Presentation on the topic "Development of mathematical abilities in children of senior school age." Presentation The formation of elementary mathematical abilities in preschool children Material prepared: Deputy Director for Preschool. Preview

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Development of Ralari Development of mathematical abilities in children of preschool in the lake through the game activity of Stepanov Olga Vasilyevna Educator BDOU city of Omsk "Kindergarten № 238"

Parents and teachers always worries the question of how to ensure the full development of the child in preschool age, how to properly prepare it for school. One of the indicators of the child's intellectual readiness for school learning is the level of development of mathematical and communicative abilities. Mathematics for children is the most important, in terms of memory development, and further perception of mathematical information. For more efficient introduction of mathematics into the child's consciousness, studying it should begin, of course, in children's garden. Moreover, it is not necessary to be afraid of serious geometric shapes and other things. At this age, the child's brain captures everything to the smallest detail, and if sometimes the baby does not understand everything, it is not scary, anyway, some part of the educational process is laid in memory, the brain begins to get used to new data. Gradually, after repetition, the child will easily distinguish between geometric shapes, learn to add and deduct. It is very important in this regard to have the right approach, deal with the child only in gaming form, methods of games and tips, otherwise strict classes will quickly become a boring time, and he will not want to return to it anymore. Mathematics is a powerful factor in the intellectual development of the child, the formation of its cognitive and creative abilities. Known from efficiency mathematical Development Child in preschool age depends the success of learning mathematics in primary school. Parents and teachers always worries the question of how to ensure the full development of the child in preschool age, how to properly prepare it for school. One of the indicators of the child's intellectual readiness for school learning is the level of development of mathematical and communicative abilities. Mathematics for children is the most important, in terms of memory development, and further perception of mathematical information. For more efficient introduction of mathematics into a child's consciousness, studying it should begin, of course, in kindergarten. Moreover, it is not necessary to be afraid of serious geometric shapes and other things. At this age, the child's brain captures everything to the smallest detail, and if sometimes the baby does not understand everything, it is not scary, anyway, some part of the educational process is laid in memory, the brain begins to get used to new data. Gradually, after repetition, the child will easily distinguish between geometric shapes, learn to add and deduct. It is very important in this regard to have the right approach, to deal with the child only in the game form, the method of games and tips, otherwise there are strict classes will quickly become a boring time, and he does not want to return to it anymore. Mathematics is a powerful factor in the intellectual development of the child, the formation of its cognitive and creative abilities. It is also known that the effectiveness of the child's mathematical development in the preschool in Ozrasta depends the success of learning mathematics in elementary school.

Purpose: promote development in children: high educational motivation; free, independent, active, manifesting initiatives in activities and in communication; self-esteem and ability to respect others; preparedness for life and studies in the next "social development" school; Ensure children a high level of preparation for the subsequent assimilation of the systematic course of mathematics; Support a system of continuous education task: to form the motivation of the teachings oriented to the satisfaction of cognitive interests, the joy of creativity; an increase in the amount of attention and memory; formation of mental operations (analysis, synthesis, analogies); Development of figurative and variable thinking, fantasy, imagination, creative abilities.

For guys preschool age Games have exceptional meaning: game for them - study, game for them - study, game for them - work, the game for them is a serious form of education. The game for preschoolers is a way to know the surrounding. Playing, it studies colors, shape, properties of material, spatial relationship ... studies plants, animals. " For the guys of preschool age, the game is of exceptional meaning: a game for them - study, a game for them - study, the game for them is a work, a game for them is a serious form of education. The game for preschoolers is a way to know the surrounding. Playing, it studies colors, shape, properties of material, spatial relationship ... Learn plants, animals. Guiding the game, organizing the life of children in the game The teacher affects all parties to the development of the child's personality to feel, in the will. And on behavior in general. In the game, the child acquires new knowledge, skills, skills. Games contributing to the development of perception, attention, memory, thinking, the development of creative abilities, are aimed at mental development of preschoolers in general.

Games with numbers and numbers It is very important that the child learned to compare numbers, secured the sequence of numbers in a natural row

Games Traveling in time All measures of time (minute, hour, day, week, month, year) represent a certain system of temporary standards where each measure is consistent from the units of the previous one and serves as the basis for constructing the subsequent. Therefore, familiarity of children with time measurement units should be carried out in a strict system and sequence

Games for orientation in space Spatial representations of children are constantly expanding and fixed. In the course of all types of activity, children are seized with spatial representations: on the left, right, at the top, below, ahead, far, close.

Games with geometric shapes The use of intelligent games with geometric f iguchi contributes to consolidation in children's memory, attention, thinking

Games for logical thinking in preschool age in children begin to form elements of logical thinking, i.e. The ability to reason, make their conclusions

"You need to play with a child, to play interested, enthusiastically, and then we will be the reward of their last-minute g of Laza and the desire to play more and more" Peterson L.G.

Slide 2.

Subject:

"Development of mathematical abilities in children of senior preschool age

Slide 3.

Middle Goals

1. Long motivate students than to force them to learning activities 2. Create more attention to the process of mental activity during the solution of the problem, and not on the right result 3. It is aware of the joint activities of students. 4. Acting students to realize that each of them may be useful source of information

Slide 4.

Far Obel

1. Creating conditions for manifestation, implementation and development of intellectual, creative and physical abilities, socialization and 2. Skills healthy image Life pupils.

Slide 5.

Pedagogical goals and tasks

The development of the personality by the Interiorization of the cultural and historical experience of society the ability to interact with others, adequately evaluate itself and perceive others as they are. To form a positive self-esteem, stimulating the student to improve its behavior. Develop the quality of personality creating conditions for conscious active activities.

Slide 6.

Difficulties and solutions

Difficulties: Teachers know that even the goals based on a thorough study are not always easy to implement environmental factors, such as furniture locations and other items in the class, can be changed, while others, for example, the size of the cabinet, change is impossible and have to be content The fact that there are solutions: preparing in advance of the possible issues of administrators, colleagues, parents and students about new methods, the teacher can be more convincing and successful

The development of the intellect of preschoolers through mathematical activities The development of intelligence is a targeted and organized process of transferring and learning knowledge, techniques and methods of mental activity. The main goal is not only preparation for the successful mastering of mathematics at school, but also the comprehensive development of children. The main tasks for the development of intelligence are: 1. Formation of methods of mental operations of preschoolers 2. Development in children of variable thinking, the ability to argue their statements, build the simplest conclusion. 3. The development of the ability of children to purposefully own the volitional efforts, to establish the right relationship with peers and adults, to see themselves through the eyes of others.

Sectors, stencils, patterns; - natural and leaving material; - wallpaper - 2 - 3 sets of split pictures of 2 - 4, 6 - 8 parts; - Easy plastic designers - large mosaics - games - liners - polyfunctional panels by themes; - Games for familiarization with color, shape, magnitude.

Mathematical environment in the group: senior age - cards with heuristic tasks; - Sets in 3 dimensions: geometric shapes, geometric bodies; - templates, stencils, geometric shutters and signs; - models, layouts, mpm cards; - selections of non-traditional tasks and questions; - crosswords, puzzles, - graphite and plastic boards; - notebooks with tasks; - sets of pencils, markers, ballpoints; - wands, matches without sulfur; - sets of numbers - sets from natural and sound material For practical and mathematical activities (threads, cords, buttons, ribbons, etc.) - Game didactic material.

1.Mathematical, educational, logical games - Great to plane modeling ("Tangram", "Lisk", etc.) - Games for bulk modeling ("Corners", "Cubes and Color", etc.) - Games - Movement (construction and rebuilding with counting sticks, matches) - educational games ("checkers", "chess", "Domino", etc.) - Games logical - mathematical (blocks, sticks, excobovich, bike games). 2. Clear -Surience - Jokes - Jokes - Ribes -Krossvords - Glooring -Supports - Jokes 3.Dactical Games, Exercises - With a visual material - verbal

Kyuizher's sticks Each wand is a number expressed by color and size .. The use of "numbers in color" allows you to simultaneously develop an idea of \u200b\u200bthe number based on the account and measurement. The kit consists of 116 plastic prisms of 10 different colors and shapes. The smallest prism has a length of 10 mm and is a cube. Color selection Pursues the goal to facilitate the use of the kit. The class of white numbers forms the number one. 2,4,8 wands form a "red family", (2 - pink, 4- red, 8- cherry color), 3,6,9 - "blue family" (blue - 3, purple - 6, blue - 9. ) "Family of Yellow" is the numbers of multiple 5: 5- (yellow) and 10 (orange). Class of black numbers forms a number 7.

Logic blocks of Dieensha Logic blocks came up with Hungarian mathematician and psychologist Zoltov Dienes. Games with blocks are available on a visual basis, children with form, color, size and thickness of objects, with mathematical ideas and initial knowledge of computer science. In children, mental operations (analysis, comparison, classification, generalization), logical thinking, creativity and cognitive dienesh blocks are a set of 48 geometric shapes: a) four forms (circles, triangles, squares, rectangles); b) three colors (red, blue and yellow); c) two sizes (large and small); d) two types of thickness (thick and thin). There is no same shape in the set. Each geometric figure is characterized by four signs: shape, color, size, thick.

Games - puzzles. Tangram is one of the first ancient puzzle games. The birthplace of the emergence is China, age for more than a year. The puzzle is a square cut into 7 parts: 2 large triangles, one medium, 2 small triangles, square and parallelogram. The essence of the game is to collect all kinds of figures from these elements on the principle of mosaic. In total, there are more different combinations. The most common of them are figures of animals and humans. The game contributes to the development of figurative thinking, imagination, combinatorial abilities, as well as the skills visually divide the integer on the part.

Sphinx The composition of a relatively simple puzzle "Sphinx" includes seven simple geometric shapes: four triangles and three quadrangles with different aspect ratio. The game develops the perception of the form, the ability to highlight the figure out of the background, the allocation of the main signs of the object, the eye meter, imagination (reproductive and creative), visual and engine coordination, visual analysis and synthesis, the ability to work according to the rules.

The leaf is a geometric figure of a complex configuration, resembling a schematic image of a human heart or a wood sheet, divided into 9 elements. Especially good from the elements of this puzzle are silhouettes different species transport. The resulting images resemble children's drawings (dogs, birds, little men). Constructing simple figurative figures, children learn to perceive the shape, the ability to allocate, figure out of the background, the allocation of the main signs of the object. The puzzle develops the eye meter, analytical synthetic functions, imagination (reproductive and creative), visually motor coordination, the ability to work according to the rules.

Pentamino patented puzzle Pentomino Solomon Golomb, a resident of Baltimore, Mathematics and Engineer, Professor of the University of South California. The game consists of flat figures, each of which consists of five identical squares connected by the parties, hence the name. There are also the version of tetramino puzzles, consisting of four squares, from this game and there was a famous tetris. The game set Pentamino consists of 12 figures. Each figure is indicated by the Latin letter, the shape of which it reminds.

Nikitin, Games and Classes System A very interesting system of educational games was created by the famous Russian teachers - innovatives Boris Pavlovich () and Lena Alekseyevna (R.1930) Nikitin. Each game is a set of tasks that the child solves with the help of cubes, bricks, squares from cardboard or plastic, parts from the mechanic designer, etc. The tasks are given to a child in various shape: in the form of a model, a flat pattern in isometric, drawing, written or Oral instructions, etc., and thus introduce it with different ways to transfer information. The tasks are located approximately in order of increasing complexity, i.e., the principle was used folk games: From simple to complex. The tasks have a very wide range of difficulties: from the sometimes available 2-3-year-old kid to the unbearable Middle adult. Therefore, games can excite interest for many years (to adulthood). Some of the Nikita games are very similar to the blocks of fuses.

Developing games of nikitins. Mouch the pattern of the game consists of 16 identical cubes. All 6 faces of each cube are painted differently, in 4 colors. This allows you to form 1, 2, 3- and even 4-color patterns in the huge number of options. In the game with cubes, children perform three different types Tasks. First, they learn from the settings of the tasks to fold the exact same pattern of cubes. Then they put an inverse task: looking into cubes, make the pattern of the pattern that they form. Finally, the third is to independently invent new patterns of 9 or 16 cubes. Unicubus A wide range of "Unicubes" tasks may pass children from 2 to 15 years. The first impression is that there are no equally painted cubes, all 27 are different, although only three colors are used, and the edges of the cube 6 are used. Then it turns out that, except for the only one, there are 8 triads, by the number of edges of each color, but are they Mutual location? The game teaches clarity, care, accuracy, accuracy.

Vaobobovich technique. The first skill games appeared in the early 90s. "GEOKONT", "Game Square" (now it is "Squadratos Vaobovich"), "worst", "Color Watch" immediately attracted attention. Every year there were more and more - "transparent square", "transparent digit", "Domino", "Planet Multiplication", "Miracle Puzzle" series, "Mathematical baskets". The first methodical fairy tales appeared. Excobovich technology is just the path of the practice to theory. With the help of one game, you can solve a large number of educational tasks. Nonsense for myself the kid is mastering the numbers and letters; learns and remembers the color, shape; trains fine motility of hands; Improves, thinking, attention, memory, imagination. As practice has shown, the games fit perfectly into the programs educational institutions, for example, "childhood", "development", "Rainbow".

Methods of Montessori She created a pedagogical system that is as close as possible to the ideal situation when the child is learned himself. The system consists of three parts: a child, environment, teacher. In the center of the entire system is a child. A special environment is created around it, in which he lives and learn independently. In this environment, the child improves its physical condition, forms motor and sensory skills corresponding to age, acquires life experience, learn to organize and compare different items and phenomena, acquires knowledge on their own experience. The teacher also watches the child and helps him when it is required. The basis of the pedagogy Montessori, her motto - "Help me to do it yourself." Such specially created educational benefits as "frames with fasteners" "brown staircase", "Pink Tower" contribute to the development of coordination of movements, shallow and common motility at the kid. Other games can train equilibrium ("walking on line"), develop the aesthetic taste What do Montessori benefits develop? ("Care of flowers"), Eyemer ("Red Rods", "Cylinder Blocks).

One of the most meaningful species Adventure activities are a game. Moreover, the child begins not only to take part in actions, but also obey certain algorithms, rules, etc. This allows you to complicate the conditions with time, adding new and new practical tasks.

Figure learning in a game form can be started from 2-3 years

Learning mathematics in the game

Developing games held by the parent to develop the cognitive activity of the child, allow him to learn new knowledge in a simple and unobtrusive form, to acquire the skills you need. They greatly develop fantasy and imagination, help the child to memorize and successfully apply in practice the form of behavior. Thus, the mental development of the child goes to a qualitatively new level.

The game for a child of preschool age (especially when it comes to educational games) is not just entertainment. This is labor and creative activity At the same time. Its role in the formation of a child as an emerging personality cannot be overestimated. Directing and organizing the game, the parent can also include it in the pedagogical process, controlling all aspects of the social development of the child. A properly organized game is distinguished by the fact that it always has a specific goal, as well as the funds necessary for its achievement.

In particular, this is manifested in didactic gamesah, which among other things, have the goal of the development of basic cognitive processes of the child: attention, memory, the overall reserve of ideas about the world around. And despite the fact that the educational value of the didactic game is extremely small, it is indispensable for the prevention of socio-pedagogical neglection, preparing a child to school, etc.

The development of mathematical ideas should be implemented strictly phased. It is necessary to move to the study of a new material only after the material learned earlier finally fixed. In addition, the development of mathematical abilities and skills in children of preschool age should obey the rigorous principle of naturalness (each age its load).

Principles of organization of gaming activities for preschoolers

1. The game for a preschooler should be based on the generally accepted norms of morality and morality, respectful attitude towards the identity of the child.
2. Gaming actions in no way should in any way determine the dignity of the participants (including the losers).
3. The didactic game should help the child as deeply comprehend the surrounding world, absorbing the patterns that he obeys.

In particular, the purpose of the didactic games can be the development of mathematical abilities in children of preschool age. Through game activities to make it much easier.

How to use didactic games for learning a child.

Modern pedagogy develops rapid pace. And more and more schools begins to use educational technologies in the process of learning using computer equipment, gain experimental classes. And the same can be boldly to say about family upbringing.

Early attachment of the child to high technologies is no coincidence: computer and information literacy is the requirement of modern rhythm of life. That is why in the preschool period it is necessary to pay maximum attention to the formation of mathematical representations and informatics basics. All these skills will definitely be useful to a child in school.

What should a child know by the time of arrival in the first class?

Despite the fact that mathematics is one of the basic school subjects, as well as the basis of many sciences that the child will begin to study in the future, it is this discipline in many cases that cause considerable difficulties in children. This is largely due to the fact that the mathematical warehouse of the mind that significantly facilitating the perception by the child information of this type is inherent in not all children.

Nevertheless, there is a strictly defined system of knowledge and mathematical ideas that should be formed by the time of the child's receipt to school.

1. The ability to count from zero to ten both in direct and decreasing order
2. The developed skill of the recognition of numbers in a row (even if they are placed by the groove)
3. Formed ideas about quantitative and ordinal numeral
4. Formed ideas about the "previous" and "subsequent" number within a dozen
5. Knowledge of basic geometric shapes and skill of their recognition (understanding of signs that distinguish triangles, circle, square, etc.)
6. Availability on the whole and shares; The ability to divide the object to 2 and 4 equal parts.
7. Ability to use sticks, ropes and some other measuring devices to evaluate such parameters of the shape as the length, width and height
8. The ability to compare items by category "more or less", "above-below", "wider - already".

Does the preschooler need informatics?

Despite the fact that today, the informatics is an optional discipline that is not included in the category of obligatory subjects, some ideas about computer science should be formed in a child by this time. For example:

• Knowledge of algorithms.
• Initial idea of \u200b\u200bcomputing machines.
• Understanding what the program used to manage the calculation.
• The basic skill of using algorithms and logical operations using the commands "and", "or", "not".

Fundamentals of mathematical ideas in preschool age

The assimilation of mathematical knowledge is impossible without understanding the child of such basics of science as the amount, number, etc. However, given the fact that for a child they remain abstract for a long time, understanding even the simplest, at first glance categories, it can be significantly difficult.

In these cases, it is possible to develop mathematical abilities in preschool children through gaming activities.

Simple didactic games give the child the opportunity to understand what is "figure" and "number" form adequate space-temporal views. In order for the games to have the maximum effect, it is necessary to build them based on the following patterns.

For effective assimilation by the child skills purchased during the Games, it is necessary that visual material applied in class: bright pictures, toys, cubes, etc. This is explained by the fact that the arbitrary attention of preschoolers is still not well developed. And to activate it, it is necessary that the subject is distinguished by such qualities as brightness, novelty and contrast. In addition, your favorite toys used in the process of classes will make them even more interesting and more exciting.

For example, if a child is experiencing some difficulties with the account, you can put several geometric figures in front of it, painted in different colors And consistently claims objects in each of them. In order for the child to be tied to concrete things and could endure the knowledge gained on various items, it is very desirable to use new toys in the learning process, complementing the available reserve new ones.

In everyday life you also need to encourage the child to call the number of items on the table, the number of cars in the yard, children on the playground, etc.

After the child learn to count, parents will be able to significantly expand the supply of its domestic knowledge, explaining the appointment of certain items. For example, thanks to the account skills, the child will not be difficult to explain why a person needs a clock or a thermometer. And subsequently - to understand by the clock, at any time, calling the time or measure the temperature.

An indispensable means for the formation of a child of mathematical ideas also plays a fairy tale. It is possible to use elements of classes in unobtrusive form, including them in the process: for example, reading a fairy tale, you can ask the child about how many actors he counted in it; How many animals, birds, trees are depicted in the picture of the illustrated book. It is also useful to offer the child to compare characters, indicating their similarities and differences; denoting who they are more than them or less, above or lower, etc. Operations with numerals can be carried out within the first dozen.

A significant role in the formation of the skills of addition and subtraction in the future will play the ability of a child to divide a whole subject in part.

In order for the child to effectively assimilate an idea of \u200b\u200bthe number, as well as the "previous" and "subsequent" number, you can play with him in for example, inviting him to guess the number concluded in certain limits and giving it a prompt with the words "more" or "less." This will allow the child to be better oriented in numbers and make up in the mind of holistic numeric rows.

A considerable contribution to the development of mathematical representations of the child is also able to make ordinary countable sticks.

Here are just some examples of didactic games using these items:

1. To decompose the counting sticks in front of the child and offer him first choose any two, and then distribute them to two sides. After that, the child must say how many sticks are on each side.
2. Over time, the conditions of the game can be complicated a little, offering the child to divide four sticks into two parts. And then - to offer more ways to divide four sticks into two groups. Subsequently, the number of sticks can already be brought to 10. Increasing the number of sticks will give a child greater space for imagination, offering all new and new ways of divisions.
3. From sticks, you can make the simplest geometric forms, thereby explaining the child what is a "triangle", "rectangle", "square". After the child has an idea of \u200b\u200bangles, you can explain the differences between the figures in more detail. And also to offer him to independently fold them out of sticks.
4. Over time, classes on the formation of the simplest geometric representations can be complicated by offering the child to be folded, for example, a rectangle with a side of 3 or 4 sticks. Or make up different figures from the same chopsticks.
5. It is also useful to offer the child a fixed number of sticks from which he could collect two figures or shapes having one common side.
6. Counting sticks are also excellent for the preparation of the simplest digits and letters. The use of this method is also well preparing a child to work with a rated surface of the notebook.

Preparation of your hand to the letter. Work with tetraja

Before you start learning the child, writing numbers, it is necessary to carry out substantial preliminary training with it. In particular, he must clearly understand what a cell of the notebook is, which is its borders, find corners, middle and side.

After the child begins to freely navigate on a rated surface, it will be possible to move to drawing the simplest ornaments, for example, connecting the opposite angles of the cell or the points that are in the middle.

No matter how strong there was no desire for a parent as soon as possible to teach a child to writing a letter and prepare his hand to writing the number, it is very desirable that in order for one occupation, he learned no more than one or two patterns. The benefits of such classes are not only that the child is preparing for writing more complex elements, but also greatly develops fine motility.

Logic games in preschool age

The development of mathematical abilities in children of preschool age through gaming activity is impossible without using logical games. Among other things, logic games stimulate the child to search for non-standard and unusual solutions, develop creative thinking in it, keep in it the desire to continue learning.

Entertaining valuable in that they unobtrusively lead a child to the conclusion that it is necessary to concentrate, concentration to fulfill an interesting task for him. This makes it possible not only to develop thinking, but also grinding arbitrary attention. It will give the child the opportunity to perceive the conditions of the task, search for possible tricks in it. Thus, the development of mathematical abilities of children of preschool age through gaming activity is carried out as unobtrusive as possible and correctly.

You need to read the tasks out loud, slowly and clearly so that the child can draw conclusions from each sentence and correctly understand it. Very undesirable to give a child too many explanations: he must assimilate his own thoughts. This will significantly strengthen the joy of opening.

An indispensable role in the process of developing logic will also play simple and familiar riddles since childhood: this will give the child the opportunity to learn how to allocate key signs of items and recognize them on them.

Games for learning the basics of informatics

Despite the fact that the informatics is still not a subject that is mandatory for studying in the younger school age, the study of its foundations largely contributes to the development of forms of abstract thinking. And also helps assimilate such actions as a classification of objects on certain features, ranking, allocating the main and secondary. The child begins to learn to assimilate the established rules and stick to them strictly.

For mastering elementary ideas about computer science, you can use board games that are sold today in all children's stores.

The meaning of most desktop games for children is simple enough: with the help of chips and cubes, the child moves through the playing field. Due to this, there is a formation of space-time relations, the ability to follow the specified instructions, to carry out consistent actions. The child absorbs the simplest conditions and algorithms. It is desirable that board games will be complemented by an interesting story for a child, thoughtful design and interesting graphics.

Conclusion

Despite the fact that not every child has a mathematical warehouse of the mind and the study of science can represent difficulties for him even at the initial stages, special exercises conducted in a game form can significantly relieve it. And at the same time - turn it into an interesting and exciting game.

Classes held in a games form, allow the child to teach themselves to controlled activities, instilling his interest in learning. Also, mathematical games have a beneficial effect on the development of memory, thinking, speech, as well as creative abilities. And then help to assimilate and more complex categories, such as numbers, numbers, account, etc. The child is preparing a hand to the letter, learn to navigate in space.