FEDERAL SERVICE FOR SUPERVISION IN THE FIELD OF PROTECTION
CONSUMER RIGHTS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING
CHIEF STATE SANITARY DOCTOR
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
RESOLUTION
ABOUT APPROVAL OF SANPIN 2.1.2.2645-10
In accordance with Federal law dated March 30, 1999 N 52-FZ "On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population" (Collection of legislation Russian Federation, 1999, N 14, art. 1650; 2002, N 1 (part I), art. 2; 2003, N 2, art. 167; N 27 (part I), art. 2700; 2004, N 35, art. 3607; 2005, N 19, art. 1752; 2006, N 1, art. 10; N 52 (part I), art. 5498; 2007, N 1 (part I), art. 21; N 1 (part I), art. 29; N 27, art. 3213; N 46, art. 5554; N 49, art. 6070; 2008, N 24, art. 2801; N 29 (part I), art. 3418; N 30 (part II), art. 3616; N 44, Art. 4984; N 52 (part I), art. 6223; 2009, N 1, art. 17) and Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 24, 2000 N 554 “On approval of the Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on State Sanitary and Epidemiological Standardization” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, N 31, Art. 3295; 2004 , N 8, Art. 663; N 47, Art. 4666; 2005, N 39, Art. 3953) I decide:
1. Approve sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises” (appendix).
2. Put into effect the specified sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations from August 15, 2010.
G.G.ONISCHENKO
Application
Approved
By resolution of the Chief
state
sanitary doctor
Russian Federation
dated 10.06.2010 N 64
SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS
CONDITIONS OF RESIDENCE IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS AND PREMISES
Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations
SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10
I. General provisions and scope
1.2. These sanitary rules establish mandatory sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises, which must be observed when placing, designing, reconstructing, constructing and operating residential buildings and premises intended for permanent residence.
1.3. The requirements of these sanitary rules do not apply to living conditions in buildings and premises of hotels, hostels, specialized homes for the disabled, orphanages, rotation camps.
1.4 Sanitary rules are intended for citizens individual entrepreneurs And legal entities, whose activities are related to the design, construction, reconstruction and operation of residential buildings and premises, as well as for bodies authorized to carry out state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
1.5. Monitoring compliance with the requirements of these sanitary rules is carried out by bodies authorized to carry out state sanitary and epidemiological supervision in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
II. Hygienic requirements for the site and territory of residential
buildings when placing them
2.1. Residential buildings must be located in a residential area in accordance with the general plan of the territory, the functional zoning of the territory of the city, town and other populated areas.
2.2. The area allocated for residential buildings must:
Be located outside the territory of industrial-municipal, sanitary-protection zones of enterprises, structures and other objects, the first zone of the sanitary protection zone of water supply sources and drinking water pipelines;
Meet the requirements for the content of chemical and biological substances potentially hazardous to humans, biological and microbiological organisms in the soil, air quality, level ionizing radiation, physical factors (noise, infrasound, vibration, electromagnetic fields) in accordance with the sanitary legislation of the Russian Federation.
2.3. Allotted for the construction of a residential building land plot should provide for the possibility of organizing a local area with clear functional zoning and placement of recreation areas, playgrounds, sports areas, utility areas, guest parking for vehicles, and green spaces.
2.4. When landscaping the local area of residential buildings, it is necessary to take into account that the distance from the walls of residential buildings to the axis of tree trunks with a crown with a diameter of up to 5 m should be at least 5 m. For larger trees, the distance should be more than 5 m, for shrubs - 1.5 m The height of the bushes should not exceed the lower edge of the window opening of the premises on the first floor.
2.5. There should be no transit traffic on the internal driveways of the local area. Access to waste disposal sites must be provided for special vehicles.
2.6. Distances between residential, residential and public, and industrial buildings should be taken in accordance with the hygienic requirements for insolation and sun protection of residential and public buildings and territories.
2.7. When placing residential buildings, it is planned to provide them with utility networks (electric lighting, drinking and hot water supply, heating and ventilation, and in gasified areas - gas supply).
2.8. On land plots, entrances and passages to each building must be provided. Places for parking or garages for cars must comply with the hygienic requirements for sanitary protection zones and the sanitary classification of enterprises, buildings and other objects.
In local areas, it is prohibited to wash cars, drain fuel and oils, or adjust sound signals, brakes and engines.
2.9. Areas in front of house entrances, driveways and pedestrian paths must have hard surfaces. When installing hard surfaces, the possibility of free drainage of melt and storm water must be provided.
2.10. It is prohibited to place any commercial or commercial enterprises in the courtyards of residential buildings. Catering, including tents, kiosks, stalls, mini-markets, pavilions, summer cafes, production facilities, small repair enterprises for cars, household appliances, shoes, as well as parking lots of public organizations.
2.11. Cleaning of the territory should be carried out daily, including in the warm season - watering the territory, winter time- anti-icing measures (removal, sprinkling with sand, anti-icing reagents, etc.).
2.12. The courtyard areas of residential buildings should be illuminated in the evening. Illumination standards are given in Appendix 1 to these sanitary rules.
III. Hygienic requirements for residential premises and premises public purpose located in residential buildings
3.1. Placing residential premises in apartments on the ground and basement floors is not permitted.
3.2. In residential buildings, it is allowed to place public premises, engineering equipment and communications, subject to compliance with hygienic standards for noise, infrasound, vibration, electromagnetic fields.
In the basement and ground floors of such residential buildings, it is allowed to install built-in and built-in-attached parking lots for cars and motorcycles, provided that the ceilings are air-tight and equipped with a device for removing exhaust gases from vehicles.
3.3. Public premises built into residential buildings must have entrances isolated from the residential part of the building.
3.4. The placement of industrial production in residential premises is not allowed.
3.5. When placing parking garages under residential buildings, it is necessary to separate them from the residential part of the building by a non-residential floor. Placing premises for working with children and premises for medical and preventive purposes above garages is not permitted.
3.6. In residential buildings of any number of floors, a storage room for storing cleaning equipment, equipped with a sink, should be provided on the ground, ground or basement floors. It is allowed to install storage rooms with an area of at least 3 m 2/person for residents of the house: household, for storing vegetables, as well as for solid fuel. In this case, the exit from the floor where the storage rooms are located must be isolated from the residential part. Laying sewer networks in utility storerooms is prohibited.
3.7. Public premises built into residential buildings must have entrances isolated from the residential part of the building, while parking areas for personnel vehicles must be located outside the local area.
Loading materials and products for public premises from the courtyard of a residential building, where windows and entrances to apartments are located, is not allowed. Loading should be done: from the ends of residential buildings that do not have windows; from underground tunnels or closed landing stages; from the highways.
Loading rooms may not be installed if the built-in area is public premises up to 150 m2.
3.8. The following is not allowed in apartments:
The location of bathrooms and toilets directly above the living rooms and kitchens, with the exception of two-level apartments, in which it is allowed to place a toilet and a bath (or shower) directly above the kitchen;
Fastening of devices and pipelines sanitary facilities directly to the enclosing structures of the living room, inter-apartment walls and partitions, as well as to their extensions outside the living rooms.
3.9. It is not allowed to arrange an entrance to a room equipped with a toilet directly from the kitchen and living rooms, with the exception of the entrance from the bedroom to the combined bathroom, provided that there is a second room in the apartment, equipped with a toilet, with an entrance to it from the corridor or hall.
3.10. Residential buildings with a height of more than five floors must be equipped with elevators (freight and passenger). When equipping a house with elevators, the dimensions of one of the cabins must ensure the possibility of transporting a person on a stretcher or wheelchair.
3.11. It is not allowed to place an engine room and elevator shafts, a garbage collection chamber, a garbage chute shaft and a device for cleaning and washing it, or an electrical panel room above or below living rooms, as well as adjacent to them.
IV. Hygienic requirements for heating, ventilation, microclimate and air environment premises
4.1. Heating and ventilation systems must ensure acceptable microclimate and indoor air conditions. Acceptable microclimate parameters in residential buildings are given in Appendix 2 to these sanitary rules.
4.2. Heating systems must ensure uniform heating of indoor air throughout the entire heating period, not create odors, and not pollute indoor air. harmful substances emitted during operation, do not create additional noise, and must be accessible for routine repairs and maintenance.
4.3. The difference between the air temperature of the premises and the temperature of the wall surfaces should not exceed 3 C; the difference between the air temperature of the premises and the floor should not exceed 2 C.
4.4. Heating devices must be easily accessible for cleaning. For water heating, the surface temperature of heating devices should not exceed 90 C. For devices with a heating surface temperature of more than 75 C, protective guards must be provided.
4.5. The premises of the first floors of residential buildings located in climatic region I must have heating systems for uniform heating of the floor surface.
4.6. The installation of autonomous boiler houses for heat supply to residential buildings is permitted subject to compliance with hygienic requirements for the quality of atmospheric air in populated areas, hygienic standards for noise and vibration.
4.7. Natural ventilation residential premises should be carried out by air flow through vents, transoms, or through special openings in window sashes and ventilation ducts. Duct exhaust openings should be provided in kitchens, bathrooms, toilets and drying cabinets.
The design of the ventilation system must prevent the flow of air from one apartment to another.
Association is not allowed ventilation ducts kitchens and sanitary facilities with living rooms.
4.8. Ventilation of objects located in residential buildings must be autonomous. It is allowed to connect to the general exhaust system of a residential building the exhaust ventilation of public premises that do not have harmful emissions.
4.9. Exhaust ventilation shafts must protrude above the ridge of the roof or flat roof to a height of at least 1 m.
4.10. The concentration of chemicals in the air of residential premises when buildings are put into operation should not exceed the average daily maximum permissible concentrations (hereinafter - MACs) of pollutants established for the atmospheric air of populated areas, and in the absence of average daily MACs, not exceed the maximum one-time MACs or estimated safe exposure levels ( hereinafter referred to as OBUV).
V. Hygienic requirements for natural and artificial lighting and insolation
5.1. Living rooms and kitchens of residential buildings must have daylight through light openings in the external building envelope.
5.2. The coefficient of natural illumination (hereinafter - KEO) in living rooms and kitchens must be at least 0.5%.
5.3. With one-sided side lighting in residential buildings, the standard value of KEO must be ensured at the design point located at the intersection of the vertical plane of the characteristic section of the room and the floor plane at a distance of 1 m from the wall farthest from the light openings: in one room - for one-, two- and three room apartments, and in two rooms for four- and five-room apartments. In the remaining rooms of multi-room apartments and in the kitchen, the standard value of KEO for side lighting should be ensured at the design point located in the center of the room on the floor plane.
5.4. All premises of residential buildings must be provided with general and local artificial lighting.
5.5. Illumination on landings, staircases, elevator lobbies, floor corridors, lobbies, basements and attics should be at least 20 lux on the floor.
5.6. Above each main entrance to a residential building, lamps must be installed that provide illumination at the entrance site of at least 6 lux for a horizontal surface and at least 10 lux for a vertical surface at a height of 2.0 m from the floor. Lighting of the pedestrian path at the entrance to the building should also be provided.
5.7. Residential premises and adjacent areas must be provided with insolation in accordance with the hygienic requirements for insolation and sun protection of premises of residential and public buildings.
5.8. The normalized duration of continuous insolation for premises of residential buildings is established for certain calendar periods differentiated depending on the type of apartments, functional purpose premises, planning zones city and geographic latitude:
For the central zone (58° N - 48° N) - at least 2.0 hours per day from March 22 to September 22;
5.9. The standard duration of insolation must be ensured in at least one room of 1 - 3-room apartments and in at least two rooms of 4 or more room apartments.
5.10. Intermittent duration of insolation is allowed, in which one of the periods must be at least 1 hour. In this case, the total duration of normalized insolation should increase by 0.5 hours, respectively, for each zone.
5.12. For residential buildings located in the northern and central zones, it is allowed to reduce the duration of insolation by 0.5 hours in the following cases:
In two-room and three-room apartments, where at least two rooms are insulated;
In four and multi-room apartments, where at least three rooms are insulated;
When reconstructing residential buildings located in the central and historical zones of cities, defined by them master plans development.
5.13. On children's playgrounds and sports grounds located in the local area, the duration of insolation should be at least 3 hours on 50% of the sites, regardless of geographic latitude.
VI. Hygienic requirements for levels of noise, vibration, ultrasound and infrasound, electric and electromagnetic fields and ionizing radiation in residential buildings
6.1. Acceptable levels noise
6.1.1. Permissible noise levels, as well as requirements for their measurement in residential premises, must comply with hygienic requirements for noise levels in workplaces, in residential and public buildings and in residential areas.
6.1.2. Permissible sound pressure levels in octave frequency bands, equivalent and maximum sound levels of penetrating noise into residential buildings should be taken in accordance with Appendix 3 to these sanitary rules.
6.1.3. Permissible noise levels generated in building premises by ventilation systems and other engineering and technological equipment installed for the life support of the building should be taken 5 dBA lower (adjustment minus (-) 5 dBA) specified in Appendix 3 to these sanitary rules.
Note. The numbering of subparagraphs is given in accordance with the official text of the document.
____________________________________________________________________________
6.1.5. For residential buildings with windows facing highways, when the noise level is above the maximum permissible level, it is necessary to provide noise protection measures.
6.1.6. Noise levels during the operation of engineering and technological equipment installed in public premises (commercial, refrigeration equipment, sound-reproducing equipment) should not exceed the maximum permissible noise and vibration levels established for residential premises.
6.2. Permissible vibration levels
6.2.1. Permissible vibration levels, as well as requirements for their measurement in residential premises, must meet the hygienic requirements for levels of industrial vibration, vibration in residential and public buildings.
6.2.2. When measuring non-constant vibrations (the levels of vibration velocity and vibration acceleration for which, when measured by the device on the “Slow” and “Lin” characteristics or correction “K” over a 10-minute period, change by more than 6 dB), the equivalent corrected values of vibration velocity, vibration acceleration or their logarithmic levels. In this case, the maximum values of the measured vibration levels should not exceed the permissible values by more than 10 dB.
6.2.3. In the premises of residential buildings, vibration levels from internal and external sources should not exceed the values specified in Appendix 4 to these sanitary rules.
6.2.4. During the daytime, indoor vibration levels are allowed to exceed 5 dB.
6.2.5. For non-constant vibration, a correction of minus (-) 10 dB is introduced to the permissible levels given in the table, and the absolute values of vibration velocity and vibration acceleration are multiplied by 0.32.
6.3. Permissible levels of ultrasound and infrasound
6.3.1. Permissible levels of ultrasound, as well as the requirements for their measurement in residential premises, are regulated by the current hygienic requirements when working with sources of airborne and contact ultrasound for industrial, medical and domestic purposes.
6.3.2. Acceptable levels of constant infrasound are sound pressure levels in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies of 2, 4, 8, 16 Hz.
6.3.3. Permissible infrasound levels for residential buildings and in residential areas are given in Appendix 5 to these sanitary rules.
6.4. Acceptable levels of electromagnetic radiation
6.4.1. Permissible levels of electromagnetic radiation in the radio frequency range (30 kHz - 300 GHz)
6.4.1.1. The intensity of electromagnetic radiation in the radio frequency range (hereinafter referred to as RF EMR) in residential premises, including balconies and loggias (including intermittent and secondary radiation) from stationary transmitting radio engineering objects should not exceed the values given in Appendix 6 to these sanitary rules.
6.4.1.2. When simultaneous radiation from several RF EMR sources must be met, the following conditions must be met:
In cases where the same maximum permissible levels (hereinafter referred to as MPLs) are set for the radiation of all RF EMR sources:
, Where
Electric field strength (energy flux density) created at a given point by each RF EMR source;
- permissible electric field strength (energy flux density).
In cases where different remote controls are installed for the emission of all RF EMR sources:
6.4.1.3. When installing antennas of transmitting radio engineering facilities on residential buildings, the intensity of RF EMR directly on the roofs of residential buildings may exceed the permissible levels established for the population, provided that persons who are not professionally associated with exposure to RF EMR are not allowed to stay on roofs while transmitters are operating. On the roofs where transmitting antennas are installed, there must be appropriate markings indicating the boundary where people are prohibited from staying when transmitters are operating.
6.4.1.4. Measurements of the radiation level should be carried out under the condition that the EMR source is operating at full power at points in the room closest to the source (on balconies, loggias, near windows), as well as at metal products located in the premises, which can be passive EMR repeaters and at full disconnected household appliances that are sources of RF EMR. The minimum distance to metal objects is determined by the operating instructions for the measuring instrument.
It is advisable to carry out RF EMR measurements in residential premises from external sources with open windows.
6.4.1.5. The requirements of these sanitary rules do not apply to electromagnetic effects of a random nature, as well as those created by mobile transmitting radio engineering objects.
6.4.1.6. The placement of all transmitting radio engineering facilities located in residential buildings, including amateur radio stations and radio stations operating in the 27 MHz range, is carried out in accordance with the hygienic requirements for the placement and operation of land mobile radio communications.
6.4.2. Permissible levels of electromagnetic radiation of industrial frequency 50 Hz
6.4.2.1. The electric field strength of industrial frequency 50 Hz in residential premises at a distance of 0.2 m from walls and windows and at a height of 0.5 - 1.8 m from the floor should not exceed 0.5 kV/m.
6.4.2.2. The induction of a magnetic field of industrial frequency 50 Hz in residential premises at a distance of 0.2 m from walls and windows and at a height of 0.5 - 1.5 m from the floor and should not exceed 5 μT (4 A/m).
6.4.2.3. Electric and magnetic fields of industrial frequency 50 Hz in residential premises are assessed with household appliances completely turned off, including local lighting devices. Electric field is assessed with the general lighting completely turned off, and the magnetic field - with the general lighting completely turned on.
6.4.2.4. Electric field strength of industrial frequency 50 Hz in residential areas from overhead power lines alternating current and other objects should not exceed 1 kV/m at a height of 1.8 m from the ground surface.
6.5. Permissible levels of ionizing radiation
6.5.1. The effective dose rate of gamma radiation inside buildings should not exceed the dose rate in open areas by more than 0.2 μSv/hour.
6.5.2. Average annual equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of daughter products of radon and thoron in the indoor air of EROA Rn+ 4.6EROA Tn should not exceed 100 Bq/m 3 for buildings under construction and reconstruction and 200 Bq/m 3 for the exploited.
VII. Requirements to interior decoration residential premises
7.1. Release of harmful chemicals from construction and finishing materials, as well as from materials used for the manufacture of built-in furniture, should not create concentrations in residential premises that exceed the standard levels established for the atmospheric air of populated areas.
7.2. The level of electrostatic field strength on the surface of building and finishing materials should not exceed 15 kV/m (at a relative air humidity of 30 - 60%).
7.3. Effective specific activity of natural radionuclides in building materials used in buildings under construction and reconstruction should not exceed 370 Bq/kg.
7.4. The coefficient of thermal activity of floors should be no more than 10 kcal/sq. m hour deg.
VIII. Requirements for engineering equipment
8.1. Requirements for water supply and sewerage
8.1.1. Residential buildings should provide drinking and hot water supply, as well as sewerage and drains.
In areas without centralized utility networks, it is allowed to provide for the construction of 1 and 2-story residential buildings with unsewered latrines.
In climatic regions I, II, III, with the exception of subdistrict IIIB, in 1 and 2-story buildings, warm non-sewered restrooms (backlash closets, etc.) are allowed within the heated part of the building.
8.1.2. Connecting drinking water supply networks with water supply networks supplying non-potable water is not permitted. Quality tap water must comply with the hygienic requirements for water quality of centralized drinking water supply systems.
8.1.3. It is not allowed to connect the exhaust part of sewer risers with ventilation systems and chimneys. On domestic sewerage networks, the installation of inspection wells inside the building is not allowed.
8.2. Removal requirements household waste and garbage
8.2.1. If there is a garbage chute in a residential building, the hatches of the garbage chutes should be located on staircase landings. The covers of the loading valves of garbage chutes on staircases must have a tight seal, equipped with rubber gaskets. It is not allowed to place garbage chutes in the walls enclosing living rooms.
8.2.2. The garbage chute must be kept in good condition and equipped with devices that allow it to be cleaned, disinfected and disinfested.
8.2.3. The garbage collection chamber must be equipped with a water supply system, sewerage system and simple devices for mechanizing waste disposal, as well as an independent exhaust duct providing ventilation for the chamber, and be kept in good condition. The entrance to the waste collection chamber must be isolated from the entrance to the building and other premises. Entrance door must have a sealed porch.
The location of the garbage collection chamber directly under or adjacent to living rooms is not allowed.
8.2.4. Containers and other containers intended for collecting household waste and garbage must be removed or emptied daily.
8.2.5. To install containers, a special area with a concrete or asphalt surface must be equipped, limited by a curb and green spaces (shrubs) around the perimeter and with an access road for vehicles.
The size of the sites should be designed to accommodate the installation of the required number of containers, but not more than 5. The distance from the containers to residential buildings, children's playgrounds, recreational and sports facilities should be at least 20 m, but not more than 100 m.
IX. Requirements for the maintenance of residential premises
9.1. When using residential buildings and premises it is not allowed:
Use of residential premises for purposes not provided for in the design documentation;
Storage and use in residential premises and public premises located in a residential building of hazardous chemicals that pollute the air;
Carrying out work that is a source of elevated levels noise, vibration, air pollution or disturbing the living conditions of citizens in neighboring residential premises;
Littering, pollution and flooding of residential premises, basements and technical undergrounds, staircases and cages, attics.
9.2. When using residential premises, the following is required:
Timely take measures to eliminate malfunctions of engineering and other equipment located in residential premises (water supply, sewerage, ventilation, heating, waste disposal, elevator systems and others) that violate sanitary and hygienic living conditions;
Carry out activities aimed at preventing the occurrence and spread infectious diseases related to the sanitary condition of a residential building, the destruction of insects and rodents (disinfestation and deratization).
Appendix No. 1
to SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10
ILLUMINATION STANDARDS FOR HOUSE AREAS
Appendix No. 2
to SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10
ACCEPTABLE STANDARDS
TEMPERATURE, RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND TRAFFIC SPEED
AIR IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Name of premises |
Air temperature, °C |
Resulting temperature, °C |
Relative humidity, % |
Air speed, m/s |
|
Cold season |
|||||
Living room |
|||||
The same, in the areas of the coldest five-day period (minus 31 °C and below) |
|||||
Bathroom, combined toilet |
|||||
Inter-apartment corridor |
|||||
Lobby, staircase |
|||||
Storerooms |
|||||
Warm period of the year |
|||||
Living room |
|||||
__________________
<*>Not standardized.
Appendix No. 3
to SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10
ALLOWABLE SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS
IN OCTAVE FREQUENCY BANDS EQUIVALENT
AND MAXIMUM SOUND LEVELS OF PENETRATION NOISE
IN THE PREMISES OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Name of premises, territories |
Times of Day |
Sound pressure levels, dB, in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies, Hz |
Sound levels La and equivalent sound levels L, dBA Aeq |
Maximum sounds L, dBA Aek |
||||||||
Living rooms |
||||||||||||
Apartments |
||||||||||||
Appendix No. 4
to SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10
PERMISSIBLE VIBRATION LEVELS IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDING PREMISES
FROM INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL SOURCES
Geometric mean frequencies of bands, Hz |
Acceptable values for axes Xo, Yo, Zo |
|||
Vibration acceleration |
Vibration velocities |
|||
Equivalent corrected vibration velocity or vibration acceleration values and their logarithmic levels |
||||
Appendix No. 5
to SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10
ALLOWABLE INFRASOUND LEVELS FOR RESIDENTIAL PREMISES
Appendix No. 6
to SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10
PERMISSIBLE ELECTROMAGNETIC LEVELS
RADIO FREQUENCY EMISSIONS IN RESIDENTIAL PREMISES
(INCLUDING BALCONIES AND LOGGIAS)
__________________
<*>For cases of irradiation from antennas operating in all-round viewing mode with a radiation pattern rotation frequency of no more than 1 Hz and a rotation duty cycle of at least 20.
Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation
dated June 10, 2010 No. 64
"On approval of SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10"
In accordance with the Federal Law of March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, No. 14, Art. 1650; 2002, No. 1 (Part 1), Art. 2; 2003, No. 2, Art. 167; No. 27 (part 1), Art. 2700; 2004, No. 35, Art. 3607; 2005, No. 19, Art. 1752; 2006, No. 1, Art. 10; No. 52 (Part 1), Article 5498; 2007 No. 1 (Part 1), Article 21; No. 1 (Part 1), Article 29; No. 27, Article 3213; No. 46, Article 5554; No. 49, Article 6070; 2008, No. 24, Article 2801; No. 29 (Part 1), Article 3418; No. 30 (Part 2), Article 3616; No. 44, Article 4984; No. 52 (Part 1), Art. 6223; 2009, No. 1, Art. 17) and Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 24, 2000 No. 554 “On approval of the Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on State Sanitary and Epidemiological Standardization” ( Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, No. 31, Article 3295; 2004, No. 8, Article 663; No. 47, Article 4666; 2005, No. 39, Article 3953) I decide:
1. Approve sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises” (appendix).
2. Put into effect the specified sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations from August 15, 2010.
Application
Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations
SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10
"Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises"
(approved by the resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation
dated June 10, 2010 No. 64)
I. General provisions and scope
1.2. These sanitary rules establish mandatory sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises, which must be observed when placing, designing, reconstructing, constructing and operating residential buildings and premises intended for permanent residence.
1.3. The requirements of these sanitary rules do not apply to living conditions in buildings and premises of hotels, hostels, specialized homes for the disabled, orphanages, and rotational camps.
1.4. The sanitary rules are intended for citizens, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities whose activities are related to the design, construction, reconstruction and operation of residential buildings and premises, as well as for bodies authorized to carry out state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
1.5. Monitoring compliance with the requirements of these sanitary rules is carried out by bodies authorized to carry out state sanitary and epidemiological supervision in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
II. Hygienic requirements for the site and territory of residential buildings when placing them
2.1. Residential buildings must be located in accordance with the general plan of the territory, the functional zoning of the territory of the city, town and other populated areas.
2.2. The area allocated for residential buildings must:
Be located outside the territory of industrial-municipal, sanitary-protection zones of enterprises, structures and other objects, the first zone of the sanitary protection zone of water supply sources and drinking water pipelines;
Meet the requirements for the content of chemical and biological substances potentially hazardous to humans, biological and microbiological organisms in the soil, the quality of atmospheric air, the level of ionizing radiation, physical factors (noise, infrasound, vibration, electromagnetic fields) in accordance with the sanitary legislation of the Russian Federation.
2.3. The land plot allocated for the construction of a residential building must provide for the possibility of organizing a local area with clear functional zoning and placement of recreation areas, playgrounds, sports areas, utility areas, guest parking for vehicles, and green spaces.
2.4. When landscaping the local area of residential buildings, it is necessary to take into account that the distance from the walls of residential buildings to the axis of tree trunks with a crown with a diameter of up to 5 m should be at least 5 m. For larger trees, the distance should be more than 5 m, for shrubs - 1.5 m The height of the bushes should not exceed the lower edge of the window opening of the premises on the first floor.
2.5. There should be no transit traffic on the internal driveways of the local area. Access to waste disposal sites must be provided for special vehicles.
2.6. Distances between residential, residential and public, as well as industrial buildings should be taken in accordance with the hygienic requirements for insolation and sun protection of residential and public buildings and territories.
2.7. When placing residential buildings, it is planned to provide them with water supply, sewerage, heat supply, and electricity supply.
2.8. On land plots, entrances and passages to each building must be provided. Places for parking or garages for cars must comply with the hygienic requirements for sanitary protection zones and the sanitary classification of enterprises, buildings and other objects.
In local areas, it is prohibited to wash cars, drain fuel and oils, or adjust sound signals, brakes and engines.
2.9. Areas in front of house entrances, driveways and pedestrian paths must have hard surfaces. When installing hard surfaces, the possibility of free drainage of melt and storm water must be provided.
2.10. In the courtyards of residential buildings it is prohibited to place any trade and public catering establishments, including tents, kiosks, stalls, mini-markets, pavilions, summer cafes, industrial facilities, small repair enterprises for cars, household appliances, shoes, as well as parking lots except for guest ones.
2.11. Cleaning of the territory should be carried out daily, including in the warm season - watering the territory, in winter - de-icing measures (removal, sprinkling with sand, de-icing reagents, etc.).
2.12. The courtyard areas of residential buildings should be illuminated in the evening. Lighting standards are given in Appendix 1 to these sanitary rules.
III. Hygienic requirements for residential and public premises,
located in residential buildings
3.1. Placing residential premises in apartments on the ground and basement floors is not permitted.
3.2. In residential buildings, the placement of public premises, engineering equipment and communications is allowed, subject to compliance with hygienic standards for noise, infrasound, vibration, and electromagnetic fields.
In the basement and ground floors of such residential buildings, it is allowed to install built-in and built-in-attached parking lots for cars and motorcycles, provided that the ceilings are air-tight and equipped with a device for removing exhaust gases from vehicles.
3.3. Public premises built into residential buildings must have entrances isolated from the residential part of the building.
3.4. The placement of industrial production in residential premises is not allowed.
3.5. When placing parking garages under residential buildings, it is necessary to separate them from the residential part of the building by a non-residential floor. Placing premises for working with children and premises for medical and preventive purposes above garages is not permitted.
3.6. In residential buildings of any number of floors on the first, ground or basement floors, a storage room should be provided for storing cleaning equipment, equipped with a sink. It is allowed to install storage rooms with an area of at least 3 m 2 /person. for residents of the house: household, for storing vegetables, as well as for solid fuel. In this case, the exit from the floor where the storage rooms are located must be isolated from the residential part. Laying sewer networks in utility storerooms is prohibited.
3.7. Public premises built into residential buildings must have entrances isolated from the residential part of the building, while parking areas for personnel vehicles must be located outside the local area.
Loading materials and products for public premises from the courtyard of a residential building, where windows and entrances to apartments are located, is not allowed. Loading should be done: from the ends of residential buildings that do not have windows; from underground tunnels or closed landing stages; from the highways.
Loading rooms may not be installed if the area of built-in public premises is up to 150 m2.
3.8. In residential buildings, it is not allowed to locate bathrooms and toilets directly above living rooms and kitchens, with the exception of two-level apartments, in which it is allowed to place a toilet and a bath (or shower) directly above the kitchen.
3.9. It is not allowed to arrange an entrance to a room equipped with a toilet directly from the kitchen and living rooms, with the exception of the entrance from the bedroom to the combined bathroom, provided that there is a second room in the apartment, equipped with a toilet, with an entrance to it from the corridor or hall.
3.10. Residential buildings with a height of more than five floors must be equipped with elevators (freight and passenger). When equipping a house with elevators, the dimensions of one of the cabins must ensure the possibility of transporting a person on a stretcher or wheelchair.
3.11. It is not allowed to place an engine room and elevator shafts, a garbage collection chamber, a garbage chute shaft and a device for cleaning and washing it, or an electrical panel room above or below living rooms, as well as adjacent to them.
IV. Hygienic requirements for heating, ventilation, microclimate and indoor air environment
4.1. Heating and ventilation systems must ensure acceptable microclimate and indoor air conditions. The optimal and permissible microclimate parameters in residential buildings are given in Appendix 2 to these sanitary rules.
4.2. Heating systems must ensure uniform heating of the air in the premises throughout the entire heating period, do not create odors, do not pollute the indoor air with harmful substances released during operation, do not create additional noise, and must be accessible for routine repairs and maintenance.
4.3.
4.4. Heating devices must be easily accessible for cleaning. For water heating, the surface temperature of heating devices should not exceed 90 °C. For devices with a heating surface temperature of more than 75 °C, protective guards must be provided.
4.5. The premises of the first floors of residential buildings located in climatic region I must have heating systems for uniform heating of the floor surface.
4.6. The installation of autonomous boiler houses for heat supply to residential buildings is permitted subject to compliance with hygienic requirements for the quality of atmospheric air in populated areas, hygienic standards for noise and vibration.
4.7. Natural ventilation of residential premises should be carried out by air flow through vents, transoms, or through special openings in window sashes and ventilation ducts. Duct exhaust openings should be provided in kitchens, bathrooms, toilets and drying cabinets.
The design of the ventilation system must prevent the flow of air from one apartment to another.
It is not allowed to combine the ventilation ducts of kitchens and sanitary facilities with living rooms.
4.8. Ventilation of objects located in residential buildings must be autonomous. It is allowed to connect the exhaust ventilation of public premises that do not have harmful emissions to the general exhaust system of a residential building.
4.9. Exhaust ventilation shafts must protrude above the ridge of the roof or flat roof to a height of at least 1 m.
4.10. The concentration of chemicals in the air of residential premises when buildings are put into operation should not exceed the average daily maximum permissible concentrations (hereinafter - MACs) of pollutants established for the atmospheric air of populated areas, and in the absence of average daily MACs, not exceed the maximum one-time MACs or estimated safe exposure levels ( hereinafter referred to as OBUV).
V. Hygienic requirements for natural and artificial lighting and insolation
5.1. Living rooms and kitchens of residential buildings must have natural lighting through light openings in the external building envelope.
5.2. The natural illumination coefficient (hereinafter referred to as KEO) in living rooms and kitchens must be at least 0.5%.
5.3. With one-sided side lighting in residential buildings, the standard value of KEO must be ensured at the design point located at the intersection of the vertical plane of the characteristic section of the room and the floor plane at a distance of 1 m from the wall farthest from the light openings: in one room - for one-, two- and three-room apartments, and two rooms for four- and five-room apartments. In the remaining rooms of multi-room apartments and in the kitchen, the standard value of KEO for side lighting should be ensured at the design point located in the center of the room on the floor plane.
5.4. All premises of residential buildings must be provided with general and local artificial lighting.
5.5. Illumination on landings, staircases, elevator lobbies, floor corridors, lobbies, basements and attics should be at least 20 lux on the floor.
5.6. Above each main entrance to a residential building, lamps must be installed that provide illumination at the entrance site of at least 6 lux for a horizontal surface and at least 10 lux for a vertical surface at a height of 2.0 m from the floor. Lighting of the pedestrian path at the entrance to the building should also be provided.
5.7. Residential premises and adjacent areas must be provided with insolation in accordance with the hygienic requirements for insolation and sun protection of premises of residential and public buildings.
5.8. The normalized duration of continuous insolation for premises of residential buildings is established for certain calendar periods differentially depending on the type of apartments, the functional purpose of the premises, planning zones of the city and the geographical latitude of the area:
For the central zone (58° N - 48° N) - at least 2.0 hours per day from March 22 to September 22;
5.9. The standard duration of insolation must be provided in no less than one room of 1 - 3-room apartments and no less than two rooms of 4 or more room apartments.
5.10. Intermittent duration of insolation is allowed, in which one of the periods must be at least 1 hour. In this case, the total duration of normalized insolation should increase by 0.5 hours, respectively, for each zone.
5.11. For residential buildings located in the northern and central zones, it is allowed to reduce the duration of insolation by 0.5 hours in the following cases:
In two-room and three-room apartments, where at least two rooms are insulated;
In four and multi-room apartments, where at least three rooms are insulated;
During the reconstruction of residential buildings located in the central and historical zones of cities, defined by their master development plans.
5.12. On children's playgrounds and sports grounds located in the local area, the duration of insolation should be at least 3 hours on 50% of the sites, regardless of geographic latitude.
VI. Hygienic requirements for levels of noise, vibration, ultrasound and infrasound, electromagnetic fields and radiation, ionizing radiation
6.1. The maximum permissible sound pressure levels, equivalent and maximum sound levels in the premises of residential buildings and in residential areas are given in Appendix 3 to these sanitary rules.
6.1.1. Noise levels from external sources in residential premises are assessed taking into account their measurements with open vents, transoms, and narrow casement windows.
6.1.2. Equivalent and maximum sound levels in dBA for noise generated on the territory by means of road and rail transport 2 m from the enclosing structures of the first echelon of noise-protective types of residential buildings facing the main streets of citywide and regional significance, railways, it is allowed to take 10 dBA higher (amendment δ = +10 dBA) specified in the second line of Appendix 3 to these sanitary rules.
6.1.3. Sound pressure levels in octave frequency bands in dB, sound levels and equivalent sound levels in dBA for noise generated in rooms and areas adjacent to buildings by air conditioning systems, air heating and ventilation and other engineering and technological equipment of the building itself, should be taken 5 dBA lower (amendment δ = minus (-) 5 dBA) specified in Appendix 3 to these sanitary rules (the amendment for tonal and impulse noise in this case should not be accepted ).
6.1.4. For tonal and impulse noise, a correction of minus (-) 5 dBA should be taken.
6.2. The maximum permissible vibration levels in residential premises are given in Appendix 4 to these sanitary rules.
6.2.1. During the daytime, in residential premises it is permissible to exceed standard levels by 5 dB.
6.2.2 For non-constant vibration, a correction of minus (-) 10 dB is introduced to the permissible levels given in Appendix 4 to these sanitary rules, and the absolute values are multiplied by 0.32.
6.3. The maximum permissible levels of infrasound in residential areas and in residential buildings are given in Appendix 5 to these sanitary rules.
6.4. Maximum permissible levels of electromagnetic fields (hereinafter referred to as EMF) when exposed to the population.
6.4.1. The maximum permissible level of geomagnetic field attenuation in residential buildings is set to 1.5.
6.4.2. The maximum permissible level of electrostatic field strength in residential premises is 15 kV/m.
6.4.3. In populated areas, the maximum permissible intensity of an alternating electric field with a frequency of 50 Hz at a height of 2 m is 1000 V/m, and in residential premises the maximum permissible intensity of an alternating electric field with a frequency of 50 Hz at a height of 0.5 to 2 m from the floor is 500 V/m.
6.4.4. Permissible levels of EMF in the frequency range 30 kHz - 300 GHz for the population (in residential areas, in places of mass recreation, inside residential premises) are given in Appendix 6 to these sanitary rules.
6.4.5. The requirements of this section do not apply to electromagnetic impacts of a random nature, as well as those created by mobile transmitting radio engineering objects.
6.4.6. The permissible alternating magnetic field strength is given in Appendix 7 to these sanitary rules.
6.4.7. Levels of electric field strength with a frequency of 50 Hz created by the supply and power equipment of transmitting radio engineering facilities (RTF) inside residential buildings should not exceed the maximum permissible levels for the population.
6.5. Permissible levels of ionizing radiation.
6.5.1. The effective dose rate of gamma radiation inside buildings should not exceed the dose rate in open areas by more than 0.2 μSv/hour.
6.5.2. The average annual equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of daughter products of radon and thoron in indoor air EROA Rn + 4.6 EROA Tn should not exceed 100 Bq/m 3 for buildings under construction and reconstruction and 200 Bq/m 3 for those in operation
VII. Requirements for interior decoration of residential premises
7.1. The release of harmful chemicals from construction and finishing materials, as well as from materials used for the manufacture of built-in furniture, should not create concentrations in residential premises that exceed the standard levels established for the atmospheric air of populated areas.
7.2. The level of electrostatic potential on the surface of building and finishing materials should not exceed 15 kV/m (at a relative air humidity of 30 - 60%).
7.3. The effective specific activity of natural radionuclides in building materials used in buildings under construction and reconstruction should not exceed 370 Bq/kg.
7.4. The item was excluded according to the resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated December 27, 2010 No. 175.
VIII. Requirements for engineering equipment
8.1. Requirements for water supply and sewerage
8.1.1. Residential buildings should provide drinking and hot water supply, as well as sewerage and drains.
In areas without centralized utility networks, it is allowed to provide for the construction of 1 and 2-story residential buildings with unsewered latrines.
In climatic regions I, II, III, with the exception of subdistrict IIIB, in 1 and 2-story buildings, warm non-sewered restrooms (backlash closets, etc.) are allowed within the heated part of the building.
8.1.2. Connecting drinking water supply networks with water supply networks supplying non-potable water is not permitted. The quality of tap water must meet the hygienic requirements for the water quality of centralized drinking water supply systems.
8.1.3. It is not allowed to connect the exhaust part of sewer risers with ventilation systems and chimneys. On domestic sewerage networks, the installation of inspection wells inside the building is not allowed.
8.2. Requirements for the disposal of household waste and garbage
8.2.1. If there is a garbage chute in a residential building, the hatches of the garbage chutes should be located on staircase landings. The covers of the loading valves of garbage chutes on staircases must have a tight seal, equipped with rubber gaskets. It is not allowed to place garbage chutes in the walls enclosing living rooms.
8.2.2. The garbage chute must be kept in good condition and equipped with devices that allow it to be cleaned, disinfected and disinfested.
8.2.3. The garbage collection chamber must be equipped with a water supply system, sewerage system and simple devices for mechanizing waste disposal, as well as an independent exhaust duct providing ventilation for the chamber, and be kept in good condition. The entrance to the waste collection chamber must be isolated from the entrance to the building and other premises. The entrance door must have a sealed door.
The location of the garbage collection chamber directly under or adjacent to living rooms is not allowed.
8.2.4. Containers and other containers intended for collecting household waste and garbage must be removed or emptied daily.
8.2.5. To install containers, a special area with a concrete or asphalt surface must be equipped, limited by a curb and green spaces (shrubs) around the perimeter and with an access road for vehicles.
The size of the sites should be designed to accommodate the installation of the required number of containers, but not more than 5. The distance from the containers to residential buildings, children's playgrounds, recreational and sports facilities should be at least 20 m, but not more than 100 m.
IX. Requirements for the maintenance of residential premises
9.1. When using residential buildings and premises it is not allowed:
Use of residential premises for purposes not provided for in the design documentation;
Storage and use in residential premises and public premises located in a residential building of hazardous chemicals that pollute the air;
Carrying out work that is a source of increased levels of noise, vibration, air pollution, or disrupts the living conditions of citizens in neighboring residential premises;
Littering, pollution and flooding of residential premises, basements and technical undergrounds, staircases and cages, attics.
9.2. When using residential premises, the following is required:
Timely take measures to eliminate malfunctions of engineering and other equipment located in residential premises (water supply, sewerage, ventilation, heating, waste disposal, elevator systems and others) that violate sanitary and hygienic living conditions;
Carry out measures aimed at preventing the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases associated with the sanitary condition of a residential building, to destroy insects and rodents (disinfestation and deratization).
Annex 1
to SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10
Lighting standards for local areas
Appendix 2
to SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10
Acceptable standards temperature, relative humidity and air speed in residential buildings
| Name of premises | Air temperature, °C | Resulting temperature, °C | Relative humidity, % | Air speed, m/s |
||||
| optimal | acceptable | optimal | acceptable | optimal | acceptable | optimal | acceptable |
|
| Cold season |
||||||||
| Living room | ||||||||
| The same, in the areas of the coldest five-day period (minus 31 ° C and below) | ||||||||
| Bathroom, combined toilet | ||||||||
| Inter-apartment corridor | ||||||||
| Lobby, staircase | ||||||||
| Storerooms | ||||||||
| Warm period of the year |
||||||||
| Living room | ||||||||
__________________
* Not standardized
Appendix 3
to SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10
Permissible sound pressure levels in octave frequency bands, equivalent and maximum sound levels of penetrating noise into residential buildings
| Name of premises, territories | Times of Day | Sound pressure levels, dB, in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies, Hz | Sound levels L A and equivalent sound levels L A eq, dVA | Maximum levels sound L A max, dBA |
|||||||||
| Living rooms of apartments | |||||||||||||
| Territories directly adjacent to residential buildings | |||||||||||||
Appendix 4
to SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10
Maximum permissible vibration levels in residential buildings
| Geometric mean frequencies of bands, Hz | Acceptable values along the X o, Y o, Z o axes |
|||
| Vibration acceleration | Vibration velocities |
|||
| Equivalent corrected vibration velocity or vibration acceleration values and their logarithmic levels | ||||
Appendix 5
to SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10
Maximum permissible levels of infrasound in residential areas and in residential buildings
Appendix 6
to SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10
Permissible levels of EMF in the frequency range 30 kHz - 300 GHz for the population (in residential areas, in places of public recreation, inside residential premises)
_________________
* for cases of exposure from antennas operating in all-round or scanning mode.
Notes:
1. The ranges shown in the table exclude the lower frequency limit and include the upper frequency limit.
2. The electric field strength of special-purpose radar stations designed to control outer space, radio stations for communication through outer space, operating in the frequency range 150 - 300 MHz in electronic beam scanning mode, in populated areas located in the near radiation zone, is not must exceed 6 V/m and in populated areas located in the far radiation zone - 19 V/m."
"On approval of SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10"
In accordance with the Federal Law of March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, No. 14, Art. 1650; 2002, No. 1 (Part 1), Art. 2; 2003, No. 2, Art. 167; No. 27 (part 1), Art. 2700; 2004, No. 35, Art. 3607; 2005, No. 19, Art. 1752; 2006, No. 1, Art. 10; No. 52 (Part 1), Article 5498; 2007 No. 1 (Part 1), Article 21; No. 1 (Part 1), Article 29; No. 27, Article 3213; No. 46, Article 5554; No. 49, Article 6070; 2008, No. 24, Article 2801; No. 29 (Part 1), Article 3418; No. 30 (Part 2), Article 3616; No. 44, Article 4984; No. 52 (Part 1), Art. 6223; 2009, No. 1, Art. 17) and Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 24, 2000 No. 554 “On approval of the Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on State Sanitary and Epidemiological Standardization” ( Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, No. 31, Article 3295; 2004, No. 8, Article 663; No. 47, Article 4666; 2005, No. 39, Article 3953) I decide:
1. Approve sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises” ().
2. Put into effect the specified sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations from August 15, 2010.
G.G. Onishchenko
Registration No. 17833
Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated August 2, 2010 No. 99
“On the cancellation of SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-0 and SanPiN 2.1.2.2261-07”
In accordance with the Federal Law of March 30, 1999
No. 52-FZ“On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, No. 14, Art. 1650; 2002, No. 1 (Part 1), Art. 2; 2003, No. 2, Art. 167; No. 27 (Part 1), Article 2700; 2004, No. 35, Article 3607; 2005, No. 19, Article 1752; 2006, No. 1, Article 10; No. 52 (part 1), Article 5498; 2007 No. 1 (Part 1), Article 21; No. 1 (Part 1), Article 29; No. 27, Article 3213; No. 46, Article 5554; No. 49, Article 6070; 2008, No. 24, Art. 2801; No. 29 (Part 1), Article 3418; No. 30 (Part 2), Article 3616; No. 44, Article 4984; No. 52 (Part 1), Article 6223; 2009, No. 1, Art. 17) and the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 24, 2000№ 554 “On approval of the Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on State Sanitary and Epidemiological Standardization” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, No. 31, Art. 3295; 2004, No. 8, Art. 663; No. 47, Art. 4666; 2005, No. 39, Art. 3953)I DECIDE:
1. Since the introduction of sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises”, approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of June 10, 2010 No. 64 and registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation 07/15/2010, registration number 17833, considered invalid:
Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for residential buildings and premises” approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation, First Deputy Minister of Health of the Russian Federation on December 15, 2000 (do not require state registration in accordance with the letter Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation dated April 16, 2001 No. 07/3760-UD);
Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.2.2261-07 “Change 1 to sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for residential buildings and premises. SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00, approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor dated August 21, 2007 No. 59 (does not require state registration in accordance with the letter of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation dated September 12, 2007 No. 01/9018-AB).
G.G. Onishchenko
Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10
"Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises"
I. General provisions and scope
1.1. Sanitary rules and regulations (hereinafter referred to as sanitary rules) have been developed in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
1.2. These sanitary rules establish mandatory sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises, which must be observed when placing, designing, reconstructing, constructing and operating residential buildings and premises intended for permanent residence.
1.3. The requirements of these sanitary rules do not apply to living conditions in buildings and premises of hotels, hostels, specialized homes for the disabled, orphanages, and rotational camps.
1.4. The sanitary rules are intended for citizens, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities whose activities are related to the design, construction, reconstruction and operation of residential buildings and premises, as well as for bodies authorized to carry out state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
1.5. Monitoring compliance with the requirements of these sanitary rules is carried out by bodies authorized to carry out state sanitary and epidemiological supervision in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
II. Hygienic requirements for the site and territory of residential buildings when placing them
2.1. Residential buildings must be located in a residential area in accordance with the general plan of the territory, the functional zoning of the territory of the city, town and other populated areas.
2.2. The area allocated for residential buildings must:
Be located outside the territory of industrial-municipal, sanitary-protection zones of enterprises, structures and other objects, the first zone of the sanitary protection zone of water supply sources and drinking water pipelines;
Meet the requirements for the content of chemical and biological substances potentially hazardous to humans, biological and microbiological organisms in the soil, the quality of atmospheric air, the level of ionizing radiation, physical factors (noise, infrasound, vibration, electromagnetic fields) in accordance with the sanitary legislation of the Russian Federation.
2.3. The land plot allocated for the construction of a residential building must provide for the possibility of organizing a local area with clear functional zoning and placement of recreation areas, playgrounds, sports areas, utility areas, guest parking for vehicles, and green spaces.
2.4. When landscaping the local area of residential buildings, it is necessary to take into account that the distance from the walls of residential buildings to the axis of tree trunks with a crown with a diameter of up to 5 m should be at least 5 m. For larger trees, the distance should be more than 5 m, for shrubs - 1.5 m The height of the bushes should not exceed the lower edge of the window opening of the premises on the first floor.
2.5. There should be no transit traffic on the internal driveways of the local area. Access to waste disposal sites must be provided for special vehicles.
2.6. Distances between residential, residential and public, as well as industrial buildings should be taken in accordance with the hygienic requirements for insolation and sun protection of residential and public buildings and territories.
2.7. When placing residential buildings, it is planned to provide them with utility networks (electric lighting, drinking and hot water supply, heating and ventilation, and in gasified areas - gas supply).
2.8. On land plots, entrances and passages to each building must be provided. Places for parking or garages for cars must comply with the hygienic requirements for sanitary protection zones and the sanitary classification of enterprises, buildings and other objects.
In local areas, it is prohibited to wash cars, drain fuel and oils, or adjust sound signals, brakes and engines.
2.9. Areas in front of house entrances, driveways and pedestrian paths must have hard surfaces. When installing hard surfaces, the possibility of free drainage of melt and storm water must be provided.
2.10. In the courtyards of residential buildings it is prohibited to place any trade and public catering establishments, including tents, kiosks, stalls, mini-markets, pavilions, summer cafes, industrial facilities, small repair enterprises for cars, household appliances, shoes, as well as parking lots of public organizations.
2.11. Cleaning of the territory should be carried out daily, including in the warm season - watering the territory, in winter - de-icing measures (removal, sprinkling with sand, de-icing reagents, etc.).
2.12. The courtyard areas of residential buildings should be illuminated in the evening. Lighting standards are given in these sanitary rules.
III. Hygienic requirements for residential premises and public premises located in residential buildings
3.1. Placing residential premises in apartments on the ground and basement floors is not permitted.
3.2. In residential buildings, the placement of public premises, engineering equipment and communications is allowed, subject to compliance with hygienic standards for noise, infrasound, vibration, and electromagnetic fields.
In the basement and ground floors of such residential buildings, it is allowed to install built-in and built-in-attached parking lots for cars and motorcycles, provided that the ceilings are air-tight and equipped with a device for removing exhaust gases from vehicles.
3.3. Public premises built into residential buildings must have entrances isolated from the residential part of the building.
3.4. The placement of industrial production in residential premises is not allowed.
3.5. When placing parking garages under residential buildings, it is necessary to separate them from the residential part of the building by a non-residential floor. Placing premises for working with children and premises for medical and preventive purposes above garages is not permitted.
3.6. In residential buildings of any number of floors on the first, ground or basement floors, a storage room should be provided for storing cleaning equipment, equipped with a sink. It is allowed to install storage rooms with an area of at least 3 m 2 /person. for residents of the house: household, for storing vegetables, as well as for solid fuel. In this case, the exit from the floor where the storage rooms are located must be isolated from the residential part. Laying sewer networks in utility storerooms is prohibited.
3.7. Public premises built into residential buildings must have entrances isolated from the residential part of the building, while parking areas for personnel vehicles must be located outside the local area.
Loading materials and products for public premises from the courtyard of a residential building, where windows and entrances to apartments are located, is not allowed. Loading should be done: from the ends of residential buildings that do not have windows; from underground tunnels or closed landing stages; from the highways.
Loading rooms may not be installed if the area of built-in public premises is up to 150 m2.
3.8. The following is not allowed in apartments:
The location of bathrooms and toilets directly above the living rooms and kitchens, with the exception of two-level apartments, in which it is allowed to place a toilet and a bath (or shower) directly above the kitchen;
Fastening devices and pipelines of sanitary units directly to the enclosing structures of the living room, inter-apartment walls and partitions, as well as to their extensions outside the living rooms.
3.9. It is not allowed to arrange an entrance to a room equipped with a toilet directly from the kitchen and living rooms, with the exception of the entrance from the bedroom to the combined bathroom, provided that there is a second room in the apartment, equipped with a toilet, with an entrance to it from the corridor or hall.
3.10. Residential buildings with a height of more than five floors must be equipped with elevators (freight and passenger). When equipping a house with elevators, the dimensions of one of the cabins must ensure the possibility of transporting a person on a stretcher or wheelchair.
3.11. It is not allowed to place an engine room and elevator shafts, a garbage collection chamber, a garbage chute shaft and a device for cleaning and washing it, or an electrical panel room above or below living rooms, as well as adjacent to them.
IV. Hygienic requirements for heating, ventilation, microclimate and indoor air environment
4.1. Heating and ventilation systems must ensure acceptable microclimate and indoor air conditions. Acceptable microclimate parameters in residential buildings are given in these sanitary rules.
4.2. Heating systems must ensure uniform heating of the air in the premises throughout the entire heating period, do not create odors, do not pollute the indoor air with harmful substances released during operation, do not create additional noise, and must be accessible for routine repairs and maintenance.
4.3. The difference between the indoor air temperature and the temperature of the wall surfaces should not exceed 3°C; the difference between the air temperature of the premises and the floor should not exceed 2°C.
4.4. Heating devices must be easily accessible for cleaning. For water heating, the surface temperature of heating devices should not exceed 90°C. For devices with a heating surface temperature of more than 75°C, it is necessary to provide protective barriers.
4.5. The premises of the first floors of residential buildings located in climatic region I must have heating systems for uniform heating of the floor surface.
4.6. The installation of autonomous boiler houses for heat supply to residential buildings is permitted subject to compliance with hygienic requirements for the quality of atmospheric air in populated areas, hygienic standards for noise and vibration.
4.7. Natural ventilation of residential premises should be carried out by air flow through vents, transoms, or through special openings in window sashes and ventilation ducts. Duct exhaust openings should be provided in kitchens, bathrooms, toilets and drying cabinets.
The design of the ventilation system must prevent the flow of air from one apartment to another.
It is not allowed to combine the ventilation ducts of kitchens and sanitary facilities with living rooms.
4.8. Ventilation of objects located in residential buildings must be autonomous. It is allowed to connect the exhaust ventilation of public premises that do not have harmful emissions to the general exhaust system of a residential building.
4.9. Exhaust ventilation shafts must protrude above the ridge of the roof or flat roof to a height of at least 1 m.
4.10. The concentration of chemicals in the air of residential premises when buildings are put into operation should not exceed the average daily maximum permissible concentrations (hereinafter - MACs) of pollutants established for the atmospheric air of populated areas, and in the absence of average daily MACs, not exceed the maximum one-time MACs or estimated safe exposure levels ( hereinafter referred to as OBUV).
V. Hygienic requirements for natural and artificial lighting and insolation
5.1. Living rooms and kitchens of residential buildings must have natural lighting through light openings in the external building envelope.
5.2. The coefficient of natural illumination (hereinafter - KEO) in living rooms and kitchens must be at least 0.5%.
5.3. With one-sided side lighting in residential buildings, the standard value of KEO must be ensured at the design point located at the intersection of the vertical plane of the characteristic section of the room and the floor plane at a distance of 1 m from the wall farthest from the light openings: in one room - for one-, two- and three-room apartments, and two rooms for four- and five-room apartments. In the remaining rooms of multi-room apartments and in the kitchen, the standard value of KEO for side lighting should be ensured at the design point located in the center of the room on the floor plane.
5.4. All premises of residential buildings must be provided with general and local artificial lighting.
5.5. Illumination on landings, staircases, elevator lobbies, floor corridors, lobbies, basements and attics should be at least 20 lux on the floor.
5.6. Above each main entrance to a residential building, lamps must be installed that provide illumination at the entrance site of at least 6 lux for a horizontal surface and at least 10 lux for a vertical surface at a height of 2.0 m from the floor. Lighting of the pedestrian path at the entrance to the building should also be provided.
5.7. Residential premises and adjacent areas must be provided with insolation in accordance with the hygienic requirements for insolation and sun protection of premises of residential and public buildings.
5.8. The normalized duration of continuous insolation for premises of residential buildings is established for certain calendar periods differentially depending on the type of apartments, the functional purpose of the premises, planning zones of the city and the geographical latitude of the area:
For the northern zone (north of 58° N) - at least 2.5 hours a day from April 22 to August 22;
For the central zone (58° N - 48° N) - at least 2.0 hours per day from March 22 to September 22;
For the southern zone (south of 48° N) - at least 1.5 hours per day from February 22 to October 22.
5.9. The standard duration of insolation must be provided in no less than one room of 1-3-room apartments and no less than two rooms of 4 or more room apartments.
5.10. Intermittent duration of insolation is allowed, in which one of the periods must be at least 1 hour. In this case, the total duration of normalized insolation should increase by 0.5 hours, respectively, for each zone.
5.12. For residential buildings located in the northern and central zones, it is allowed to reduce the duration of insolation by 0.5 hours in the following cases:
In two-room and three-room apartments, where at least two rooms are insulated;
In four and multi-room apartments, where at least three rooms are insulated;
During the reconstruction of residential buildings located in the central and historical zones of cities, defined by their master development plans.
5.13. On children's playgrounds and sports grounds located in the local area, the duration of insolation should be at least 3 hours on 50% of the sites, regardless of geographic latitude.
VI. Hygienic requirements for levels of noise, vibration, ultrasound and infrasound, electric and electromagnetic fields and ionizing radiation in residential buildings
6.1. Acceptable noise levels
6.1.1. Permissible noise levels, as well as requirements for their measurement in residential premises, must comply with hygienic requirements for noise levels in workplaces, in residential and public buildings and in residential areas.
6.1.2. Permissible sound pressure levels in octave frequency bands, equivalent and maximum sound levels of penetrating noise into residential buildings should be taken in accordance with these sanitary rules.
6.1.3. The permissible noise levels generated in the premises of buildings by ventilation systems and other engineering and technological equipment installed for the life support of the building should be taken 5 dBA lower (adjustment minus (-) 5 dBA) specified in these sanitary rules.
6.1.5. For residential buildings with windows facing highways, when the noise level is above the maximum permissible level, it is necessary to provide noise protection measures.
6.1.6. Noise levels during the operation of engineering and technological equipment installed in public premises (commercial, refrigeration equipment, sound-reproducing equipment) should not exceed the maximum permissible noise and vibration levels established for residential premises.
6.2. Permissible vibration levels
6.2.1. Permissible vibration levels, as well as requirements for their measurement in residential premises, must meet the hygienic requirements for levels of industrial vibration, vibration in residential and public buildings.
6.2.2. When measuring non-constant vibrations (the levels of vibration velocity and vibration acceleration for which, when measured by the device on the “Slow” and “Lin” characteristics or correction “K” over a 10-minute period, changes by more than 6 dB), the equivalent corrected values of vibration velocity, vibration acceleration or their logarithmic levels. In this case, the maximum values of the measured vibration levels should not exceed the permissible values by more than 10 dB.
6.2.3. In the premises of residential buildings, vibration levels from internal and external sources should not exceed the values specified in these sanitary rules.
6.2.4. During the daytime, indoor vibration levels are allowed to exceed 5 dB.
6.2.5. For non-constant vibration, a correction of minus (-) 10 dB is introduced to the permissible levels given in the table, and the absolute values of vibration velocity and vibration acceleration are multiplied by 0.32.
6.3. Permissible levels of ultrasound and infrasound
6.3.1. Permissible levels of ultrasound, as well as the requirements for their measurement in residential premises, are regulated by the current hygienic requirements when working with sources of airborne and contact ultrasound for industrial, medical and domestic purposes.
6.3.2. Acceptable levels of constant infrasound are sound pressure levels in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies of 2, 4, 8, 16 Hz.
6.3.3. Permissible infrasound levels for residential buildings and in residential areas are given in these sanitary rules.
6.4. Acceptable levels of electromagnetic radiation
6.4.1. Permissible levels of electromagnetic radiation in the radio frequency range (30 kHz - 300 GHz)
6.4.1.1. The intensity of electromagnetic radiation in the radio frequency range (hereinafter referred to as RF EMR) in residential premises, including balconies and loggias (including intermittent and secondary radiation) from stationary transmitting radio engineering objects should not exceed the values given in these sanitary rules.
6.4.1.2. When simultaneous radiation from several RF EMR sources must be met, the following conditions must be met:
In cases where the same maximum permissible levels (hereinafter referred to as MPLs) are set for the radiation of all RF EMR sources:
Where
E n ( PPE n ) is the electric field strength (energy flux density) created at a given point by each RF EMR source;
E Remote control (PPE PDU) - permissible electric field strength (energy flux density).
In cases where different remote controls are installed for the emission of all RF EMR sources:
6.4.1.3. When installing antennas of transmitting radio engineering facilities on residential buildings, the intensity of RF EMR directly on the roofs of residential buildings may exceed the permissible levels established for the population, provided that persons who are not professionally associated with exposure to RF EMR are not allowed to stay on roofs while transmitters are operating. On the roofs where transmitting antennas are installed, there must be appropriate markings indicating the boundary where people are prohibited from staying when transmitters are operating.
6.4.1.4. Measurements of the radiation level should be carried out under the condition that the EMR source is operating at full power at points in the room closest to the source (on balconies, loggias, near windows), as well as at metal products located in the premises, which can be passive EMR repeaters and at full disconnected household appliances that are sources of RF EMR. The minimum distance to metal objects is determined by the operating instructions for the measuring instrument.
It is advisable to carry out RF EMR measurements in residential premises from external sources with open windows.
6.4.1.5. The requirements of these sanitary rules do not apply to electromagnetic effects of a random nature, as well as those created by mobile transmitting radio engineering objects.
6.4.1.6. The placement of all transmitting radio engineering facilities located in residential buildings, including amateur radio stations and radio stations operating in the 27 MHz range, is carried out in accordance with the hygienic requirements for the placement and operation of land mobile radio communications.
6.4.2. Permissible levels of electromagnetic radiation of industrial frequency 50 Hz
6.4.2.1. The electric field strength of industrial frequency 50 Hz in residential premises at a distance of 0.2 m from walls and windows and at a height of 0.5-1.8 m from the floor should not exceed 0.5 kV/m.
6.4.2.2. The induction of a magnetic field of industrial frequency 50 Hz in residential premises at a distance of 0.2 m from walls and windows and at a height of 0.5-1.5 m from the floor and should not exceed 5 μT (4 A/m).
6.4.2.3. Electric and magnetic fields of industrial frequency 50 Hz in residential premises are assessed with household appliances completely turned off, including local lighting devices. The electric field is assessed with the general lighting completely turned off, and the magnetic field with the general lighting completely turned on.
6.4.2.4. The electric field strength of industrial frequency 50 Hz in residential areas from overhead AC power lines and other objects should not exceed 1 kV/m at a height of 1.8 m from the ground surface.
6.5. Permissible levels of ionizing radiation
6.5.1. The effective dose rate of gamma radiation inside buildings should not exceed the dose rate in open areas by more than 0.2 μSv/hour.
6.5.2. Average annual equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of daughter products of radon and thoron in the indoor air of EROA
Rn +4.6EROA Tn should not exceed 100 Bq/m 3 for buildings under construction and reconstruction and 200 Bq/m 3 for those in operation.VII. Requirements for interior decoration of residential premises
7.1. The release of harmful chemicals from construction and finishing materials, as well as from materials used for the manufacture of built-in furniture, should not create concentrations in residential premises that exceed the standard levels established for the atmospheric air of populated areas.
7.2. The level of electrostatic field strength on the surface of building and finishing materials should not exceed 15 kV/m (at a relative air humidity of 30-60%).
7.3. The effective specific activity of natural radionuclides in building materials used in buildings under construction and reconstruction should not exceed 370 Bq/kg.
7.4. The coefficient of thermal activity of floors should be no more than 10 kcal/sq. m hour deg.
VIII. Requirements for engineering equipment
8.1. Requirements for water supply and sewerage
8.1.1. Residential buildings should provide drinking and hot water supply, as well as sewerage and drains.
In areas without centralized utility networks, it is allowed to provide for the construction of 1 and 2-story residential buildings with unsewered latrines.
In climatic regions I, II, III, with the exception of subdistrict IIIB, in 1 and 2-story buildings, warm non-sewered restrooms (backlash closets, etc.) are allowed within the heated part of the building.
8.1.2. Connecting drinking water supply networks with water supply networks supplying non-potable water is not permitted. The quality of tap water must meet the hygienic requirements for the water quality of centralized drinking water supply systems.
8.1.3. It is not allowed to connect the exhaust part of sewer risers with ventilation systems and chimneys. On domestic sewerage networks, the installation of inspection wells inside the building is not allowed.
8.2. Requirements for the disposal of household waste and garbage
8.2.1. If there is a garbage chute in a residential building, the hatches of the garbage chutes should be located on staircase landings. The covers of the loading valves of garbage chutes on staircases must have a tight seal, equipped with rubber gaskets. It is not allowed to place garbage chutes in the walls enclosing living rooms.
8.2.2. The garbage chute must be kept in good condition and equipped with devices that allow it to be cleaned, disinfected and disinfested.
8.2.3. The garbage collection chamber must be equipped with a water supply system, sewerage system and simple devices for mechanizing waste disposal, as well as an independent exhaust duct providing ventilation for the chamber, and be kept in good condition. The entrance to the waste collection chamber must be isolated from the entrance to the building and other premises. The entrance door must have a sealed door.
The location of the garbage collection chamber directly under or adjacent to living rooms is not allowed.
8.2.4. Containers and other containers intended for collecting household waste and garbage must be removed or emptied daily.
8.2.5. To install containers, a special area with a concrete or asphalt surface must be equipped, limited by a curb and green spaces (shrubs) around the perimeter and with an access road for vehicles.
The size of the sites should be designed to accommodate the installation of the required number of containers, but not more than 5. The distance from the containers to residential buildings, children's playgrounds, recreational and sports facilities should be at least 20 m, but not more than 100 m.
IX. Requirements for the maintenance of residential premises
9.1. When using residential buildings and premises it is not allowed:
Use of residential premises for purposes not provided for in the design documentation;
Storage and use in residential premises and public premises located in a residential building of hazardous chemicals that pollute the air;
Carrying out work that is a source of increased levels of noise, vibration, air pollution, or disrupts the living conditions of citizens in neighboring residential premises;
Littering, pollution and flooding of residential premises, basements and technical undergrounds, staircases and cages, attics.
9.2. When using residential premises, the following is required:
Timely take measures to eliminate malfunctions of engineering and other equipment located in residential premises (water supply, sewerage, ventilation, heating, waste disposal, elevator systems and others) that violate sanitary and hygienic living conditions;
Carry out measures aimed at preventing the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases associated with the sanitary condition of a residential building, to destroy insects and rodents (disinfestation and deratization).
Annex 1
Lighting standards for local areas
|
Illuminated areas of territories |
Average horizontal illumination at ground level, lux |
|
Transitional alleys and roads, bicycle paths |
|
|
Internal service and firefighting passages, sidewalks - entrances |
|
|
Parking lots, utility areas and waste disposal areas |
|
|
Walking paths |
|
|
Physical education grounds and playgrounds for children |
Appendix 2
Permissible norms of temperature, relative humidity and air speed in residential buildings
|
Name of premises |
Air temperature, °C |
Resulting temperature, °C |
Relative humidity, % |
Air speed, m/s |
|
Cold season |
||||
|
Living room |
18-24 |
17-23 |
||
|
The same, in the areas of the coldest five-day period (minus 31°C and below) |
20-24 |
19-23 |
||
|
Kitchen |
18-26 |
17-25 |
N/N* |
|
|
Toilet |
18-26 |
17-25 |
N/N |
|
|
Bathroom, combined toilet | ||||
"On approval of SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10"
In accordance with the Federal Law of March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, No. 14, Art. 1650; 2002, No. 1 (Part 1), Art. 2; 2003, No. 2, Art. 167; No. 27 (part 1), Art. 2700; 2004, No. 35, Art. 3607; 2005, No. 19, Art. 1752; 2006, No. 1, Art. 10; No. 52 (Part 1), Article 5498; 2007 No. 1 (Part 1), Article 21; No. 1 (Part 1), Article 29; No. 27, Article 3213; No. 46, Article 5554; No. 49, Article 6070; 2008, No. 24, Article 2801; No. 29 (Part 1), Article 3418; No. 30 (Part 2), Article 3616; No. 44, Article 4984; No. 52 (Part 1), Art. 6223; 2009, No. 1, Art. 17) and Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 24, 2000 No. 554 “On approval of the Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on State Sanitary and Epidemiological Standardization” ( Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, No. 31, Article 3295; 2004, No. 8, Article 663; No. 47, Article 4666; 2005, No. 39, Article 3953) I decide:
1. Approve sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises” ().
2. Put into effect the specified sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations from August 15, 2010.
G.G. Onishchenko
Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10
"Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises"
I. General provisions and scope
1.2. These sanitary rules establish mandatory sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises, which must be observed when placing, designing, reconstructing, constructing and operating residential buildings and premises intended for permanent residence.
1.3. The requirements of these sanitary rules do not apply to living conditions in buildings and premises of hotels, hostels, specialized homes for the disabled, orphanages, and rotational camps.
1.4. The sanitary rules are intended for citizens, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities whose activities are related to the design, construction, reconstruction and operation of residential buildings and premises, as well as for bodies authorized to carry out state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
1.5. Monitoring compliance with the requirements of these sanitary rules is carried out by bodies authorized to carry out state sanitary and epidemiological supervision in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
II. Hygienic requirements for the site and territory of residential buildings when placing them
2.1. Residential buildings must be located in a residential area in accordance with the general plan of the territory, the functional zoning of the territory of the city, town and other populated areas.
2.2. The area allocated for residential buildings must:
Be located outside the territory of industrial-municipal, sanitary-protection zones of enterprises, structures and other objects, the first zone of the sanitary protection zone of water supply sources and drinking water pipelines;
Meet the requirements for the content of chemical and biological substances potentially hazardous to humans, biological and microbiological organisms in the soil, the quality of atmospheric air, the level of ionizing radiation, physical factors (noise, infrasound, vibration, electromagnetic fields) in accordance with the sanitary legislation of the Russian Federation.
2.3. The land plot allocated for the construction of a residential building must provide for the possibility of organizing a local area with clear functional zoning and placement of recreation areas, playgrounds, sports areas, utility areas, guest parking for vehicles, and green spaces.
2.4. When landscaping the local area of residential buildings, it is necessary to take into account that the distance from the walls of residential buildings to the axis of tree trunks with a crown with a diameter of up to 5 m should be at least 5 m. For larger trees, the distance should be more than 5 m, for shrubs - 1.5 m The height of the bushes should not exceed the lower edge of the window opening of the premises on the first floor.
2.5. There should be no transit traffic on the internal driveways of the local area. Access to waste disposal sites must be provided for special vehicles.
2.6. Distances between residential, residential and public, as well as industrial buildings should be taken in accordance with the hygienic requirements for insolation and sun protection of residential and public buildings and territories.
2.7. When placing residential buildings, it is planned to provide them with utility networks (electric lighting, drinking and hot water supply, heating and ventilation, and in gasified areas - gas supply).
2.8. On land plots, entrances and passages to each building must be provided. Places for parking or garages for cars must comply with the hygienic requirements for sanitary protection zones and the sanitary classification of enterprises, buildings and other objects.
In local areas, it is prohibited to wash cars, drain fuel and oils, or adjust sound signals, brakes and engines.
2.9. Areas in front of house entrances, driveways and pedestrian paths must have hard surfaces. When installing hard surfaces, the possibility of free drainage of melt and storm water must be provided.
2.10. In the courtyards of residential buildings it is prohibited to place any trade and public catering establishments, including tents, kiosks, stalls, mini-markets, pavilions, summer cafes, industrial facilities, small repair enterprises for cars, household appliances, shoes, as well as parking lots of public organizations.
2.11. Cleaning of the territory should be carried out daily, including in the warm season - watering the territory, in winter - de-icing measures (removal, sprinkling with sand, de-icing reagents, etc.).
2.12. The courtyard areas of residential buildings should be illuminated in the evening. Lighting standards are given in these sanitary rules.
III. Hygienic requirements for residential premises and public premises located in residential buildings
3.1. Placing residential premises in apartments on the ground and basement floors is not permitted.
3.2. In residential buildings, the placement of public premises, engineering equipment and communications is allowed, subject to compliance with hygienic standards for noise, infrasound, vibration, and electromagnetic fields.
In the basement and ground floors of such residential buildings, it is allowed to install built-in and built-in-attached parking lots for cars and motorcycles, provided that the ceilings are air-tight and equipped with a device for removing exhaust gases from vehicles.
3.3. Public premises built into residential buildings must have entrances isolated from the residential part of the building.
3.4. The placement of industrial production in residential premises is not allowed.
3.5. When placing parking garages under residential buildings, it is necessary to separate them from the residential part of the building by a non-residential floor. Placing premises for working with children and premises for medical and preventive purposes above garages is not permitted.
3.6. In residential buildings of any number of floors on the first, ground or basement floors, a storage room should be provided for storing cleaning equipment, equipped with a sink. It is allowed to install storage rooms with an area of at least 3 m2/person. for residents of the house: household, for storing vegetables, as well as for solid fuel. In this case, the exit from the floor where the storage rooms are located must be isolated from the residential part. Laying sewer networks in utility storerooms is prohibited.
3.7. Public premises built into residential buildings must have entrances isolated from the residential part of the building, while parking areas for personnel vehicles must be located outside the local area.
Loading materials and products for public premises from the courtyard of a residential building, where windows and entrances to apartments are located, is not allowed. Loading should be done: from the ends of residential buildings that do not have windows; from underground tunnels or closed landing stages; from the highways.
Loading rooms may not be installed if the area of built-in public premises is up to 150 m2.
3.8. The following is not allowed in apartments:
The location of bathrooms and toilets directly above the living rooms and kitchens, with the exception of two-level apartments, in which it is allowed to place a toilet and a bath (or shower) directly above the kitchen;
Fastening devices and pipelines of sanitary units directly to the enclosing structures of the living room, inter-apartment walls and partitions, as well as to their extensions outside the living rooms.
3.9. It is not allowed to arrange an entrance to a room equipped with a toilet directly from the kitchen and living rooms, with the exception of the entrance from the bedroom to the combined bathroom, provided that there is a second room in the apartment, equipped with a toilet, with an entrance to it from the corridor or hall.
3.10. Residential buildings with a height of more than five floors must be equipped with elevators (freight and passenger). When equipping a house with elevators, the dimensions of one of the cabins must ensure the possibility of transporting a person on a stretcher or wheelchair.
3.11. It is not allowed to place an engine room and elevator shafts, a garbage collection chamber, a garbage chute shaft and a device for cleaning and washing it, or an electrical panel room above or below living rooms, as well as adjacent to them.
IV. Hygienic requirements for heating, ventilation, microclimate and indoor air environment
4.1. Heating and ventilation systems must ensure acceptable microclimate and indoor air conditions. Acceptable microclimate parameters in residential buildings are given in these sanitary rules.
4.2. Heating systems must ensure uniform heating of the air in the premises throughout the entire heating period, do not create odors, do not pollute the indoor air with harmful substances released during operation, do not create additional noise, and must be accessible for routine repairs and maintenance.
4.3. The difference between the indoor air temperature and the temperature of the wall surfaces should not exceed 3°C; the difference between the air temperature of the premises and the floor should not exceed 2°C.
4.4. Heating devices must be easily accessible for cleaning. For water heating, the surface temperature of heating devices should not exceed 90°C. For devices with a heating surface temperature of more than 75°C, it is necessary to provide protective barriers.
4.5. The premises of the first floors of residential buildings located in climatic region I must have heating systems for uniform heating of the floor surface.
4.6. The installation of autonomous boiler houses for heat supply to residential buildings is permitted subject to compliance with hygienic requirements for the quality of atmospheric air in populated areas, hygienic standards for noise and vibration.
4.7. Natural ventilation of residential premises should be carried out by air flow through vents, transoms, or through special openings in window sashes and ventilation ducts. Duct exhaust openings should be provided in kitchens, bathrooms, toilets and drying cabinets.
The design of the ventilation system must prevent the flow of air from one apartment to another.
It is not allowed to combine the ventilation ducts of kitchens and sanitary facilities with living rooms.
4.8. Ventilation of objects located in residential buildings must be autonomous. It is allowed to connect the exhaust ventilation of public premises that do not have harmful emissions to the general exhaust system of a residential building.
4.9. Exhaust ventilation shafts must protrude above the ridge of the roof or flat roof to a height of at least 1 m.
4.10. The concentration of chemicals in the air of residential premises when buildings are put into operation should not exceed the average daily maximum permissible concentrations (hereinafter - MACs) of pollutants established for the atmospheric air of populated areas, and in the absence of average daily MACs, not exceed the maximum one-time MACs or estimated safe exposure levels ( hereinafter referred to as OBUV).
V. Hygienic requirements for natural and artificial lighting and insolation
5.1. Living rooms and kitchens of residential buildings must have natural lighting through light openings in the external building envelope.
5.2. The coefficient of natural illumination (hereinafter - KEO) in living rooms and kitchens must be at least 0.5%.
5.3. With one-sided side lighting in residential buildings, the standard value of KEO must be ensured at the design point located at the intersection of the vertical plane of the characteristic section of the room and the floor plane at a distance of 1 m from the wall farthest from the light openings: in one room - for one-, two- and three-room apartments, and two rooms for four- and five-room apartments. In the remaining rooms of multi-room apartments and in the kitchen, the standard value of KEO for side lighting should be ensured at the design point located in the center of the room on the floor plane.
5.4. All premises of residential buildings must be provided with general and local artificial lighting.
5.5. Illumination on landings, staircases, elevator lobbies, floor corridors, lobbies, basements and attics should be at least 20 lux on the floor.
5.6. Above each main entrance to a residential building, lamps must be installed that provide illumination at the entrance site of at least 6 lux for a horizontal surface and at least 10 lux for a vertical surface at a height of 2.0 m from the floor. Lighting of the pedestrian path at the entrance to the building should also be provided.
5.7. Residential premises and adjacent areas must be provided with insolation in accordance with the hygienic requirements for insolation and sun protection of premises of residential and public buildings.
5.8. The normalized duration of continuous insolation for premises of residential buildings is established for certain calendar periods differentially depending on the type of apartments, the functional purpose of the premises, planning zones of the city and the geographical latitude of the area:
For the central zone (58° N - 48° N) - at least 2.0 hours per day from March 22 to September 22;
5.9. The standard duration of insolation must be provided in no less than one room of 1-3-room apartments and no less than two rooms of 4 or more room apartments.
5.10. Intermittent duration of insolation is allowed, in which one of the periods must be at least 1 hour. In this case, the total duration of normalized insolation should increase by 0.5 hours, respectively, for each zone.
5.12. For residential buildings located in the northern and central zones, it is allowed to reduce the duration of insolation by 0.5 hours in the following cases:
In two-room and three-room apartments, where at least two rooms are insulated;
In four and multi-room apartments, where at least three rooms are insulated;
During the reconstruction of residential buildings located in the central and historical zones of cities, defined by their master development plans.
5.13. On children's playgrounds and sports grounds located in the local area, the duration of insolation should be at least 3 hours on 50% of the sites, regardless of geographic latitude.
VI. Hygienic requirements for levels of noise, vibration, ultrasound and infrasound, electric and electromagnetic fields and ionizing radiation in residential buildings
6.1. Acceptable noise levels
6.1.1. Permissible noise levels, as well as requirements for their measurement in residential premises, must comply with hygienic requirements for noise levels in workplaces, in residential and public buildings and in residential areas.
6.1.2. Permissible sound pressure levels in octave frequency bands, equivalent and maximum sound levels of penetrating noise into residential buildings should be taken in accordance with these sanitary rules.
6.1.3. The permissible noise levels generated in the premises of buildings by ventilation systems and other engineering and technological equipment installed for the life support of the building should be taken 5 dBA lower (adjustment minus (-) 5 dBA) specified in these sanitary rules.
6.1.5. For residential buildings with windows facing highways, when the noise level is above the maximum permissible level, it is necessary to provide noise protection measures.
6.1.6. Noise levels during the operation of engineering and technological equipment installed in public premises (commercial, refrigeration equipment, sound-reproducing equipment) should not exceed the maximum permissible noise and vibration levels established for residential premises.
6.2. Permissible vibration levels
6.2.1. Permissible vibration levels, as well as requirements for their measurement in residential premises, must meet the hygienic requirements for levels of industrial vibration, vibration in residential and public buildings.
6.2.2. When measuring non-constant vibrations (the levels of vibration velocity and vibration acceleration for which, when measured by the device on the “Slow” and “Lin” characteristics or correction “K” over a 10-minute period, changes by more than 6 dB), the equivalent corrected values of vibration velocity, vibration acceleration or their logarithmic levels. In this case, the maximum values of the measured vibration levels should not exceed the permissible values by more than 10 dB.
6.2.3. In the premises of residential buildings, vibration levels from internal and external sources should not exceed the values specified in these sanitary rules.
6.2.4. During the daytime, indoor vibration levels are allowed to exceed 5 dB.
6.2.5. For non-constant vibration, a correction of minus (-) 10 dB is introduced to the permissible levels given in the table, and the absolute values of vibration velocity and vibration acceleration are multiplied by 0.32.
6.3. Permissible levels of ultrasound and infrasound
6.3.1. Permissible levels of ultrasound, as well as the requirements for their measurement in residential premises, are regulated by the current hygienic requirements when working with sources of airborne and contact ultrasound for industrial, medical and domestic purposes.
6.3.2. Acceptable levels of constant infrasound are sound pressure levels in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies of 2, 4, 8, 16 Hz.
6.3.3. Permissible infrasound levels for residential buildings and in residential areas are given in these sanitary rules.
6.4. Acceptable levels of electromagnetic radiation
6.4.1. Permissible levels of electromagnetic radiation in the radio frequency range (30 kHz - 300 GHz)
6.4.1.1. The intensity of electromagnetic radiation in the radio frequency range (hereinafter referred to as RF EMR) in residential premises, including balconies and loggias (including intermittent and secondary radiation) from stationary transmitting radio engineering objects should not exceed the values given in these sanitary rules.
6.4.1.2. When simultaneous radiation from several RF EMR sources must be met, the following conditions must be met:
In cases where the same maximum permissible levels (hereinafter referred to as MPLs) are set for the radiation of all RF EMR sources:
E n( PPE n) is the electric field strength (energy flux density) created at a given point by each RF EMR source;
E remote control( PPE PDU) - permissible electric field strength (energy flux density).
In cases where different remote controls are installed for the emission of all RF EMR sources:
6.4.1.3. When installing antennas of transmitting radio engineering facilities on residential buildings, the intensity of RF EMR directly on the roofs of residential buildings may exceed the permissible levels established for the population, provided that persons who are not professionally associated with exposure to RF EMR are not allowed to stay on roofs while transmitters are operating. On the roofs where transmitting antennas are installed, there must be appropriate markings indicating the boundary where people are prohibited from staying when transmitters are operating.
6.4.1.4. Measurements of the radiation level should be carried out under the condition that the EMR source is operating at full power at points in the room closest to the source (on balconies, loggias, near windows), as well as at metal products located in the premises, which can be passive EMR repeaters and at full disconnected household appliances that are sources of RF EMR. The minimum distance to metal objects is determined by the operating instructions for the measuring instrument.
It is advisable to carry out RF EMR measurements in residential premises from external sources with open windows.
6.4.1.5. The requirements of these sanitary rules do not apply to electromagnetic effects of a random nature, as well as those created by mobile transmitting radio engineering objects.
6.4.1.6. The placement of all transmitting radio engineering facilities located in residential buildings, including amateur radio stations and radio stations operating in the 27 MHz range, is carried out in accordance with the hygienic requirements for the placement and operation of land mobile radio communications.
6.4.2. Permissible levels of electromagnetic radiation of industrial frequency 50 Hz
6.4.2.1. The electric field strength of industrial frequency 50 Hz in residential premises at a distance of 0.2 m from walls and windows and at a height of 0.5-1.8 m from the floor should not exceed 0.5 kV/m.
6.4.2.2. The induction of a magnetic field of industrial frequency 50 Hz in residential premises at a distance of 0.2 m from walls and windows and at a height of 0.5-1.5 m from the floor and should not exceed 5 μT (4 A/m).
6.4.2.3. Electric and magnetic fields of industrial frequency 50 Hz in residential premises are assessed with household appliances completely turned off, including local lighting devices. The electric field is assessed with the general lighting completely turned off, and the magnetic field with the general lighting completely turned on.
6.4.2.4. The electric field strength of industrial frequency 50 Hz in residential areas from overhead AC power lines and other objects should not exceed 1 kV/m at a height of 1.8 m from the ground surface.
6.5. Permissible levels of ionizing radiation
6.5.1. The effective dose rate of gamma radiation inside buildings should not exceed the dose rate in open areas by more than 0.2 μSv/hour.
6.5.2. The average annual equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of daughter products of radon and thoron in indoor air EROARn+4,6EROATn should not exceed 100 Bq/m3 for buildings under construction and reconstruction and 200 Bq/m3 for those in operation.
VII. Requirements for interior decoration of residential premises
7.1. The release of harmful chemicals from construction and finishing materials, as well as from materials used for the manufacture of built-in furniture, should not create concentrations in residential premises that exceed the standard levels established for the atmospheric air of populated areas.
7.2. The level of electrostatic field strength on the surface of building and finishing materials should not exceed 15 kV/m (at a relative air humidity of 30-60%).
7.3. The effective specific activity of natural radionuclides in building materials used in buildings under construction and reconstruction should not exceed 370 Bq/kg.
7.4. The coefficient of thermal activity of floors should be no more than 10 kcal/sq. m hour deg.
VIII. Requirements for engineering equipment
8.1. Requirements for water supply and sewerage
8.1.1. Residential buildings should provide drinking and hot water supply, as well as sewerage and drains.
In areas without centralized utility networks, it is allowed to provide for the construction of 1 and 2-story residential buildings with unsewered latrines.
In climatic regions I, II, III, with the exception of subdistrict IIIB, in 1 and 2-story buildings, warm non-sewered restrooms (backlash closets, etc.) are allowed within the heated part of the building.
8.1.2. Connecting drinking water supply networks with water supply networks supplying non-potable water is not permitted. The quality of tap water must meet the hygienic requirements for the water quality of centralized drinking water supply systems.
8.1.3. It is not allowed to connect the exhaust part of sewer risers with ventilation systems and chimneys. On domestic sewerage networks, the installation of inspection wells inside the building is not allowed.
8.2. Requirements for the disposal of household waste and garbage
8.2.1. If there is a garbage chute in a residential building, the hatches of the garbage chutes should be located on staircase landings. The covers of the loading valves of garbage chutes on staircases must have a tight seal, equipped with rubber gaskets. It is not allowed to place garbage chutes in the walls enclosing living rooms.
8.2.2. The garbage chute must be kept in good condition and equipped with devices that allow it to be cleaned, disinfected and disinfested.
8.2.3. The garbage collection chamber must be equipped with a water supply system, sewerage system and simple devices for mechanizing waste disposal, as well as an independent exhaust duct providing ventilation for the chamber, and be kept in good condition. The entrance to the waste collection chamber must be isolated from the entrance to the building and other premises. The entrance door must have a sealed door.
The location of the garbage collection chamber directly under or adjacent to living rooms is not allowed.
8.2.4. Containers and other containers intended for collecting household waste and garbage must be removed or emptied daily.
8.2.5. To install containers, a special area with a concrete or asphalt surface must be equipped, limited by a curb and green spaces (shrubs) around the perimeter and with an access road for vehicles.
The size of the sites should be designed to accommodate the installation of the required number of containers, but not more than 5. The distance from the containers to residential buildings, children's playgrounds, recreational and sports facilities should be at least 20 m, but not more than 100 m.
IX. Requirements for the maintenance of residential premises
9.1. When using residential buildings and premises it is not allowed:
Use of residential premises for purposes not provided for in the design documentation;
Storage and use in residential premises and public premises located in a residential building of hazardous chemicals that pollute the air;
Carrying out work that is a source of increased levels of noise, vibration, air pollution, or disrupts the living conditions of citizens in neighboring residential premises;
Littering, pollution and flooding of residential premises, basements and technical undergrounds, staircases and cages, attics.
9.2. When using residential premises, the following is required:
Timely take measures to eliminate malfunctions of engineering and other equipment located in residential premises (water supply, sewerage, ventilation, heating, waste disposal, elevator systems and others) that violate sanitary and hygienic living conditions;
Carry out measures aimed at preventing the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases associated with the sanitary condition of a residential building, to destroy insects and rodents (disinfestation and deratization).
Annex 1
Lighting standards for local areas
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Illuminated areas of territories |
Average horizontal illumination at ground level, lux |
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Transitional alleys and roads, bicycle paths |
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Internal service and firefighting passages, sidewalks - entrances |
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Parking lots, utility areas and waste disposal areasThe same, in the areas of the coldest five-day period (minus 31°C and below) |
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Bathroom, combined toilet |
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Inter-apartment corridor |
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Lobby, staircase |
Sound levels La and equivalent sound levels LAeq., dBA |
Maximum sound levels LAmax, dBA |
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Living rooms |
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| Name of premises 300 MHz -300 GHz | ||||||||||||
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Residential premises (including balconies and loggias) |
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* for cases of exposure from antennas operating in all-round viewing mode with a radiation pattern rotation frequency of no more than 1 Hz and a rotation duty cycle of at least 20.