Polluted nature. Environmental pollution. The history of pollution of the biosphere

FROM junior classes We are taught that man and nature are united that one cannot separate one of the other. We know the development of our planet, the features of its structure and device. These areas affect our well-being: the atmosphere, soil, the water of the earth is, perhaps, the most important components of the normal life of a person. But why then every year environmental pollution goes further and gets out of all big scales? Let's consider the main environmental problems.

Environmental pollution, under which the natural medium is also understood and the biosphere is an increased content of physical, chemical or biological reagents that are not characteristic of this medium listed from the outside, the presence of which leads to negative consequences.

Scientists have been alarming about a close ecological catastrophe for several decades. Conducted studies in different areas lead to the conclusion that we are already faced with global climate change and the external environment under the influence of human activity. Pollution of the oceans due to leaks of oil and petroleum products, as well as garbage reached the huge scale, which affects the reduction of populations of many species of animals and the ecosystem as a whole. The growing number of machines each year leads to a large emission into the atmosphere, which, in turn, leads to the drainage of land, abundant precipitation on the continent, to reduce the amount of oxygen in the air. Some countries are already forced to bring water and even buy canned air, since production has spoiled the environment in the country. Many people have already realized the danger and very sensitively react to negative changes in nature and the main environmental problems, but we still perceive the possibility of disaster, as something unnecessary and distant. Is it really or a threat close and immediately need to do something - let's understand.

Types and main sources of environmental pollution

The main types of pollution class environmental pollution sources themselves:

• biological;
• chemical
• physical;
• mechanical.

In the first case, environmental pollutants are the activities of living organisms or anthropogenic factors. In the second case, there is a change in natural chemical composition The contaminated sphere by adding other chemicals to it. In the third case, the physical characteristics of the environment are changing. These types of pollution include thermal, radiation, noise and other types of radiation. The last type of pollution is also associated with human activity and waste emissions to the biosphere.

All kinds of contaminants may be present as separately by themselves and flow from one to another or exist together. Consider how they affect the separate areas of the biosphere.

People who have undergone long way in the wilderness will certainly be able to call the price of every drop of water. Although most likely these drops will be priceless, because the life of a person depends on them. In ordinary life, we, alas, give water not as great importance, because it has a lot of it, and it is available at any time. Only in the future it is not quite so. IN percentage ratio Unpolluted only 3% of the world's turn fresh water. Understanding the importance of water for people does not prevent a person to pollute the important source of life of oil and petroleum products, heavy metals, radioactive substances, inorganic pollution, sewer and synthetic fertilizers.

In polluted water, contains a large number of xenobiotics - substances, alien organisms of a person or an animal. If such water falls into the food chain, it can lead to serious food poisoning And even the fatal outcome of all participants in the chain. Of course, it is also contained in the products of volcanic activities that pollute water and without human assistance, but the activities of the metallurgical industry and chemical plants have the prevailing importance.

With the advent of nuclear research, nature is prone to quite significant harm in all areas, including water. The charged particles that have fallen into it bear great harm to living organisms and contribute to the development oncological diseases. Waste waters of factories, ships with nuclear reactors and just rain or snow in the zone of nuclear testing can lead to water infection with decomposition products.

Sewer stocks carrying a set of garbage: detergents, food residues, small household waste and more, in turn contribute to the reproduction by other pathogenic organisms, which, if a person's injury, give a number of diseases such as abdominal typhoids, dysentery and others.

Perhaps it does not make sense to explain how much soil is an important part of a person's life. Most of the food that the person feeds is powered by soil: from cereal crops to rare species of fruits and vegetables. So that it continues further, it is necessary to maintain the condition of the soil at the proper level for the normal cycle of water. But anthropogenic pollution has already led to the fact that 27% of the planet lands are subject to erosion.

Soil contamination is to enter it toxic chemicals and garbage in high quantities that impede the normal flow cycle of soil systems. Main sources of soil pollution:

• residential buildings;
• industrial enterprises;
• transport;
• agriculture;
• nuclear power.

In the first case, the soil contamination occurs due to the usual garbage, which is ejected in the wrong places. But the main reason should be called dumps. Gained waste leads to clogging of large areas, and burning products spoil the soil is irretrievably, taking the whole environment.

Industrial enterprises throw out many toxic substances, heavy metals and chemical compounds that affect not only on the soil, but also on the lives of living organisms. It is this source of pollution leads to technogenic soil pollution.

Transport emissions, hydrocarbons, methane and lead, falling into the soil, affect the food chains - enter the human body through food.
Excessive fallout of land, pesticides, pesticides and fertilizers, which contain sufficient mercury and heavy metals, lead to significant soil erosion and desertification. Abundant irrigation can also be called a positive factor, as it leads to saline of the soil.

Today, they burst in Earth to 98% of radioactive waste of nuclear power plants, mainly uranium splitting products, which leads to degradation and depletion of land resources.

The atmosphere in the form of a gaseous shell of the Earth has great valueSince protects the planet from cosmic radiation, affects the relief, determines the climate of the Earth and its thermal background. It is impossible to say that the composition of the atmosphere was homogeneous and only with the advent of man began to change. But it was after the start of active activity of people, the heterogeneous composition "enriched" with dangerous impurities.

The main pollutants in this case are chemical plants, fuel and energy complex, agriculture and cars. They lead to the appearance of copper, mercury, mercury, and other metals. Of course, in industrial zones, air pollution is most felt.

The thermal power plants carry light and heat into our homes, however, in parallel, they throw away a huge amount of carbon dioxide, and soot into the atmosphere.
The cause of acid rains are waste emitted from chemical plants, for example, sulfur oxide or nitrogen. These oxides can be reacted with other elements of the biosphere, which contributes to the appearance of more destructive compounds.

Modern cars are good enough for design and technical characteristicsBut I still failed to solve the problem with the atmosphere. The ash and fuel processing products not only spoil the atmosphere of cities, but also settle on the soil and lead to its disrepair.

In many industrial and industrial areas, the use has become an integral part of life precisely because of environmental pollution by plants and transport. Therefore, if you are concerned about the condition of the air in your apartment, with the help of a bizer you can create a healthy microclimate at home, which, unfortunately, does not cancel the planer problems of environmental pollution, but at least it allows you to protect yourself and loved ones.

I wonder what house do we live in? Our house is Planet Earth, where the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land, on which we walk and which is feeding us. Many people were completely mired in their work, entertainment and do not see anything around. Although it's time to open your eyes and see that our house is close to destruction. And no one is to blame for this, except for each of us.

40% of people in the world die due to environmental pollution, namely water, soil and air. These environmental problems in combination with a rapid population increase lead to an increase in the number of diseases, reported in a press release of Cornell University.

Professor David Piemethel (David Pimentel) with a group of graduate students analyzed about 120 printed works on the influence of demographic and environmental factors (environmental pollution) on the prevalence of disease. Here to what truly terrible conclusions they came:

1. Six million children die annually from hunger, and besides, malnutrition weakens the body and is an indirect cause of many deaths from ORZ, malaria and other diseases. 57 percent of the population of the Earth (6.5 billion people) suffer from hunger (in 1950 there are 20 percent of 2.5 billion).

2. The cities are often not respected sanitary norms And too high the density of the population, which can lead to outbreaks of such diseases as measles and flu. Approximately half of all mankind lives in cities.

3. Pollution of water leads to the reproduction of malaria mosquitoes, because of which about two million people die every year. The shortage of clean water is experiencing more than a billion people despite the fact that 80% of all infectious diseases Transmitted through water.

4. Soil pollution leads to the fact that poisoning substances are absorbed by a person with food and water.

5. Air pollution by poisonous emissions into the atmosphere cause cancer, congenital pathologies, impairment of the immune system. It kills about three million people a year.

Here is a story. We all suffer due to environmental pollution. Indeed, there is nothing to think about and try to do at least something to if not reduce this indicator, then at least to prevent its absolute value.

On the planet it became too dirty

American environmental researchers 6 years have studied natural changes. After the term, it was announced - it is impossible to live clean in purity, everything is polluted on the planet.

Thanks to the study, worth six million dollars, it was possible to find out that the toxic waste of industrial activities managed to pollute everything. According to scientists, there are at least 70 species of poisoning substances in the territory of the 20 national parks of the United States.

Michael Kent, a professor-naturalist from the University of Oregon, condemns the dirty intentions of toxic substances to pollute everything, on which the light is worth. "It is difficult to find more remote areas than the northern regions of Alaska and the tops of the Rocky Mountains, but also we found pollutants," the scientist explains.

Russian environmentalists with their Western colleagues do not quite agree. In the guild of ecologists explained - it is too early to beat the alarm. Almost in all subjects now contains a complete table of Mendeleev. However, the case here, the experts are confident, not in the fact of the content, but in the level of permissible concentration. The fact is that there is a limited level of concentration of toxic substances. If he is not exceeded, it is possible to live.

In Russian cities, it is dangerous to live, environmentalists consider, but in the reserves there is nothing so, tolerant. Nevertheless, the level of environmental pollution is steadily growing. On this occasion, conferences are constantly underway: they say, prevent, stop, duck - but so far, to no avail.

Meanwhile, the leader of industrial emissions to the atmosphere is the United States. In second place are Saudi Arabia and Indonesia. At the last, Balinese conference, all three countries were awarded antipremia for the impossibility of maintaining the territory in purity. The role of awards performed small, stuffed coal, bags of colors of the state flag.

It is not accepted to solve the environmental problem at the state level. Thus, according to the results of research by Carbon Disclosure Project, only commercial structures solve the problem of emission emissions into the atmosphere, while the government bodies are brutened with good intentions for the root. Speaking in numbers, 80% of companies see a significant risk for doing business in climate change. And aware of the seriousness of the situation and work on its decision - 95% of commercial organizations.

Alexey Kokorin, Head of the Climate and Energy Program of the World Wildlife Foundation, told "True.ru" what the Chukotka children and white bears are afraid of: "There is a very sharp problem. Toxic emissions every year are becoming more and more. It is worth remembering the case with the prohibition of DDT (chlororganic insecticide) after DDT elements were found in the liver white bear. After that, research was conducted and it turned out that in the bodies of many Chukchi residents, including children, there are traces of DDT content. In Russia, the problem gradually begins to pay more attention to ".

The greatest landfill on the planet

In the Pacific Ocean, the "plastic soup" - a floating strip of garbage, and, according to scientists, to this point the continental part of the United States is twice.

Back in 2004, the "Island" weighed about 3 million tons - it is six times more than the amount of natural plankton. And in size matched the territory of Central Europe. Four years later, "the island" on the way no, "recovered".

This huge bunch of floating garbage is kept in one place under the influence of underwater flows having a twist. The band "Soup" stretches from the point of about 500 marine miles from the coast of California through northern part The Pacific Ocean past Hawaii and almost reaches remote Japan.

Actually, "soup" is two connected jumpers on both sides of the Hawaiian Islands - they are referred to by Western-Pacific and Eastern-Pacific garbage stains. Approximately the fifth of the garbage - different differences from football balls And the kayaks to the "Lego" cubes and cellophane packages are what is thrown from ships and oil platforms. The rest falls into the ocean from sushi.

The American oceanologist Charles Moore is the title of this "Great Pacific Dusting Spot", it is also a "dump truck", it believes that in this region about 100 million tons of floating trash. It warns that if consumers will not limit the use of plastic, which is not processed, in the next ten years, the surface area of \u200b\u200bthe plastic "soup" will double. This is due to the fact that modern plastic is practically not amenable to rotting, and on the North-Pacific dump items are also found for half a century ago.

As a result, it turns out like this: "What falls into the ocean is in the stomachs from the ocean inhabitants, and then - on your plate. Everything is very simple."

Water pollution of the World Ocean

Unpolluted man remained only 4% of world waters. As the new atlas of the ecological state of the World Ocean shows, highly large areas have been exposed to strong exposure. The most unexpected was that different types Human activity, combining, cause significantly greater damage biodiversity than predicting their simple addition.

Human activity - fishing, emit industrial and household waste, mining minerals and so on - left an indelible trail almost every corner of the World Ocean. These are the conclusions of a new large-scale study, which first allowed to create a map of world waters, reflecting the degree of human intervention in natural ecosystems. Scientists have found that water areas not affected by the vital activity of the King of Nature today has been practically not left, and 40% of world waters have been exposed to a strong indulgent effect.

As a result of large-scale research, humanity was first able to see a one-piece picture of the consequences of their work on the development, as it seemed that the inexhaustible wealth of world waters. Head of Works, Ben Halpern, a researcher from the University of California in Santa Barbara, emphasizes that the resulting ocean pollution map reflects the cumulative impact of various types of human activity. The total effect of these effects was much worse than it could be imagined by a simple addition, and became an unpleasant surprise for Hallperna himself.

Every year, by chance or deliberately, in the world ocean, hundreds of tons of oil and fuel and lubricants are falling. The most detrimental effect on the part of humans, world waters were subjected to the area of \u200b\u200bthe Northern, South and East-Chinese, Caribbean and Mediterranean seas, the ecosystems of the Red and Bering Seas, as well as the Gulf of Mexico. A similar situation is observed along the entire east coast of the North American continent, as well as in the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean. Polar waters turned out to be less affected. However, due to the melting of polar glacier hats and they will soon be at risk.

Scientists noted that different ecosystems were influenced by a person to varying degrees. So, about half of the coral reefs today are on the verge of disappearance, the situation and with thickets of sea algae - posyondos, embroiders, waterproof and many others. There are no bad things with mangrove forests, ecosystems of sea shames, rock reefs and on the continental shelf. Long ecosystems and inhabitants of the open ocean have suffered less than today, but in most places they also felt the impact of man.

Effect of atmospheric pollution

IN last years Due to the increased threat to human health, more close attention attracts pollution of the environment emissions of internal combustion engines.

Huge damage to the environment, and as a result, man, emissions to the atmosphere from industrial and energy facilities and road transport are applied. These emissions contain so harmful substances such as: sulfur anhydride, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, dust, lead and other heavy metals.

All polluting atmospheric air substances have a greater or lesser extent have a negative effect on human health. These substances fall into the human body mainly through the respiratory system. Respiratory organs suffer from contamination directly, since about 50% of the impurity particles with a radius of 0.01-0.1 μm penetrating into the lungs are deposited in them.

The observations of the condition of the air is carried out by a network of stationary posts of the State Hydrometeorological Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. Results indicate that harmful substances in the atmosphere related to emissions industrial enterprisesRarely exceed the norms of the DGC, although they constitute a significant part in the overall air pollution. High air pollution is registered in areas nearby motorways and intersections. When creating in the cities of the so-called motion system in the "green wave" mode, significantly reduced the number of transport stops at the intersections, is designed to reduce the contamination of atmospheric air in cities.

It is necessary to use waste-free technologies, replacing harmful materials harmless, sealing of technological processes in the production, disposal of harmful waste, as a result of processing, which components used in the production of soil paints, organic fertilizers for flowers and in many ways appear on the light of God. Application of the latest designs of filters, the choice of the most appropriate collection technology harmful substances, as well as suppressing emissions of motor transport engines, improving environmental legislation, as well as systems of environmental standards, norms and demands, tightening punishment for environmental crimes.

But we can and we are local to help nature in the purification of air. Since we all know that a good protective function is plants that help us make this world a little cleaner, protecting against harmful substances, it means that we can plant more green plantings. Thus, we will make our surrounding world a little safer and cleaner. As you know, the photosynthesis process will pass while the sun shines, which means that the oxygen is not allowed to stop the oxygen plants and the absorption of carbon dioxide. In addition, the coniferous plants, especially juniper, have a beneficial effect on the human body, highlighting essential oils. It is necessary to plant plants by fencing yourself from pollution. Plant them along the windows and roads. But do not forget about the plants themselves in spring - autumn time to water and spray them. But if you do not have the opportunity, or space under the window, you can get out of the position simple way - To buy juniper home and your house will be your clean world.

Pollution is the introduction of pollutants in the surrounding natural environmentwhich cause adverse changes. Pollution can take the shape of chemicals or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Contamination components, or alien substances / energy, or natural pollutants, can be either alien substances.

The main types and causes of environmental pollution:

Air pollution

Coniferous forest after acid rain

Smoke from chimneys, plants, vehicles, or from burning wood and coal make air toxic. The consequences of air pollution are also obvious. The emission of sulfur dioxide and hazardous gases into the atmosphere causes global warming and acid rains, which, in turn, increase the temperature, provoking excessive precipitation or droughts around the world, and complicates life. We also breathe each contaminated particle from the air and as a result increases the risk of asthma, and lung cancer.

Water pollution

It was the cause of the loss of many types of flora and fauna of the Earth. This happened due to the fact that industrial waste dropped into rivers and other water bodies cause imbalance in aquatic environment, which leads to serious pollution and death of aquatic animals and plants.

In addition, spraying insecticides, pesticides (such as DDT) on the plants, pollute the groundwater system. Oil spills in the oceans, entailed significant damage to water bodies.

Eutrophication in the River Potomac, USA

Eutrophication is another important cause of water pollution. It occurs due to raw wastewater and washing the fertilizers from the soil in the lake, ponds or rivers, due to which the chemicals penetrate into the water and prevent the penetration of the sun's rays, thereby reducing the amount of oxygen, and making reservoir unsuitable for life.

Pollution of water resources harms not only by individual aquatic organisms, but also all, and seriously affects people depending on. In some countries of the world, due to water pollution, cholera and diarrhea flashes are observed.

Soil pollution

Soil erosion

This type of contamination occurs when harmful chemical elements fall into the soil, as a rule, caused by the activities of humanity. Insecticides and pesticides suck nitrogen compounds from the soil, after which it becomes unsuitable for plant growth. Industrial waste, and also negatively affect the soil. Since plants can not grow as necessary, they are not able to hold the soil, as a result of what erosion is formed.

Noise pollution

Appears when unpleasant (loud) sounds from the environment affect the human hearing organs and lead to psychological problems, including voltage, increased pressure, hearing impairment, etc. It can be caused by industrial equipment, airplanes, cars, etc.

Nuclear pollution

This is a very dangerous type of pollution, it is due to failures in the work of nuclear power plants, improper storage of nuclear waste, accidents, etc. Nuclear pollution may cause cancer, infertility, loss of view, congenital defects; It is able to make the soil of non-good, and also negatively affects air and water.

Light pollution

Light pollution of the planet Earth

It occurs due to noticeable overpressure of the region. It is common, as a rule, in big cities, especially from advertising boards, in sports halls or entertainment facilities at night. In residential areas, light pollution strongly affects the lives of people. It also prevents astronomical observations, making stars almost invisible.

Thermal / thermal pollution

Thermal pollution is a deterioration in water quality by any process that changes the ambient temperature. The main cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as refrigerant by power plants and industrial enterprises. When water used as a refrigerant returns to the natural environment at more high temperaturesThe change in temperature reduces the oxygen supply and affects the composition. Fish and other organisms adapted to a specific temperature range can be killed by a sharp change in water temperature (or a rapid increase or decrease).

Thermal pollution is due to excessive heat in the environment, creating unwanted changes over long periods of time. This is due to the huge number of industrial enterprises, deforestation and air pollution. Thermal pollution increases the temperature of the Earth, causing sharp climatic changes and the disappearance of wildlife species.

Visual pollution

Visual pollution, Philippines

Visual pollution is an aesthetic problem and relates to the effects of pollution that worsen the ability to enjoy the world around. It includes: advertising shields, open trash storage, antennas, electrical wires, buildings, cars, etc.

The overcrowding of the territory is a large number of objects causes visual pollution. Such pollution contributes to the scattering of attention, eye fatigue, identity loss, etc.

Plastic pollution

Plastic Pollution, India

Includes the accumulation of plastic products in the environment, which have an adverse effect on wildlife, animal habitat or people. Plastic products are inexpensive and durable, which made them very popular among people. However, this material is very slow decomposed. Plastic pollution can adversely affect the soil, lakes, rivers, sea and oceans. Live organisms, especially marine animals, are entangled in plastic waste or suffer from exposure to chemicals in plastics, which cause interruptions in biological functions. People also affect plastic pollution, causing a hormonal failure.

Pollution objects

The main objects of environmental pollution are such as air (atmosphere), water resources (streams, rivers, lakes, sea, oceans), soil, etc.

Pollutants (sources, or contaminants) of the environment

Pollutants are chemical, biological, physical or mechanical elements (or processes) that cause harm to the environment.

They can harm both short-term and long-term perspective. Pollutants originate from natural resources or are produced by people.

Many pollutants have a poisonous impact on living organisms. Carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) is an example of a substance that damages people. This compound is absorbed by the organism instead of oxygen, causes shortness of breath, headache, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, and in severe cases can lead to serious poisoning, and even death.

Some pollutants become dangerous when reactions with other compounds occurring in nature. Nitrogen and sulfur oxides are isolated from impurities in fossil fuel during burning. They react with water vapor in the atmosphere, turning into acid rains. Acid rain negatively affects the aquatic ecosystems and leads to the death of aquatic animals, plants, and other living organisms. Ground ecosystems also suffer from acid rain.

Classification of pollution sources

According to the appearance, environmental pollution is divided into:

Anthropogenic (artificial) pollution

Deforestation

Anthropogenic pollution - environmental impact caused by human activity. The main sources of artificial pollution stands:

• industrialization;
• invention of cars;
• growth of the population of the Earth;
• deforestation: the destruction of the natural habitat;
• nuclear explosions;
• excessive exploitation of natural resources;
• construction of buildings, roads, dam;
• creation of explosive substances that are used during hostilities;
• use of fertilizers and pesticides;
• mining.

Natural (natural) pollution

Eruption

Natural pollution is called and occurs naturally, without human participation. It may affect the environment for a certain period of time, but it is capable of regenerated. Natural pollution sources include:

• volcanic eruptions, gases, ashes and magma;
• forest fires allocate smoke and gas impurities;
• sand storms raise dust and sand;
• the decomposition of organic substances, in the process of which gases are released.

Pollution consequences:

Environmental degradation

Photo on the left: Beijing after the rain. Photo on the right: I was able to in Beijing

The environment is the first victim of the pollution of the atmosphere. An increase in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere leads to be able to prevent penetration sunlight On the surface of the earth. In this regard, it makes it much difficult. Such gases as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide can cause acid rains. Pollution of water from the point of view of oil spill is able to lead to the death of several species of wild animals and plants.

Human health

Lung cancer

Reducing air quality leads to some respiratory issues, including asthma or lung cancer. Pain in chest, inflammation of the throat, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases can be caused by air pollution. Water pollution can create skin-related problems, including irritation and rash. Similarly, noise contamination leads to a loss of hearing, stress and sleep disorders.

Global warming

Male, the capital of Maldives - one of the cities that threatens the prospect of being flooded by the ocean in the XXI century

Emission of greenhouse gases, especially CO2, leads to global warming. Every day, new industries are being created in industry, new cars appear on the roads, and the number of trees is reduced to make room for new homes. All these factors, directly or indirectly, lead to an increase in CO2 in the atmosphere. CO2 growth entails melting of polar ice hats, which increases the sea level and creates a danger to people living near the coastal areas.

The depletion of the ozone layer

The ozone layer is a thin shield high in the sky, which prevents the penetration of ultraviolet rays to the ground. As a result of human activity, chemicals, such as chlorofluorocarbons, are released in, which contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer.

Unfurred land

Due to the permanent use of insecticides and pesticides, the soil can become non-fermented. Different kinds Chemicals formed from industrial waste fall into water, which also affects the quality of the soil.

Protection (protection) of the environment from pollution:

International Protection

Many of them are especially vulnerable as they are subject to human influence in many countries. As a result, some States are united and develop agreements aimed at preventing damage or managing anthropogenic effects on natural resources. They include agreements that affect the protection of climate, oceans, rivers and air from pollution. These international environmental treaties are sometimes binding documents that have legal consequences, in case of non-compliance, and in other situations are used as codes of behavior. The most famous belongs:

• The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), approved in June 1972, provides for the protection of nature for the current generation of people and their descendants.
• The UN Framework Convention on Climate Changes (RKIK) was signed in May 1992. The main objective of this Agreement is "stabilization of greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere at the level, which will prevent dangerous anthropogenic intervention in the climate system"
• The Kyoto Protocol provides for a reduction or stabilization of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere. It was signed in Japan, at the end of 1997.

State defense

Discussion of environmental issues often focuses at the government level, legislation and law enforcement. However, in the broadest sense, the environmental protection can be considered as the responsibility of the entire people, and not just government. Decisions that affect the environment, ideally include a wide range of stakeholders, including industrial facilities, indigenous groups, representatives environmental groups and communities. Environmental protection decisions are constantly developing and becoming more active in different countries.

Many constitutions recognize the fundamental law on environmental protection. In addition, in various countries there are organizations and institutions involved in nature conservation.

Although environmental protection is not just the responsibility of government agencies, most people consider these organizations to be paramount in creating and maintaining basic standards that protect the environment and people interacting with it.

How to protect the environment yourself?

The population and technological advances based on fossil fuels seriously affected our natural environment. Therefore, now we need to contribute to eliminating the consequences of degradation so that humanity continues to live in an environmentally friendly environment.

There are 3 main principles that are still relevant and more important:

• less use;
• use again;
• convert.

• Create a compost bunch in your garden. It helps dispose of food waste and other biodegradable materials.
• When shopping, use your eco-bags and try to abandon plastic packages as much as possible.
• Put so many trees as you can.
• Think about how to reduce the number of trips that you make using your car.
• Reduce emissions from vehicles by walking or cycling. It is not simple excellent alternatives Driving, but also health benefits.
• Use public transport when you can, for everyday movement.
• Bottles, waste oil, old batteries and used tires must be properly disposed of; All this causes serious pollution.
• Do not pour chemicals and waste oil to earth or in drains leading to water bodies.
• If possible, recycle individual biodegradable waste, and work on a decrease in the amount of waste used, which are not subject to recycling.
• Reduce the amount of meat that you consume, or consider the vegetarian diet.

Today, humanity is a lot of environmental problems, pictures on this topic of the most eloquent. We list the most global environmental problems, both Russia and all over the world:

• . Recently, increasingly gaining relevance is the problem of deforestation, if the situation in the root will not change, we risk staying without such natural wealth as a forest.

• The planet is drowning in the garbage. Today, our life is unthinkable without familiar things: plastic, polyethylene or tin cans. The biggest problem is what to do with these waste after disposal. From year to year the number of non-recycled garbage and landfills is only growing.

• . The process of oil production, its transportation and processing certainly accompanied its loss, which is the main cause of poisoning, death of organisms and soil degradation.

• Pollution with radioactive waste. Yet for a long time Nature will be subject to the Chernobyl accident, as a result of which the release of radioactive substances occurred.

• Global climate change, as a result of greenhouse effect. The main sources of greenhouse gases are the emissions of carbon dioxide, freon, methane and others.

• Transformation of fertile lands in the desert. Such a threat exists when cutting down forests and improper method agriculture.

• Pollution of water fund. Constantly contamination of water bodies, rivers, lakes with industrial enterprises, as well as as a result of the use of various chemicals.

• . The active development of industry is the problem of not only large cities, and the regions. Nowadays, it is often possible to see could be a thick fog that closes the tight cover all the sky. Large contributions are also exhaust vehicles and incineration of household waste.

• . Due to the growth of cities infrastructure, agricultural development, many species of animals and plants continue to disappear from the face of the earth.

• . The uncontrolled and improper use of various fertilizers and pesticides leads primarily to the depletion of the soil, and in the worst case to poisoning the soil.

First of all, they are associated with their disposal and processing, in particular the last type of activity in the country is not enough to absorb the entire volume of the population.

Earth in danger! She is constantly at the attack ... disgusting people. It can hardly be able to withstand those terrible strikes that humanity causes. Do not believe? Here are 9 photos that will finally kill you.

Death due to plastics

This albatross was found in the Northern Pacific Ocean. This is not the only animal that died as a result of swallowing plastic waste. There are hundreds of bird species that repeated the same terrible destiny.

River Citarum

5 million Indonesian residents depend on this river as the only source of water. Unfortunately, this is one of the most polluted rivers on the entire planet. You will probably guess themselves as much as the life expectancy in this region.

Pool Riachuelo

This Argentine reservoir is surrounded by thousands of factories, slums and garbage dumps. It is not surprising that pollution in this region leads to serious health problems.

Dusting wave

This Indonesian surfer is captured in an unsuccessful frame on the trash can. The action takes place in an overly populated area of \u200b\u200bJava in Indonesia.

River Yamuna

Approximately 60 percent of the garbage in Indian Delhi is directly falling into this river, but people living here still depend on this water source, from where they drink water, bathe and erase underwear.

Tianin, China

Do not come to Tianin, unless you want to get a serious lead poisoning. The city is the largest lead manufacturer in China. Air pollution level here exceeds everything permissible norms Ten times.

Oil spill

During oil spills, many varieties suffer. Poor duck in the photo is the victim of the functioning of our insane society.

Dakka

This overpopulated Bangladesh city has serious problems with the disposal of waste due to the huge number of residents and a large population density. This is one of the most tight populated cities in the world.

Stork in trouble

Environmental pollution has caused a catastrophic reduction of the population of storks. At this photo, the stork was captured by a plastic package, tightly wrapped his body.