Subject: Good habits
Lesson on the topic “Oral hygiene”
Class: second
Goal: to form in children an understanding of the basic rules of oral hygiene, to develop practical skills in caring for teeth.
Objectives: develop healthy habits, educate children to have a conscious attitude towards maintaining their own health, broaden their horizons, develop the ability to argue their point of view, listen to their comrades.
Equipment: posters, pictures of useful products, lock, layout, toothbrush, paste, dental floss, toothpicks, Su-Jok
During the classes
1. Org. Moment
The bell rang
So the lesson has begun!
Everyone stood up at their desks beautifully,
Greeted politely!
2. Problem situation
welcome to school good habits! What good habits do you know?
Old Woman Shapoklyak runs in and starts hiding in the classroom.
Teacher: Hello, grandma! Have you lost something? Or did someone scare you?
S.Sh.: Scared, scared! What else was missing! I’m not worried about myself, I’m worried about Lariska! Well, you know her - she’s my assistant in petty mischief. So: we are sitting on a tree, gnawing walnuts, and throw the shells at passers-by. And then my Lariska starts screaming and squeaking!
Teacher: What happened?
S.Sh.: Yes, for some reason her teeth hurt! For three days she gave me no rest, she kept squealing and crying! She didn’t even let me sleep at night! I felt sorry for her, so I called the helpline and found out what to do! They told me to take her to this……… well, what is it called????? To the toothbrush?......no......To the dentist......no! Well, tell me! A……. definitely go to the dentist! So we got there, sat her in a chair, and then something started buzzing! So I ran away! And now I’m worried about her - she’s a friend after all!
Teacher: don’t worry, dear! Nothing bad happens there! They will treat your Lariska’s teeth and let you go!
S.Sh.: Well, okay, okay, we convinced you! But I just can’t understand why Lariska’s teeth suddenly decided to get sick.
Teacher: And today in our school of useful habits we will talk about teeth. Stay and you will understand everything.
S.Sh.: We convinced you, I’ll just sit here!
3. Introductory conversation. Lesson topic message.
So! The topic of our lesson is……..Oh! And on the board where I wrote the topic, there is a lock!
To open it we must check readiness for the lesson.
Exercise to relieve tension (take a deep breath through your nose, hold your breath and exhale sharply through your mouth - wow! 3 times)
The topic of the lesson “Oral hygiene” opens
Guess my riddle
Red doors in my cave,
White animals sit at the door.
Both meat and bread - all my spoils -
I gladly give it to white animals! (lips, mouth, teeth)
How many of you have had toothache at least once? (Hands up)
You see, almost everyone in the class experienced this unpleasant pain. Therefore, today we will get acquainted with the reasons that lead to dental diseases and find ways to prevent them. The motto of our lesson will be the words (we will read them in chorus)
Healthy teeth are a guarantee of health!
Explain why our health depends on the health of our teeth? (answers: teeth are involved in chewing food, if the food is poorly chewed, then digestive system will suffer, for example: stomach ache)
Not all teeth are pleasant to look at. Why?
Healthy teeth mean a beautiful smile and correct speech!
4. Repetition of the material covered. Solving the crossword puzzle.
1. Muscle tissue covering the roots of the teeth
2. Part of the tooth that we see
3. Heart of the tooth.
4. Dental bone
5. The invisible part of the tooth
7. Dentist, dentist
5. Working on the topic of the lesson
No matter how hard our teeth are, they often decay and hurt. Dentists remove about four tons of children's teeth every year. Why does this happen?
Every person has beneficial bacteria in their mouth, and there are caries bacteria. And these bacteria use the sugar that enters the mouth as fuel and produce acid from it. Acid dissolves the surface of the tooth, the enamel becomes weak. The process of acid dissolving teeth is called “acid attack,” but saliva neutralizes the acidity in the mouth for about half an hour.
Why is acid formed?
MICROBES+SUGAR=ACID
This is what happens to our teeth if we don't take care of them and eat a lot of sweets.
Which one of you loves sweets? Everyone loves sweets!
From all this, let us formulate the first rule:
-Follow the rules for eating sweet foods!
What foods are considered sweet foods? And I love sweets, but what if you can’t eat sweets at all?
It's possible, but it's correct! You need to control the number of “acid attacks”; you don’t need to eat constantly throughout the day, but plan your meals so that you don’t have more than 4-5 meals a day. Teeth normally tolerate “acid attacks” that occur during a normal diet: breakfast, lunch, dinner.
Second rule: Eat foods that are good for our teeth.
It is rich in carotene and useful for children
We can’t be dragged from the ground again by the green tail (carrot)
Round, ruddy I grow on a branch.
Adults and little children love me (apple)
Doctors also advise eating cottage cheese, milk, porridge, especially oatmeal, because... they contain calcium and phosphorus, which strengthen the enamel.
Do you know. That our teeth have friends?
Guess who they are! The toothbrush will definitely drive out all the germs with a whip.....(brush)
The White River has flowed into the cave, cleans white.....(toothpaste)
What can’t you roll up a mountain, carry in a sieve, or hold in your hands? (water)
-Brush, paste and water are my best friends! - our teeth say!
Fizminutka:
---“Thinking cap” (Exercise to improve attention). We rub our palms until a “warm lump” is formed, put the lump on our head, and twist our earlobes. 3 times)
Clear water flows
We know how to wash ourselves.
We take toothpaste
Brush your teeth firmly.
Wash your neck, wash your ears.
Afterwards we’ll dry ourselves off.
Turn your head to the right
Turn your head to the left.
Put your head down
And sit down quietly.
Exercises with Su-Jok
Third rule:
When and how should you brush your teeth? Enough only in the morning after breakfast and at night. What to do with your teeth after eating? (rinse)
-Brush your teeth twice a day!
How to choose the right toothbrush? (necessarily with soft bristles) What rules do you know for storing a brush? (V open form with the bristles up, having previously soaped it so that germs do not appear). Change the brush 4 times a year.
Do not use for other purposes and do not allow anyone else to use your toothbrush!) What toothpaste should you use? (appropriate for your age)
What other dental care items are there? (toothpicks and dental floss)
Are there rules for brushing your teeth?
The fourth rule is:
-Observe correct technique brushing your teeth!
We brush, brush our teeth and have fun
And to those who don’t clean them, we sing a song:
Hey, come on, don't yawn, don't forget about your teeth,
From below - up, from above - down, don’t be lazy to brush your teeth!
6. Practical work
With an open mouth, we brush the front teeth, first the upper front ones with a top-down motion, then the lower ones with a bottom-up motion from the outer and inside. We brush the molars in the same way. Move forward and backward only when cleaning the molars from above.
How I ate. Brush your teeth!
Do this twice a day
Prefer fruit to candy.
Very important products,
So that the tooth does not bother you
Remember this rule:
Let's go to the dentist
Visit twice a year
And then smiles light
You will save it for many years!
7. Summary
Did you like the lesson? What did you find particularly interesting?
S.Sh.: And I came up with my own rule: You can’t bite walnuts!
At the end of our lesson, let's make a reminder for Shapoklyak. What rules can we put in the form of drawings? (work in groups)
Exhibition of works.
D.Z. find or come up with riddles about teeth, compose a fairy tale.
Often, even adults do not brush their teeth as thoroughly as necessary, let alone children. As a rule, a child brushes his teeth only when reminded, does it hastily, has a lot of other things to do and has no time for uninteresting activities.
While parents can still brush children's teeth themselves, older children, of course, will no longer allow this. Parents cannot visually assess the quality of each teeth cleaning, and after three days the plaque hardens and is practically impossible to remove at home.
What's included in the lesson?
During a hygiene lesson, the doctor:
- Will teach your baby and you the rules of effective dental and oral care
- Will tell you about hygiene products - floss, brushes and other devices, as well as pastes, gels, rinses
- Examine the child’s oral cavity for signs of dental disease
- Assess the current level of hygiene
- IN game form will tell the child about dental instruments and equipment and let him try everything himself
- Establishes contact with the child for psychological adaptation to possible treatment in the future.
Insufficient hygiene, as well as an increase in the menu of modern children with simple carbohydrates, sugary drinks and drinks with a high acid content, leads to a rapid increase in the risk of developing caries from a very early age.
- Dental hygienists at the Edkarik children's clinic in Kaliningrad have experience in consulting children of various ages, so consultation with a professional will be interesting for both children and teenagers.
- A pediatric hygienist will introduce children to the basics of hygiene in a playful way and tell them why it is so important to brush their teeth regularly. The doctor will teach the child not to skip certain areas of the oral cavity, to pay attention to the gums, the inner and chewing surfaces of the teeth, and to guide the toothbrush correctly. Brushing your teeth will turn into a game for your baby, and it will be easier for him to follow the rules at home.
- The dentist will tell parents about the basic principles of choosing children's toothpaste and about preventive measures that will help maintain the health of your child's teeth.
You should not assume that advice on hygiene is needed only by children, while older children already “know everything.” The increase in the number of dental diseases caused by insufficient hygiene indicates the need for such consultations for patients of any age.
Of course, play methods will not give the desired effect with older children. But this age has its advantages. You can reasonably explain to schoolchildren why brushing your teeth is so important. The authority of the doctor as an external expert and just an outsider also plays a role, his convincing story about possible problems with teeth arising from insufficient hygiene. Schoolchildren are especially interested in visual experiments using special harmless preparations that color plaque on teeth in a contrasting color.
After training, the dentist can additionally carry out professional cleaning of the child’s teeth so that he himself can appreciate how great it is to have absolutely clean teeth.
Back forward
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Goals:
- To acquaint students with diseases of the teeth (caries) and gums (parodontosis), measures for their prevention.
- Review the basic rules for dental care.
- Cultivate a positive attitude towards a healthy lifestyle.
Equipment: diagrams, a replica of “Teeth and a toothbrush”, a poster “The structure of a tooth”, a video film, valeological introspection on the desk, toothpastes, a workshop “Brushing teeth”, handouts.
I. Organizing time.
(Class readiness for lesson)
A)- Hello guys.
Dentists remove about four tons of children's teeth every year..
How can we not get on this list??
How many of you have had toothache at least once? (Hands up).
You see, everyone in the class experienced this unpleasant pain.
Therefore, today in class we will get acquainted with diseases of the teeth and gums, find out the reasons that lead to dental diseases and find ways to prevent them.
Recording the topic in a notebook.
b) The motto of our elective lesson will be the words (read
them in chorus)
Healthy teeth are a guarantee of health
Explain why our health depends on the health of our teeth.
(answers: teeth are involved in chewing food, and, therefore, ensure the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract);
- If food is poorly chewed, then the digestive system will suffer from this (for example: stomach pain).
- Not all teeth are pleasant to look at. Why?
- Healthy teeth mean a beautiful and charming smile and correct speech.
II. Working on new material.
A)- Consider the structure of teeth (poster on the board (cards on the desk ( Appendix 3)). This is what a tooth is made of.
- Enamel is a hard coating (there is nothing harder in the body).
- Dentin is another hard substance that lies underneath the enamel.
- Beneath the dentin is the pulp, a soft tissue rich in blood vessels and nerves that provide sensitivity to the tooth.
- Teeth have roots that go deep into the jaw bone.
- The base of the tooth is surrounded on all sides by gum.
b) Disease of teeth and gums.
No matter how hard our teeth are, they often decay and hurt.
Among dental diseases, the most common is caries - the formation of holes (cavities) V hard tissues of the tooth.
(table“Dental disease. Caries") If the gums become inflamed, and others i.e. soft fabrics- This disease is called periodontitis. It can occur if caries is not treated, as well as from mechanical damage to the gums (for example, rough food, a toothbrush).
Write in a notebook.
Caries - formation of holes (cavities) in the hard tissues of the tooth.
Periodontitis - inflammation of the tissues around the tooth.
(if caries is not treated, inflammation of the tissues around the tooth (periodontitis) may occur.
Tell me, what causes tooth decay?
(answers: - Failure to comply with hygienic rules of dental care).
What basic rules of dental care do you know?
(answer: - brush your teeth 2 times a day, rinse your mouth after meals, do not eat cold or hot or vice versa, do not chew hard objects, visit the dentist, etc.)
V) Conversation with the school dentist.
(a dentist may be invited; conducts a conversation or competition...)
Question after watching.
What groups are toothpastes divided into? (hygienic and therapeutic and prophylactic).
What are hygiene products used for? (to remove plaque, mechanical cleaning).
Therapeutic and prophylactic contain herbal extracts, medicinal plants, vitamins, (they treat and carry out prevention.
(before class, the teacher offers to bring pastes or boxes of pastes)
On the table pastes, select therapeutic and prophylactic ones.
- Why do you think this is therapeutic and prophylactic? (read what is included in the composition) they treat and carry out prevention.
- Very good! (What pastes do you use at home?) (name).
- Take a close look at the composition of your pastes at home and determine which group they belong to? hygienic or therapeutic and prophylactic.
- In our area there is little fluorine in the water. What conclusion can be drawn? (It is better to use therapeutic and preventive pastes containing fluoride.)
G) Practical lesson.
One of the basic rules of oral care is correct teeth cleaning.(Appendix 4)
Now we will give you a practical lesson on brushing your teeth.
I have a layout on my desk. (Dima will perform the show on a mannequin, and you will use a comb and toothbrush for this).
Malkov reads the sequence out loud, everyone performs the actions (take your time).
Well done! One more time (finished).
III. Lesson summary.
- So what did we learn about in the lesson? Today we got acquainted with the main diseases of teeth and gums and repeated the basic rules of oral hygiene.
- Let's do some self-analysis.
- If you follow one or another rule, put a “+” sign next to it; if not, “-”.
- Compare the number of “pros” and “cons”.
- If the “+” is greater, then you are taking proper care of your teeth; if it is less, then you must conclude for yourself that you still need to supplement to maintain healthy and strong teeth.
IV. Paste all the materials that are on the desk into a notebook on the topic “Oral hygiene. Disease of teeth and gums." Thank you! Goodbye!
Modern ideas about the causes and development of diseases of the teeth and periodontal tissues, as well as the equipment and means of disease prevention available to the dentist, make it possible to move to the highest level of organization of care - to the introduction of methods of primary prevention of dental pathology. The main methods of prevention include: a general rational regimen, a balanced diet, rational oral hygiene, active sanitary and educational work using the method of medical and pedagogical persuasion.
The fundamental principle of the system for the prevention of dental diseases is the principle of an age-based approach to the implementation of all activities.
Work at the school begins on September 1. Nurse together with the school dentist, selects individual hygiene products for each student (toothbrush, toothpaste, glasses) and draws up a schedule of hygiene lessons, which are then approved by the school director (head teacher).
The hygienic training and education program is designed for training 3 age groups: 7-9 years old (grades 1-3), 10-14 years old (grades 4-7), 15-17 years old (grades 8-11).
In grades 1 and 2, 8 hours are allocated for these lessons. In 3rd grade, 16 hours. In senior grades, it is recommended that classes be taught separately for boys and girls.
Around the 3rd lesson, oral care training is provided. To transform knowledge into abilities, abilities into skills, the following are necessary: questioning, repetition, exercises in actions, control over the use of skills, encouragement of knowledge and actions.
Depending on the sanitary and hygienic situation at school, the location and plan for practical hygiene lessons will vary.
If there is a hygiene room at the school, both the general part of the lesson and practical training for children in brushing their teeth are carried out there.
If there is no hygiene room at school, a dentist's office is used. The theoretical part of the lesson with training of children on simulators should be carried out in the classroom, and individual training at the sink - in the dentist's office.
In unfavorable sanitary and hygienic conditions (if there are sinks only near the dining room), the lesson is limited to teaching children how to care for their teeth using simulators, and at the sink this is done before dental treatment in the process of planned sanitation or before special preventive procedures.
The formation of oral care skills is carried out simultaneously with teaching the elements of the actions that make up the skill.
There are six elements of oral care skill:
1. Before brushing your teeth, you need to wash your hands.
2. Rinse your mouth with water.
3. Rinse your toothbrush thoroughly with tap water.
4. Squeeze out toothpaste on the toothbrush to the length of its head.
5. Brush your teeth according to the scheme: each half of the jaw needs to be brushed
rub for 1-2 minutes and make 100-150 movements with the brush.
6. Rinse your mouth after every meal (at school - pos.
le lunch).
The technology of teeth cleaning involves cleaning the entire surface of the tooth enamel, especially actively in places where plaque accumulates (in the cervical part of the crown, on contact surfaces and directly at the edge of the gum).
1. The movement of the toothbrush along the dentition should go from left to right.
2. Brushing the upper teeth precedes brushing the lower teeth.
3. Cleaning the front surface precedes cleaning the back surface.
surface.
4. When installing the brush on the dentition, it is important that the most
difficult to clean areas, such as interdental spaces, were
completely covered with brush.
5. Due to the danger of damaging the bottom of the gingival sulcus with bristles
toothbrush, its vertical movements should have only one
direction: from the gums to the line of closure of the teeth and should begin with
gum surface.
Types of toothbrush movements
1. Vertical along the front and back surfaces of the teeth. On
On the buccal side of the dentition, the bristles are installed so that the working
the part is adjacent to the teeth horizontally, capturing several teeth.
On the back surface of the teeth, it is only possible to install a brush under
angle 45-90 degrees.
2. Horizontal movements along the surface of the closure of the teeth
Dov V longitudinal and transverse direction.
Teeth cleaning ends with “sweeping” movements along the surface of the teeth.
The dentition is divided into several segments. Cleaning begins with the upper right molars. It is recommended to make 10 movements with the brush on each quadrant of the jaws from the outside And the inner surface, as well as on the chewing surface. At least 300 movements must be made on two rows of teeth.
To consolidate and improve the skill, it is necessary to systematically test the teeth brushing technique of schoolchildren.
After demonstrating the teeth brushing technique, children undergo supervised tooth brushing (with plaque staining) once V week under the supervision of a nurse.
Teeth brushing is monitored by using the Schiller-Pisarev test. There are two possible approaches to staining plaque:
a) before brushing teeth, indicating to children areas of dental retention
plaque and subsequent brushing of teeth;
b) after thorough brushing, teeth staining and re-staining
cleaning.
Subsequently, controlled brushing of teeth in preschoolers is carried out during preventive measures. Each check, in turn, should be accompanied by an individual correction of the teeth brushing technique for each student.
LITERATURE
/. Bukreeva N.M., Gakkel L.V. Hygienic training and education of children and adolescents on the prevention of dental diseases in a school setting. - Leningrad. 1986. - 70 p.
2. Leontyev V.K., Suntsov V.G., Distel V.A. Hygienic organization system
who should educate the population during primary prevention of dental caries
diseases in children // Dentistry, 1986. - No. 1. - p. 67-71.
3. Pakhomov G.N. Primary prevention in dentistry. - M., 1982. - 239 p.
4. Suntsov V.T., Leontyev V.K., Distel V.A. Sanitary education ra
bot in the system of primary prevention of dental caries in children organized
teams (methodological instructions). - Omsk, 1982. - 11 p.
5. Udovitskaya E.V., Parpaley E.A., Savchuk N.O. Organization of training schools
nicks to hygienic oral care. - Kyiv, 1987. - 26 p.
15.1.5. Methodology for conducting health education among parents during the introduction of primary dental prevention in children
Currently existing organizational approaches and treatment methods are not able to reduce the ever-increasing prevalence and intensity of oral diseases. Therefore, in solving this problem, primary prevention of dental diseases should come to the aid of dentists, the implementation of which will reduce the likelihood of these diseases occurring and will reduce the need V their treatment will enable the dentist to devote more time to disease prevention.
Their parents can play a significant role in the implementation of primary dental prevention in children. Developing a conviction among parents of the need to observe the rules of a healthy lifestyle for their children based on scientific knowledge of the causes of the disease, methods of preventing them and maintaining the body in healthy condition- the goal of health education work among parents. Sanitary educational work precedes and accompanies teaching oral hygiene, of which it is the foundation.
Sanitary educational work is based on two directions: promoting medical knowledge about a healthy lifestyle, ways and methods of maintaining health, disease prevention, and agitating parents for compliance with the rules healthy image life and prevention of illnesses of their children through education and persuasion.
To promote medical knowledge among parents, it is recommended to organize a meeting before the parent meeting in the classroom or
To the group. It is undesirable to unite parents of several classes or groups (in preschool institutions), since in this case the lecture or conversation is poorly received. At the same time, parents need to be concerned about the condition of teeth and oral cavity organs among children and arouse interest in carrying out and maintaining measures for the prevention of dental diseases planned in children's groups. The duration of the conversation should not exceed 15-25 minutes, since approximately the same amount of time will be required to answer questions. The conversation should be lively, with many examples, illustrations, and transparencies. It is necessary to use the screening of films (on parent meetings); issuing a sanitary wall print reflecting the issues of preventing dental diseases, as well as distributing leaflets among parents and students containing in brief basic hygienic information on the problem. It should be remembered that the form of presentation and content of recommendations must correspond to the cultural level of the population and living conditions in the region.
Sanitary educational work among parents, as one of the main effective links in ensuring hygienic education, should be carried out in the following sections:
1. Maternal health, nutrition and oral health of the future child
benka.
2. Oral diseases and children's health.
3. The importance of general health for the condition of the oral cavity.
4. The role of quality nutrition in the prevention of stripe diseases
you mouth.
5. The preventive value of personal hygiene.
6. Drug prevention of diseases of the oral cavity and
health of the expectant mother and young child.
7. Hygienic education of schoolchildren.
For parents of preschool children, it is recommended to plan the main conversation “It is possible to prevent oral diseases”, which is initially conducted once in each preschool institution and school by a dentist with parents, as an indicator for medical staff and kindergarten teachers, who are obliged, according to the plan, to duplicate it for all groups and classes. The following conversation plan is recommended: a) the importance of oral health for the general condition of the child’s body (5 min); b) the importance of nutritional quality in ensuring oral health and food intake rules (15 min); c) the role of general health measures in the development and condition of organs and tissues of the oral cavity (5 min); d) revealed
lenition and elimination bad habits(10 min); e) oral hygiene (10 min); f) ways to prevent oral diseases (15 min).
As part of this conversation, it is necessary to emphasize points that correspond to the age of the children whose parents are being worked with. In addition, every year one new issue is highlighted in the conversation: with parents of children in the nursery group (1-2 years old) - about the need for dental monitoring of children whose mothers had a pathological pregnancy; with the children's parents first junior group- about viral stomatitis, which is most common at this age; the second younger group - about the importance of active chewing and ways to develop this skill; middle group- about the psychological preparation of children for the need to visit the dentist; senior group- about the change of teeth and complications of this process, in particular a decrease in the intensity of chewing; preparatory group - about the essence of dental caries, the principles of its prevention and treatment.
It is advisable to present the theses of the main conversation in wall print. The most flexible and popular form is the parent corner, the materials of which should be planned monothematically. On an individual basis, parents should be invited to a demonstration or ongoing lesson with children on oral hygiene. You can also present the specified topic in artistic form by creating a series of filmstrips, films, phonograms, organize themed games, theatrical meetings, appearances in print, on radio and television.
Through health centers (healthy lifestyles), it is possible to purchase replicated health education materials (leaflets, leaflets, booklets, etc.). With systematic work on hygienic education, begun with the parent team of children in nursery groups, the emphasis on individual issues according to age can be planned in such a way as to ensure uniform updating of the text of conversations with the obligatory preservation of all 6 main points due to the expanded presentation of some materials. Their choice is due to the need to create a basis of hygienic knowledge among parents by the period when the active systematic education of children begins.
Here is an example text of a conversation for parents of preschool institutions.
PREVENTION OF CARIES
Caries is the most common human disease. Up to 98% of the population suffers from diseases of the teeth and gums.
Dental diseases lead to rheumatism, chronic tonsillitis, heart, stomach, kidney, and lung diseases. Therefore, measures to prevent caries and its complications are very important.
Adults should help the child correctly implement caries prevention measures. You need to brush your teeth 2 times a day: in the morning and in the evening before bed. The toothbrush should have a small head made of artificial bristles. Under no circumstances should two or more people use the same brush. After use, it is recommended to wash the toothbrush thoroughly with soap and store it in a glass or cup. The brush can be stored in specially closed cases only temporarily, for example, when traveling.
A new brush should be washed thoroughly before use, and then left thickly soaped in a glass overnight. It is not advisable to boil the brush, as this will cause it to lose its original shape and the bristles may fall out. You need to change your toothbrush 4 times a year.
A child should be taught to brush their teeth and rinse their mouth from the age of 2. At the same time, he must be taught to properly use one toothbrush and only then apply toothpaste. It is also necessary to teach your child to rinse his mouth after every meal.
The most effective hygiene regimen should be brushing your teeth in the morning after sleep and in the evening after eating, with mandatory rinsing of the mouth after breakfast, lunch, afternoon snack and dinner. One-time cleaning is less effective. Irregular care does not achieve anything, since plaque has time to become saturated with salts and is not removed by brushing; the harmful effects of food debris and microbes remain. The caries-causing effect of solid, easily digestible carbohydrates stuck in the grooves of teeth and interdental spaces is relatively high. With poor oral hygiene, soft plaque containing microorganisms accumulates in these same areas, as well as in the neck area of the teeth. Carbohydrates under the influence of oral microflora are converted into acids that destroy tooth enamel. Dental caries occurs.
Meanwhile, it would be wrong to think that children should not be given sweets or sugar at all. Sweets serve as specific light food
a food irritant that normalizes the tone of the nervous system of children. However, such a positive effect of sweets on the nervous system is observed only when they are consumed in moderation - no more than 15-20% of the total daily amount of carbohydrates per day. Honey, jam, sweets and other sweets that contain 60% sugars are recommended to be consumed with liquid (tea, milk, water), the amount of which should be 10-12 times greater than the amount of sweets. If, after taking easily digestible carbohydrates, the mouth is rinsed with water, then a very small amount of sugar remains in the mouth. Taking carbohydrates as the last course, sweet sticky food (cookies, sticky candies) is especially harmful, since carbohydrates are stored in the oral cavity for a particularly long time. Taking carbohydrates as the last meal at night can have a strong, caries-inducing effect, since the resulting acids have a long-lasting effect on the teeth. Moreover, the high content created during intake is not in itself a caries-causing factor; it is the remains of carbohydrates after eating that create such a danger. It should also be remembered that for the development of caries, it is not the absolute amount of carbohydrates taken that is important, but the frequency of their intake. It is recommended to consume carbohydrates only at breakfast and lunch.
By the time teeth erupt, the tooth enamel still has an inferior composition. When the child develops properly, the eruption of permanent teeth coincides with the loss of temporary teeth. At the age of 6, the first permanent tooth appears. Parents should know that during the period of complete teething, sweets (especially gummy candies, cakes, cookies and other confectionery products) must be excluded from the child’s diet and replaced with dairy products, fruits, and vegetables. To increase the resistance of tooth enamel to the action of factors that cause caries, each child must adhere to the following rules:
1. Properly brush your teeth twice a day, morning and evening.
2. Do not consume a lot of sweets and flour products, especially during the holidays.
as the last dish for the night.
3. After every meal and sweets, rinse your mouth with water.
(better than alkaline mineral).
4. Between meals, rinse your mouth with a solution
salt 2-3 times a day. ■
5. Drink milk and tea slowly, holding milk and tea in your mouth.
6. Chew vigorously and a lot, do not give up hard vegetables
and fruits.
7. Perform exercises to train teeth and jaws, especially
rarely clenching his teeth weakly and tightly, closing and opening his mouth easily and with
great strength.
8. Temper your body and do gymnastics.
9. Visit the dentist 2 times a year even if there are no complaints.
You should brush your teeth for at least 3-5 minutes by the clock, dividing
each half of the jaw into three sections. The movements of the brush should go from the gum to the tooth vertically. First, clean the tooth surface from the lip, then from the tongue, and finally the chewing surface. The chewing surfaces of the teeth must be brushed with horizontal movements; lingual and buccal - from bottom to top on the lower jaw and from top to bottom on the upper jaw. The central teeth should be brushed with the jaws closed using vertical movements.
For children with a healthy gum mucosa, special children's hygiene pastes “Artek”, “Cheburashka”, “Yagodka”, “Moidodyr”, “Children’s” and a number of others can be recommended for care. The use of tooth powders to care for children's teeth is not recommended, because... they wear away more of the hard tissues of the tooth, which are less durable in children than in adults.
In case of multiple dental caries in children, it is most advisable to use “Pearl” paste, containing special anti-caries substances, and fluoride-containing pastes.
Children should know ten rules for brushing teeth (text adapted for older preschoolers):
1. The brush should have a curved handle and short, 2-3 teeth,
head with bristles and sparse bushes.
2. Before brushing your teeth, the brush should be washed with warm water.
3. You need to learn to brush your teeth without toothpaste, and once you have learned, use
call and pasta.
4. It is better not to use tooth powder, because... they can stop
to nudge.
5. First you need to brush the front surface of your teeth with movements
brushes in one direction: top - top to bottom, bottom - bottom
up 5 times on two teeth, moving the brush from the far teeth to the left
to the far teeth on the right, first at the top, then at the bottom, and then the back
the lower surface of the teeth in the same order.
6. Then you need to clean the chewing surface, top first
them, then the lower teeth - from the far teeth on the left to the far teeth
on the right 5 times in each direction, then from front to back 5 times for two
teeth.
7. At the end of brushing your teeth, you need to “sweep up” everything that has been cleaned up to the tooth.
in rows, grabbing the gum, first at the top, then at the bottom, then on the left
right.
8. After cleaning, the brush should be washed, soaped and
top up into a glass.
9. You need to brush your teeth twice a day - after sleep or breakfast and
before bedtime.
10. Have a new brush in spring, autumn, summer and winter.
Proper regular brushing of teeth should become hygienic
a habit for life.
Proper nutrition- consumption of milk, cottage cheese, cheese, fish, fresh vegetables and fruits, good chewing, consumption of hard foods, regular dental care helps prevent diseases of teeth and gums.
LITERATURE
1. Borovsky E.V., Kuzmina E.M., Nemetskaya T.I. Primary prevention of wasps
new dental diseases. Educational and methodological manual. - M.,
1986. - 74 p.
2. Leontiev V.K., Magid E.V.. Suntsov V.G. and etc. Oral hygiene and its treatment
educational and preventive value. - Volgograd, 1987. - 19 p.
3. Leontyev V.K., Suntsov V.G., Distel V.A. Sanitary education work
that in the system of primary prevention of dental caries in children in organized
teams ( Guidelines). - Omsk, 1982. - 11 p.
4. Pakhomov G.N. Primary prevention in dentistry. - M., 1982. - 237 p.
5. Razumeeva G.I., Udovitskaya E.V., Bukreeva N.M. Primary prevention
dental diseases in children. - Kyiv, 1987. - 152 p.
6. Sanitary and educational conversations on dentistry for the population (method
Clinical instructions for students edited by Professor V.I. Karnitsky). -
Omsk, 1982. - 116 p.
CLASS.
OUR TEETH AND CARE FOR THEM.
Target: To promote the formation of a caring attitude among schoolchildren towards their own health, in particular, towards dental health.
Tasks:
1. Give an idea of the importance of teeth in the life of the body, their distribution in the jaw; 2 . Promote understanding proper care taking care of teeth and convincing children of the need to follow these rules;
3. Encourage students to follow personal hygiene rules;
4. Instilling in children the belief that if hygiene rules are followed, everyone can have healthy teeth.
Equipment:
1. Schemes: “How to brush your teeth”, “Let’s count our teeth”, “This is how a tooth grows”, “This is useful, this is harmful”;
2. cards for students;
3. posters: “If teeth could suddenly speak, then they would immediately begin to teach us: brush, clean, clean, clean, take your time, scratch us both outside and inside,” “Judge our health not by our years, but on the teeth”, “Strong teeth – good health”, “Beautiful teeth – a beautiful smile”;
4. cartoon: "Tari Bird".
Age of students:
8 - 10 yearsProgress of the lesson:
Introduction: Children are usually very afraid of the dentist,but if you take care of it correctlyteeth, then you have nothing to be afraid of - after all, you have healthy teeth.
Characters:Queen "Toothbrush", class students.
K.Z.SH. Hello children! I'm the Toothbrush Queen. Guess my riddle and you will immediately understand what our lesson is about.
Thirty-two cheerful friends
Clinging to each other
Up and down they rush in a hurry,
They gnaw bread, gnaw nuts.
D. Teeth.
K.Z.SH. Well done! Today we will talk about teeth, why we need teeth, how to care for teeth, why they start to hurt. Guys, what do you know about teeth and what important role do they fulfill?
D. They grind food.
- Without teeth, normal digestion is impossible. Food is crushed and chewed with teeth. Teeth contribute to the clear pronunciation of sounds and decorate the face.
K.Z.SH. Look in the mirror at your teeth. Humans have 32 teeth. Are all your teeth the same?
D. No
K.Z.SH. Right. They are different. In front you have sharp incisors and they can easily chew through carrots; there are 8 of them. Behind them are four strong fangs. They help us bite into something hard or sticky. A - behind - 8 and 12 large molars. Their job is to grind food. Children have only 20 teeth. Yes, and those dairy ones. At about 6 months, children have their first baby teeth, which will fall out by age 12, and new, permanent teeth will grow in their place. Therefore, once in a lifetime, every person replaces his teeth with new ones. Let's look at why baby teeth fall out.
K.Z.SH. distributes signs to children with the diagram “This is how a tooth grows.”
D. All the first teeth in children are called baby teeth, each such tooth is located on top of its fellow, which is called permanent
K.Z.SH. At first, the adult or permanent tooth is very small. But time passes and he begins to grow. And then he pushes his dairy brother out. Therefore, when milk teeth are replaced by permanent ones, we must treat them with special care.
K.Z.SH. Now let's watch a cartoon about a crocodile whose teeth hurt (watching the cartoon "Tari Bird").
Why does the crocodile have toothache?
D. He didn't brush his teeth.
K.Z.SH. That's right, he didn't like his teeth and didn't brush them. So they got sick. Do you love your teeth?
D. Yes!
K.Z.SH. What do you think should be done to keep your teeth beautiful and healthy?
D. (children's answers)
K.Z.SH. Let's play the game "Helpful-harmful."
I will name the products, and you will raise your hands up and clap your hands if the product is good for your teeth and squat if the product is harmful.
And so attention! (children stand and form a semicircle, the teacher names the products: carrots, candy, apple, cake, milk, nuts, turnips, chocolate, fish, ice cream.
Well done! (a table with harmful and healthy foods is posted on the board)
K.Z.SH. Why are these products useful? (points to healthy foods)
D. They are rich in vitamins and strengthen teeth.
K.Z.SH. We learned about healthy products, now make me happy and raise your hands who brushes their teeth?
How many times should you brush your teeth?
D. You should brush your teeth twice a day - in the morning and before bed, and after eating, always rinse your mouth with warm water.
Each person should have their own toothbrush. The brush not only cleans your teeth, but also massages your teeth.
K.Z.SH. Let's learn how to brush your teeth. (Calls the children to the “jaw” model).
Comments on all actions.
The upper teeth should be brushed with movements from top to bottom (children repeat all movements), the lower teeth - from bottom to top. You need to brush your teeth not only from the outside, but also from the inside. It is better to brush the chewing surface of your teeth using circular movements. Finally, the teeth are closed and the entire dentition is brushed in a circular motion. It takes at least three minutes to brush your teeth well. You should only use your own toothbrush and make sure it is always clean.
Stiff bristles
Smooth back.
Who doesn't know me
He is in pain.
Summary:
K.Z.SH. Popular wisdom says: “Healthy teeth are good for health. Let's take care of our teeth. I give you toothbrushes. Let them help your teeth be healthy.
In the next lesson we will learn:
What types of toothpastes are there?
What types of toothbrushes are there?
How not to be afraid of the dentist;
How to help a tooth if it is sick
What parts does each tooth consist of?
The most important enemies of teeth are microbes and harmful bacteria! They appear on the teeth after eating and multiply very quickly, a huge number of microbes and bacteria will begin to destroy them and... caries
Oh oh oh! Hurt!!! What should you do to prevent your teeth from hurting?
1 . Be sure to brush your teeth twice a day, morning and evening! And no less than 3 minutes! And it is important to do it correctly!!!
2. Rinse your mouth after eating! 3. Use dental floss and toothpicks 4. And be sure to visit the dentist at least twice a year!
Proper nutrition is the key to dental health Better friends teeth – fluoride and calcium. Fish, walnuts and almonds, beans and soybeans, raisins, dried apricots and other dried fruits, green vegetables (cabbage, lettuce, garden herbs, especially parsley) are rich in calcium.
Thank you for your attention!!!