The mandatory requirements for artificial lighting in the premises of educational institutions are set out in clause 7.2. SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 "Sanitary - epidemiological requirements to the conditions and organization of training in educational institutions ”. According to this document, in all premises of the general educational organization, levels of artificial illumination are provided in accordance with the hygienic requirements for natural, artificial, combined lighting of residential and public buildings.
In classrooms, a general lighting system should be used. It is provided by ceiling luminaires with fluorescent lamps and LEDs. Luminaires with fluorescent lamps are located parallel to the light-carrying wall at a distance of 1.2 m from outer wall and 1.5 m from the inside. Provides fluorescent lighting using lamps according to the spectrum of color emission: white, warm white, natural white.
The blackboard, which does not have its own glow, is equipped with local lighting - spotlights designed to illuminate the blackboards. It is recommended to place the luminaires 0.3 m above the upper edge of the board and 0.6 m towards the space in front of the board.
Luminaires used for artificial lighting of classrooms must provide a favorable distribution of brightness in the field of view, which is limited by indicators of discomfort (MT). The indicator of discomfort of the general lighting lighting installation for any workplace in the classroom should not exceed 40 units. At the same time, fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps should not be used in the same room.
The minimum illumination levels are set for classrooms, classrooms, laboratories, and recreation. When using computer technology and the need to combine the perception of information from the screen and recording in a notebook, the illumination on the students' tables should be at least 300 lux.
When designing an artificial lighting system for classrooms, it is necessary to provide for the separate inclusion of lamp lines. In addition, for the most rational use of artificial light and uniform illumination of classrooms, it is necessary to use Decoration Materials and paints that create a matte surface with normalized reflectivity:
Should be used following colors paints: for ceilings - white; for the walls of classrooms - light colors of yellow, beige; pink, green, blue; for furniture (cabinets, desks) - color natural wood or light green; for chalkboards - dark green, dark brown; for doors, window frames - white.
Cleaning of the lighting fixtures of the lamps must be carried out as soon as they become dirty, at least 2 times a year, and the burnt-out lamps must be replaced in a timely manner. Defective, burnt out fluorescent lamps are collected in a container in a specially designated room and sent for disposal in accordance with the current regulatory documents.
During supervisory activities, the department assesses the level of illumination in children's institutions to the requirements of sanitary legislation. In 2014, inspections were carried out in relation to 188 educational institutions. During inspections in children's and adolescent institutions of the region, 11952 measurements of artificial illumination levels were carried out. The proportion of unsatisfactory measurement results was 7.8%, which is mainly due to unsatisfactory measurements of the pulsation coefficient - an indicator of the quality of artificial lighting in classrooms. Based on the results of unsatisfactory results, instructions were issued to eliminate deficiencies and measures were taken to improve illumination in educational organizations.
Insufficient illumination levels are one of the reasons for the formation of pathology of the organ of vision. In general, according to the results of preventive examinations of the child population in organized teams of the region in 2014 in comparison with 2013, there is a decrease in the detection rate of children with visual impairment by 3.4%.
In 2014, the Department's specialists, based on the results of control and supervisory measures in educational institutions of the region for violations of sanitary legislation, including non-compliance with hygienic standards of artificial lighting, drew up 963 protocols on an administrative offense, issued resolutions on bringing the perpetrators to administrative responsibility in the form of fines.
SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL AND PRODUCTION PROCESS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF PRIMARY PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Regulations
SanPiN 2.4.3.1186-03
(EXTRACT)
2.4.1. Daylight
2.4.1.1. Educational, educational and production, recreational, residential and other premises with a constant stay of students have natural light.
Without natural light, it is allowed to design:
shell, washrooms, showers, toilets at the gym;
showers and restrooms for staff;
pantries and warehouses(except for premises for storing flammable liquids);
radio nodes;
cinema and photo laboratories;
book depositories;
boilers, pumping water supply and sewerage;
ventilation and air conditioning chambers;
control units and other premises for the installation and management of engineering and technological equipment of buildings;
premises for storing disinfectants.
Luminaires for educational rooms
Lamp power 36 W, 4500 K, 3200 lm, recessed.
Luminaire power 38 W, 5000 K, 3450 lm, built-in / overhead.
Luminaire power 36 W, 4000 K, 3800 lm, built-in / overhead. Option - emergency block.
Lamp power 33 W, 4800 K, 2900 lm, IP54, recessed
2.4.1.2. The main system of natural lighting in classrooms is left-sided. The direction of the main luminous flux should not be in front and behind the students. If the depth of the classrooms is more than 6 meters, a right-side illumination is required.
In educational and production workshops, assembly and sports halls, lighting systems are used (side - one, two - and three-sided) and combined (top and side). The choice of the lighting system is determined by the nature of the visual work, the dimensions of the room and equipment, the peculiarities of the light climate, etc. For workshops with great depth - best systems should be considered two-sided side and combined (in one- and two-story buildings).
The direction of light from the side windows to the work surface, as a rule, is left-handed. In locksmiths and turning workshops, the direction of light from the side windows to the right (while ensuring the least shading from the body of the worker and the bulky left side of lathes).
2.4.1.3. In classrooms, the coefficient of natural light (KEO) should be 1.5% at a distance of 1 m from the wall opposite to the light openings, in technical drawing rooms - 2.0%. In a sports hall with side lighting - 1.0%, with top and combined lighting - 3.0%.
2.4.1.4. In educational and production workshops and workplaces of students at the enterprises, KEO is provided in accordance with the characteristics of visual work in accordance with the requirements for natural and artificial lighting. In rooms specially designed for work or industrial training of adolescents, the normalized value of KEO is increased by one category and must be at least 1.0%.
2.4.1.5. The unevenness of natural lighting in educational and industrial premises should not exceed 3: 1 (the ratio of the average KEO value to the smallest one within the characteristic section of the room). The orientation of the windows of classrooms should be on the southern, southeastern and eastern sides of the horizon. The windows of drawing rooms, drawing rooms, as well as the kitchen room can be oriented to the northern sides of the horizon; the orientation of the computer room is north, northeast.
2.4.1.6. The brightness ratio in the field of view should not exceed 3: 1 - between the notebook and the table surface, 10: 1 - between the notebook and the wall; 1: 3 between chalkboard and wall and 20: 1 between skylight and wall.
2.4.1.7. For painting and finishing the surfaces of the interior and equipment of classrooms and training and production workshops, diffuse-reflective materials of a light range of colors should be used: the ceiling and the upper part of the walls, doors and window frames are painted in White color, walls - in light yellow, light blue, light pink, beige, light green colors with a reflection coefficient of at least 0.6 - 0.7; tables - in light green and natural wood colors - with a reflection coefficient of at least 0.5; blackboards - in dark brown or dark green colors with a reflection coefficient of at least 0.2; floor - in light colors with a reflection coefficient of 0.4 - 0.5.
Luminaires for school corridors and utility rooms
Luminaire power 15 W, 5000 K, 1750 lm, built-in / laid on, IP30. Option - emergency block.
Lamp power 18 W, 4000 K, 2100 lm, built-in / overhead.
Lamp power 32 W, 4000 K, 2800 lm, IP40, consignment note. Option - emergency block.
2.4.2.3. In classrooms, fluorescent lighting is provided (incandescent lamps are allowed). Fluorescent lamps LB should be used, lamps LHB, LETs can be used. Do not use fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps in the same room.
For general lighting of classrooms (classrooms, classrooms, laboratories), fluorescent lamps should be used: ЛСО02-2х40, LPO28-2х40, LPO02-2x40, LPO46-4х18-005, other lamps of the type given with similar lighting characteristics and design can be used ...
2.4.2.4. In classrooms, fluorescent lamps with ballasts (PRA) with special low level noise.
2.4.2.5. The required number of lamps and their placement in the room is determined by lighting calculations, taking into account the safety factor in accordance with the requirements for natural and artificial lighting.
In classrooms, luminaires with fluorescent lamps are placed parallel to the light-carrying wall at a distance of 1.2 m from the outer wall and 1.5 m from the inner one. The blackboard is equipped with spotlights and illuminated with two LPO-30-40-122 (125) lamps located 0.3 m above the upper edge of the board and 0.6 m in front of the board towards the class.
Provide for the separate inclusion of lamps or their individual groups (taking into account the arrangement of educational and technological equipment).
2.4.2.6. Working artificial lighting in training and production workshops and at enterprises is designed two systems: general (uniform and localized) and combined (local is added to the general).
2.4.2.7. When performing works of I - IV categories in the room, a combined lighting system should be used. The illumination of the working surface created by general lighting fixtures in the combined system must be at least 10% in accordance with the requirements for natural and artificial lighting.
For general lighting in a combined system, mainly fluorescent lamps should be used, regardless of the type of light source for local lighting. For local lighting, fluorescent or incandescent lamps should be used.
2.4.2.8. Illumination levels for certain types of work performed by adolescents are presented in Appendix 1.
2.4.2.9. The choice of a light source should be made taking into account the characteristics of visual work, the level of illumination, the requirements for color discrimination in accordance with the requirements for natural and artificial lighting.
2.4.2.10. For general and local lighting industrial premises with specific environmental conditions (dusty, humid, explosive, fire hazardous, etc.), lamps are used in accordance with their purpose and lighting characteristics.
2.4.2.11. The unevenness of lighting (the ratio of maximum to minimum illumination) should not exceed 1.3 for works of I - III discharges with fluorescent lamps; with other light sources - 1.5; for works of IV - VII categories - 1.5 - 2.0, respectively. For industrial premises in which work of I - IV categories are performed, it is necessary to provide for the limitation of the reflected brilliance.
2.4.2.12. Dust cleaning of general lighting fixtures should be done at least 2 times a year; replacement of burnt out lamps - as they fail. Students are not involved in this work. Defective and burnt out fluorescent lamps are collected and stored until delivery in places inaccessible to students.
Lamp power 18 W, 4000 K, 2100 lm. It is mounted on a vertical surface using brackets.
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Lighting requirements
2.6.1. Daylight. Classrooms should have natural light. Without natural light, it is allowed to design: shell, washrooms, showers, toilets at the gymnasium; showers and restrooms for staff; storerooms and warehouses (except for rooms for storing flammable liquids), radio centers; cinema and photo laboratories; book depositories; boilers, pumping water supply and sewerage; ventilation and air conditioning chambers; control units and other premises for the installation and management of engineering and technological equipment of buildings; premises for storing disinfectants.
In classrooms, left-hand side lighting should be designed. With double-sided lighting, which is designed with a depth of classrooms more than 6 m, a right-side illumination device is required, the height of which must be at least 2.2 m from the ceiling. In this case, the direction of the main luminous flux should not be allowed in front of and behind the students.
In workshops for labor training, assembly and sports halls, bilateral lateral natural lighting and combined (top and side) lighting can also be used. In the premises of educational institutions, normalized values of the coefficient of natural illumination (KEO) are provided in accordance with the hygienic requirements for natural and artificial lighting.
In classrooms with one-sided lateral natural lighting, KEO should be 1.5% (at a distance of 1 m from the wall opposite the light openings). The unevenness of natural lighting in the premises intended for training students should not exceed 3: 1. The orientation of the windows of classrooms should be on the southern, southeastern and eastern sides of the horizon. The windows of drawing rooms, drawing rooms, as well as the kitchen room can be oriented to the northern sides of the horizon, the orientation of the computer science room is to the north, northeast.
Light openings of classrooms are equipped with: adjustable sun-protection devices such as blinds, fabric curtains of light colors, combined with the color of the walls, furniture. PVC film curtains are not used. When not in use, the curtains must be placed in the walls between the windows. For the decoration of classrooms, finishing materials and paints are used that create a matte surface with reflection coefficients: for the ceiling - 0.7 - 0.8; for walls - 0.5 - 0.6; for the floor - 0.3 - 0.5.
The following paint colors should be used:
for the walls of classrooms - light colors of yellow, beige, pink, green, blue;
for furniture (desks, tables, wardrobes) - natural wood color or light green;
for chalkboards - dark green, dark brown;
for doors, window frames - white.
To maximize the use of daylight and uniform illumination of classrooms, you should:
plant trees no closer than 15 m, shrubs no closer than 5 m from the building;
do not paint over window panes;
do not place flowers on the windowsills. They are placed in portable flower pots 65-70 cm high from the floor or hanging pots in the walls of windows;
cleaning and washing of glasses should be carried out 2 times a year (in autumn and spring).
2.6.2. Artificial lighting. In classrooms, standardized levels of illumination and indicators of the quality of illumination (indicator of discomfort and coefficient of pulsation of illumination) are provided in accordance with the hygienic requirements for natural and artificial lighting. In the classrooms, mainly fluorescent lighting is provided with the use of lamps: LB, LHB, LETs. It is allowed to use incandescent lamps (in this case, the illumination rates are reduced by 2 steps of the illumination scale). Do not use fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps in the same room. The use of new types of lamps and luminaires is coordinated with the territorial centers of the state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
In classrooms, a general lighting system should be used. Luminaires with fluorescent lamps are located parallel to the light-carrying wall at a distance of 1.2 m from the outer wall and 1.5 m from the inner one. For general lighting of classrooms and training workshops, fluorescent lamps of the following types should be used: LS002-2x40, LP028-2x40, LP0022x40, LP034-4x36, TsSP-5-2x40. Can be used and other lamps of the type given with similar lighting characteristics and design. The blackboard is equipped with soffits and is illuminated by two LPO-30-40-122 (125) mirror lamps installed parallel to it. These luminaires are placed 0.3 m above the upper edge of the board and 0.6 m towards the classroom in front of the board.
When designing an artificial lighting system for classrooms, it is necessary to provide for the separate inclusion of lamp lines. In classrooms, classrooms, laboratories, illumination levels must comply with the following standards: on desktops - 300 lux, on a blackboard - 500 lux, in technical drawing and drawing rooms - 500 lux, in computer science rooms on tables - 300-500 lux, in assembly and sports halls (on the floor) - 200 lux, in recreation (on the floor) - 150 lux. When using TCO and the need to combine the perception of information from the screen and recording in a notebook, the illumination on the students' tables should be 300 lux.
When using dia- and film projectors, the illumination on the students' tables should be 500 lux. In this case, either only one local lighting should be used, or a system of "functional" artificial lighting with a "dark corridor" in front of the screen should be created.
It is necessary to clean the lighting fixtures of the luminaires at least 2 times a year and replace burnt-out lamps in a timely manner. Students should not be involved in this work. Defective, burnt out fluorescent lamps are collected and taken out of the building of a general education institution. In order to prevent the occurrence of mass non-infectious diseases (poisoning), their storage in unsuitable premises of educational institutions is prohibited (Article 29, Clause 1 of the Federal Law "On Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population" dated March 30, 1999 N 52-FZ).
Preventive ultraviolet irradiation of children should be carried out in areas north of 57.5 degrees N. and in areas with a polluted atmosphere. For this, it is recommended to use long-term or short-term irradiation devices (photonia) in accordance with the recommendations for conducting prophylactic ultraviolet irradiation of people with the use of ultraviolet radiation sources.
Currently, the school is of great importance and occupies a colossal place in our lives and in the lives of our children. It is the school that forms most of the personal and social characteristics of the child. The child spends most of his time during the day within the walls of the school. That is why it is very important that not only the teaching is of high quality, but the very environment in the school meets the standards and contributes to the development and physical health of the younger generation.
Lighting in school premises plays an important role and has a significant effect on the physical and mental health of students and school staff. It is very important in the process of organizing the lighting of the school, to know that each lamp fulfills its function here. Each sector of the school building has its own purpose and requires an individual approach to lighting. Typically, a school building is divided into the following sectors according to its purpose:
classrooms (classrooms);
corridors;
dining room and kitchen area;
gym.
In addition, the area around the school building and emergency lighting of the school building require special attention.
Lighting of classrooms (offices)
The most important premises in the school are classrooms - classrooms in which the learning process is carried out. Correct lighting of classrooms helps to increase the mental activity of students, concentration of attention, and, as a result, improve the performance of students at school. Most often, recessed or surface-mounted fluorescent lamps or daylight lamps are used to illuminate classrooms. In the summer, it is somewhat problematic to buy lamps for the school, due to the increased demand on the eve of the new school year, so this must be taken into account in advance.
Together with natural light, fluorescent luminaires provide optimal lighting parameters as well as energy savings. The location of the luminaires in the classroom depends on many parameters: the geometry of the room, the brightness and light scattering angle of the luminaires, etc. Special attention when lighting school classes, it is necessary to pay attention to the lighting of the blackboard.
Basic requirements for blackboard lighting:
lack of blinding effect;
providing a good view of text and graphics from anywhere in the classroom;
secure connection to the network;
independence from other electrical appliances;
low noise level;
profitability.
Most often, fluorescent lamps with long tubular fluorescent lamps are used to illuminate the blackboard. Such a lamp is usually attached to the wall above the board using brackets or to the ceiling using suspensions.
LED LIGHTING IN SCHOOLS
The effectiveness of any work process, including educational, is due to a number of factors responsible for creating comfortable and favorable conditions. The organization of lighting also plays an important role among them. According to the latest data, LED lightening in schools and other educational institutions, it is not just allowed, but even recommended for use. In 2012 alone, ten new GOSTs were adopted, regulating the operation of LEDs in educational institutions, and several more government projects are under development.
What is the advantage of using LEDs in schools?
The use of LED lighting in schools simultaneously solves several fundamental issues.
First, it reduces the spending of state budget funds and funds from the personal funds of municipal educational institutions. Since LEDs have a long service life, they do not need to be maintenance, and their complete replacement is provided by the manufacturer no earlier than 10 years after installation.
Secondly, LED lamp significantly reduce energy consumption without losing the quality of lighting by more than 70%. And, as you know, the cost of electricity as a result of the use of fluorescent light sources are significant and increase even more in the conditions of short daylight hours and shifts of schoolchildren.
Thirdly, LEDs are environmentally friendly and safe. Their use does not affect the health of students, and their disposal does not require specialized measures. In addition, the durable cases of LED devices are resistant to mechanical and shock loads.
The fourth task that LED lighting successfully copes with is creating a harmless and supportive healthy atmosphere that increases the productivity of educational processes.
Consider the example of the usual secondary schools in 30 classes. Replacement
of old, ineffective luminaires for modern LED equipment to save about 440,000 rubles a year only by reducing operating costs.
And also taking into account the high energy efficiency, the annual increase in electricity tariffs - the total savings will amount to more than 1 million rubles.
How do LEDs help your learning?
According to medical research, the visual stress experienced by schoolchildren leads to rapid fatigue, decreased concentration of attention, worsen information perception, suppress the autonomic system, reduce the efficiency of students and, as a result, the effectiveness of learning. Much in this process is determined by the correct, competently equipped artificial light... Therefore, it is no coincidence that the norms of natural and artificial lighting for educational institutions are regulated by SNiP, SanPIN and GOST.
Lighting based on LEDs is characterized by uniformity, no pulsation of the luminous flux, quiet operation of devices, no glare and sufficient brightness. All this makes it easier to perceive the visual teaching material, does not cause stress on the visual centers, general fatigue and fatigue, promotes concentration of attention and, accordingly, improves the quality of assimilation of educational information. Minimal eye strain is very important in view of the fact that the percentage of students with various visual impairments is growing every year and is diagnosed even in junior schoolchildren.
LED lighting is the key to a healthy generation!
During observations, in one of the Russian schools, the department of hygienic regulation and examination of the Research Institute of Hygiene and Health Protection of Children and Adolescents of the SCCH RAMS, for schoolchildren of different age groups studying in rooms with fluorescent lamps and LED, doctors noted several interesting facts... In the spaces where LED lighting was installed, children were more collected and motivated to study. Moreover, the psychological background was also more favorable. There was less aggression towards others, the teacher, and personal failures. The students were calmer and more balanced.
Thus, the complete transition of educational institutions to LED lighting is not only justified from the point of view of economic, social and medical factors, but also provides broad prospects for the development of a full-fledged, healthy and educated generation.
In the life of every person, the school occupies great importance, since this is where the best years childhood, and there is a process of teaching children new knowledge. Since the child's body is very susceptible to new information, as well as to its environment, then for the most effective educational process at school, favorable learning conditions must be created. Lighting is especially important here.
The creation of a lighting system in any educational institution requires strict adherence to certain norms and requirements so that the level of illumination does not have an adverse effect on children, and they can calmly learn and gain new knowledge. This article today will tell you how to make the lighting in the school correct, and in all its various premises.
Features of the organization of educational institutions
Schools in our country are designed to educate children of different age groups. So in the elementary school, still very young children study, and in the middle and senior ones they are already older. Therefore, the requirements and norms for the class will differ depending on what age the children will be studying here.
School premises
Children at school spend most of the day doing a variety of activities:
- write and read;
- are engaged in fine arts and labors;
- go in for sports;
- rest during breaks;
- eat in the dining room;
- conduct laboratory classes in chemistry and physics rooms.
In order for all the manipulations described above to be efficient and safe, it is necessary to create the correct lighting not only for the classroom and the separate workplace of each child, but also for the corridors and gyms.
It is worth noting that an improperly organized level of illumination in any school room will negatively affect the psyche, health and academic performance of each student. Therefore, in order for the illumination level to be optimal, special standards and requirements have been developed. These norms and requirements are spelled out in special documentation (SanPin and SNiP).
Lighting standards for schools
These documents, especially in SanPin, describe all the norms and requirements that should be taken into account when organizing each workplace for a student, as well as the level of illumination for any educational premises.
Note! Lighting of school rooms and other premises is a significant component, if not the most important, in the correct organization of the educational process.
For this reason, it is educational institutions in SanPin and SNiP that are assigned a sufficient part. All the norms and requirements are spelled out here, which must be taken into account when organizing the lighting of the school. It is worth noting here that the requirements and norms specified in SanPin must be applied to all types of lighting (artificial and natural) and with an assessment of the characteristics of each individual room:
- a classroom and a separate workplace for a student;
- corridor;
- dining room;
- gym;
- laboratory rooms, etc.
Therefore, in each room, as the requirements and standards specified in SanPin and SNiP regarding the level of illumination say, its own types of lamps (can be LED, fluorescent, etc.) should be used, which have certain characteristics.
Natural and artificial type of school lighting
The regulatory documentation (SanPin and SNiP) contains norms and requirements for two types of lighting:
- natural;
- artificial.
At the same time, the maximum value when creating the level of illumination for a schoolchild's workplace or an entire room is given to natural illumination.
Note! Natural light is optimal for the human eye. Therefore, such a light will be the best solution for children.
Natural lighting in educational institutions is achieved through large window openings. Specific norms and requirements regarding the natural type of backlighting are given in SanPin and SNiP. Moreover, great importance is attached here to highlight the workplace of each student.
Natural lighting of the school
Natural light by itself means the light emanating from the sun in clear or cloudy weather in the evening, morning or daytime. But there are situations when natural lighting is not capable of creating the required illumination level at the optimal level. In such a situation, the regulations of the regulatory documentation prescribe the use of an artificial type of backlight.
Note! Artificial lighting is realized through various types of lighting fixtures, the illumination level of which can be adjusted. In contrast, natural light changes only indirectly, with the help of curtains and blinds.
Artificial school lighting
To create artificial lighting, there are the following requirements for its organization:
- an optimal level of illumination should be created for the workplace of any student. Such requirements apply to each school building (classroom, gym, cafeteria, corridor, etc.);
- lack of blinding and flickering effect;
- uniform distribution of the luminous flux over the area of the room;
- light should be diffused and without harsh shadows;
- be safe for children and not change the chemical properties of the air, i.e. create environmentally friendly lighting devices and light sources (for example, LED).
Consider the option of creating artificial lighting in each type of school space.
Lighting in classrooms and classrooms
The most important space in a school is classrooms or classrooms. In them, children spend most of their educational time, gaining new knowledge in a wide variety of sciences. Here, for the student, his constant is determined workplace... At the same time, for the workplace of each individual student, the norms and requirements for SanPin and SNiP are the same, which allows you to create an optimal level of illumination throughout the entire area of the illuminated room. As a result, the performance of both an individual student and the entire class as a whole increases.
Lighting class
Classrooms and classrooms must comply with the following requirements and norms:
- illuminated by warm light. Moreover, this requirement is more relevant for primary school classes;
- the location of the lighting fixtures should be chosen based on the geometry of the room, the angle of light scattering and the level of brightness;
- uniform lighting of the room;
- for lighting, you can use LED or fluorescent lighting;
- the ratio of the lowest illumination in the classes should not exceed 0.5. The minimum illumination level is 150 lux. Wherein maximum level backlighting in classrooms should be at 750 lux.
In this case, special attention should be paid here to the school board. This is due to the fact that the work of a student in the class involves his exit to the blackboard. For a comfortable stay of a student near the blackboard, the following requirements must be met here:
- complete elimination of glare;
- creation of a luminous flux that allows you to comfortably and conveniently view text and graphics from anywhere in the classroom;
- independence of lighting devices from other types of electrical appliances;
- efficiency of lamps;
- the minimum level of noise generated by lighting devices.
Lighting near the board
Often in classrooms, oblong fluorescent lamps are used as lighting fixtures. But recently, more and more popularity in this matter is gaining LED lights... But they are somewhat more expensive than luminescent ones. Therefore, the latter are not so quickly squeezed out of the lighting market.
Lighting in school corridors
Students and teachers move along the school corridors in between classes. Here the children spend their free time and have a rest. Therefore, the lighting system is just as important here as in classrooms.
School corridor lighting
To ensure maximum safety of movement in these rooms, as well as a comfortable pastime for students, you can use properly organized lighting. Here, recessed or surface mounted raster luminaires are usually used, in which fluorescent bulbs are embedded.
Note! Lighting school corridors can be equipped with special reflectors to diffuse light.
These luminaires provide optimal luminous flux with low power consumption.
Lighting for the assembly and sports hall
Gym lighting plays an important role in creating high-quality lighting in schools. Here the children are engaged physical exercise, therefore, it is important to create the safest conditions for the gym to find children during physical education.
School gym lighting
AND the main role lighting plays in it. Most of the light load in this room falls on artificial lighting, since the windows in gyms are often located under the ceiling and are protected by gratings to protect the glass from mechanical damage.
For gym lighting, fluorescent lights are used, which are located along two long walls.
Note! Gym lights are never placed on end walls. Such an arrangement of lamps can create a dazzling effect, which, when students are engaged in active games, can lead to their injury.
Lighting in the assembly hall
Sometimes, if fluorescent lamps create an insufficient level of illumination, then floodlights are used in such rooms. They are placed in the corners of gyms. The same lighting principle applies to assembly halls. But high-quality natural lighting is possible here through large window openings.
Lighting of these premises is the most difficult in terms of organization, since they have their own narrow specialization. Each hall has its own standards and requirements specified in SNiP and SanPin.
School cafeteria lighting
Another important school space is the canteen. In it, schoolchildren eat on a long break. Therefore, there is usually a crowd of children. Because of this, the luminous flux here must also meet the requirements of SNiP and SanPin in order to minimize the risk of injury to children.
Lighting in the school cafeteria
Here the lamps should act as an aesthetic interior and create comfortable environment for food. The following types of fixtures can be used in the school cafeteria:
- waybills;
- suspended;
- built-in.
Note! In the school cafeteria, preference should be given to light sources that provide a warm luminous flux.
Conclusion
The school has many different premises with certain requirements and standards applied to the level of illumination. All these difficulties are due to the fact that in classrooms, corridors, cafeterias and gyms it is necessary to create the most comfortable and convenient conditions for people to stay in them. In addition, here you need to create safe conditions for movement. All norms and requirements for school institutions are stipulated in SanPin and SNiP. They will help you organize the right lighting for any school environment.