According to some researchers, there were five thousand gods in Ancient Egypt. Such a huge number of them is due to the fact that each of the numerous local cities had their own gods. Therefore, one should not be surprised at the similarity in the functions of many of them. In our list, whenever possible, we tried not only to give a description of this or that celestial being, but also to indicate the center in which he was most revered. In addition to gods, some monsters, spirits and magical creatures are listed. Our table lists the characters in alphabetical order. The names of some gods are designed as hyperlinks leading to detailed articles about them.
Our Egyptian Gods Chart can be used in school to prepare 5th grade students. See also: Gods of Ancient Greece - list, Gods of Ancient Rome - list, Gods of Ancient Scandinavia, Gods of Ancient India - list, Gods of the ancient Slavs - list.
10 main gods Ancient Egypt
Amat- a terrible monster with the body and front legs of a lioness, the hind legs of a hippopotamus and the head of a crocodile. It lived in the fiery lake of the underground kingdom of the dead (Duat) and devoured the souls of the dead, who were recognized as unrighteous at the trial of Osiris.
Apis- a black bull with special markings on its skin and forehead, which was worshiped in Memphis and throughout Egypt as the living embodiment of the gods Ptah or Osiris. Live Apis was kept in special room- Apeion, and the deceased was solemnly buried in the Serapeum necropolis.
Apophis (Apophis)- a huge snake, the personification of chaos, darkness and evil. Lives in the underworld, where every day after sunset the sun god Ra descends. Apep rushes onto Ra's barge to swallow it. The sun and its defenders wage a nightly battle with Apep. The ancient Egyptians also explained solar eclipses as an attempt by the serpent to devour Ra.
Aten- god of the solar disk (or rather, sunlight), mentioned back in the Middle Kingdom and proclaimed the main god of Egypt during the religious reform of Pharaoh Akhenaten. Unlike most other representatives of the local pantheon, he was depicted not in a “bestial-human” form, but in the form of a solar circle or ball, from which arms with palms extended towards the earth and people. The meaning of Akhenaten’s reform, apparently, was the transition from a concrete-figurative religion to a philosophical-abstract one. It was accompanied by severe persecution of adherents of former beliefs and was canceled shortly after the death of its initiator.
Atum- the solar god revered in Heliopolis, who created himself from the original chaotic Ocean of Nun. In the middle of this Ocean arose the primordial hill of the earth, from which all the land originated. Having resorted to masturbation, spitting out his own seed, Atum created the first divine couple - the god Shu and the goddess Tefnut, from whom the rest of the Ennead descended (see below). In archaic antiquity, Atum was the main solar god of Heliopolis, but later he was relegated to the background by Ra. Atum began to be revered only as a symbol coming in sun.
Bastet- cat goddess from the city of Bubastis. She personified love feminine beauty, fertility, fun. Very close in religious meaning to the goddess Hathor, with whom she was often united.
Demon– (Demons) dwarf demons who are favorable to humans with an ugly face and crooked legs. Kind of good brownies. In Ancient Egypt, figurines of Demons were widespread.
Maat- goddess of universal truth and justice, patroness of moral principles and firm legality. She was depicted as a woman with an ostrich feather on her head. During the judgment in the kingdom of the dead, the soul of the deceased was placed on one scale, and the “feather of Maat” on the other. A soul that turned out to be heavier than a feather was considered unworthy of eternal life with Osiris. She was devoured by the terrible monster Amat (see above).
Mafdet– (lit. “fast running”) goddess of harsh justice, protector of sacred places. It was depicted with the head of a cheetah or in the form of a genet - an animal from the civet family.
Mertseger (Meritseger)- goddess of the dead in Thebes. She was depicted as a snake or a woman with a snake's head.
Meskhenet- the goddess of childbirth, who enjoyed special honor in the city of Abydos.
Min- a god revered as the giver of life and fertility in the city of Koptos. He was depicted in an ithyphallic form (with pronounced male sexual characteristics). The worship of Min was widespread in the early period of Egyptian history, but then he receded into the background in front of his own local Theban variety - Amon.
Mnevis- a black bull that was worshiped as a god in Heliopolis. Reminiscent of Memphis Apis.
Renenutet- a goddess revered in the Fayum as the patroness of harvests. Depicted as a cobra. The grain god Nepri was considered her son.
Sebek- the crocodile-shaped god of the Fayum oasis, where there was a large lake. His functions included managing the water kingdom and ensuring earthly fertility. Sometimes he was revered as a kind, benevolent god, to whom people prayed for help in illnesses and life difficulties; sometimes - like a formidable demon, hostile to Ra and Osiris.
Serket (Selket)- goddess of the dead in the western Nile Delta. Woman with a scorpion on her head.
Sekhmet- (lit. - “mighty”), a goddess with the head of a lioness and a solar disk on it, personifying the heat and scorching heat of the Sun. God's wife Ptah. A formidable avenger who exterminates creatures hostile to the gods. The heroine of the myth about the extermination of people, which the god Ra entrusted to her because of the moral corruption of humanity. Sekhmet killed people with such fury that even Ra, who decided to abandon his intention, could not stop her. Then the gods spilled red beer all over the earth, which Sekhmet began to lick, mistaking it for human blood. Due to intoxication, she was forced to stop her slaughter.
Seshat- goddess of writing and accounting, patroness of scribes. Sister or daughter of the god Thoth. Upon the accession of the pharaoh, she wrote down the upcoming years of his reign on the leaves of the Ished tree. She was depicted as a woman with a seven-pointed star on her head. Seshat's sacred animal was the panther, so she was represented in leopard skin.
Sopdu- a “falcon” god, worshiped in the eastern part of the Nile Delta. Close to Horus, identified with him.
Tatenen- a chthonic god, worshiped in Memphis along with Ptah and sometimes identified with him. His name literally means “rising (i.e., emerging) earth.”
Taurt- a goddess from the city of Oxyrhynchus, depicted as a hippopotamus. Patroness of birth, pregnant women and babies. Drives away evil spirits from homes.
Tefnut- a goddess who, together with her husband, the god Shu, symbolized the space between the earth’s firmament and the firmament. From Shu and Tefnut the earth god Geb and the sky goddess Nut were born.
Wadget- a snake goddess who was considered the patroness of Lower (Northern) Egypt.
Upout- the god of the dead with the head of a jackal, revered in the city of Assiut (Lycopolis). By appearance and the meaning strongly resembled Anubis and gradually merged with him in one image.
Phoenix- a magical bird with golden and red feathers, which, according to Egyptian legend, flew to the city of Heliopolis once every 500 years to bury the body of its deceased father in the Temple of the Sun. She personified the soul of the god Ra.
Hapi- god of the Nile River, patron of the harvests provided by its flood. Depicted as a man of blue or Green colour(color of Nile water at different times of the year).
Hathor- goddess of love, beauty, joy and dancing, patroness of childbirth and nurses, " heavenly cow" She personified the wild, elemental power of passion, which could take cruel forms. In such an unbridled form, she was often identified with the lioness goddess Sekhmet. She was depicted with the horns of a cow, inside of which there is the sun.
Hekat- goddess of moisture and rain. Depicted as a frog.
Khepri- one of the three (often recognized as three attributes of the same being) solar gods of Heliopolis. Personified the sun at sunrise. His two “colleagues” are Atum (sun On the Sunset) and Ra (the sun at all other hours of the day). Depicted with the head of a scarab beetle.
Hershef (Herishef)- the main god of the city of Heracleopolis, where he was worshiped as the creator of the world, “whose right eye is the sun, whose left eye is the moon, and whose breath animates everything.”
Khnum- a god revered in the city of Esne as a demiurge who created the world and people on a potter's wheel. Depicted with the head of a ram.
Khonsou- lunar god in Thebes. Son of the god Amun. Together with Amon and his mother, Mut formed the Theban triad of gods. Depicted with a lunar crescent and a disk on his head.
Everyone knows about the Aztecs and Mayans, but few people know about the Danunx civilization. The Danunakh civilization did not last long. But she quickly achieved her goal (the goal was to exist for a very short time).The Dununahs considered earthly existence a terrible misfortune. Their life consisted of waiting for death. The biggest holidays for the Danunakhs were the funerals of their fellow tribesmen. Dancing until you dropped, feasts, festive swims and races took place around the deceased, and it happened that the Dununahs did not bury their dead for months, because the sight of the dead gave them hope that they would soon follow.
If danunah fell ill, his friends came to him every day and wished him not to get better. "May it be worse for you!" - they said. Friends sat next to the dying man for days, they stayed awake to catch happy moment death, to join and be inspired.
When a young lady became pregnant, they stopped talking to her. The birth of a child was a real tragedy. The Dununahs sang sad songs. They told how the Danunahs regretted that another life was beginning, which would be full of nonsense.
The god of the Danunakh, Nah, was a terrible and powerful god, but he never showed it. The Danunakhas did not even see his face. They didn't know whether he was a man or a woman. God Nah was always depicted sitting with his back to people and showing a figurine. Only in the other world did the Danunakhs meet their god face to face.
Nah's advertising slogan was "What Nah Difference?" This inscription was found everywhere among the Danunakhs: on Danunakh furniture, on dishes, even in the form of tattoos and artistically designed flower beds. "What the fuck does it matter?" became the mantra of the Danunakhs; they thought that if one day they could answer this question, everyone would immediately, immediately go to Nahu.
Nakh gave the Danunakhs the sacred book "Niachom". Scientists have only recently deciphered it. It turned out that she was essentially meaningless. This is a book of dialogues: "Nah?" - "Danunah?" - "Nah?" - "Danunah?" - "Nah?" and so on (another eight hundred pages). It is believed that the book captures a conversation between God and man at the moment of the long-awaited meeting.
Suicide was prohibited among the Danunakhs: it was considered a deception of Nakh.
The Danunakhs had sacred commandments, which they strictly observed. Everything that their god Nah does not want was written down in the commandments. For example: “Don’t kill, don’t, nah. Don’t steal, don’t, nah. Don’t fuck your neighbor’s wife, nah, is that necessary?”
The beautiful civilization of the Danunahs perished due to the invasion of wild cannibal tribes. Subsequently, the cannibals passed on from generation to generation an amazing story about how the Danunakhs, maddened with happiness, ran after them, and each Danunakh beat his chest and shouted: “Eat me! Eat me!”; Many cannibals, having met a large number of Danunakhs, died from severe stomach upset.
P.S. In the process of further research, it turned out that the god Nakh had a forerunner - Pervonakh. The great god “Danunah”, the mantra “Forget” or why serious adults do nonsense.
(I don’t recommend reading to those who are subject to very deep religious feelings)
The article is a joke. The effect when applied is real.
I'll tell you the background to the question.
Very often, adults get very upset over all sorts of trifles.
Someone said something, said it in the wrong tone, yelled, was rude, or even just sent it away.
If anyone lives in a world where this never happens, respect to you gentlemen and sincere, genuine RESPECT.
Unfortunately, we are all human and from time to time we get stuck in traffic jams, we go to airports, train stations, bazaars, housing offices, the Federal Migration Service... continue the list of fun organizations of your choice.
And the most interesting thing is that you were not personally beaten there, your property was not taken away in most of the situations... But in your heart it happens as if you were actually beaten and everything was taken away.
Does this happen?
I know that unfortunately it happens.
It is for such cases that we came up with the god “Danunakh” and the mantra “Forget.”
One evening, while in the forest in the Moscow region, my colleagues and I were sitting by the fire, drinking tea, and, well, ordinary people, chatted about everything under the sun. Thank God, there was no Wi-Fi in this place, it was impossible to work on info-business projects, and the creative energy accumulated after dinner had to go somewhere.
I talked about yoga, about the universal mantra OM, and about the fact that a mantra called “ VLOMMMM»
I heard it from a man with the last name Lebedev. (Sasha, if you read this, a big hello to you)
What is “Vlomm”, how to take it and why is it needed?
The VLOMM mantra is the most honest mantra in my opinion.
VLOMM is when you honestly tell yourself - I’m too lazy to do this.
You want, for example, more money, or to meet a man, or to pump up your abs or get prettier, and so, plus or minus, you know what to do and Google is at hand if you have anything to ask someone, but the days go by, and you don’t do it... because that WLOOMMM. And then what results are we actually waiting for????
NOT karma is not like that, not the country is not suitable, not the appearance is ordinary, not the relatives are in the way, not because the men are goats, there are seven children, the cows are not milked, the pigs are not smoked, ....
And honestly and in all honesty – I say “Vlommm”
And if it breaks, it means you don’t really want it.
And if you don’t really want it, then maybe you don’t want it at all?
As soon as we figured out the “Vlommm” mantra, Yuri Bostan took the floor. Information entrepreneur, already a multiple millionaire. In general, a person who really works hard and effectively.
And Yura stated that in addition to the mantra “ VLOMM"there is a mantra in his life" DO NOT MIND IT»
The mantra “Forget it” is used when you have done everything you could, and the situation is going as it is.
For example, I prepared everything, calculated it, gave it my all, and at that moment one of the servers went down. Happens. And beginning information entrepreneurs spend a lot of nerves on such moments. Then, of course, you get used to it. I know it from myself.
“Forget” is not when you do absolutely nothing, sit, smoke bamboo, and princes, diamonds, money projects, dollars in bundles at once, golden toilets, trips to Cannes and Nice fall on you like manna from heaven.
Forget it - this is when you have done everything you can... and you have every right to relax.
After this, the mantra “Forget it” was tested on many projects. It really works.
You know, it’s like in Christianity and other religions there is a concept - letting go of the situation.
I have one friend whose husband really likes to yell. What can you do? Big business, big money, big nerves, and he’s a very good person, he worries about his family, takes care of his children, but it’s impossible to keep his emotions in check all the time. Have you heard that all diseases are caused by nerves?
And my friend, to be honest, is a kind Fairy (she just likes to misbehave, and not what Anton thought about when he read the article). Sometimes you can get away with something like that, Mom, don’t worry. Moreover, as a person she is wonderful, she cares about her children, and she sincerely loves her husband. But the fairy (hooligan) nature in her is simply indestructible.
As a result of another Fairy ritual (painting on expensive double-glazed windows), a ritual on the part of a friend resulted in a debriefing on the part of her husband. The Mexican series is resting with all the directors, writers and equipment. Let me say briefly - the guys were cooler.
After some time, discussing this situation, a friend said that he was very good and kind, but he was simply losing his temper. And she herself is a Fairy. Fuck it... in general.
This is how the great god “DANUNAH” manifested itself in our lives.
This is when you try, you do, but it still goes the way it goes. And the person does not change. And the apple tree grows apples, not pears, although you personally really want pears. You continue to do what you planned next, only very calmly, without internal emotional stress... Or you throw everything away and start building it all over again. You have a choice for both.
Well, after this whole story, a phrase appeared that helped overcome more than one server crash, clarify relationships with partners, and in general it helps a lot.
Here's the phrase:
“My friends, may the great power of the god “Danunakh” be with you and may the mantras “Vlomm” and “Forget” make your path easier.”
This humorous phrase means very simple and actually profound things.
Do everything you can for yourself and your loved ones. If you tried, but something didn’t work out, you need to come to terms with it, catch your breath and move on. People very often react not with their heads, but with their emotions, and this does not mean that they are bad, angry and want nasty things for you. They and you are just PEOPLE. With your problems, cockroaches, emotions, sores, grievances, fatigue, nerves (continue the list...)
For all ancient people, the world was filled with mystery. Much of what surrounded them was perceived as unknown and frightening. The ancient Egyptian deities were for people natural and helping to understand the structure of the universe.
Pantheon of ancient Egyptian gods
Beliefs in gods were embedded in ancient Egyptian civilization from the moment of its inception, and the rights of the pharaohs were based on their divine origin. The Egyptian pantheon was inhabited by deities with supernatural powers, with the help of which they helped believers and protected them. However, the gods were not always benevolent, therefore, in order to earn their favor, not only prayer was required, but also various offerings.
Historians know more than two thousand deities of the ancient Egyptian pantheon. The main gods and goddesses of Ancient Egypt, who were worshiped throughout the kingdom, number less than a hundred names. Many others were worshiped only in certain tribes and regions. With the development of ancient Egyptian civilization and culture, it was created national religion, which has been the subject of many changes. The gods and goddesses of Egypt often changed their status and place in the hierarchical ladder depending on the dominant political force.
Afterlife beliefs
The Egyptians believed that every human being was composed of physical and spiritual parts. In addition to sah (body), man had the essence of shu (shadow, or dark side of the soul), ba (soul), ka ( life force). After death, the spiritual part was freed from the body and continued to exist, but for this it needed physical remains or a substitute (for example, a statue) - as a permanent home.
The ultimate goal of the deceased was to unite his ka and ba to become one of the "blessed dead" living as an ah (spiritual form). In order for this to happen, the deceased had to be found worthy in a trial in which his heart was weighed against the “pen of truth.” If the gods considered the deceased worthy, he could continue to exist on earth in spiritual form. Moreover, it was initially believed that only the gods, as well as the goddesses of Egypt, possessed the essence of ba. For example, the Supreme Ra had as many as seven ba, but later the priests determined that every person possesses this essence, thereby proving their closeness to the gods.
It is equally interesting that the heart, and not the brain, was considered the seat of thoughts and emotions, so in court it could testify for or against the deceased.
Worship process
The gods were worshiped in temples run by priests acting on behalf of the pharaoh. In the center of the temple there was a statue of the god or goddess of Egypt to whom the cult was dedicated. Temples were not places of public worship or meeting. Typically, access to the personification of the deity and the ritual of worship was isolated from the outside world and was available only to ministers of the cult. Only during certain holidays and celebrations was the statue of God taken out for public worship.
Ordinary citizens could worship deities, having their own statues and amulets at home, they provided protection from the forces of chaos. Since the role of the pharaoh as the main spiritual intermediary was abolished after the New Kingdom, religious practices were refocused on direct As a result, priests developed a system of oracles to communicate the will of the gods directly to believers.
Appearance
Most in physical form tended to be a combination of human and animal, many of them associated with one or more animal species.
It was believed that the mood in which the gods or goddesses of Egypt were was directly dependent on the image of the animal accompanying their appearance. An angry deity was depicted as a ferocious lioness; in a good mood, a celestial being could look like an affectionate cat.
To emphasize the character and strength of the gods, it was also customary to depict them with the body of a man and the head of an animal, or vice versa. Sometimes this approach was used to clearly show the power of the pharaoh; he could be depicted with a human head and the body of a lion, as in the case of the Sphinx.
Many deities were represented only in human form. Among them were such figures as very ancient cosmogonic gods, as well as the goddesses of Egypt: air - Shu, earth - Geb, sky - Nut, fertility - Min, and the artisan Ptah.
There are a number of minor gods who took grotesque forms, including the goddess Amat, who devours the dead. Her image consists of parts of a crocodile, a lioness and a hippopotamus.
Ennead Gods
In ancient Egyptian mythology there are nine main solar gods, collectively known as the Ennead. The homeland of the great divine nine was the city of the sun Heliopolis, where the center of worship of the supreme god Atum (Amun, Amon, Ra, Pta) and other main deities associated with him was located. So, the main gods and goddesses of Egypt had the names: Amun, Geb, Nut, Isis, Osiris, Shu, Tefnut, Nephthys, Seth.
Supreme God of Ancient Egypt
Atum is the god of first creation, who created himself from the primary chaos. Nun, in one way or another, has family ties with all the main gods of Ancient Egypt. In Thebes, the creator god was considered Amun, or Amon-Ra, who, like Zeus in Greek mythology, was the supreme god, the king of all gods and goddesses. He was also considered the father of the pharaohs.
The female form of Amun is Amaunet. The "Theban Triad" - Amun and Mut, together with their offspring Khonsu (Moon God) - were worshiped in Ancient Egypt and beyond. Amun was the chief deity of Thebes, whose power grew as the city of Thebes grew from an insignificant village in the Old Kingdom into a powerful metropolis of the Middle and New Kingdoms. He rose to become the patron of the Theban pharaohs, and eventually began to appear as Ra, the dominant deity of the ancient kingdom.
Amon means "hidden, mysterious form." He most often appeared as a man wearing robes and a crown with double feathers, but sometimes supreme god depicted as a ram or goose. It was implied that the true nature of this god could not be revealed. The cult of Amon spread far beyond Egypt, he was worshiped in Ethiopia, Nubia, Libya and some areas of Palestine. The Greeks believed that the Egyptian Amon was a manifestation of the god Zeus. Even Alexander the Great saw fit to turn to the oracle of Amun.
Functions and names of the main gods of Ancient Egypt
- Shu is the husband of Tefnut, the father of Nut and Geb. He and his wife were the first gods created by Atum. Shu was the god of air and sunlight. Usually depicted as a man wearing a headdress in the form of a train. Shu's function was to hold the body of the goddess Nut and separate heaven from earth. Shu was not a solar deity, but his role in providing sunlight linked him to the god Ra.
- Geb is the father of Osiris, Isis, Set and Nephthys. He was in eternal union with the goddess Nut until Shu separated them. As the god of the earth, he was associated with fertility, and earthquakes were believed to be Gebe's laughter.
- Osiris is the son of Geb and Nut. He was revered as the god of the underworld. Having green skin - a symbol of renewal and growth - Osiris was also the god of vegetation and the patron of the fertile banks of the Nile. Despite the fact that Osiris was killed by his own brother Set, his wife Isis brought him back to life (to conceive his son Horus).
- Set - god of the desert and thunderstorms, later became associated with chaos and darkness. He was depicted as a man with the head of a dog with a long muzzle, but sometimes he is depicted as a pig, crocodile, scorpion or hippopotamus. Set is one of the leading characters in the legend of Isis and Osiris. As a result of the growing popularity of the cult of Osiris, Set became demonized and his images were removed from temples. Despite this, he was still worshiped as one of the major deities in some parts of Ancient Egypt.
Goddess mother
The pantheon is headed by the mother goddess, the patroness of moisture and heat, Tefnut. Shu's wife and the first goddess created by Atum is mentioned in myths as the daughter and eye of Ra. Later she became identified with Mut, the wife of Amun and the mother of Khonsu, and was one of the main Theban goddesses. Revered as the great Divine Mother. Mut is usually depicted as a woman wearing a white and red crown. She is sometimes depicted with the head or body of a vulture, or as a cow, because in a later period she merged with Hathor, another great Divine Mother, who was usually depicted as a woman with the horns of a cow.
Functions and names of goddesses of Ancient Egypt
Now let’s present a list of female divine hypostases.
- Nut is the goddess of the sky, mother of Osiris, Isis, Set and Nephthys, wife and sister of Hebe. Usually manifested in human form, her elongated body symbolizes the sky. Part of the cult of the underworld and guardian of souls, she was often depicted on the ceilings of temples, tombs and inside sarcophagus lids. To this day, on ancient artifacts you can find an image of this goddess of Egypt. Photos of ancient frescoes of Nut and Heb clearly show an idea of the structure of the universe.
- Isis is the goddess of motherhood and fertility, patroness of children and the oppressed, mother of the god Horus, wife and sister of Osiris. When her beloved husband was killed by her brother Set, she collected his dismembered body parts and bound them together with bandages, reviving Osiris and thus laying the foundation for the ancient Egyptian practice of mummifying their dead. By bringing Osiris back to life, Isis also introduced the concept of resurrection, which had a profound impact on other religions, including Christianity. Isis is depicted as a woman holding an ankh (key of life) in her hand, sometimes with female body and the head of a cow or with a crown in the form of cow horns.
- Nephthys, or Lady of the underground abode, is the second sister of Osiris, youngest child of the divine family of Hebe and Nut, often referred to as the goddess of death or the keeper of the scrolls. Later she was identified with the goddess Seshat, the patroness of the pharaohs, whose functions included protecting the royal archives and determining the duration of the reign of the pharaohs. Twilight was considered the time of this goddess; the Egyptians believed that Nephthys floated across the sky in a night boat, and Isis in a day boat. Both goddesses were revered as protectors of the dead, and were therefore often depicted as falcon or winged women in temples, tombs and on the lids of sarcophagi. Nephthys completes the list of “Main Goddesses of Egypt.” The list can be continued by no less revered ones.
Powerful Goddesses of Egypt
- Sekhmet - goddess of war and healing, patroness of the pharaohs and arbiter in the courtroom of Osiris. She was depicted as a lioness.
- Bastet is a goddess who was worshiped by Egyptian mothers. She was often depicted as a cat surrounded by kittens. For her ability to fiercely protect her children, she was considered one of the most ferocious and deadly goddesses.
- Maat was the personification of the goddess of truth, morality, justice and order. She symbolized the harmony of the universe and was the opposite of chaos. Therefore, she was the main participant in the ceremony of weighing the heart in the afterlife courtroom. Usually depicted as a woman with an ostrich feather on her head.
- Uto, or Buto, is the nurse of the god Horus. She was perceived and revered as the protector of the living and the patroness of the pharaohs. Butoh was always ready to strike at any potential enemy of the pharaoh, therefore she was depicted as a cobra entwining the solar disk (uraeus), and was often included in the royal regalia as a symbol of Egyptian sovereignty.
- Hathor is the goddess of motherhood and fertility, the patroness of the fine arts, also known as the mistress of heaven, earth and the underworld. A highly revered goddess among the ancient Egyptians. She was viewed as a wise, kind and affectionate protector of the living and the dead. Most often, Hathor was depicted as a woman with cow horns and a uraeus on her head.
These ancient female deities were highly revered by people. Knowing the names of the goddesses in Egypt, their tough temperament and speed of execution, the Egyptians pronounced their names in prayers with reverence and horror.