In the vast majority of cases, a private developer independently arranges water supply, sewerage and sewerage systems. The receiver of dirty waste is a septic tank, which is made of concrete rings. It can also be made in the form of a pit, lined with bricks and coated with clay. More practical owners set up a septic tank using special sealed containers that ensure cleanliness environment. But even in this case, they are obliged to comply with the rules for the location of such devices. All these rules are regulated Federal Law dated March 30, 1999 N 52-FZ “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population” and the Code of Rules SP 30-102 - 99 “Planning and development of low-rise residential areas” housing construction" All these sanitary standards for private homes are subject to mandatory compliance.

Standards for the location of building boundaries in private households

• A residential building must be at least 5 m from the red line of the road, and at least 3 m from residential streets.
• The distance between residential buildings must be at least 6 m.
• The distance from the fence to the wall of a residential building must be at least 1.5 m.
• The distance from the economic block in which livestock is kept to the borders of the neighboring one land plot must be at least 4 meters.
• The distance from the farm block in which livestock is kept to other buildings (garage, bathhouse, shower room, warehouse, vegetable storehouse, etc.) must be at least 1 meter.
• The distance from a residential building to buildings for keeping livestock and poultry should not be less than 12 m.
• From the source drinking water there must be at least 12 m to the septic tank.
• There must be at least 7 m from the cellar and vegetable storage to the compost pit and buildings for keeping livestock and poultry.
• It should be noted that it is strictly prohibited to use sewer containers or septic tanks without sealing the bottom surface, provided that more than 1 m3 of gray water is discharged daily. Thus, if more than 2 people live in a house year-round, then the septic tank should be equipped with a waterproof bottom.

There is also an obligation to comply with certain standards in garden arrangement: planting fruit trees and berry bushes. Large trees should be planted at least 5 meters from the walls of a private house. They should be 3 meters from the boundary or fence separating your site from the neighboring one, 1 - 1.5 m from masts and power poles. Berry and other shrubs can be planted at a distance of 1.5 m from residential buildings and 1 m. from a fence or boundary.

Responsibility for violation of sanitary standards

If sanitary standards for private houses are violated, administrative liability is provided for this. If there are disagreements with your neighbors regarding the incorrect location of sanitation and hygiene facilities or utility and other buildings from your point of view, you can first submit an application to the District Administration with a request to resolve this issue. If such intervention does not help, then you can safely go to court with statement of claim, in which you should indicate which specific object location parameters are violated. As an evidence base, you can use a plan of the site and buildings on it, with the obligatory indication of boundaries and distances. You can also order a copy of the technical passport of the neighboring plot from the BTI.

Since the trial is a very lengthy process, in order to take quicker measures, you can contact the prosecutor's office with a request to check the location of buildings and sewer systems on your neighbors' property for compliance with federal law. This measure is most effective if you have evidence of harm caused by violation of sanitary standards by unscrupulous neighbors. This could be an analysis of drinking water, photos of obvious drains from a neighboring area, and other facts according to the circumstances of the case.

Recently, the new “Sanitary epidemiological requirements to living conditions in residential buildings and premises" (SanPiN 2.1.2. 2645-10). This key document regulates the requirements for residential buildings and apartments - what the surrounding area should be like, how much daylight should get into the apartments, where toilets and bathrooms can be located - all these important aspects are explained in the document. Let's get acquainted with some of the main provisions of the new SanPin.

Sanitary rules establish mandatory sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises, which must be observed during the placement, design, reconstruction, construction and operation of residential buildings and premises intended for permanent residence.

The requirements of these sanitary rules do not apply to living conditions in buildings and premises of hotels, hostels, specialized homes for the disabled, orphanages, rotation camps.

Requirements for the site and territory of residential buildings when placing them

The area allocated for residential buildings must:

Be located outside the territory of industrial-municipal, sanitary-protection zones of enterprises, structures and other objects, the first zone of the sanitary protection zone of water supply sources and drinking water pipelines;

Meet the requirements for the content of chemical and biological substances potentially hazardous to humans, biological and microbiological organisms in the soil, air quality, level ionizing radiation, physical factors (noise, infrasound, vibration, electromagnetic fields) in accordance with sanitary legislation Russian Federation.

The land plot allocated for the construction of a residential building must provide for the possibility of organizing a local area with clear functional zoning and placement of recreation areas, playgrounds, sports areas, utility areas, guest parking for vehicles, and green spaces.

When landscaping the local area of ​​residential buildings, it is necessary to take into account that the distance from the walls of residential buildings to the axis of tree trunks with a crown with a diameter of up to 5 m should be at least 5 m. For larger trees, the distance should be more than 5 m, for shrubs - 1.5 m The height of the bushes should not exceed the lower edge of the window opening of the premises on the first floor.

There should be no transit traffic on the internal driveways of the local area. Access to waste disposal sites must be provided for special vehicles.

Distances between residential, residential and public, and industrial buildings should be taken in accordance with the hygienic requirements for insolation and sun protection of residential and public buildings and territories.

On land plots, entrances and passages to each building must be provided. Places for parking or garages for cars must comply with the hygienic requirements for sanitary protection zones and the sanitary classification of enterprises, buildings and other objects.

In local areas, it is prohibited to wash cars, drain fuel and oils, or adjust sound signals, brakes and engines.

Areas in front of house entrances, driveways and pedestrian paths must have hard surfaces. When installing hard surfaces, the possibility of free drainage of melt and storm water must be provided.

It is prohibited to place in the courtyards of residential buildings:

Any trading enterprises and Catering, including tents, kiosks, stalls, mini-markets, pavilions, summer cafes,

Production facilities,

Enterprises for minor repairs of cars, household appliances, shoes,

Parking lots of public organizations.

Cleaning of the territory should be carried out daily, including in the warm season - watering the territory, winter time– anti-icing measures (removal, sprinkling with sand, anti-icing reagents, etc.).

The courtyard areas of residential buildings should be illuminated in the evening. Lighting standards are given in Appendix 1 to these sanitary rules.

Requirements for residential premises and premises public purpose located in residential buildings

Placing residential premises in apartments on the ground and basement floors is not permitted.

In residential buildings, the placement of public premises, engineering equipment and communications is allowed, subject to compliance with hygienic standards for noise, infrasound, vibration, and electromagnetic fields.

In the basement and ground floors of such residential buildings, it is allowed to install built-in and built-in-attached parking lots for cars and motorcycles, provided that the ceilings are air-tight and equipped with a device for removing exhaust gases from vehicles.

Public premises built into residential buildings must have entrances isolated from the residential part of the building.

The placement of industrial production in residential premises is not allowed.

Public premises built into residential buildings must have entrances isolated from the residential part of the building, while parking areas for personnel vehicles must be located outside the local area.

Loading materials and products for public premises from the courtyard of a residential building, where windows and entrances to apartments are located, is not allowed. Loading should be done: from the ends of residential buildings that do not have windows; from underground tunnels or closed landing stages; from the highways.

Residential buildings with a height of more than five floors must be equipped with elevators (freight and passenger). When equipping a house with elevators, the dimensions of one of the cabins must ensure the possibility of transporting a person on a stretcher or wheelchair.

It is not allowed to place an engine room and elevator shafts, a garbage collection chamber, a garbage chute shaft and a device for cleaning and washing it, or an electrical panel room above or below living rooms, as well as adjacent to them.

The following is not allowed in apartments:

The location of bathrooms and toilets directly above the living rooms and kitchens, with the exception of two-level apartments, in which it is allowed to place a toilet and a bath (or shower) directly above the kitchen;

Fastening of devices and pipelines sanitary facilities directly to the enclosing structures of the living room, inter-apartment walls and partitions, as well as to their extensions outside the living rooms.

Arrange the entrance to the room equipped with a toilet directly from the kitchen and living rooms, with the exception of the entrance from the bedroom to the combined bathroom, provided that there is a second room in the apartment, equipped with a toilet, with an entrance to it from the corridor or hall.

Requirements for heating, ventilation, microclimate and indoor air environment

Heating systems must ensure uniform heating of the air in the premises throughout the entire heating period, do not create odors, do not pollute the indoor air with harmful substances released during operation, do not create additional noise, and must be accessible for routine repairs and maintenance.

The difference between the indoor air temperature and the temperature of the wall surfaces should not exceed 3°C; the difference between the air temperature of the premises and the floor should not exceed 2°C.

Natural ventilation of residential premises should be carried out by air flow through vents, transoms, or through special openings in window sashes and ventilation ducts. Duct exhaust openings should be provided in kitchens, bathrooms, toilets and drying cabinets.

The design of the ventilation system must prevent the flow of air from one apartment to another.

Association is not allowed ventilation ducts kitchens and sanitary facilities with living rooms.

Requirements for natural and artificial lighting and insolation (exposure to sunlight)

Living rooms and kitchens of residential buildings must have daylight through light openings in the external building envelope.

All premises of residential buildings must be provided with general and local artificial lighting.

The normalized duration of continuous insolation for premises of residential buildings is established for certain calendar periods differentiated depending on the type of apartments, the functional purpose of the premises, planning zones city ​​and geographic latitude:

The standard duration of insolation must be provided in no less than one room of 1-3-room apartments and no less than two rooms of 4 or more room apartments.

For residential buildings located in the northern and central zones, it is allowed to reduce the duration of insolation by 0.5 hours in the following cases:

In two-room and three-room apartments, where at least two rooms are insulated;

In four and multi-room apartments, where at least three rooms are insulated.

Requirements to interior decoration residential premises

The release of harmful chemicals from construction and finishing materials, as well as from materials used for the manufacture of built-in furniture, should not create concentrations in residential premises that exceed the standard levels established for the atmospheric air of populated areas.

Requirements for water supply and sewerage

Residential buildings should provide drinking and hot water supply, as well as sewerage and drains.

Connecting drinking water supply networks with water supply networks supplying non-potable water is not permitted. Quality tap water must comply with the hygienic requirements for water quality of centralized drinking water supply systems.

Removal requirements household waste and garbage

If there is a garbage chute in a residential building, the hatches of the garbage chutes should be located on staircase landings. The covers of the loading valves of garbage chutes on staircases must have a tight seal, equipped with rubber gaskets. It is not allowed to place garbage chutes in the walls enclosing living rooms.

The location of the garbage collection chamber directly under or adjacent to living rooms is not allowed.

Containers and other containers intended for collecting household waste and garbage must be removed or emptied daily.

State sanitary and epidemiological regulation
Russian Federation

State sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations

2.1.2. DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS, PUBLIC SERVICE ENTERPRISES, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, CULTURE, RECREATION, SPORTS

to residential buildings and premises

SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00

Ministry of Health of Russia

Moscow 2001

1. Developed by: Department of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Ministry of Health of Russia ( Shestopalov N.V.); Federal Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of the Ministry of Health of Russia ( Chiburaev V.I., Volkov S.D., Dvoskin Ya.G., Kudryavtseva B.M., Lagunov S.I., Malkov E.M., Martynova S.M., Mitin A.V., Nedogibchenko M. .K., Sterlikov A.V.); Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene named after. A.N. Sysina RAMS ( Gubernsky Yu.D., Kalinina N.V., Melnikova A.N., Orlova N.S., Teksheva L.M.); Department of Municipal Hygiene of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education ( Bobkova T.E.); Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance in the Voronezh Region ( Chubirko M.I.),; Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance in Sverdlovsk region (Nikonov B.I., Tkachenko S.G.);Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after. F.F. Erisman of the Russian Ministry of Health ( Vinokur I.L., Gildenskiold R.S.); Research Institute of Occupational Medicine of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences ( Paltsev Yu.P.);Gosstroy of Russia ( Glukharev V.A., Viktorova L.A.).

3. Approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation - First Deputy Minister of Health of the Russian Federation G.G. Onishchenko12/15/2000.

4. Introduced for the first time.

5. They do not require state registration, since they carry technical nature they do not contain any other legal norms (letter of the Ministry of Justice of Russia dated April 16, 2001 No. 07/37610-UD).

The recognition by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation of an act of the Federal executive body as not requiring state registration means that during a legal examination it was established that the act was issued within the competence of the federal executive body and complies with the legislation of the Russian Federation, but does not require state registration (letter from the Ministry of Justice of Russia dated 05/03/01 No. 07/4315-UD).

2.1.2. DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS, PUBLIC SERVICE ENTERPRISES, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, CULTURE, RECREATION, SPORTS

Sanitary and epidemiological requirements
to residential buildings and premises

Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations
SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00

1. General provisions and scope

1.1 These state sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations (hereinafter - sanitary rules) developed in accordance with the Federal Law “On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population” dated March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, No. 14, Art. 1650); “Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation”, as well as “Regulations on State Sanitary and Epidemiological Standards”, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 24, 2000 No. 554.

1.2. These rules establish sanitary requirements, which should be observed during the design, reconstruction, construction, as well as maintenance of operating residential buildings and premises intended for permanent residence, with the exception of hotels, hostels, specialized homes for the disabled, orphanages, and rotational camps.

2. Requirements for the site and territory of residential buildings
when placing them

2.1. When placing residential buildings, sanitary and epidemiological requirements must be met.

2.2. Residential buildings should be located primarily in a residential area in accordance with the functional zoning of the territory of a city, town, or settlement. Residential buildings may be located in green, resort, and recreational areas.

2.3. The site proposed for residential buildings must:

be located outside the territory of industrial-municipal, sanitary-protection zones of enterprises, structures and other objects, the 1st zone of the zone of sanitary protection of sources and water supply pipes for household and drinking purposes;

comply with the requirements of sanitary and epidemiological rules and hygienic standards regarding the content of chemical and biological substances, biological and microbiological organisms potentially hazardous to humans in the soil (soil), atmospheric air quality, background radiation levels, radon, physical (noise, infrasound, vibration, electromagnetic fields, etc. ) and other factors.

2.4. The area of ​​the allocated land plot should provide the possibility of landscaping (placement of recreation areas, playgrounds, sports, utility areas and guest parking for vehicles) and landscaping.

2.5. When placing residential buildings, acceptable levels of insolation and natural illumination of designed and existing objects must be ensured.

2.6. When placing residential buildings, they are provided with water supply, sewerage and heat supply.

3. Requirements for residential buildings and premises
for public purposes, located in residential buildings

3.1. The construction of residential buildings must be carried out according to designs that meet the requirements of these rules.

3.3. The height of residential premises from floor to ceiling in social housing buildings must be at least 2.5 m.

3.4. It is not permitted to place public objects that have a harmful effect on humans in residential buildings.

3.5. Public premises built into residential buildings must have entrances isolated from the residential part of the building.

3.6. When placing public premises, engineering equipment and communications in a residential building, compliance with hygienic standards should be ensured, incl. on noise protection of residential premises.

4. Requirements for heating, ventilation, microclimate
and indoor air environment

4.1. Heating and ventilation systems must ensure acceptable microclimate and indoor air conditions.

The optimal and permissible microclimate parameters in residential buildings are given in.

4.2. Heating devices must be easily accessible for cleaning. When heating with water, the surface temperature of heating devices should not exceed 90 ° C. For devices with a heating surface temperature of more than 75 ° It is necessary to provide protective barriers.

4.3. The premises of the first floors of buildings located in climatic region I must have heating systems for uniform heating of the floor surface.

4.4. The installation of autonomous boiler houses for heat supply to residential buildings is permitted subject to a positive conclusion from the bodies and institutions of the state sanitary and epidemiological service.

4.5. Natural ventilation of residential premises should be carried out by air flow through vents, or through special openings in window sashes and ventilation ducts. Exhaust openings for ducts should be provided in kitchens, bathrooms, restrooms and drying cabinets.

The design of the ventilation system must prevent the flow of air from one apartment to another.

It is not allowed to combine the ventilation ducts of kitchens and sanitary facilities with residential rooms.

4.6. Ventilation of public facilities must be autonomous.

4.7. The concentration of chemicals in the air of residential premises when they are put into operation should not exceed the average daily maximum permissible concentrations (MAC) of pollutants established for the atmospheric air of populated areas, and in the absence of average daily MPCs, not exceed the maximum one-time MPC.

5. Requirements for natural and
artificial lighting and insolation

Section 5 became invalid as of 02/01/2002 with the entry into force of SanPiN2.2.1/2.1.1.1076-01

5.1. Living rooms and kitchens should have direct natural light.

5.2. The natural light factor (NLC) in living rooms and kitchens must be at least 0.5% in the middle of the room.

5.3. Residential buildings must be provided with insolation in accordance with current sanitary standards.

The duration of insolation in the spring-autumn period of the year in residential premises (not less than the water room of 1-3-room apartments and not less than in two rooms of 4-5-room apartments) should be:

in the central zone (58-48 ° With. w.) - at least 2.5 hours a day in the period from March 22 to September 22;

in the northern zone (north of 58 ° With. w.) - at least 3 hours a day in the period from April 22 to August 22;

in the southern zone (south of 48 ° With. w.) at least 2 hours a day in the period from February 22 to October 22.

5.4. In the case of intermittent insolation, the total duration of insolation should be increased by 0.5 hours. In residential buildings of the meridional type for apartments where all residential premises are simultaneously insulated, as well as in reconstructed residential buildings or in particularly difficult urban conditions (historically valuable urban environment, area of ​​​​a city or regional center ) it is allowed to reduce the duration of insolation, but not more than 0.5 hours.

6. Requirements for noise, vibration, ultrasound levels,
electric and electromagnetic fields and ionizing
radiation in residential buildings

6.1. Acceptable noise levels

6.1.1. Permissible levels of constant noise are sound pressure levels L, in dB, in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies: 31.5; 63; 125; 250; 500; 1000; 2000; 4000;8000 Hz. For an approximate assessment, it is allowed to use sound levels L A, dBA.

Permissible levels of non-constant noise are equivalent (in energy) sound levels L Feq, dBA. and maximum sound levels L Fmax, dBA.

Assessment of non-constant noise for compliance with permissible levels should be carried out simultaneously based on the equivalent and maximum sound levels. Exceeding one of the indicators should be considered as non-compliance with these sanitary standards.

6.1.2. Permissible noise levels, as well as requirements for their measurement in residential premises, are regulated by current sanitary standards.

6.1.3. Permissible sound pressure levels in octave frequency bands equivalent to the maximum sound levels of penetrating noise into residential buildings should be taken according to.

6.1.4. Permissible noise levels generated in building premises by ventilation systems and other engineering and technological equipment should be taken 5 dBA lower (adjustment minus (-) 5 dBA) specified in.

Permissible sound pressure levels in octave frequency bands, equivalent and maximum sound levels of penetrating noise into residential buildings

6.1.5. For residential buildings facing the highway, with noise levels above the maximum permissible norm, it is necessary to take noise protection measures.

6.1.6. Operation of engineering equipment of residential buildings, technological equipment of public premises should not exceed the maximum permissible levels of noise and vibration in residential premises.

6.2. Permissible vibration levels

6.2.1. Permissible levels of constant vertical and horizontal vibrations are the mean square values ​​of vibration acceleration - A(m/s 2) and vibration speed - v(m/s) or their logarithmic levels - L a, L v, respectively, in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies 2; 4; 8;16; 31.5; 63 Hz expressed in dB.

The permissible levels of non-constant vertical and horizontal vibrations are the equivalent corrected value of vibration velocity or acceleration (U eq.) or their logarithmic level (L U eq.).

6.2.2. Permissible vibration levels, as well as requirements for their measurement in residential premises, are regulated by current sanitary standards.

6.2.3. When measuring non-constant vibrations (the levels of vibration velocity and vibration acceleration which, when measured by the device on the “Slow” and “Lin” characteristics or correction “K” over a 10-minute period, changes by more than 6 dB), the equivalent corrected values ​​of vibration velocity, vibration acceleration or their logarithmic levels should be determined. In this case, the maximum values ​​of the measured vibration levels should not exceed the permissible values ​​by more than 10 dB.

6.2.4. In residential buildings, vibration levels from internal and external sources should not exceed the values ​​​​specified in.

6.2.5. During the daytime, indoor vibration levels are allowed to exceed 5 dB.

6.2.6. For non-constant vibration, a correction of minus (-) 10 dB is introduced to the permissible levels given in the table, and the absolute values ​​of vibration velocity and vibration acceleration are multiplied by 0.32.

Permissible vibration levels in residential buildings
from internal and external sources

6.3. Permissible levels of ultrasound and infrasound

6.3.1. Acceptable levels of airborne ultrasound are sound pressure levels in decibels in third-octave bands with geometric mean frequencies of 12.5; 16;20; 25; 31; 40; 50; 63; 80; 100kHz. Acceptable levels of contact ultrasound are peak values ​​of vibration velocity or its logarithmic levels in decibels in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies 16; 31.5; 63; 125; 250; 500; 1000; 2000; 4000; 8000; 1600; 31500 kHz.

6.3.2. Permissible levels of ultrasound, as well as requirements for their measurement in residential premises, are regulated by current sanitary standards.

6.3.3. Acceptable levels of constant infrasound are sound pressure levels in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies of 2, 4, 8, 16 Hz. The normalized parameter of non-constant infrasound is the equivalent (in energy) sound pressure level (infrasound level), determined using the frequency correction characteristics G and G dBG eq.

6.3.4. Permissible levels of infrasound, as well as requirements for their measurement, in residential premises are regulated by current sanitary standards.

6.3.5. Permissible infrasound levels for residential buildings and in residential areas are given in.

Permissible infrasound levels for residential premises

6.4. Acceptable levels of electromagnetic radiation

6.4.1. Acceptable levels of electromagnetic radiation
radio frequency range (30 kHz - 300 GHz)

6.4.1.1. Permissible levels of electromagnetic radiation in the radio frequency range (EMRF) are:

In the frequency range 30 kHz - 300 MHz - the root mean square value of the intensity of the electrical component of RF EMR (E) in V/m;

In the frequency range 300 MHz - 300 GHz - root mean square value of energy flux density (PED) in μW/cm 2.

Each frequency range specified in this section includes a lower cutoff frequency.

6.4.1.2. In the case of pulse-modulated radiation, the assessment is made based on the average repetition period of the RF EMR intensity pulses.

6.4.1.3. The intensity of RF EMR in residential premises, including balconies and loggias (including intermittent and secondary radiation) from stationary transmitting radio engineering objects, should not exceed the values ​​​​given in.

Permissible levels of electromagnetic radiation of the radio frequency range in residential premises (including balconies and loggias)

6.4.1.4. When simultaneous emission of several RF EMR sources must be met, the following conditions must be met:

in cases where the same remote controls are installed for the emission of all RF EMR sources:

or

where E n (PES n) is the electric field strength (energy flux density) created at a given point by each RF EMR source;

E PDU (PPE PDU) - permissible electric field strength (energy flux density).

In cases where different remote controls are installed for the emission of all RF EMR sources:

S[(E n /E nPPD) 2 + PPE n /PPE PDU ] £ 1

6.4.1.5. When installing antennas of transmitting radio engineering objects on residential buildings, the intensity of RF EMR directly on the roofs of residential buildings may exceed permissible levels for persons both professionally unrelated and professionally associated with exposure to RF EMR, provided that people are not allowed to stay on the roofs while transmitters are working. On the roofs where transmitting antennas are installed, there must be appropriate markings indicating the boundary where people are prohibited from staying while the transmitters are operating.

6.4.1.6. Measurements of the radiation level should be carried out under the condition that the EMR source is operating at full power at points in the room closest to the source (on balconies, loggias, near windows), as well as at metal products located in the premises, which can be passive EMR repeaters and completely disconnected household appliances that are sources of RF EMI. The minimum distance to metal objects is determined by the operating instructions for the measuring instrument.

It is advisable to carry out EMIR measurements in residential premises from external sources with slightly open windows.

6.4.1.7. The intensity of RF EMR from household appliances is assessed in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for these products.

6.4.1.8. The requirements of this section do not apply to electromagnetic effects of a random nature, as well as those created by mobile transmitting radio engineering objects.

6.4.1.9. Placement of all transmitting radio engineering facilities located in residential buildings, including and amateur radio stations and radio stations operating in the “civilian band” (27 MHz), must be agreed upon with the authorities and institutions of the state sanitary and epidemiological service in the prescribed manner.

6.4.2. Acceptable levels of electromagnetic radiation
industrial frequency 50 Hz

6.4.2.1. The electric field strength of industrial frequency 50 Hz in residential premises (at a distance of 0.2 m from walls and windows and at a height of 0.5 - 1.8 m from the floor) should not exceed 0.5 kV/m.

Clause 6.4.2.2. canceled with the introduction of GN2.1.8/2.2.4.2262-07

6.4.2.2. Magnetic field induction of industrial frequency 50 Hz in residential premises (at a distance of 0.2 m from walls and windows and at a height of 0.5 - 1.5 m from the floor) should not exceed 10 µT *.

* Accepted as a temporary standard.

6.4.2.3. Electric and magnetic fields of industrial frequency 50 Hz in residential premises are assessed with household appliances completely turned off, including local lighting devices. Electric field is assessed when the general lighting is completely turned off, and the magnetic field is assessed when the general lighting is completely turned on.

6.4.2.4. Electric field strength of industrial frequency 50 Hz in residential areas from overhead power lines alternating current and other objects should not exceed 1 kV/m at a height of 1.8 m from the ground surface.

Clause 6.4.2.5. Canceled with the introduction of GN2.1.8/2.2.4.2262-07

6.4.2.5. The induction of a magnetic field of industrial frequency 50 Hz in residential areas from overhead AC power lines and other objects should not exceed 50 µT* at a height of 1.8 m from the ground surface.

* Accepted as a temporary standard.

6.4.2.6. Electric field strength and magnetic field induction of industrial frequency 50 Hz from household appliances, incl. from local lighting devices are assessed in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for these products.

6.4.3. If the source of EMR is household appliances located (or intended) for use inside residential premises, the assessment of its impact on humans is carried out in accordance with the requirements of current sanitary standards permissible levels physical factors when using consumer goods in domestic conditions. In this case, the measurement of potentially harmful factors should be carried out in the area where people are as close as possible to household appliances in accordance with the instructions for their use. If such information is not available, then when carrying out measurements you must be guided by the following:

6.4.3.1.Measurement of electromagnetic and electrostatic fields should be carried out at a distance of 10 ± 0.1 cm from the front, back and sides of products (except for television receivers and video monitors of television gaming machines).

6.4.3.2. For television receivers and video monitors of television gaming machines with a screen diagonal of less than 51 cm (20 inches), measurements are taken at a distance of 50 ± 0.2 cm in front, sides and back at the level of the center of the screen (for screen diagonals over 51 cm, measurements are carried out in the same way, but at a distance of 1 ± 0.02 m), if the product operating instructions do not require the user to be located at a shorter distance.

6.4.3.3. The assessment of variable electric and magnetic fields is based on root-mean-square values; electrostatic fields - according to the maximum value. The measured values ​​are compared with the permissible value, to which the measurement error is added in accordance with the operating instructions for the measuring instrument.

6.4.3.4. Before taking measurements, the product must first be turned on and run for at least 20 minutes. When hygienic assessment of products, the following conditions must be met: air temperature - 22 ± 5 ° C, relative humidity - 40 - 60%, electric and magnetic field strength in the measurement range, respectively, no more than 2.5 V/m and 2.5 nT.

6.5. Exposure limit standards
population in residential premises

6.5.1. The equivalent radiation dose rate inside buildings should not exceed the dose rate permissible for open areas by more than 0.3 μSv/hour (33 μR/hour).

6.5.2. The average annual equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of radon in indoor air should not exceed 100 Bq/m 3 for buildings being designed or newly constructed and 200 Bq/m 3 for those in operation.

6.5.3. The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in building materials in newly constructed buildings should not exceed 370 Bq/kg.

7. Requirements for building materials
and interior decoration of residential premises

7.1.Construction and Decoration Materials, as well as materials used for the manufacture of built-in furniture, must be approved for use by the authorities and institutions of the state sanitary and epidemiological service.

7.2.Concentrations harmful substances in the air of a residential premises should not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations (maximum permissible concentrations) for atmospheric air in populated areas.

7.3. The level of electric field intensity on the surface of building and finishing materials should not exceed 15 kV/M (at a relative air humidity of 30-60%).

7.4. Dose limits for the intensity of ionizing radiation associated with radioactivity building materials, for residents should not exceed 1 mSv per year on average over 5 years, but not more than 5 mSv per year.

8. Requirements for engineering equipment

8.1. Requirements for water supply and sewerage

8.1.1. Residential buildings should be provided with drinking water supply and sewerage.

In areas without centralization utility networks It is allowed to provide for the construction of 1- and 2-story residential buildings with unsewered latrines.

In climatic regions I, II, III, with the exception of subdistrict IIIB, in 1 and 2-story buildings, warm non-sewered restrooms (backlash closets, etc.) are allowed within the heated part of the building.

8.1.2. Drinking and hot water supply systems must use pipes and other equipment in contact with water, made of materials approved by the authorities and institutions of the state sanitary and epidemiological service.

8.1.3. Connecting drinking water supply networks with water supply networks supplying non-potable quality water is not permitted.

8.1.4. When placing pumping units that supply water to a residential building, hygienic noise standards should be met.

8.2. Requirements for elevators

8.2.1. Residential buildings with a height of more than five floors must be equipped with elevators. When equipping a house with elevators, the dimensions of at least one of the cabins must ensure the possibility of transporting a person on a stretcher.

8.2.2. The location of the machine room and elevator shafts should ensure hygienic noise standards.

8.3. Requirements for waste disposal

8.3.1. Residential buildings must be equipped with garbage chutes arranged in accordance with current regulations building codes and rules (other waste disposal systems are allowed, subject to agreement with the authorities and institutions of the state sanitary and epidemiological service).

8.3.2. The covers of the loading valves of garbage chutes on staircases must have a tight seal, equipped with rubber gaskets. The garbage chute must be equipped with devices that allow it to be cleaned, disinfected and disinfested.

9. Requirements for the maintenance of residential premises

9.1. Not allowed:

· use of residential premises for purposes not provided for in the design documentation;

· storage and use in residential premises and public premises located in a residential building of substances and objects that pollute the air;

· performing work or performing other actions that are sources of increased levels of noise, vibration, air pollution, or disrupt the living conditions of citizens in neighboring residential premises;

· littering, pollution and flooding of basements and technical undergrounds, stairwells and cages, attics, and other public areas;

use of household gas appliances for space heating.

9.2. Necessary:

· take timely measures to eliminate malfunctions of engineering and other equipment located in residential premises (water supply, sewerage, ventilation, heating, waste disposal, elevator systems, etc.) that violate sanitary and hygienic conditions;

· ensure timely removal of household waste, maintain garbage chutes and garbage collection chambers in good condition;

· carry out activities aimed at preventing the occurrence and spread infectious diseases related to the sanitary condition of a residential building. If necessary, carry out measures to destroy insects and rodents (disinsection and deratization).

10. State sanitary and epidemiological supervision
for compliance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements

10.1. State sanitary and epidemiological supervision is carried out by bodies and institutions of the state sanitary and epidemiological service of the Russian Federation.

10.2. State sanitary and epidemiological supervision is carried out when:

· choosing a land plot for the construction of residential buildings;

· examination of the design of residential buildings;

· commissioning of residential buildings;

· placement non-residential premises in a residential building;

· during the operation of residential buildings.

10.3. When commissioning residential buildings (new and reconstructed), it is necessary to monitor the air environment of residential premises for the content of harmful substances (), as well as measure the levels of noise, vibration and radiation.

Annex 1

Optimal and permissible temperature standards, relative
humidity and air speed in residential buildings

Bibliographic data

11. SanPiN2.2.4/2.1.8.055-96 “Electromagnetic radiation in the radio frequency range (EMIR).”

12 SanPiN2.2.4/2.1.8.582-96 " Hygienic requirements when working with sources of air and contact ultrasound for industrial, medical and household purposes.”

13. MSanPiN001-96 " Sanitary standards acceptable levels of physical factors when using consumer goods in domestic conditions.”

14. SN2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96 “Noise in workplaces, in residential and public buildings and in residential areas.”

15. SN2.2.4/2.1.8.566-96 “Industrial vibration, vibration in residential and public buildings.”

16. SN2.2.4/2.1.8.583-96 “Infrasound in workplaces, in residential and public buildings and in residential areas.”

17. SN 2605-82 “Sanitary standards and rules for providing insolation to residential and public buildings and residential areas.”

18. SN 4723-88 “Sanitary rules for the design and operation of a centralized hot water supply system.”

19. SN 2971-84 “Sanitary standards and rules for protecting the population from the effects of the electric field created by overhead power lines of alternating current of industrial frequency.”

20. List of materials and structures approved for use in construction by the USSR Ministry of Health No. 3859-85.

21. GN2.1.6.695-98 “Maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) of pollutants in the atmospheric air of populated areas.”

22. GN 2.6.1.758-99 “Radiation Safety Standards (NRB-99).”

23.GOST 30494-96 “Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters."