confirmed on its official website.
2. Personal income tax (PIT), equal to 13%, when calculating debt not withheld.
3. The moment of debt collection is considered date of actual debt repayment.
4. The calculation of the alimony debt must be made by an employee of the FSSP quarterly.

The debtor should remember that the alimony debt will be calculated not by region of residence payer or claimant, and according to the indicator of the Russian Federation in order to protect the rights and legitimate interests of minors, in favor of whom maintenance payments are charged.

Since the "statistical" average monthly wage in the country as a whole is often much higher than the real income of a working citizen in most constituent entities of the Federation, then become a debtor in alimony in this case extremely unprofitable, first of all, for the payer himself(and vice versa - this is often more beneficial for the recipient of the alimony).

An example of calculating debt by bailiffs from an average salary

Payer Petrenko N.N. received a monthly salary at the enterprise in the amount of 20,000 rubles, his alimony obligations for 1 child, according to the court order, amounted to 1/4 of all types of income. Since Petrenko N.N. did not have any other income, the monthly payment for child support was 5,000 rubles.

Wanting to avoid payment obligations and hide his income, on 12/01/2018, Petrenko quit his job and got a job in a private company unofficially (without an employment contract). In March 2019, he received from the bailiff debt settlement order for alimony for 3 months from the value of the average monthly wage (MW) in Russia in the amount of 43,062 rubles. for February 2019:

• December 2018 - 10,765.5 rubles. (1/4 of the NWP);
• January 2019 - 10,765.5 rubles. (1/4 of the NWP);
• February 2019 - 10,765.5 rubles. (1/4 of the NWP).

As a result, the debt gr. Petrenko N.N. from 01.12.2018 to 01.03.2019 was RUB 32,296.5 It turns out that if this citizen continued to officially work at this or another enterprise and paid alimony in good faith, the amount of payments for the same period would be only RUB 15,000- which is 2 times lower.

Average salary in Russia in 2020 according to Rosstat

The very large spread of the average monthly salary in the regions of the Russian Federation makes it unprofitable for payers in most regions of Russia to be able to calculate alimony arrears by bailiffs based on the average salary in the country.

So, according to the official data of Rosstat:

• the average salary in Russia as of November 2019 was RUB 46285- it is this value that is used by the bailiffs when determining the amount of the alimony debt as of the beginning of 2020, since the NWP for other periods has not yet been determined;
• the maximum average monthly wage was registered in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug - RUB 106,922;
• minimum wage as of November 2019 - in the Republic of Dagestan - RUB 26,644.8

Thus, the difference in the level of income between residents of the regions with the highest and lowest average monthly wages as of November 2019 amounted to 106,922 - 26,644.8 = 80,277.2 rubles.

Moreover, out of 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation:

• Total 19 regions have a salary higher than the national average (in these regions, the calculation of the alimony debt from the average Russian salary of 46,285 rubles may be more profitable for payers and unprofitable for recipients of alimony payments);
• in the rest 66 regions the level of wages is lower than the national average (here the use of the average wage for calculating alimony is more profitable for the recipient and unprofitable for the majority of payers).

Full data on the average salary in Russia as of November 2019 according to Rosstat data are given in the table below.

In early 2008, when no one had yet anticipated a global economic crisis, former Russian President Dmitry Medvedev mentioned that since the beginning of the new millennium, Russian salaries have been steadily growing. GDP growth over the same period was much more modest. It was not only Dmitry Anatolyevich who drew attention to the fact that it is necessary to increase labor productivity, but with the next increase in wages it can be postponed. Recall that in 2004 it was $ 242 (6,740 rubles at that time), in 2008 - $ 588 (17,290 rubles).

However, the question of why salaries are so small in Russia was asked then and continues to be asked now. On a direct line with the president - in a unique format of interaction between the head of state and ordinary citizens - issues of the internal economy (the level of salaries, jobs, youth employment) became one of the main topics in 2002, 2005, 2008, in 2014-2017, the discussion was held annually. After the crisis and during the period of sanctions, the authorities admitted that salaries in Russia are small.

Heavy nineties

Why are salaries low in Russia and, in general, are they small, objectively speaking? In the nineties, the standard of living of most Russians was determined solely by wages and social benefits; there was no question of any additional income. And the charts of average salaries (especially in rubles) were distinguished by rapid ups and downs - a deep economic crisis was evident.

In April 1991, the average for Russians was 495 rubles ($ 341 at the average annual rate corresponding to the time), in December of the same year - 548 rubles ($ 101.6). For this amount at the beginning of the year, you could buy 219 kg of potatoes (at the then prices), at the end - 182.6 kg. Further it gets worse. In 1992, the average salary was 5995 rubles, or almost $ 24, in 1993 - 58.6 thousand rubles, or $ 140, in 1994 - 220 thousand rubles, or about $ 67.

If we talk about the percentage of wages to the level of 1991 (before the reforms), then in 1992 incomes amounted to about 68%, in 1995 - about 45%. The biggest drawdown of the graph was observed in 1999, when the level of wages of the population stopped at about 32-35% of the income of 1991. Experts say that in the nineties, the standard of living of the population decreased by 1.5-2 times - to the indicators of the sixties.

Non-payment of wages

At the same time, there were also non-payment of wages. This negative process affected the majority of the population (60% of employees) in all regions of Russia and most sectors of the economy. The maximum level of debt (69%) was observed in the north-west of the country, slightly less were debts in the Far East (67.9%), in the Urals and the North Caucasus (65.7-65.6%), in the Volga region (66%) ... In Moscow and St. Petersburg, the debt amounted to almost 32%.

Improvement trend

It was possible to say that improvements were approaching already at the end of 1998 - beginning of 1999. The demand for domestic goods has increased, the volume of production has grown, and exports in physical volumes have increased. Already by the beginning of the new millennium, there was an increase in the real income of the population. According to official statistics, the number of Russian citizens who live below the poverty line has also decreased. If in 2000 this stratum of the population was almost 30%, then by 2009 the poor became 13%.

According to official data, since 1992, the increase in wages in Russia in rubles has been observed constantly (the graph is presented below). But the stability of the rate of the domestic currency did not differ. Another decrease in wages in dollars occurred during the world economic year, then in 2012-2014. The last time the decline was due to the global drop in oil prices, the Ukrainian crisis and sanctions against Russia.

A quick overview of average salaries

Today, the average salary in Russia (2017) after deducting income tax is 30.8 thousand rubles. The minimum wage since June this year is 7,800 rubles, the subsistence minimum for able-bodied citizens is 10,187 rubles. But Russia is too big a country to talk only about general figures - salaries, and the cost of goods, and the standard of living in general differ significantly in the regions.

Highest salaries in Russia by industry

In 2015, the highest salaries were in the oil and gas industry, financial analysts, mining and transportation.

In 2016, the highest average wages remained in the extractive industry - 71 thousand rubles, in the fuel energy - 80.9 thousand rubles, mining - 51.2 thousand rubles. This, by the way, is the usual salary of a janitor in Germany.

In the transport area, the average monthly remuneration is 42.5 thousand. The driver of special equipment earns about 60 thousand, a loader - 46 thousand, a freight forwarder - 43 thousand, a mechanic - 40 thousand rubles. The driver's salary is 29 thousand rubles.

Civil servants earn an average of 40 thousand per month - this applies to department heads and middle managers. Top management can be content with much higher salaries - about 68 thousand - almost like specialists working in the extractive industry. The salaries of state employees in Russia are much lower.

Executives in virtually every industry earn more than the average. So, for example, chief doctors, private doctors and directors of pharmacies can count on 65 thousand, top managers in the hotel and restaurant business - 60-64 thousand rubles, foremen, foremen, construction and dismantling works - 50-58 thousand rubles.

Other high-paying professions:

1. Narrow-profile specialists. It is more difficult for workers with a narrow specialization and practical experience to find a job, but their salaries are much higher than that of ordinary employees. For example, the salary of civil aviation pilots in Russia is almost 300 thousand rubles with a flight time of 85 hours per month.
2. Programmers, system administrators and developers. In the nineties, there was a shortage of such specialists, an outflow of personnel abroad, now the market has not been saturated with highly qualified IT specialists. The professional is still missing. The average salary of a programmer is from 60 thousand rubles.
3. Internal Relations Managers. Such specialists are needed by large firms. Their responsibilities include ensuring contact between management and ordinary employees, ensuring loyal relations between employees, developing a corporate style, project work, and so on. Professionals with experience can receive 100-250 thousand monthly.
4. Accountants are considered highly paid workers, but this requires a specialized higher education, work experience of at least three years, the ability to navigate the laws. Corporations are ready to pay 350 thousand rubles to highly qualified specialists.
5. A young practicing lawyer can count on 35 thousand, more experienced colleagues earn 150 thousand a month.
6. Sales and purchasing managers, logisticians, marketers, auditors. In the first case, you need to understand the psychology of the consumer, the characteristics of the goods, in the second, you need to know the customs system and logistics. Any specialist needs experience and professional education. The average salary is 25-50 thousand.

Lowest salaries by industry

The number of citizens with incomes below the subsistence level in 2016 amounted to almost 20 million people (13.5% of the country's population). The average salary of doctors in Russia (as well as social workers and teachers) in 2016 increased by only 5%, in agriculture, textile production, forestry and hunting - 10%.

In the manufacturing industry, seamstresses, craftsmen, technologists, specialists receive from 16 (clothing, textiles) to 32 (pulp and paper industry) thousand rubles. In food products, specialists can count on 28.8 thousand, manufacturers of footwear and leather products - 20.5 thousand, furniture, wooden goods - 22 thousand.

Ancillary workers and some representatives of blue-collar specialties earn within the same limits, although even here everything depends on many factors. The salary of a turner in Russia is 15-20 thousand rubles. But a specialist who has admissions and work experience can already count on 30-40 thousand or more. The highest paid employees are considered (about 60 thousand monthly) who are ready for a rotational work method.

Small salaries have to be content in the hotel and hotel business. Administrators, waiters, receptionists and maids receive from 20 to 25 thousand rubles a month. Chefs get a little more - 34 thousand.

Salaries of workers in education, medicine, law enforcement

In the medical industry, the situation is not rosy. Laboratory assistants have to be content with 14 thousand rubles a month, pharmacists and pharmacists - 24 thousand, nurses and nurses - 19-23 thousand. They earn a little more in education. The average salary of a teacher in Russia is 26.7 thousand rubles, but this is really very average data.

The salary of a janitor in Russia is on average 15 thousand rubles according to official data, but in practice such workers can receive only 3 to 6 thousand. How much do technicians and some housing office workers get? In this area, the highest paid job is considered to be the manager of a homeowners' association or housing and communal services - 46-66 thousand rubles.

In the Ministry of Internal Affairs (like many teachers or doctors), most of the salary is made up of various individual allowances - for higher education, length of service, the presence of an officer's rank, hazardous working conditions, and so on. The average salary of a police officer is 30 thousand rubles. The bonus for conscientious service can range from half the salary and more, for the risk to life and health - up to 100% of the salary, for special conditions (for snipers or ransomware, for example) - up to 30% of the employee's salary without allowances.

Thus, the salary of a police officer who conscientiously performs service, works under special conditions and has devoted more than 25 years to work can be about 70 thousand. This also excludes military rank, higher education, advanced training and performance indicators. The salary in the Ministry of Internal Affairs is difficult to statistically account, since many variables affect the final amount.

Why is "bad for everyone"

The statistics show that the average salary of an ordinary employee allows him to provide him with a normal standard of living. But why then does everyone insist that salaries in Russia are small? And why do official statistics and other data differ so much: statistics from open sources, public opinion polls?

Most likely, the fact is that those who receive enough will not speak out too much, since they are satisfied with everything. But people who have to be content with low wages speak, as a rule, on behalf of everyone. That is why one gets the impression that "it is bad for everyone." But actually it is not.

Russian and European salaries

They especially like to mention low wages in Russia and European wages. The lowest salaries by European standards are in Romania ($ 684), Bulgaria ($ 591), Latvia ($ 1039), Lithuania ($ 867), Hungary ($ 1129). Most of all they receive in the Scandinavian countries ($ 4700-5800), France, Belgium, Austria, Germany. Slightly less - in Slovenia, Spain, Greece and Cyprus (on average $ 2500).

The salary of a police officer in Lithuania (salary only) is more than $ 800, in France an intern receives almost $ 2,000, and in Slovenia - $ 1,100. By the way, rallies are held quite often in Slovenia. The protesters demand an increase, too, are dissatisfied with the insufficient salaries.

Truck drivers in the Scandinavian countries receive $ 25-30 per hour, an average driver in France receives from $ 600 per month. The salary of a public bus driver in Germany is at least $ 1,500. The tram driver receives $ 3,500, the construction machine operator $ 3,200. The salary of a turner in Germany is 2.5-3.5 thousand dollars.

Monthly pilot remuneration in Germany - 5.8 thousand dollars. This is $ 800 more than the salary of civil aviation pilots in Russia.

Living standards comparison

When comparing Russian salaries with European ones, another question is often forgotten - the cost of living in Russia can in no way be equated with the European one. According to statistics, Russians spend 27.7% of their wages on food, in practice - half. Here's how much the same figure is in different European countries:

1. Lithuania, 33.7%.
2. Bulgaria, 33.2%.
3. Croatia, 31.7%.
4. Montenegro, 31.6%
5. Romania, 31.5%.
6. Latvia, 28.2%.
7. Estonia, 27%.
8. Poland, 24.9%.
9. Hungary, 23.5%.
10. Slovakia, 20.7%.
11. Greece, 20.4%.
12. Czech Republic, 20.2%.
13. Italy, 19.5%.
14. France, 16.4%.
15. Spain, 15.1%.
16. Iceland, 14.9%.
17. Slovenia, 14.3%.
18. Sweden, 13.5%.
19. Portugal, 13.3%.
20. Belgium, 13.2%.
21. Germany, 12.8%.
22. Finland, 12.7%.
23. Cyprus, 12.3%.
24. Ireland, 12.2%.
25. Austria, 12.1%.
26. Norway, 11.8%.
27. Switzerland, 11.5%.
28. UK, 11%.
29. Denmark, 10.6%.
30. Netherlands, 10%.

The leader is Luxembourg, whose citizens spend 8.6% of total income per month on food.

The cost of living in Europe is much higher than in Russia, and high salaries do not always “cover” all the necessary expenses.

Closest neighbors by GDP

So why are salaries low in Russia? In fact, Russian salaries are not at all low (there is a constant increase in remuneration for labor), but they correspond to reality. And it is much more reasonable to compare Russia with its closest neighbors, but not even geographically at all, but financially - with neighbors in terms of gross domestic product.

According to the International Monetary Fund, GDP per capita in Russia is $ 26.5 thousand. The indicator provides the RF 48th place in the rating. The closest neighbors in terms of GDP are:

1. Latvia, 24.7 thousand dollars.
2. Greece, 26.3 thous.
3. Hungary, 26.5 thous.
4. Poland, 26.6 thous.
5. Kazakhstan, 24.9 thous.

Malaysia ($ 26.2 thousand), Antigua and Barbuda ($ 24.2 thousand), Saint Kitts and Nevis (25.1 thousand), Seychelles (26.3 thousand) and other countries are not taken into account, comparison with which for Russia is at least strange and incomprehensible.

So, in Hungary, for example, with the same level of GDP per capita, the average salary is $ 600 per month, in Russia the same indicator is $ 589. Hungarians working in the automotive industry earn an average of $ 1,500, Russians - $ 750. Low-skilled workers can expect $ 600 per month in Hungary (just over 35 thousand rubles), high-class specialists - $ 1200 (72 thousand rubles).

It would seem that there is a higher wage, but here it is time to recall European prices. In Hungary, you can rent a one-room apartment in the city center for at least 15 thousand rubles in terms of the national currency, in a residential area - for 7 thousand. The cost of housing and communal services is from 2 thousand rubles in summer to 10 thousand rubles in winter. The situation is the same with the rest of the expenses.

It can be concluded that the question of why salaries in Russia are low becomes simply incorrect, because if we compare the economy of the Russian Federation with economies of European countries similar in terms of basic indicators, Russians do not live poorly at all, but at a quite decent level. Although, of course, one cannot deny that there are problems in Russia.

Average wages (AVER) is one of the macroeconomic indicators. It is used in statistical forecasts and is calculated for the calculation of benefits, pensions, various indexations, the development of business concepts, etc.

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Average salary calculations are determined by legislation for each country. The calculation procedure was approved by the International Labor Organization (ILO) and is the basic indicator for assessing the well-being of the population.

Legislative calculations on wages

The legislation of the Russian Federation provides for the use of the parameters of the average wage in various operations related to:

• with payroll;
• social benefits;
• business trips, etc.

The AVER for statistical national purposes is calculated as the arithmetic average of the salaries of a certain group of workers and is the basis for calculating the average national income.

The average salary does not reflect the real income of the average worker as absolutely all income levels are taken into account.

The SRHR is determined by the relevant articles of the Labor Code, the Family Code and other legislative acts. For each category, there is a legal framework that determines the methodology for applying the average wage parameter. In addition, the average salary of an individual employee for a certain period of time is determined.

Accrual

The calculation of the average wage is regulated by Article 139 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 90, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 922.

In accordance with the norms described in legislative acts, one should:

• Calculate the total amount of the employee's salary for 12 or 24 months preceding the moment of accrual. The total amount includes the actual amounts earned and material remuneration, regulated by the internal regulations of the enterprise. Material remuneration should be of a permanent nature of payments.
• For calculations, social payments and one-time payments are not taken into account. In addition, the amount does not include sick leave payments and any types of compensation.
• The amount received is divided by the number of months worked and the number of working days per year, which corresponds to 12 or 24 and 29.4.
• To calculate benefits, the result is multiplied by the number of days for which the payment is made. Important: If the employee's experience does not exceed 6 months, then the calculation is made based on the minimum wage (minimum wage). For employees who work at the enterprise from 6 to 24 months, the average salary is calculated based on the number of days actually worked (how many working days according to the time sheet), but the amount of earnings cannot be lower than the minimum wage.

In accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, there are several types of calculating the average wages and salaries. The law reflects the specifics of accruals when accounting for compensations for unused planned leave, excludes the accounting of gifts and fully describes all types of accounted payments.

Enhancement

Raising the level of the average salary in the Russian Federation is the primary task of the entire state apparatus. With the observed long-term tendency of a decrease in the number of qualified personnel and a steady aging of the population, for 2020 the Government predicts to set this indicator at the level of 75,000 rubles in the country, excluding categories.

To speed up the economy and stimulate the growth of wages in the framework of improving the general welfare of citizens, it is planned to increase the average wages by 25 to 120 thousand rubles.

The project is based on the innovative development of the country, and an increase in wages will be observed, under favorable conditions in all sectors of economic activity.

Increases in wages for officials, judges and public sector employees are made periodically on the basis of federal laws published specifically for the implementation of such events. But Article 134 of the Labor Code provides for an increase in wages at all, without exception, enterprises in connection with the rise in prices for services and goods.

Indexing

The indexation of the salary is regulated by Art. 134 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, which indicates that state and local authorities, when calculating such payments, are guided by regulations in labor legislation.

Other enterprises of all forms of ownership adopt internal (local) regulations and conclude a collective agreement (agreement) describing this procedure.

It should be understood that teachers of private schools do not belong to the category of public servants and receive salary indexation in accordance with the regulations established at the enterprise. Internal regulations for establishing the level of compensation should not contradict Article 372 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

Pension and alimony

The most important thing for most workers is the calculation of the average wage at retirement. Based on the size of this parameter, the part of the pension for the period of work until 2002 is calculated, which takes into account the salary for any 60 months of continuous work. The state has established conversion ratios for average wages for the period from 1960 to 1990, from 1991 to 1997, from 1998 to 2001.

The higher the average salary for the periods indicated above, the higher the actual pension that will be accrued at the moment.

To calculate the pension by years, the average salary for the periods indicated above and the average salary for the period from 2002 to the current moment are calculated and the final amount is established by applying the methodology.

When resolving disputes over the repayment of debt or the accrual of alimony, they are guided by the Family Code of the Russian Federation Article 113, Federal Law No. 223, as well as Article 102 of the Federal Law No. 229. The regulatory framework states that if the payer of alimony does not work at the time of collection or did not work before , then the calculations use the average salary depending on the region of residence of the defendant.

Average salary in Russia in 2020

The average wage rate in the Russian Federation in the current year, as in previous periods, is calculated depending on the branch of economic activity, professional orientation of workers and regional basis.

This approach reflects the most complete picture of economic development and allows government organizations to make decisions aimed at improving the welfare of the country's population. In addition, these indicators are monitored by world organizations and can show the prospects for the development of countries or the maturing of crisis situations, both in individual regions and in the world.

The size of the average wage is officially determined by the statistical authorities on the basis of information provided by enterprises and organizations.

In addition, there is a possibility of alternative calculations based on published vacancies and opinions of employees of the corresponding categories. Such indicators usually differ, as indicated above, and are not intended to reflect the real level of income of the average worker.

The average salary in the Russian Federation is currently set at 32,000 rubles. For individual categories, it differs to varying degrees and is due to various factors. In addition, there is an average growth of up to 11% per year and trends in the data during the calendar year.

By industry

One of the indicators reflecting the growth of sectors of the economy is the dynamics of changes in average wages on an annualized basis for individual sectors of economic activity. Guided by the 10% growth in average wages across industries over recent years, we can predict similar growth in 2020.

This trend can be visually analyzed by looking at the graphic materials.

By profession

The trend of changes in salaries by profession in 2020 will provide for a sharp change in the exchange rate of the national currency in relation to foreign money. First of all, this applies to the areas of the extractive industry, the IT industry and the financial sector, in which salaries are pegged to foreign currencies.

At the same time, there will be a significant difference in relation to professions that are not related to foreign economic activity.

At the moment (before the publication of the semi-annual report of official statistics), you can navigate in the indicators of average salaries in popular specialties, using the publications of vacancies on information resources.

By region

Average wages for the regions of the Russian Federation calculated by the State Statistics Service in 2020. The regional average salary indicates the average earnings of the entire working population, taking into account the lowest and highest salaries and is calculated as an arithmetic mean.

Comparative analysis

The indicator of the level of average wages allows you to analyze the well-being of the population in different countries of the world and predict the development of economies, establishing links in various directions, focusing on the sale and purchase of goods and services.

Average salaries in some countries of the world are presented below (USD).

European level

In Europe, the level of the average salary significantly exceeds all the CIS countries, but given the amount of insurance payments and the high cost of utilities, it is not possible to give an accurate assessment of the level of well-being of the population by analyzing only this parameter.

The UN, in its “Poverty” report, makes an estimate based on the maximum amount of statistical data such as prices, consumption levels, market availability for investors, etc. elements to bring the comparative assessment closer to the real state of affairs.

But from the diagram we can conclude that the crisis affects the situation with wages. An example is Greece, which has been in a severe economic downturn for several years now. The average salary level in this country is almost 2.5 times lower than in Germany and France. Not significant salaries and new members of the European Union.

In European countries, the practice of hourly wages has been introduced at the legislative level, and average wages are calculated based on this indicator.

The average hourly wage in the EU is € 21, and the top three in the European Community is made up of:

• Belgium (39 Euro per hour),
• France (34.2 Euro per hour),
• Luxembourg (33.7 Euro per hour).

The lowest salaries are in Bulgaria (3.5 Euro per hour), Romania (4.2 Euro per hour), the Baltic countries (5.5) and Poland (7.1).

By profession, the level of salaries has a similar ratio in the context of countries. Based on the level of salaries of popular professions in Germany, one can understand the amount of income of similar workers in other EU countries.

Average salaries by specialties were distributed as follows:

• IT technology sphere - 52,000 - 58,000 euros per year;
• technical engineers and technicians - 50,000 - 55,000 euros per year;
• accounting and financial management - 51,000 - 59,500 euros per year;
• medical industry - 53,000 - 65,000 euros per year.

USA

On the North American continent, as can be seen from the diagram, the average wage level practically does not differ from the advanced European powers, but does not exceed it either.

As in other countries of the world, the level of income in the Russian capital is higher than in other regions. Moscow salaries attract those wishing to earn money from all over Russia and even from abroad - citizens of the countries of the former USSR, Asian countries, less often some European countries come here to earn money.

Below IQReview will deal in detail with the current situation on Moscow salaries.

Average indicator, according to Rosstat

According to official data (Mosgorstat), salaries in Moscow for the first half of 2017 amounted to 67 899 rubles... At the current (at the end of April) exchange rate, these are:

1216$;

Official statistics are usually reported as “dirty”, that is, before income tax is deducted.

Slightly different numbers are given on the Yandex.Rabota website: the average figure according to his calculations is 63 thousand.

On statistical errors

For individual cities, statistics usually show an approximately correct average wage level. However, the data is still inaccurate for several reasons:

The difference between the minimum and maximum wages is too big. In Moscow, one person can receive 30 thousand rubles, and another - 200 thousand. Their average salary will be 115 thousand, but this figure will be far from reality for both the first and the other person.

The official salary is not always equal to the real one. In Russia (and Moscow is no exception) it is widely practiced. On paper - one salary, but in fact the employee receives some more unofficially - bypassing taxes.

Job (and employee) websites often provide incorrect information. There may be inflated data or "net" salary, or just an arbitrary number.

The real numbers will be slightly lower than those given by the statistics.... If you conduct a survey among Muscovites on the streets, it is unlikely that the majority will have a salary higher than the conditional 60 thousand.More real for ordinary citizens th indicator - 50 -55 thousand.

Expectation and reality: about Moscow salaries from Muscovites (video)

How has the average salary in Moscow changed over the years?

For the sake of interest, one can compare today's salaries in Moscow with the salaries of the past years.

In the past, Muscovites had the following:

Year	Salary, thousand rubles
2000	3.3
2005	14.4
2008	30.5
2010	38.4
2012	48.8
2013	55.4
2014	61.2
2015	64.3
2016	66

As can be noted, the average salary in Moscow in 2017 increased slightly (and has not increased much over the past 3 years). There may be two reasons for this:

The crisis that began in the first half of 2014 and has not yet ended.

Achievement of the optimal "ceiling" for salaries.

salaries in other large cities RF

Now, for comparison, we present the indicators of salaries for other settlements of the Russian Federation. We will take only large cities:

Town	Average salary, rubles
St. Petersburg	45500
Kaliningrad	30000
Murmansk	44000
Rostov-on-Don	23500
Ekaterinburg	31000
Voronezh	25500
Krasnoyarsk	37500
Novosibirsk	29000
Nizhny Novgorod	27000
Kazan	35000
Chelyabinsk	27000

Higher salaries can be found in the northern regions. The average salary in the Russian Federation is about 37,400 rubles.

Comparison of Moscow salaries with salaries of other capitals

Another interesting comparison is the average salary in the capitals and largest cities of other states:

City, country)	Average salary (in dollars at the exchange rate for April 2017)
Kiev, Ukraine)	280-310
Minsk, Belarus)	470
Prague, Czech Republic)	900-1000
Sofia (Bulgaria)	500
Rome, Italy)	1600-1700
Athens, Greece)	800-900
Paris, France)	3100
London, Great Britain)	3100
Tokyo, Japan)	3200-3400
Bern (Switzerland)	5400-6000
Geneva, Switzerland)	7500
New York, USA)	6000
Amsterdam, Netherlands)	2700-3000
Sydney, Australia)	5800-6200

As you can see, Moscow incomes (average $ 1200) lag significantly behind salaries in Western countries, but they are far from the lowest.

Average salary in Moscow

If we take into account that before the crisis the average salary of Muscovites in terms of dollars would have been equal to a conditional $ 2,000, then we can say that the capital's income is quite high. In addition, taxes in Western countries are several times higher.

Who gets the most?

Anyone is interested in how much others get. Do you want to know who has the highest average official salary in the capital?

Most people in Moscow can receive:

Dentists.

Programmers.

Chief accountants.

Chef.

Gynecologists.

Senior managers, management team.

The salaries of the listed specialists can exceed the mark of 80-100 thousand rubles. However, the requirements for them are high, and it is difficult to get a job in a good company (except for programmers - everything depends on their skills and experience).

Who gets the least?

Least of all in the capital region receive:

Handymen.

Catering workers (chefs who do not work in restaurants, but in canteens, snack bars, inexpensive cafes).

Nurses in kindergartens.

Guards, watchmen.

1. Sellers and cashiers.

   Wipers.

   Storekeepers.

   Movers.

   Waiters.

   Promoters.

   Nurses.

The most demanded and the most unclaimed specialties

As in the rest of the world, not all specialties are equally in demand on the Moscow labor market. Some professions are in great demand, others - on the contrary.

Comparison of salaries of teachers and educators

In Moscow, the most popular are:

All sales related professions. Cashiers, sales consultants, commodity specialists, couriers,. The level of salaries for such personnel is far from the highest (according to rough estimates - about 35-40 thousand), however, there should be no problems with finding a job in the field of sales. This is explained by a large number of companies (from small shops to huge shopping centers and supermarkets). Another reason is the high turnover of staff: according to statistics, people often regard such positions as temporary, and leave at the first opportunity.

Most of the medical specialties. There is also a keen demand in Moscow for junior medical personnel (nurses), nurses, most medical specialties of the highest category (first of all, dentists, gynecologists, venereologists, therapists, surgeons). More "narrow" specialties such as allergists, valeologists, endocrinologists, immunologists and so on are less in demand.

IT- specialists. Due to dynamic growth IT- sector, the demand for all specialties that are associated with it is increasing. First of all, these are programmers with knowledge of foreign languages. Both layout designers and high-level designers are in demand (but for novice designers, on the contrary, it will be difficult, since it is easy to find such workers on a "remote site").

Sphere specialists e-commerce. Since a significant part of business processes is now carried out over the Internet, there is a high demand for specialists who are involved in these areas. SEO- and SMM- specialists, editors, content managers, copywriters, link builders - these are the staff that every second company needs. True, in this industry, job search in Moscow is complicated by the fact that in order to save money, small enterprises recruit employees not to the office, but to "remote location".

All "workers" specialties (locksmiths, electricians, welders, plumbers, specialists in the repair of household appliances and electronics).

All construction specialties.

Marketers.

Promoters.

Service personnel(nannies, waiters, cooks).

Education personnel. First of all, there is a demand for school teachers in basic subjects. Tutors in basic school subjects and in “basic” foreign languages ​​are also in demand.

Banking staff.

Translators (first of all - those who know English and Chinese, to a lesser extent - European languages).

« Ordinary "office staff.

V Drivers of all types of transport (including special vehicles).

An important caveat: in demand does not mean "highly paid". Most of the listed professions, on the contrary, are low-prestige and low-paid.

E If we talk about the digital ratio - now they are in demand:

about 20% of vacancies are construction specialties;

about 13% of vacancies are specialties related to industry and production;

about 12% of vacancies are specialties from the service sector.

Employment problems will be experienced by those who want to get a job in such positions:

Teachers in "narrow" subjects (music, philosophy, fine arts).

Economists. In large cities fl and professional and quickly losing t demand due to the transition to electronic document management.

Personnel in the field of travel business, sale and rental of real estate, advertising, insurance. Demand in these industries is falling due to the emergence of applications and services that automate and simplify many processes.

Legal specialties. In this area, there is an oversaturation of personnel. Due to high salaries and a shortage of specialists at the beginning of the 2000s, a large number of students were enrolled in law faculties. Therefore, the market is oversaturated with specialists with diplomas, and there are not enough jobs.

Civil servants (, inspectors).The fall in demand is associated with reductions in government agencies.

HR managers, recruiters.

Is it difficult to find a job in Moscow?

The labor market in Moscow is quite lively and extensive. There are many offers, but in many respects everything is complicated by the location. Due to the large area of ​​Moscow, one has to look for work only in the immediate vicinity of home. And all the same, most Muscovites have to spend about 2-3 hours of time on the road every day.

Difference in salaries by profession

Those who have a more or less demanded specialty for Moscow will have no problems with work. It may not immediately be possible to find a position with a sufficiently high salary, but you will not have to suffer from unemployment either.

Average salaries for different specialties

Now we will give specific numbers - the average salaries for various professions:

Profession	Average salary, thousand rubles
Nurse	25-50
Therapist	35-60
Dentist	50-80
Surgeon	60-70
Shop assistant	30-45
Cashier	30-40
Taxi driver	35-45
Courier	25-35
Security guard	30-45
Watchman	25-35
Office employee	40-50
Programmer	60 and above
Bank employee	40-50
Plumber	40-50
Electrician	40-50
Cook	35-50
Nanny, nurse	30-35
Fast food staff	25-35
Senior manager	60 and above