I try to create a natural type garden with a variety of varietal and wild (including rare) plants, combining beauty, benefit and careful attitude towards ecology. Ideal for such a garden.
I already grow a few Ordinary (Viburnum Opulus) : Red Bunch, Ulgen, Red Coral, f. xanthocarpum, kalina Gordin (Viburnum Lantana) , viburnum Sargentii Onondaga And several seedlings that grew up.
Sweet variety
Red bunch. Received in the VNII genetics and the selection of fruit plants them. I.V. Michurina. High yield. Strembler bush, well-woofy. Berries are large, dark burgundy, spherical. The flesh is juicy, sour-sweet with a pleasant bitterness. Despite self-esteem, if there is a place, it is better to plant at least another bush of another variety - then the crop will be much higher.
Ulgen. Released in Niiss. MA Lisenavenko. The bush is high (up to 3.5 m) and stretched. The fruits are intense-red, rounded. The taste of the weastful. High yield. Selflessly, pollinated by pollen of all varieties and seedlings of Kalina ordinary. The advantages of the variety are large-groundiness (0.7-0.9 g), small seeds, good quality fresh fruits and raw jam. In the dry years, the yield without watering is sharply reduced and the size of the fruit decreases.
Red coral. Created in the Gardening of Horticulture. I.V. Michurina. The bush is compact, average. Ripe fruits bright red, rounded, large. The taste of a weastful with a strong aroma. High density brushes, yield often exceeds 10 kg with bush.
f. xanthocarpum. Low magnificent bush with amber, almost transparent fruits. Taste and properties like ordinary viburnum. Flowers in May. The leaves in the spring are yellow-green, in summer green, in the autumn more often in yellow tones.
I did not notice a significant difference in the taste of berries of varietal plants. The largest and tasty me a variety berries seemed Ulgen. Yes, and on the brushes they kept stronger than the remaining varieties. Berry variety Red coral and Red bunch There were a little less, the bone is larger. This year after hurricane more than half of the berries of the variety Red bunch Found on Earth.
Studies of scientists and the experience of amateur gardeners show that yield, the mass of berries, the number of fruits in inflorescences varies greatly by year depending on the weather. Vintage is much more with good care (sufficient lighting, making, regular watering and mulching, the presence of pollinators,).
Decorative varieties
. Outwardly similar to Kalina ordinary, but in my opinion, much more decorative. This shrub height is 2-3 m is very beautiful when the leaf is dissolved and during flowering. Young foliage bronze-reddish. In large palate inflorescences around the edges, pinkish-white sterile flowers, and in the center - fluttering burgundy. Autumn colored leaves bright, orange-red. Berries are red, small, bitter taste. Just like the viburnum of ordinary, bark, leaves, flowers and fruits are used for drugs.
. An adult plant is a tight bush with a height of 3-4 m. Young branches as if from a light felt, shoots scaly-pubescent. Oval leaves on top of green, from the bottom side of grayish-felt, pleasant to the touch. Fruits, when ripening, changing color from red on black, very decorative. Pests and diseases are almost never damaged. Bark, fruits and leaves have antibacterial activity and are used in medicinal purposes.
Do I need a cauldine without bitterness?
Burfies of viburnum berries give iridoids, or bitter glycosides, - biologically active substanceswhich increase appetite and improve digestion, possess a diuretic, wound-healing, sedative, tranquilizing, antimicrobial activity. So, the sweet (without bitterness), the Kalina, which the breeders seek, will not be so useful. Binding in Kalina decreases after marking or long heating. But thermally processed fruits are significantly changing compared with fresh chemical composition: The amount of pectins is reduced by 21.2%, sugars - by 6.1%, and the loss of ascorbic acid reach 94%, p-vitamin activity is lost. Therefore, Kalina is better to query before use in the freezer or collect after the onset of frosts (but then the harvest can get birds).
Pies, jam, morse, kvass, kissel, jelly, floppy and marmalade, sauce, even a substitute (from seeds). I believe that the most useful and simple is to freeze the berries in portion packages or make a rubbing Kalina C (you can with sugar).
Recipe for rubbing Kalina
Berries go through, flushed, quivel or hold a pair to softening the peel, wipe through the sieve to the state of the puree. Mix the resulting mass with honey or sugar in a ratio of 1: 1 to a homogeneous consistency, decompose on banks and put it in a cold place. For better dissolution of sugar, the mixture can be heated (not higher than +60 ° C). You can mix viburnum berries with or (they ripen about at one time).
Such a workpiece is well added to tea or make a vitamin drink for prevention and, strengthening immunity. Kalina also has a soothing, antiseptic, diuretic, binder, hemostatic, anti-allergic effect, stabilizes pressure, stimulates cardiac activity. Preparations from viburnum are used in the official and folk medicine. But remember that there are contraindications.
In the modern classification, the genus Kalina (Lat. Viburnum) is included in the ADOXOV family (lat. Adoxaceae). At the earlier taxonomy, Kalina was included in the family of honeycomb. There are more than 160 species in the family, a typical representative is a Viburnum Opulus (lat. Viburnum opulus).
Translated "Viburnum" means a vine, rod, which indicates the specific properties of young viburnum shoots associated with weaving household products (baskets, braid on glass forms, other crafts). In Russian, synonyms of viburnum come from the color of ripe fruits, bright red as Kalenoe iron. From here - Kalina, Kalenaya, Calenina, Karina. In some regions, it is called bambara, bambaneja and even unusual - pride.
Calina ordinary
Distribution area
The distribution of the ADOKSOV family is a significant area of \u200b\u200bmoderate latitudes of Eurasia and the Mountain chain of the Andes. Some species have spread in subtropical and tropical areas of Asia, Africa. IN Russian Federation Kalina grows everywhere. It occupies extensive areas in Southern Europe, Crimea, in Western and Eastern Siberia., Kazakhstan, in the Caucasus, in the south-west of the Baikal and other regions, except for the northern and southeastern regions.
In vivo, Kalina occupies the banks of the rivers, moisturized places of the forest zone. Everywhere spreads on forest edges, cutting, with contentment dwells among other shrubs. Kalina refers to light-affiliated cultures and, although it grows in the shade, but does not be fruit. At the same time, poorly tolerates straight sunlight, always "trying to leave" under the shadow of higher trees. In the country culture is convenient and decoratively in the green fence, joint landings with other shrubs.
Kalina folded
Description
Representatives of the genus mostly leaf fall and evergreen shrubs or low trees. Moderately shadowed and moisture. Refer to the group of beautiful and decorative deciduous. These qualities attract the attention of landscapes involved in the decor of landscape plantings.
The low trees, more often shrubs adorn almost every panelies in villages and villages. In the spring of the buzz of bees and honey aroma, the head is spinning, from the bitterness of autumn - tears protruding, and cold winter fruits are sweeter than candies. The root system of representatives of the genus rod, branched, quite developed. Form a wide crown from perennial trunks and annual young shoots. Young shoots green, naked, ribbed over time are covered with smooth grayish green bark. On the old branches, the cortex is grayish-buoya, with longitudinal cracks. In winter, it is easily distinguished from other shrubs unpleasant odor With the fault of wood, dense floom and xylem cloth of yellowish-red color.
The structure of viburnum, on the example of K. ordinary
Three-five-pointed leaves, cuffs with an opposite location. Some species may have simple with a mutiot location on shoots. Sheet plate round or wide-ovoid shape, top view dark green, shiny, whole-acy, gear. From the bottom over the color of lighter, light gray shades with thick soft downsion, some of the leaves with a relatively smooth surface. The decorativeness of the plant gives the changing color of the leaves, which are purchased by bright, elegant tones of orange, red, burgundy and mixed colors by autumn.
Flowers small, white or pinkish shade, actinorphic, are collected into simple umbrellas or complex umbrella-palate inflorescences, located on the tops of young branches. A cup of flower grows to the wounded and consists of 5 accrete chases, along the edge of which 5 small teeth are distinguished. Wheel-shaped inland flowers, bell, slightly elongated. The edge flowers are larger internal. On the shape of a whisk, they are slightly zigomorphic, fruitless. All types of flowers are scarets.
The flowering is long (up to 25 days), it continues from the third decade of May to mid-June. Fruits are bright red or raspberry-red, less often a black or yellow busty of a round or spherical shape with a flattened bone. Fruits juicy, but to taste bitter, binders, ripen in August-September. After frosts, bitterness almost disappears and the taste is replaced by sweet. Can persist on the branches until spring.
Inflorescence Kalina
Popular views and forms
IN middle lane More than 10 types of viburnum are grown, including: K. Wilshatuyu, K. Canadian, K. Kulkhatuyu, K. Wright, K. Gordovina, K. Mongolian, K. Sarzhent, K. Syllolica, K. Three-bladed, etc. Most popular 5 species forms. They got widespread for their decorative qualities and are used for the landscape decor in the form of soliter landings, individual bushes and kurturt on the shredded lawns, to decorate resting places, breaktails, mixboraders.
Dwarf shapes are represented by varieties with small foliage and compact crown. For the purpose of decorating, the "Low" (F. Nanum) and "Compact" (F. Compacta) are used.
Various plants with white-green bright color leaves, give the amazing decorativeness of the bushes - peplarovaya (f. Variegata, f. Alba-Variegata), wrinkled (f. Rugosa).
The fluffy shape of the crown attracts the original leaves, on top of dark green, bare, shiny, in other types of branches of the breeze instantly changing the color of the crown of the plant, giving it a grayish green shade from the downs of the lower side of the leafy plates: K. Gordovina (Lat. V. Lantana), K. Davida (Lat. V. Davidii), K. Decuilding (Lat. V. ODORATISSIMUM), K. Pahohuchuy (Lat. V. Farreri), etc.
Kalina Buldége
Bushes and trees belonging to the group of sterile plant forms ("Roseum", "Mariesii", Bulderezh). A ball-shaped kroon at the flowering time is covered by the elegant inflorescences of sterile flowers that do not form fruits. It is used for the decorative design of the streets of cities, villages, parks and squares, cottages and country households.
On the dumart sites Frequently grown yellow-colored shapes of shrubs. Especially charming grade "xantokarpum" (xanthocarpum). He has an attractive original golden yellow painting of fruits and yellow large leaves with gear edges.
Photo gallery species
Growing and care
We will tell you more about landing and care for viburnum.
Cost of soil
To Kalina pleased with annual flowering and harvest in open sad It must be planted on well-lit plots. Kalina can successfully grow on low-grade neutral or weakly acidic soils. Peat, sandy and podzolic soils are not suitable for viburnum. They need to be addressed by additional making significant amounts of humus, humus, forest or turf.
Disembarking saplings
Landing Kalina saplings spend in spring and autumn. Kalina has no self-pollution, so you should always plant 2-3 trees. Approximately a month before the seedling of Kalina seedlings in the depleted soil, phosphorous-potash mineral tui should be made, not less than 30-50 g under the bustice, a glass of wood ash, 1/3 buckets of humus. The composed of the soil mixture is connected to the soil, dugged under the landing of the pit, and are thoroughly mixed. It is important that the incoming ash is not in touch with roots.
The sizes of the pit under the landing should correspond to the sizes of the root system. In the center of the harvested landing pit, the soil mixture is poured and the roots of the seedling are sprouted on the tubercle. Popping up to the middle of the soil, it is compacted around the stem and poured 0.5 buckets of water. After absorbing, the entire prepared soil mixture is sucked again. When landing viburnum, the root neck is plugged, but not more than 5 cm. After disembarking, the soil around the trunk is compacted and form a rolling circle with sides of the soil, the remaining 0.5 buckets of water are poured. Watering mulch the shallow mulch.
Landing viburnum in spring
Watering and feeding
Young seedlings are watered in the evening 1 time in 3-4 weeks. Adult plants twice over the growing season: in front of flowering and in the phase of fruits. Feed young plants 3-4 times over the summer:
- to the dissolution of the kidneys nitrogen tuki for 40-50 g in the rolling circle under watering,
- before flowing, a better glass of ash or potash (not chlorine-containing) tukah in the same dose as nitrogen,
- during the formation of fruits, it is necessary to feed the full mineral fertilizer (nitroposka, nitroammophos). After 2-3 years, a ripe manure and phosphoric-potash fertilizers need to be added under the people in the fall. All feeders are better carried out under water or in the form of solutions. Adult culture feed only in spring full mineral fertilizer.
Red viburnum
Trimming
Kalina grows quickly and forms a large root piglet per year, which must be destroyed if otherwise provided. The growth of branches can reach 40-50 cm. Therefore, bushes and crowns of trees need a constant trimming, which is divided into a sanitary, forming and rejuvenating.
Sanitary trimming is carried out periodically, in spring to the dissolution of foliage. The old, thickening, curves growing inside the perennial stalks are cut. Cut all shoots around the trunk. The rejuvenating trimming is carried out every 5-7 years, cutting the entire bush by 20 cm of the pencils. From new shoots leave 10-15 the most stronger and developed.
The formative is mainly used in the formation of a village and crown strain. For this, all extra shoots are cut out for 3 years, leave 1 and cut off the desired height of all side branches. Since 3-4 years old begin to form a crown, leaving the 5-7 side branches above the strain 5-7, which will become skeletal. They must be located in a circle at an equal distance so as not to break the tree. When forming the crown, pinch the growth point. Start growing side shoots. They are also picked by manually, giving the crown a round, spheroid or other form. To maintain a beautiful form, the crown systematically thin and all shoots are longer than 40 cm individually.
Valina Ordinary Yellow Form
Reproduction
Kalina is usually breeding normatively and much less often practices from seeds. Seeds shoot slowly. 1,5-2.0 annual stratification are passing before shooting. Berries are small, bitter, in small loose brushes.
Vegetative breeding of viburnum is carried out by dividing the bush, stalling, grooves, root pig. Ways of vegetative reproduction are the same as other similar plants.
Protection against diseases and pests
Krone I. root system Valnes are practically not damaged by fungal diseases. From pests, the greatest harm is caused by Kalinov Listoye (Coroed), Tsl, Lilac Bringerh and Barberry Flower Mole. To protect against pests (as well as on other fruit and flower cultures), bioinsecticidal preparations, including biostopopopop(novelty with a very wide range of negative effects on pests), actor (akarin), batchbacillin, dacket, phytodeterm. Doses, deadlines and number of treatments, including in tank mixtures given in recommendations.
Kalina Kora
Beneficial features
In official medicine, the manufacture of dosage forms is mainly used by the fruits and bark viburnum red or ordinary. In the treatment of individual diseases, the roots and flowers are used by folk drugs.
In the fruits of viburnum contains very important substances for human health, such as carbohydrates (9 species), pectin, organic acids, steroids, vitamins, catechins, flavonoids, sambucin and many others. The preparation of fruits begin after their full ripening along with the fruits. For treatment, use fresh and dried fruits. After drying, the fruits are removed. The use of fruits is acting on the body as a constructive, coating, anti-inflammatory, laxative, wound-healing, choleretic, hypotensive.
The bark is used in official medicine as pharmaceutical raw materials. It is harvested in the spring in April-May. The crust contains resin, oils, organic acids, alkaloids, saponins, triterpenoids, catechins, coumarins, flavonoids, higher fatty acids and other connections. Corn preparations have an effective effect with the disease of the urine-sex system, hemorrhoids, gastrointestinal tract, hypertension, dermatomycosis, sugar diabetes, atherosclerosis, malignant tumors and other diseases. Store the bark in the dried form. For drying, well-ventilated dry rooms or dryers with a temperature of + 50 ... + 60 ° C are used.
Kalina Sarzhen is one of the beautiful varieties of decorative varieties of viburnum. Even the only bush in the garden is able to become a real decoration, especially when there is a time of flowering and gentle inflorescences are revealed on the branches, the white color of which benefits the bright green magnificent delicious crown.
Description of varieties
Sardhent is a large shrub with a powerful spreading crown and a large number of side shoots, thanks to which Kalina grows very magnificent. In the summer, because of the thick foliage on numerous branches, the shoots themselves are almost not visible. The leaflets are attached to the shoots of long cutters, which distinguishes the variety from the viburnum of the ordinary, in which they are shorter. By the fall of the foliage acquires a beautiful criminal hue.
At the end of May, the plant blooms in large inflorescences about 3 cm in diameter, while inflorescences are both fruitless and biscuits. The first is always only white colorand the second have a cream hue. Fruits ripen in the middle of autumn and usually pretty small and red, although there are exceptions. They are edible and possess drug properties.
The sizes of the bush are impressive: adult plants are reached in a height of up to 4 m, while the diameter of the crown is almost equal to the overall height of the viburnum, and the diameter of old branches can reach up to 5 cm at their base. The variety easily transfers frosty winters without shelter and is able to grow on shaded areas. It is better developed on fertile and rich soils.
Kalina Sarzhen is a long-lived perennial and is able to reach 50 years of age.
Value forms of varieties
There are about 7 varieties varieties, but the most famous among them are:
Video about how to grow kalina
Included in the number of plants of the family called Humid, in Latin, the name of this plant will sound as follows: Viburnum Sargentii Kochne. As for the name of the family of Kalina Sarzhen, the Latin will be like this: Caprifoliaceae Juss.
Description Kalina Sarzhen
Sarthen Valina is a rather large bush, the height of which will be about two or three meters, and the diameter at the base of the largest shoots is approximately five centimeters. It is noteworthy that the wood of this plant is endowed with a very characteristic odor. The bark will be painted in bright colors, on old barrels it will be finely shy, on the young branches it is smoother. With the exception of only the most upper leaves, the leaves will be three-bladed with rather sharp blades and incorrectly large-cut-toothed edges. Such leaves can be both completely bare and flooded. Flowers will be a dual kind: the edges are large and reach two centimeters in the diameter, they are flat and fruitless, painted in bright white tones. The remaining flowers will be flying, bowls and rather small in size. The fruits of sarzent viburnum are painted in light red tones, they are bitter, but at the same time also juicy.The flowering of Sarzhen viburnum begins in the second half of July, and the ripening of fruits will occur at the end of September. In natural conditions, this plant is found in China, Korea, Japan, Transbaikalia, and also in the following areas of Russia: in the Amur region, on Sakhalin, in the Kuril Islands, in Primorye and in the Khabarovsk Territory. It should be remembered that this plant is not only very decorative, but also quite valuable honey.
Description of therapeutic properties of Kalina Sarzhen
Kalina Sarzhent is endowed with rather valuable healing properties, while it is recommended to use fruits, leaves, bour and flowers of this plant with the medical purpose. In the above-ground part of the sarzent viburnum are saponins, and Catechins and tannins are present in the cortex. The leaves will contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolcarboxylic acids and their derivatives. In the fruits of this plant there are vitamins C and K, oily oil, organic acids, carbohydrates, alkaloids and anthocyans.A decoction prepared on the basis of the cortex of Sarzent viburnum is capable of increasing the tone of the uterus, as well as to have a hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, vasoconductive and diuretic effect. The fruits of sarzent viburnum can be used as a very valuable diuretic and cardiotonic agent.
Flowers, fruits and leaves of this plant are endowed with hemostatic properties. It should be noted that the fruits are quite suitable for food, and jam and kissel can be prepared from dried fruits. In addition, such fruits also serve as food for both domestic and wild animals.
With diarrhea, the following means on the basis of Kalina Sarzhen should be used: for the preparation of such a product, fifteen-twenty grams of crushed bark are taken into two glasses of boiling water. The resulting mixture should be inspected over four hours, and then this mixture is very carefully filled. Take the resulting agent three or four times a day on one or two tablespoons.
As a sedative, the following means should be used: three tablespoons of crushed leaves are taken to prepare such a means and one tablespoon of flowers on three hundred milliliters boiling water. The resulting mixture is insisted for an hour or two, and then filter. Take such a means at half a glass three times a day.
In case of flu, you should pour water to the viburnum of viburnum in the ratio of one to twenty, and then the mixture is boiled half an hour and strain. Take this tool for fifteen-thirty milliliters three to four times a day.
In the premium and winter period, meeting somewhere in the Valina tree with bright red brushes, we often regret that I still have not bothered to put it on our site. Indeed, Kalina berries are priceless with their vitamin and medical properties, and this, it would seem, a rustic sose of the tree, literally all year round glances, and in the spring, the smell of a wonderful aroma. So putting Kalina at his house, no owner is giving up.
Everyone is good Kalina: and grows quickly, and resistant to the conditions of the city, and the half is easy to carry. And how awesome aroma can fill the garden Blooming Kistina bush! It would seem blooming Kalina - a kind of plant. But what is the elegant! Most varieties of viburnum flowers are white or cream, some pink, resembling hydrangea.
Viburnum
Family: Kalinovy
The name comes from Latin Viere - "Touch, weave"; Since in the ancient times in Europe, the viburnum branches were used for weaving. The Russian name "Kalina" is the Valves Children's word, denoting, by one version, a shrub that grows on a swamp, on the other, pointing to bright red, as it were to a split color of fruits.
Rod has about 200 species. But only 8 grows in Russia.
Kalina Red, the ordinary know everything and I will not write about it.
I'll tell you about some other varieties
Kalina Sarzhen.
Unlike the viburnum of the ordinary, has a more empty multi-timer bush and leaves with a longer camp and the centerpiece. In Moscow, 40-year-old plants have a height of 3.5 m, the diameter of the crown is 1.8-4 m. Flowers in late May-early June. Fancy flowers are large (up to 3 cm in diameter), fruiting flowers have magenta, less often yellow, anthers, which also distinguishes it from ordinary viburnum. Ripening in early October Fruits of spherical, bright red. Fruit annually from ninette age.
Wides in Eastern Siberia, in the Far East and Sakhalin.
Kalina Gordin or Black.
One of the most famous and beautiful Kalin with black fruits, besides edible. Completed in Central and Southern Europe, Malaya Asia, North Africa, in the North Caucasus. There is in the reserves of the Caucasus, the European part of Russia. Grows in the undergrowth of large forests. Wireless mesophyte. In Moscow, the height of 40-year-old plants is 5.6 m, the crown diameter is 3.5 m. Saving, leaves and branches of inflorescence are abundantly covered with white hairs in the form of stars, for which this plant is sometimes called "flour". Very beautiful egg-oval wrinkled leaves up to 18 cm long. They are dense to the touch, wide, on top of dark green color, from the bottom of gray-felt. In June, numerous creamy-white shields are blooming, consisting of identical flowers. The diameter of one flower is about 1.5 cm. Flowers in May - June. Duration of flowering 15-25 days. From each flower then the fruit is formed. During the ripening of fruits, the pride is especially beautiful. At first, all the fruits are red, shiny, then they become black, but not all at once. While all the berries did not sleep, both red and black berries are present in the nozzles. Fully fruits ripen in September, decorate the plant over 20 days. In October, they wrinkle and do not look so attractive as a month ago. Juice is preserved in them, but little, but berries can be used, as they are quite edible.
Kalina Bureinskaya.
A tree or shrub up to 3-4 m high, in nature grows in the Far East, in Korea and China. Flowers in May. Leaves are simple up to 4-9 cm long, elliptical, dark green, slightly pubescent. Flowers are yellowish-white, the fruits are bright red, completely ripe fruits - blue-black, ripen in October. Blossom and fruiting begins with 6 years
In the harsh winters can freeze annual shoots.
Kalina David.
In my opinion, one of the most beautiful. It is very slow. Compact is completely compact, the height is only 0.5-0.8 m. The diameter of the crown is twice as much. Very decorative leather leather, evergreen, opposite, elliptical, 7-15 cm long, up to 8 cm wide, dark green. Characterized deep parallel veins. White-pink flowers are collected in umbrella inflorescences with diamets-rum to 8 cm. Flowers in June. Fruits 6 mm long unusual blue painting, ripen in October.
Svetigubiv, but takes out a half. Protection from dried oriental winds and morning winter sun is needed. Often suffers from sun burns. It grows on the soils of moderately dry or wet, medium-breeding, drum, well-drained, slightly alkaline.
Unfortunately, it grows only in the south of Russia.
Valina wrinkle with the corner.
Evergreen shrub up to 3 m high, with straight, dense felt-felt escapes. Flict plates are thick, naked, from ovate-oblongs to oblong-lanceal, shiny, wrinkled, up to 19 cm long. Flowers are yellowish-gray, in the top, shield inflorescences up to 20 cm in the diameter. Buds appear in the fall, the flowering comes in the spring of next year. The fruits are egg-shaped, small, up to 0.8 cm, original red, then black, shiny. It grows this species very quickly. Shadowish. To the soil unpretentious. Drought-resistant. Good in single landings and small loose groups. It deserves the widest use in the gardens and parks of the extreme south of Russia, as the most frost-resistant evergreen Kalina with the original foliage.
