Common types of palm trees: detailed description, name and photo. Palm Indoor and decorative

Palmaceae, or Palm trees, or Arecaceae (lat. Arecáceae, Pálmae, Palmáceae) - a family of monocotyledonous plants.

It is represented mostly by woody plants with unbranched trunks, in which primary thickening occurs (that is, thickening due to the activity of the protoderm and the main meristem). There are also a number of species that are characterized by thin creeping or climbing shoots (for example, representatives of the genus Calamus). The family includes 185 genera and about 3,400 species.

Palm- tree-legend. The peoples of many countries worshiped palm trees, considering them sacred plants. More than a thousand years ago, the Greeks sent messengers with a palm branch to Hellas to notify them of their victory. In a figurative sense, this is a symbol of peace, because it is not without reason that the white dove of peace holds a palm branch in its beak. In the same Greece, an athlete who won a competition was awarded a palm branch. This is where the expression “palm of the championship” in something comes from.

In its homeland, liviston leaves are used to weave baskets, mats, hats, sandals and other household items. Leaf segments for a long time were used as writing paper, and many ancient manuscripts were written on them.

Not so long ago, the Fox Tail palm became famous in the world. The owner of one of the Australian plant nurseries was told that in the wilderness in the northeast of the continent grow the most beautiful palm trees in the world, which have no equal. One of the Aborigines showed the nursery owner this place near the city of Queensland, where spectacular palm trees grew with spectacular crown leaves resembling a fox's tail. The new palm quickly conquered the world, and only the massive commercial propagation of these palms stopped the wave of illegal collection of seeds from wild plants.

Chrysalidocarpus. Behind such a long name lies a poetic one - “Golden Butterfly”, which the plant received for the beautiful color of its fruits. 20 species of these palms can be seen in nature on Madagascar and the Comoros Islands.

Date palm. The name may be associated with the phoenix bird, reborn from the ashes. After all, a date is capable of producing offspring even from a dead trunk. About 17 species grow in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa.

Coconut palm. The name comes from the Greek trachys - hard, rough, rough and Karpos - fruit. There are 6 species, common in the Himalayas, China, and Japan.

Hamedorea. The bamboo palm got its name from the Greek Chamai, i.e. The fruits are easy to get, they hang low. There are 100 species known to grow in Central America.

Chamerops. Translated from Greek it means low bush. 1-2 species grow in the Mediterranean.

Hovea. It is also called the paradise palm and comes from the Lord Howe Islands in Pacific Ocean, where both species known in this genus grow.

The coconut palm lives for about 100 years, producing up to 450 nuts annually. Coconuts are amazing fruits: they can float on the sea for a long time, and when they reach the shore, they can take root and germinate thousands of kilometers from their place of birth. That is why coconut palms are widespread along the coasts of tropical seas. The inhabitants of the Pacific coast have a custom of planting a coconut palm when a child is born in a family, whose health is then assessed by the condition of the growing tree.

Different countries give the palm tree its own symbolism, so in China the palm tree means dignity, fertility and retirement, in Arabia the palm tree is the tree of life. In Christianity, the palm tree characterizes the righteous, immortality, the triumphant entry of Christ into Jerusalem, divine blessing, paradise, and the triumph of the martyr before death.

Separately, palm branches denote triumph and glory, victory over death, sin and resurrection. Early Catholicism associated the palm tree with burials and considers this plant a symbol of a person who has made a pilgrimage.

In Egypt, the palm tree is classified as a calendar tree, which puts out a new branch only once a month. In Greece, the palm tree is the emblem of Apollo of Delos and Delphi.

Abstract on the topic:

Plan:

Introduction

• 1 Spreading
• 2 Biological description
• 3 Use
• 4 Childbirth
Notes
Literature

Introduction

Palm, or Palm trees, or Arecaceae(lat. Arecáceae, Palmae, Palmáceae ) - a family of monocotyledonous plants.

It is represented mostly by woody plants with unbranched trunks, in which primary thickening occurs (that is, thickening due to the activity of the protoderm and the main meristem). There are also a number of species that are characterized by thin creeping or climbing shoots (for example, representatives of the genus Calamus) .

The family includes up to 240 genera and 3,400 species.

In many cultures, palm trees have been symbols of victory, peace and abundance.

1. Distribution

The natural distribution area of ​​most palm trees is the tropics and subtropics. Especially many types of palm trees grow in Madagascar and Colombia. In Europe, in Spain and in the south of France, the fan palm Hamerops squat grows ( Chamaerops humilis), which can withstand frosts down to −12 degrees Celsius, and also in the south of mainland Greece and Crete there are groves of the feathery Cretan date palm ( Phoenix theophrastii).

Introduced palm trees grow on the territory of the former USSR in areas with a subtropical climate - on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and the southern coast of Crimea, as well as in Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and southern Kazakhstan Chamaerops, Phoenix, Sabal, Trachycarpus, Washingtonia and some others.

2. Biological description

The trunk usually does not branch (except for the genus of doom palms), quite often palm trees have the appearance of shrubs, some representatives do not have any stems at all, only leaves rise above the surface of the ground. The thickness reaches 1 meter (jubeya), the height is up to 50-60 m (ceroxylon), while among the palm trees there are climbing vines with stems 2-3 cm thick and up to 300 m long (rattan). The leaves are either pinnate (coconut palm, date palm, foxtail palm, Howea, Hamedorea, etc., in Caryota they are bipinnate) or fan-shaped (Chamerops, Trachycarpus, Liviston palm, etc.).

Flower formula: .

3.Usage

Palm trees are widely cultivated as agricultural crops (date palms, coconut palms). The fruits of many types of palm trees and wood are used; Wicker furniture is made from rattan and some other palm trees.

Besides, different kinds palm trees are widely used as ornamental plants (including in indoor gardening).

4. Childbirth

Notes

1. “Commelinoid” monocots // Botany. Textbook for universities: in 4 volumes = Lehrbuch der Botanik für Hochschulen. Begründet von E. Strasburger, F. Noll, H. Schenck, A. F. W. Schimper. / 35. Auflage neubearbeitet von Peter Sitte, Elmar W. Weiler, Joachim W. Kadereit, Andreas Bresinsky, Christian Körner / P. Sitte, E.V. Weiler, J.V. Kadereit, A. Brezinsky, K. Körner; based on the textbook by E. Strasburger [and others]; lane with him. E. B. Pospelova, K. L. Tarasova, N. V. Khmelevskaya. - M.: Publishing center "Academy", 2007. - T. 3. Evolution and systematics / ed. A.K. Timonina, I.I. Sidorova. - pp. 438-446. - 576 p. - 3000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-7695-2741-8 (Russian) ISBN 978-5-7695-2746-3 (Vol. 3) (Russian), ISBN 3-8274-1010-X (Elsevier GmbH) - UDC 58(075.8)
2. Mirkin B.M., Naumova L.G., Muldashev A.A. Higher plants: a short course in taxonomy with the basics of plant science: Textbook. - 2nd, rev. - Moscow: Logos, 2002. - 256 p. - 3000 copies. - ISBN 5-94010-041-4

Literature

• Imkhanitskaya N. N. Arecaceae family, or palms (Arecaceae, or Palmae) // Plant Life. In 6 volumes / Ch. ed. A. L. Takhtadzhyan. - M.: Education, 1981. - T. 6. Flowering plants. / Ed. A. L. Takhtadzhyan. - P. 410-447. - 543 p. - 300,000 copies.

There are about 2,800 species of palm trees around the globe. They differ from most plants in that the leaves grow at the top. However, there are palm trees whose leaves come from the root bud.

Let's take a closer look at all the types with names and photos.

There is the following division of indoor palm trees, based on the characteristics of the leaves and trunk:

Reed. Some, Rapuses. Their stems are thin, tall, and reed-like.

Cirrus. Hamedorea eleganta, Forstera and Belmora, date - Roblen and Canary date, . These palms have narrow, arched leaves that can be straight and grow upward. The crowns of this group are both soft and hard.

Fan. Hamerops squat and tall, Washingtonia, Rapis tall, Livistonia chinensis. The crowns of such palm trees are split into many segments extending from the center and look like a round fan; they grow very large, their petioles have thorns.

Indoor and decorative

Palm trees in a room are not only exotic, greetings from the tropical forest, they are an important detail of the interior, often capable of changing it dramatically.

However, not all palm trees are suitable for growing indoors.

Here are some particularly interesting varieties. The most common, there are more than 17 species of such palms, they grow wild in Asia and Africa. And if you plant a seed from an ordinary date, it will sprout. Their germination rate is almost one hundred percent, but they will germinate for about a month. Such a tree will become decorative in five years. It's better to buy Date palmate

. This species does not grow in the wild. Indoors it grows up to 6 meters. True, this takes more than one decade. Very — ornamental plant Robelena date

, its fruits are not edible. The palm tree has a crown with leaves gracefully curved downwards and an original, shaggy trunk.

It is grown indoors, which grows naturally in the forests of India. Its crown is a huge bunch of meter-long leaves on the top of a trunk covered big amount scars arranged in rings.

The bottle-shaped trunk and leaves look original - fans Trachycarpus. It is ideally suited for growing indoors. Trachycarpus flowers and bears fruit. There are two types: Martius and Fortune.

Grows fastest in rooms Kariota. It is noticeably different from other such plants. The fronds resemble a triangle extended upward. Kariota lives only 20 years.

Decorative palm tree with a crown in the form of a bright green huge fan. Caring for it requires certain knowledge.

Washingtonia filamentosa

Hardest to grow indoors . It requires a lot of light and is more suitable for winter gardens. There are mainly two types of coconut grown in the room: nuciferous coconut and Weddel coconut.

Ideal for growing indoors Hamedorea, especially Hamedoreas are graceful, monochromatic, tall and oblong.

Palm trees have been grown indoors for centuries. They are very decorative, but they require special conditions to grow successfully.

An unpretentious, slow-growing bushy plant with soft, dark green leaves. Simply ideal for rooms. Easily tolerates all inconveniences: poor lighting, dry air, drafts.

Another feathery palm with soft leaves - Gouveia, or Kentia, popular plant, very decorative.

– widespread houseplants, unpretentious and very decorative, grow slowly. The trunk gradually becomes overgrown with fibers Brown, leaves are pinnate with spines.

Hamerops

One of the most capricious - Bhutia. But if you find an approach to it, it will delight you with its surprisingly graceful crown of feathery leaves.

Rare Giophorba. It is small, with fan-shaped foxes and a trunk that resembles a bottle at the bottom.

Sabal- another rarity from the subtropics of America. Low, bluish-green leaves, growing on short petioles.

Betel nut- only passionate lovers of palm trees know about it; it is distinguished by the splendor of its crowns and a beautiful small trunk. In nature, it grows up to 20 meters in height and has two-meter leaves. IN room conditions it grows for a long time and has a much more modest size.

Betel palm

Not grown indoors

Many remain unknown in indoor floriculture for many reasons. Most often due to its gigantic size or growth characteristics.

• Oilseed The palm tree grows in Africa, reaches 30 meters in height, and sheds its leaves every two years.
• Serenoa repens grows in the southern United States and on islands in the Caribbean, this palm tree grows very slowly and most often reaches no more than 2-4 meters, its flowers have a fragrant scent.
• Carnauba or waxy, grows in South America, has fanned leaves forming a lush ball. Several species are known.
• Bismarckia grows in Madagascar, has silver leaves.
• or screw palm. The leaves on its trunk are arranged in several rows in the form of a spiral.
• - the longest plant in the world, the leaves of which grow from buds on the trunk. Easily clings to trees with the help of thorns at the end of the leaves.

Garden

This concept is very conditional, since almost all palm trees can grow in winter gardens and in open plantings, if the climate is favorable for this. There may be restrictions only because of the size of the tree, the minimum temperature it can tolerate, and the ability to provide good shelter for the winter.

Many scientists are working on developing frost-resistant palm species, because this is a very interesting decorative material for landscape design.

Most often, frost-resistant ones are planted in gardens. Most often this is also, in places with a warm climate, Bismarckia.

Trachycarpus

Not blooming

There are 50 species of non-flowering palms. They are usually spores or vegetative. Almost everything in the rooms does not bloom.

Frost-resistant

There are few palm trees that can withstand frost. These are heat-loving plants by origin. But still there are some.

Let's take a closer look at these varieties with photos and names.

• Brachea- one of the favorite gardeners to grow at home. Grows quickly. It has fan-shaped, lush green leaves. It is easy to care for and can withstand temperatures down to -8 degrees.
• Trachycarpus- one of the most frost-resistant, can withstand short-term frosts down to -23 degrees and permanent frosts down to -10.
• Wshingtonia filamentosa– can grow in cold, unheated rooms and tolerate temperatures dropping to -5-8 degrees.
• Sabal – different types tolerate frost from -10 to -20 degrees.
• Bhutia– withstands cold temperatures down to -12. At a frost of -14, the leaves freeze, but it does not die.

Dwarf sabal

Palm trees came into rooms a long time ago, from the times when they decorated galleries and state rooms of palaces. And now a large well-groomed palm tree is a source of pride for its owner. It radically changes the interior of the room and creates a completely different, somewhat unusual and very cozy space. It is believed that it gives its owner health and longevity.

Something about exotic plants grown at home:

Palm trees are considered the most ancient plants that originally reproduced by seeds and pollen. Under natural conditions, they can reach up to 9 meters in height if growth is not artificially restrained. The size of a palm tree at home depends on care. The tallest palm tree in the world is the Wax Palm; its height can reach up to 50 meters. This tree is the main plant symbol of Colombia.

The name comes from the Latin word “palma”, which means “palm”. And this is not surprising, because the leaves of the plant really resemble splayed fingers on the palm of a person.

ON A NOTE! In Greece, an athlete who won a competition was awarded a palm branch. It was at this moment that the catchphrase “palm of championship” was born.

The flowering of an indoor palm tree is similar to the flowering of a calla lily. For example, yucca has large white flowers that look like bells. Basically, the palm tree blooms with small yellow or white flowers on a small cluster.

I would like to remind you that it was not nature that created indoor plants for us, but we are trying to grow them in the hope that they will take root at home. Palma is no exception. There are several types that will feel great at home:

1. Howey Forster.
2. Hamedorea.
3. Rapisa.

Appearance of the plant

On average, a palm tree lives about 150-200 years. For example, a coconut tree takes about 100 years to grow and produces about 450 nuts each year.

ON A NOTE! Coconut can travel thousands of kilometers across the water, wash ashore, and germinate there.

There are 2 types of palm trees:

• With fan leaves. They diverge radially from the base. A prominent representative is the date palm.
• Cirrus. The leaves spread parallel to the sides from the vein in the center. A prominent representative is the bamboo palm.

Palms are perennial trees, less often shrubs, most of which have a non-branching trunk, at the top of which a crown grows. They can also grow as vines with thin stems. There are up to 1,500 species in tropical and subtropical areas.

Peculiarities

1. The trunk of a palm tree usually does not branch (an exception is the genus of doom palms). Its thickness is about a meter, and during life it does not thicken. Among the palm trees there are climbing vines, the stems of which are about 2-3 centimeters thick and up to 300 meters long.
2. The inflorescence of a palm tree is a spadix that is of impressive size and branches. Flowers are located on the branches, sometimes they are immersed in its tissue. All inflorescences are surrounded by a veil.
3. What fruits grow on a palm tree? They can be in the form of a nut or a bone or a berry. Decorative palms produce fruits in the form of small round berries.

Exotic varieties

Let's talk about the types of exotic palm trees and how they bloom.

Decorative palm trees at home look very exotic.

The most common include:

• Brachea. Loves light, but grows best in partial shade. Can't do without spraying. Watering is moderate.
• Boothia. A palm tree whose leaves resemble feathers. Blooms in late spring.
• Washingtonia. Fan palm, pleasing the eye with white blossoms. Can reach a height of up to 18 meters.
• Giophorba. The young representative reminds appearance vase. It blooms with small flowers and smells pleasant.
• Hamedorea. It is considered the most unpretentious species and tolerates shade well. Blooms almost all year round.
• Kariota. The leaves of the plant look like a fish tail. It blooms once a year for 5-6 years.
• Liviston. The leaves look like an open fan, reaching a height of up to 2 meters. Perfect option for rooms.
• Rapis. It grows as a shrub. Very whimsical.
• Chamerops. Massive palm tree with a dense crown. Blooms from April to June.
• Yucca. A tree-like plant whose leaves are collected in bunches. The white flowers look like bells.
• Govea. An elegant plant reaching a height of up to 2.5 meters. Requires careful care.
• Date palm. The most common species, grows as a lush shrub.
• Sabal. A plant with fan-shaped leaves. The types of palm trees growing in the rooms are absolutely different from each other.
• Trachycarpus. It reaches a height of up to 2.5 meters and grows very slowly. Suitable for apartments.

Where is your homeland?

The plant has become widespread in many regions globe. They are more often found on the shores of tropical seas, high in the mountains and in humid forests. A huge number of species grow in Colombia and Madagascar. The fan palm is more common in Spain. The feathery representative can be seen more often in Greece.

Also, some species grow in the territory of the former Soviet Union, for example, on the southern coast of Crimea.

Photo

You can see how the flower looks like an indoor palm tree in the photo here.
Howea Forster

Hamedorea


Rapis


Brachea


Washingtonia


Giophorba


Kariota


Liviston


Hamerops


Yucca

Date palm


Sabal


Trachycarpus

Family

Most palm trees belong to the Palmaceae or Arecaceae family.

What kind of care does it require?

Growing an exotic plant at home is not so easy. It needs proper care:

1. It is recommended to place the pot with the plant on the south side of the house.
2. In summer, the temperature should range from 16 to 20 degrees Celsius.
3. IN summer period Be sure to moisturize the crown.
4. From early spring until late autumn, a palm tree blooming at home needs abundant watering. Drying out the soil is unacceptable.
5. Green beauties love light very much, but expose them to direct Sun rays it is forbidden.
6. The plant is afraid of drafts.
7. The soil for growing should be light and flat.
8. Palm trees need regular feeding and fertilizer.

Reproduction

Propagating palm trees at home is quite difficult.

Certain species can only be propagated by seed.

There are also plants whose reproduction is allowed by dividing the rhizome or by daughter shoots.

Seed propagation requires careful attention. Seedlings should grow with lower heating, the temperature being about 35 degrees. How long do they grow? The first shoots can be observed after a couple of months. The lifespan of a plant grown in this way is quite long.

Scientific name

The scientific name of the palm is AREGAGEAE.

Diseases and pests

A palm tree at home can encounter the following diseases:

• Root rot.
• Stem rot.
• Penicillosis.
• Spotting.

All problems that may occur with the foliage (brown tips, brown lower leaves, spotting) are associated with improper care.

Pests:

1. Shield.
2. Spider mite.
3. Mealybugs.

Most often, insecticides are used to control pests and diseases, or they try to use traditional methods.

INTERESTING TO KNOW! The palm tree is considered a legendary tree. The people of many countries still worship this plant.

Everyone loves such a magnificent tree as a palm tree. But growing it at home is quite difficult. So isn’t it better to go to warm beaches and admire the plant while relaxing?

include: dog, fox, cow, elephant and other mammals. IN REALITY The term “kingdom” is used in biology. In addition to the animal kingdom, in the world of living nature it is customary to distinguish the kingdoms of plants, fungi and some others that are not so widely known and popular. Thus, the concept of “animals” includes mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles, as well as invertebrates - for example, mollusks, worms, insects. Tell your child that a dog, a cow, an elephant are animals, and you will not be mistaken. Of course, the word “animals” is also acceptable in this case. And do not hesitate to classify birds, butterflies, fish and other creatures as animals, because they are not considered plants! In this case, excessive pedantry will only harm the matter. Myth 2 Hedgehog eats mushrooms and apples IN REALITY The main food of a hedgehog is beetles and caterpillars, somewhat less often - mice, snakes and frogs. This cute and harmless creature at first glance is a ruthless predator. It can be started in country house if there are mice there. There will be no mercy for them! A hedgehog can eat eggs or even chicks. A erroneous opinion information about the harmless herbivory of hedgehogs appeared because people noticed hedgehogs that, quite by accident, pricked various edible objects on their spines. Usually these are mushrooms in the forest, and apples in the garden. This is where such pictures come from in children's books. Of course, such a sight is quite aesthetic and, moreover, makes you believe that the clever hedgehog is stocking up on food. Telling your child about what a hedgehog actually eats is not difficult. It is much more difficult to explain that most books contain erroneous information. We usually tell children in class that the picture in his book shows a fairy-tale hedgehog and he has every right to indulge in an apple. But in nature everything is completely different. Myth 3 Bananas grow on a palm tree REALITY Banana is a giant perennial herb. After flowering and fruiting, the entire above-ground part dies, which never happens in a tree (in particular, a palm tree). Palms are tree-like plants. The most widely known are the coconut and date palms, but the banana palm does not exist in nature. Myth 4 The dolphin, as well as the whale, is big fish IN REALITY Everyone knows that fish lay eggs, from which fry then emerge. The exception is some viviparous fish - for example, guppies. Dolphins and whales belong to the class of mammals. They give birth to young and feed them with milk. Dolphins are excellent at navigating in water using echolocation and very sensitive hearing. Their sound organ is located in a single nostril. They have a very highly developed central nervous system and the brain. Myth 5 Polar bear hunts penguins IN REALITY The fact is that the above representatives of the animal world live at opposite poles of the globe: polar bears - in the North, and penguins - in the South, and they cannot possibly meet, except perhaps in a zoo. Well, to be completely precise, the Magellanic penguin lives not only in Antarctica, but also in temperate waters South America on the Atlantic side and on the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). But even there he never had the opportunity to meet Umka or his brothers. Myth 6 Frogs and toads eat strawberries in the garden IN REALITY Strawberries in the garden are most often spoiled by slugs. Toads and frogs, on the contrary, save the harvest by eating pests - slugs and beetles. Sometimes birds make unscrupulous raids on delicious strawberries and more. Knowledgeable people they say that this happens in the hot summer. But perhaps this is also a myth? Myth 7 Spiders are insects IN REALITY The distinctive features of an insect are as follows: it has 6 legs and goes through the following stages of development - egg-larva-pupa-adult. Now take a closer look at the spider. Firstly, it has 8 legs, and secondly, it only goes through two stages of development: the spider egg. Spiders, ticks and scorpions are not insects. They belong to the class of arachnids. Of course, a small child should not be loaded with complex scientific terms, but it is necessary to provide information at his level. He will be happy to examine the structure of an insect and a spider, find the differences between them and will be quite capable of saying, for example: “Insects and spiders are drawn in this picture.” Which would be absolutely right! "My Child" magazine, November 2007 Didn't find the answer to your question? Ask an expert. Online consultations.