Boyler in a private house: Basic requirements and standards of arrangement. The landowner's house, as he was arranged, appearance and internal arrangement

The task of this material is to clarify what the layout should be in a private house, give you an idea of \u200b\u200bwhich space should be assigned to one or another room, and which rooms are better not to use at all. All this will be done using the example of each individual room.

What should be an entrance hall

When a person enters the house, he sees the hallway. Here, an important role is played by the Method of this room (this is clearly not a full-fledged room). If the entrance hall and other rooms are dressed with the help of a corridor leading to the rest of the rooms, then there is enough space for the hallway 4 - 6 m².

In the event that the hallway and the corridor are combined next to the living room or a bathroom, then under the clothes and shoes will be required more square so that guests (and the hosts) can freely divide / walk and dress / go.

Living room design

The best option - along the hallway from the hallway you can go straight into the living room. This contributes to the free orientation of guests in the house, and makes the layout more simple. The value of the living room area can vary from 15 to 30 m², it all depends on how big the house is. On this area, you can safely accommodate 5 guests, and even more.

The living room should be shut-off on the side that the sun shines, due to the fact that it is a daytime room for which it is important daylight. In addition, the living room and bathroom must be located as close as possible to each other so that the guests do not have to look for a toilet.

The optimal size of the bathroom

If there is enough area, it is better to stop at the option of separate bathroom. This will allow a person to go to the toilet without waiting for the bathroom while freeing the bathroom. In the case of a combined bathroom, the bathroom (or shower cabin) should be cleaned, for which the sliding partition is used.

In a separate bathroom, there is enough space for the toilet in a couple of m², there is no need for a lot of space. And the bath is planned in accordance with the whims of the owner. If you want the bathroom itself is big (about 2 - 4 m²), then the room should be 8-10 m² taking into account the washbasin. For a small house, it is enough of 6 m². The bathroom arrangement is performed from the shadow side of the construction.

If you plan to build a two-storey house, and if there are funds, then a good option - arrangement of the second bathroom on the territory of the second floor. However, the bathrooms should be located one above one, so as not to suffer with communication pipes.

Bedroom size

This room should be located on the sides of the sun. Windows must be located in such a way that the sun does not fall into the room in the morning. The bedroom can be from 12 to 20 m², again, it's all the case in the magnitude of the construction.

In the two-story house, the bedroom is preferably equipped at the top. After all, the bedroom is a personal space. However, if the bedroom is done for the elderly, it is better to place it on the territory of the first floor.

Kitchen, dining room

The kitchen and dining room are well combined, if it is highlighted a slightly large area for this. For example, a room from 12 to 16 m² is quite suitable for the kitchen - the dining room. With a separate layout of these rooms, the spacious kitchen will take about 10 m², and the dining room fit on 8 m².

In fact, the location of the kitchen and the dining room on the territory of the house, subject to sufficient lighting, can be any. However, there is one condition - the farther from the kitchen there is a bedroom, the better. The kitchen and bedroom premises are poorly combined with each other.

In addition, the kitchen is better located closer to the bathroom and the toilet, because it is so possible to save on the length of the water pipeline.

Simple free home planning program

With the help of a simple program, you can easily make the design and layout of the rooms at home to your taste. In the form of a lesson, it is told how to download from the official website of the 3D planner, and how to use it (an example of the planning and calculation of the size of the house from scratch) is considered.

Planning rooms in private house video

Comfortable accommodation in a private house is impossible without such benefits of civilization as hot water and. But to get them, you need to make a lot of effort. Especially if you plan to make your home completely autonomous - in this case, it is not necessary to do without a special boiler, where heating and water storage devices will be. The correct arrangement of this room is a pledge of not only competently functioning engineering networks, but also your safety, so then we propose to understand which requirements are put forward to the organization of boiler room: dimensions, equipment placement rates, connection schemes - to your attention theoretical assistant and photos.

To begin with, we will deal with definitions. Under the boiler room is meant the technical room with a whole complex of special equipment, which is intended for the organization of hot water supply in the house. In parallel, the same complex is responsible for heating. That is why the room, taking into account its multifunctionality, it is more expedient to call the boiler room, although both names are common. There are three variations in the location of the boiler.

• The first is inside the house: in a mixer or basement, or in the remote room of the first floor.
• The second is in a special extension: the boiler room is attached close to the house, mainly from the side of the bathroom.

For boiler, you need to highlight a separate room

• Third - in a detached building: the heating system is equipped in a separate structure, which connects to the main home with the help of communications.

Council. The recommended option is the location of the boiler-boiler room - in a detached building: due to the remoteness of technical equipment from residential rooms Households ensures maximum safety and comfort.

Equipment of boiler room

Uninterrupted operation of the boiler-boiler room, and accordingly, the provision of home hot water and heating is impossible without a whole set of special devices and elements of communications. The required component of the system includes:

• The boiler is the main heat generator. It is here that the coolant is heated, which is subsequently served in the boiler and heating devices. Based on the source of heat, boilers are divided into five types: electrical, gas, solid fuel, liquid and combined.
• Boiler - tank water heater. Inside the capacitance is a tube on which a hot heat carrier moves - it transmits heat water in the boiler, thereby heating it to the required temperature.
• Distribution manifold - pump, hydraulic distributor and comb. This node provides distribution and uninterrupted circulation of the coolant for all elements of the working system.
• Hydroaccumulator is an expansion tank: compensates for an increase in pressure during the heating of the working coolant.
• Security devices - air vent, safety reinforcement, pressure gauge: protect the system from excess air and overpressure.

Equipment of boiler room

• Automation - various kinds of electronic devices that are designed for well-coordinated control of all components of the heating and water supply system.
• Chimney - a discharge pipe: displays the products of the combustion of working fuel to the external environment. In the chimney there is no sharp need only if the boiler room is operated.
• A set of shut-off reinforcement intended for the operational overlap of the coolant movement in case of emergency situations.

Basic boiler requirements

All requirements for the arrangement of the boiler boiler can be divided into two categories: relating to the room itself and equipment. Let's start with the first.

The boiler must have a large area - at least 6 sq.m. The minimum size of the room is 15 cubic meters. The height of the ceilings should be 2.5 m or more. These requirements are due not only to security measures, but also by the convenience of servicing the heating system and DHW - it is important to provide free access to all pipes and instruments.

The walls of the boiler are performed only from fire-resistant materials - concrete or bricks. Paul - from concrete. For finishing cladding both walls and gender it is recommended to use relief tile tile. A permissible alternative for the walls is the mineral plaster of the non-combustible group. If the boiler room is shutdled directly to the house or in an extension to it, it must be separated from the neighboring residential premises with reflective walls from a material with a zero limit of the spread of fire. The door of the boiler-boiler should be refractory. It is recommended that it opens out.

Important! To the boiler, it is necessary to bring the sewage pipe - it is necessary for the unimpeded removal of emergency drain.

A ventilation system should be organized in the boiler. If there is no possibility to establish special fans, you should take care of natural ventilation - to make a hole 15x20 cm in the upper zone of the room.

equipment requirements

By installing equipment in a boiler-boiler room, you should remember the following rules:

• There should be no more than two heating boilers in the room.
• The minimum distance between large devices (boilers and boilers) is 70 cm.

Hold the minimum distances when installing devices

• Neither the heating boiler nor a boiler should not be close to the surface of the walls - between the devices and the walls must be free space.
• If the boiler room is located on the first floor of the house, the total power of the system equipment should not be higher than 150-200 kW, and if in the extension, in the mixer or in the basement - 350 kW. In the case of boilerrs in individual buildings such rigorous norms are not provided.
• Electric wiring must be closed. The optimal option is to hide it into special pipes made of steel.
• Luminaires should be closed with metal mesh housings.

As you can see, the arrangement of the boiler, or the boiler room, in a private house requires compliance with the set of norms - ranging from the dimensions of the technical room and ending with it with equipment. Violation of these requirements is fraught with large troubles, so consider all the nuances if you want to get a truly efficient and safe system of heating and water supply of your home.

Boiler room in a private house: video

how appearanceSo and the internal arrangement and the location of any landlord house so much depends on personal tastes and views, and often from the material of the owner, which is absolutely impossible to bring such houses to any common, quite established, type.

Having a preventive house in a given area, it should be paid to significant attention to the fact that it stands in the possibility of beautiful and that the main facade of it has been facing, if you can, east or southeast, than the absence of the sun in the second, faster, half of the summer day.

The houses addressed by the main facade and the terrace to the north are always a few gloomy character, but have in the southern climate the advantage of greater cooler.

The terrain should be dry and healthy, which has a nearby pond or a river, where you could arrange a bath.

Our certificate

* (SAZH.) Syazhen is an old-circuit unit of distance measurement.
In the XVII century, there was a cassenaya sage, equal to 2.16 m, and containing three ARSHIN by 16 vershs (72 cm).
From October 11, 1835, according to Nikolai I "On the Russian measures and scales system", the length of the plant was equal to the length of 7 English feet, that is, exactly 2.1336 meters.

With the introduction in 1924 in the USSR, the metric measures was made of consumption.

1 sage \u003d 7 English feet \u003d 84 inches \u003d 2,1336 meters

1 sage \u003d 1/500 versts \u003d 3 ARSHINA \u003d 12 span \u003d 48 vershkov

So continue:

Every more or less spacious and comfortable apartment Must consists of sliding rooms: front, cabinet, hall, living room, dining room, buffet, bedroom, boudoir, children's, services for servants and guests, kitchen and waterclosure.

All these rooms should not only have enough value, but also to be located most conveniently. The usuality of the inhabitants of the house is relatively small, and therefore the necessary volume of rooms often do not pay attention completely. But, bearing in mind that, in addition to the permanent inhabitants, guests can sometimes be present in the house, the size of such rooms such as the office, hall, living room and dining room can always be constructed, it is with these the largest number of individuals who fit them.

Theoretically, the required volume of rooms is 5 cubic meters. SAZ. On a person should be strictly observed only in bedrooms and children. And the rest of the rooms, in view of the chance of overflowing with people, this volume can be limited to 2-3 even 1.5 cubic meters. SAZ. per person. The height of the rooms should not be less than 5 Arshin.

In general, all the premises of this apartment must be located so that there are few passing rooms as possible.
An exception is a hall, and sometimes a living room. In any case, it is necessary to arrange the rooms so that the inner residential chambers are communicated between them, bypassing the hall and living room to the kitchen and the waterclosure were well isolated from the rest of the rooms and, finally, always have two completely independent exit, black and front.

All these conditions are only better achieved by the reasonable use of the centralmost front, or the central corridor device.

Consider sequentially the size and location of all rooms separately.

Front room

The size of the hallway itself is converted with the greatest number of people who will have to leave the upper dress in it. It is possible to put it with the accuracy that to avoid ticks, 0.12 to 0.13 square meters is required. SAZ. Square floor of the hallway for each person.

Considering that on 1 row foot, hangers with three rows of hooks, you can arrange a dress of approximately 4 people, we obtain the necessary length of the hangers, and, therefore, the free walls of the hallway, about which these hangers are located.

If the hangers are incurred across, then we can assume that they require about 0.02 square meters for their free accommodation. Sazhena per person.

The only disadvantage of central hosts and corridors is the inconvenience of their lighting, which can be achieved only with the help of glass doors overlooking the hallway or specially arranged windows from the neighboring rooms.

With favorable climatic conditions in the upper floors, a good service for illumination of corridors, and in general rooms, can serve glass lanterns, built on the roof.

Cabinet

Further increase in the cabinet is rather required luxury than necessity.

The office must be removed from the children's or dining room and communicates with the doors with the front and if possible with the hall, which in this case can sometimes play the role of the reception.

Library

In any case, the library should not be less than 4 square meters. SAZ. In addition to the bookcases in it, it was possible to put in the middle of the table and the necessary furniture.

Hall, living room and boudois

Anflad location is beautiful and convenient in the sense of furniture. As for the sizes of these rooms, the following can be said about them.

The hall is calculated by the number of dancing couples, believing 1,5-1.75 square meters each of them. SAZ. Paul, including here and furniture. In general, the hall should not be done less than 12-15 square meters. SAZ. (for 20 pairs), giving him a depth of 4 soot.

Living room

In the living room, as well as in the office, fireplaces are very appropriate, and the location of them in the corner or the transverse short wall is achieved a smaller constraint of the room.

Dining room

If the walls are located any stages or buffets, then the width must be increased accordingly for free movement around the desk with dishes.

In very large canteens (over 25 people) the floor area can be reduced to 0.3-0.2 square meters. SAZ. for each person.

In the upper floors, very spectacular canteens are obtained by lighting them on top of a lantern, which gives greater freedom in their location, allowing the absence of windows. From the audience, living room or dining room is often made to a terrace playing a large role in the summer.

Terrace

But the complete absence of the sun is not always desirable and therefore the terraces of the corners facing their two facades to the north and east are very recommended.

To avoid through wind, it is only better to place a terrace so that it adjoins sideways to a deaf wall, or both of its side walls do in the form of glass frames.

These latter, being equipped with multi-colored or patterned glasses, give the terrace a very elegant look. Terrace, serving its inhabitants of the house in the summer, should be addressed to the garden, but in no case are not on the service that can not only spoil the view, but also to pollute the air.

On the same last reason One should never have kitchen windows, when it is placed in the basement, on one side with a terrace, to avoid the inevitable kitchen smell and chad.

The size of the terrace in the width is made in 1.5-2 sages, the length is determined by external conditions. In order for the terrace to not too dark the rooms overlooking it with windows, her height should not be less than 1.25 soot. The floor of the terrace is settled, of course, in a healer with the floor of the corresponding floor.

Sometimes the door from the terrace introduces not directly to the hall, living room or dining room, and in the transverse, central corridor, in which already, in turn, leave the doors of the aforementioned rooms.

This is achieved by the convenience that in rainy weather faces included in the house through the terrace in polluted dress and shoes, minus clean rooms.

Buffer room

Sleeping rooms

However, from economic considerations, often the volume of the bedroom decreases to 3 cubic meters. SAZ. per person, but it is permissible only with good ventilation.

The bedroom width is sufficient in 1.5-2 soot. Separately for boys and girls. These rooms are isolated from others and especially from the frontal chambers. Their volume also should not be, if possible, less than 5 cubic meters. SAZ. With floor area at 2, 5-3 square meters. SAZ. For each child.

It is recommended to calculate each Danish room not more than two children, arranging, with more of them, a number of individual rooms. But, of course, there is no possibility of this, the most desirable device of children's children.

The servant should always be placed separately, and only in breast-friendly rooms, where its presence is necessary, it is necessary to increase the cubic and square content of the room accordingly.

To achieve the best lighting and natural ventilation, children should be placed in angular rooms.

To achieve, it is possible to better avoid the device in the bedroom of any partitions and shirm, and especially from matter.

However, partitions from the matter in the form of curtains freely hanging on the rings are permissible, but with an indispensable condition for the frequent knocking out of the dust accumulating on them. In connection with the bedroom there are a BooR, a dressing room and sometimes a bath.

Boudoir and dressing room

The dressing room is determined depending on the cabinets for dresses and linen. It is only better to place this room between the bedroom and the nursery, in order to isolate these rooms one from another, not disturbing between them directly message doors. The size of a dressing room in 4 square meters. SAZ. More than sufficient.

Children's rooms

In connection with children's often arranged classrooms, calculated, believing 1.25 square meters. Sazhena for each person, including here and teachers. The room can be successfully used for the isolation of children from other, adjacent, apartment rooms.

In homes, mansions are very rational to have children with all relevant premises in the upper floors and mezzanines, observing only that these rooms have a proper height (at least 4 Arsh.) And that the stairs are well arranged and light.

Kitchen

In fig. 1-4th are the facade and plans for the landfill sites with mezzanine, basement and tower.

The following rooms are placed in the basement floor (Fig. 2): C-high, W-Corridor, W-Human, F-Storeroom, H-Room for cook or cook, cuz-kitchen, h-room Laceyev, W-stairs for the first floor.

In the first floor (Fig. 3): A-front with a screw staircase in the second floor and on the tower, B-Cabinet, B-Hall, M-Living, D-Dating, E-Corridor, W-Boudois, W-Bedroom, z "-Gerded, Mr., M-buffet, e" - Summer in the basement floor.

Finally, in the second floor (Fig. 4) are placed: children's (l), governess room (m), room for servants (H), nanny room (o), Waterclosure (P) and tower (P). The dining room is reported to the verando, and the hall with terrace -G, having similar to the garden.

Experience shows that the kitchen is 4 square meters. Syazheni is sufficient for the manufacture of a kushan for 25 people. With a larger number (up to 50), the kitchen should give a size of 6 square meters. soot., etc.

In this case, it should be borne in mind that the three killery stove with a boiler takes 0.3-0.35 square meters. SAZ., And the Russian oven, if there is 0.3-0, 5 square meters. Sayeni.

In the sense of the convenience of residential premises, the proper location of the kitchen is very important. For better supervision and ease of moving dishes, everything is most convenient if the kitchen is located in one floors with residential rooms.

In fig. 5-8-M Floor Plans, incision and main facade of a more extensive landlord house are presented.

Dimensions are shown in meters. This house is designed for a very large family and has, maybe even unnecessarily many different office rooms. Characteristic feature At home is the central lobby with (1st floor plan), lit from above the glass lantern, which is very original and beautiful.

The only drawback of this location is that at the same time the kitchen chad is easily distributed in the apartment. In other matters, this inconvenience is well eliminated by the device in the kitchen of two doors, separated by an interval of about 1 sages, as a result of which one door will always be posted when opening another.

Both doors are pretending, of course, automatically, springs. The resulting small room is supplied with a strong exhaust and can be disposed of for a device from it in a waterclosure, which, in this way, near the kitchen, can be well ventilated, if you use the warmth of the combustion furnace products for this. The very kitchen should also be supplied so much with the hood so that the air does not penetrate the kitchen in the apartment, and, on the contrary, it would be stretched out of her door slit.

The location of the kitchen is downstairs, in the basement, although it is often practiced, but can hardly be recognized as good, in view of the need for a staircase that makes uncomfortable both supervision of the kitchen and moving dishes and dishes. The latter, however, may be partly eliminated by the device of a simple lifting device.

In addition, when the kitchen is located at the bottom of the day, the apartment is even more, due to the fact that there is always some thrust of it up through the pipe, which is formed in this case, the cylinder of the kitchen staircase. Therefore, with lower kitchens, the extractor of them should be more energetic, and the staircase necessarily communicates with the kitchen double, automatically closing doors.

The kitchen at the top, above the apartment, is arranged very rarely, as although it is thus eliminating the inconvenience of the penetration of Chad, but the message with various services (cellar, cellars, etc.) is extremely difficult. In the sense of the exterior decoration, the kitchen should be equipped with such walls, floors and furniture that could be easily soaked and clean.

The walls, of course, is the best way to clean up the tiles, at least in the view of the panel, to the height of 0.75-0.85 soot. or paint light oil paint. As a last resort, the paint can be and glue, but then the walls will have to repeal quite often. The floor can be made of lobes, asphalt or wooden, unpacked, so that it can be cleaned and washed.

In connection with the kitchen there are pantry (2 square meters. Say.), Human and black move.

Human, or Servants

In rustic practice, especially in the old days, the kitchen and human often arranged in a separate fluege, which is registered, sometimes, with the house of the root gallery. But with all the undoubted advantages of this location, it is currently hardly especially desirable, thanks to the difficulty of supervision for all what is being done in human and kitchens. In addition, the device of a separate service flague requires the cost of a place that otherwise could be disposed of for any other agricultural need.

Watercases

The noise originating from the movement of water in the pipes of the waterclosure should not disturb others, and the pipes themselves are held so that the water cannot freeze the water in the winter, cold time.

In addition, the waterclosure should be lighting, at least from the next room, with the help of a highly located window equipped with a frame with simple or matte glasses.

The smallest size of the waterclosure in one point should be considered 0.35-0.4 square meters. Sazhen, assuming that there should be a space of at least 0.5 soxi with the same width.

These are considerations regarding the size and location of rooms in residential family homes. Of course, a more or less successful combination of all the above conditions is entirely depends on the experiments and private corresponding to any given case, the considerations of the builder.

Therefore, without trying to give any strictly defined rule for the design of residential buildings, we present only two examples of the most successful plans and facades of landlord houses, of which the first is fully adapted to the conditions of Russian life, and the second represents a fairly typical sample of German rural construction.

Literature. KLASEN, GRUNDRISSVORBILDER VON GEBAUDEN ALLER ART, I ABTHEIL. 1896.-Aster, Fami-Lienhauser Fur Stadt Und Land. 1898.-ABEL, Das Elegante Wohnhaus. 189O.-Wanderley, Die Land-Lichen Wirthschaftsgebaude, BD. III.