Plan of a typical Khrushchev 2 rooms. Design of a two-room Khrushchev without redevelopment, ideas and photos.

It just so happens that you are the owner of two room apartment in Khrushchev, of course, there is nothing to brag about, because the layout leaves much to be desired. These apartments have low ceilings, small rooms, very few people are satisfied with 42 and 43-meter Khrushchev apartments. But what to do if this is the situation.

Now there are many design solutions who can handle any challenge with ease. In this case, it is worth observing several principles, and you will not recognize your nest. The interior of his apartment is 50 sq. m and 54 sq. m is to think through to the smallest detail. To save space, consider demolishing partition walls, doors and use screens, decorative partitions. At the same time, keep in mind that first you will need to deal with the documents for the redevelopment and demolition of the wall. So, let's look at the design of a two-room apartment of 47 sq. m in Khrushchev the best photos ideas.

Kitchen and dining room design

A small kitchen can be combined with a living room by tearing down a wall. You can use the partition, making a small dining room. It is more suitable for a bachelor like a man or a woman. For a family with a child, this option can also be suitable.

Bathroom interior

The advantage of such Khrushchev apartments is a combined toilet with a bath. To save space, use functional furniture, hanging lockers, shelves. So you can put corner bath or shower.

Modern living room interior

Most of the time we spend in the living room, arranging gatherings with friends, receiving guests or just watching TV. The living room should be especially comfortable and spacious, whether it is a one-room or two-room apartment in Khrushchev. It is enough to adhere to a few principles.

• Lighting will help visually enlarge the space. Also use light colors for curtains and curtains.
• Color. As for the walls, ceiling and floor, we advise you to choose lighter or paler shades. The ceiling can be made suspended or two-level, to visually increase the height.
• Furniture. Here we advise you to choose a functional and small furniture. Try to do without bulky sofas and armchairs. To separate zones, use screens or another option that is more profitable for you.

Bedroom Design Ideas

Your bedroom has about 10, 11, 12, 13 meters, this will not hurt to create an impeccable design of a two-room apartment in Khrushchev. There are also principles here.

Furniture. It is better to choose a small closet so that it does not rest against the ceiling, and a small chest of drawers. Also, do not forget about dressing table with a mirror and a small bedside table near the bed. As for the bed itself, try to choose a small-sized one, without a bulky footboard. For more convenience and space saving, you can purchase a bed with built-in drawers.

Lighting should be good, take care of all kinds of lamps. Do not curtain windows with dark and heavy curtains.

When decorating a bedroom, use no more than three shades. This applies to walls, ceilings and floors. For a larger visual increase in the room, use light colors.

If you wish, you can combine the bedroom and living room. If all family members do not mind. If you are a young family with a child, it is better not to do this, because when he grows up he will need personal space. In addition, a baby crib will fit perfectly into this small room.

hallway interior

It would seem that such a small two-room apartment in Khrushchev, but there are many design solutions for its transformation. With the help of small tricks, you can make a modern, practical and comfortable apartment.

Modern photo interior ideas

Not the most successful apartments in Khrushchev-era houses: very small areas and imperfect layout. In those days, the task was solved - to provide each family with a separate living space, and no one cares about the comfort of living. special attention did not pay. What they are good for is that the redevelopment of Khrushchev does not cause any particular difficulties: load-bearing walls, as a rule, are only external, all the rest are partitions. They can be demolished or moved without compromising the bearing capacity of the entire building. But this does not mean that repair work can be started without a project and approval. Any changes are subject to registration.

What is redevelopment and how to arrange it

Redevelopment is any change in the configuration of partitions in the apartment. It is strictly forbidden to change anything in load-bearing walls without a preliminary assessment of the damage and determination of measures to eliminate it. In the case of unloaded walls or partitions, everything is not so categorical, although it is proposed to first draw up a project, then agree on it, and only after that proceed with the implementation of ideas.

It is worth knowing that there are several unacceptable alterations that you will never agree on:

Changing a gas stove to an electric one is not always a good way out, but you can get around the last point in another way: by putting sliding doors or "accordion".

Redevelopment of a one-room Khrushchev

One-room apartments are bought mainly by young people. In this case possible variant redevelopment of a one-room Khrushchev - converting it into a studio apartment. Usually, all partitions between the room and the kitchen are removed, and the partition separating the hallway is often demolished.

What remains unchanged in any case is the location of the bathrooms: any transfer of these premises to apartment buildings prohibited (except for the first floors).

In the photo above, the redevelopment also touched the bathroom, but at the same time it did not change its location. The dimensions have changed - the area has increased due to the transfer of two walls: the one that faces the room has been moved forward a little, and the side wall has been moved closer to the front door. This made it possible to install a washing machine. With her often in small apartments there are difficulties. The entrance hall in this version is small, but in the room you can allocate space for.

Another option for redevelopment of a 1-room Khrushchev is presented in the following photo. In this case, the corridor and the kitchen were combined, the doors to the room were moved further from the entrance, due to which the functionality of the room increased significantly. It also became possible to allocate space for a spacious built-in wardrobe in the hallway. The functionality of the kitchen was not affected, its area even increased slightly as a result of the destruction of the partition - by 0.2 squares.

Applied here is another common in last years a way to increase living space is to insulate balconies and loggias. With a sufficient level of insulation and organization of heating, a comfortable temperature is maintained there. At the same time, without much difficulty, you can clean that part of the wall that used to be under the window. You can't touch the rest of the wall. In this case, an office is organized on the insulated loggia.

Consider another option for redevelopment of a one-room Khrushchev, which was built in brick house. There are other areas, a balcony instead of a loggia, a very small bathroom and a small kitchen, but the partitions are the same as in the previous case.

Due to the use of a corner and the rejection of the bathroom, it was possible to optimize the location of the plumbing so that a place was formed for the washing machine. At the same time, the wall is made beveled, which gave an increase in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe kitchen. True, the hallway in this version is quite small, but the kitchen has become almost a meter ( 0.7 square) more.

The living area has been increased due to the insulation of the balcony, a work desk and a closet have been moved there. The peculiarity of this redevelopment is that the customer needed to have 5 beds in such a small area: for 3 children and 2 for adults. As you can see in the photo, they are all available: one.

Sometimes the previous idea, as they say, "does not warm." Not everyone perceives the absence of walls near the kitchen normally, even if there is no partition from the hallway, and not from the room ... In the next version, the redevelopment of the Khrushchev was carried out by moving the partitions. Moved the side wall of the hallway - moved towards the room. At the same time, the front wall of the hallway is moved almost close to the door to the bathroom. As a result, the area of ​​​​the hallway has been increased, it has a place for a built-in wardrobe or dressing room.

To compensate for the decrease in the area of ​​​​the room, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe kitchen has been reduced. But it almost did not lose its functionality, because due to the transfer of the wall closer to the bathroom door, there was a place for installing a refrigerator. Such a redevelopment of Khrushchev led to the fact that the dining area was moved to the room, and the swing doors were replaced or

At the same time, the room has an L-shaped appearance, and this makes it possible to put a partition that will separate the "children's bedroom" from the "living-dining room". The same option is suitable for those who want to make a two-room apartment from a one-room apartment. Often couples with a small child start such a remake of Khrushchev. Another option for remaking a 1-room apartment into a 2-room apartment, with a different initial layout.

This is the easiest way - to put a drywall partition. It should occupy no more than half of the clearance, so that in the second half there is still natural light.

Another example of how you can turn a corner one-room "Khrushche" into a studio apartment with a separate bedroom. In the bedroom, of course, there can be no extra items, only a bed and a wardrobe. But she is isolated.

Alteration of Khrushchev kopeck piece

Two-room Khrushchevs in the houses of these years are the majority. Their disadvantages are the same as those of one-room apartments: small areas and inconvenient layout, walk-through rooms. However, most problems can be solved by moving some of the walls. For example, adjoining rooms can be divided, and at the same time, a three-room one can be made from a two-room one.

Alteration of Khrushchev: from the "tram" we make two separate rooms

We put an additional partition separating the room from the corridor. Thus, a rather large room is obtained, which can be used as a pantry, or can be turned into a dressing room. The second room - long and narrow - is divided into two zones: a bedroom and a living room with a light partition made of drywall or other sheet material.

In the photo below - another type of walk-through rooms in a kopeck piece: - to get into the second room, the first one needs to be crossed from one wall to another. Extremely unsuccessful layout in the sense that the functionality of the first room is very low: a “dead” passage zone falls out. And since a closet is often made at the end of the second room, it cannot be fully used either.

According to the proposed alteration, the shape of the bathroom becomes rectangular due to the transfer of the wall, the entrance hall is combined with the first room. It is used as a living room, from which the entrance to the kitchen is made. The back room is divided into two small bedrooms. Pay attention to the partition between the two bedrooms - it is non-linear, so that it is possible to arrange a small dressing room in both rooms.

Redevelopment of Khrushchev: 2 rooms

You can have an ordinary two-room apartment in panel Khrushchev turn into a modern studio apartment with a combined. The main task with such a redevelopment is to obtain permission to move the front doors. At the same time, the former entrance hall turns into. The kitchen and living room are combined through a partially demolished partition, and the bathroom is also combined.

If desired, the second room can be divided into two using a light partition that separates the bedroom of the working area or office. To make zoning more complete but at the same time have access to the bedroom sunlight, the partition can not be made to its full height, but by about 1.5 meters.

An interesting option for redevelopment of a corner kopeck piece

The issue of reworking the kopeck piece in this version of the rework is very effectively resolved. In fact, she became a three-ruble note. Due to the fact that the entrance hall is sloping, the area of ​​​​the bathroom is increased. The partition separating the kitchen from the room is partially dismantled. The second room is divided into two parts, the area of ​​the second is increased by a pantry and a closet. It turned out two separate bedrooms, and due to the fact that the apartment is corner, there are windows in both.

The corridor has an unusual shape - its walls are located diagonally. Its functionality is small, but the area too. Other than that, a very good choice.

Redevelopment of 3 x room Khrushchev

Alteration of a three-room apartment in Khrushchev series II-57.3.2. The worst thing about this option is the meager size of the toilet and bathroom. Basically, in order to correct the situation and repairs were started. For redevelopment, the walls between the toilet and the bathroom were removed, the adjacent part of the corridor was fenced off with a wall in which doors were made. Since in the area where the corridor used to be, the waterproofing of the floor is worse, additional measures are required in this area.

Second weakness initial layout: nowhere to put a closet. There was a small closet in the corridor occupied by the bathroom, but it was very small. In this regard, it was decided to move the wall of one of the bedrooms, and make a wardrobe in the vacated space.

To unite the kitchen and living room, part of the wall was destroyed. According to the project, it was necessary to strengthen the adjacent load-bearing walls and floors. Since the stove in the kitchen is gas, doors are needed. Sliding ones were installed.

The next repair option was started in order to increase the area of ​​​​the bathrooms, as well as turn one of the rooms into a living-dining room, with access to the kitchen. Along the way, you need to get two bedrooms.

The walls between the toilet and the bathroom were dismantled, part of the corridor goes to the bathroom. To organize the normal space of the hallway, the wall of one of the rooms is slightly shifted. The entrance to the kitchen is made from the side of the living room, the entrance to the second bedroom is made on the opposite wall, and the door block, which previously led to the second bedroom, was dismantled and the opening was sealed. .

Redesigning the layout: before and after

Another option. The main task that the redevelopment of Khrushchev solves is to increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe kitchen and bathroom. The solution for the bathroom is traditional - the walls were removed, and the wall was also leveled. The small kitchen is combined with the dining room. It even found a place for a recreation group - a sofa and a TV.

Another problem solved: the passage rooms are separated. This happened due to a decrease in the area, but the premises became more functional, and two dressing rooms were made in the enclosed areas.

If you are thinking about removing the partition between the kitchen and the room, about

Alteration of 4 x room Khrushchev

With an increase in the number of rooms in apartments of this layout, the disadvantages are only exacerbated: the small bathroom and kitchen no longer become, the rooms are often walk-through. One of the worst options in the photo below. This is what was "before" that.

Redevelopment of 4 x room Khrushchev: photo "before"

This apartment has a relatively large entrance hall, but it is not very functional. The only corner with decent walls is occupied by a pantry. It is problematic to use all other walls: 7 doors open into the hallway.

Redevelopment of 4 x room Khrushchev: photo "after"

In the proposed version, the rooms have a more regular shape - closer to the square, which is easier to use. There are two separate bedrooms left, and two rooms have been turned into a dining room and a living room. From the hallway there is an entrance to the enclosed dressing room.

The bathroom remained separate, the area of ​​the bathroom was increased by straightening the wall. The part that previously belonged to the corridor also requires strengthening the waterproofing.

The problem of limited space in Khrushchev is quite understandable. Houses were built at a time when the population of cities was rapidly increasing, but how to organize life for a modern person who lives in an apartment with a small area and an uncomfortable layout? An independent redevelopment of a 2-room Khrushchev apartment will help to solve the problem, the features, advantages and disadvantages of which are further in the material.

The layout features of a little comfortable two-room apartment in Khrushchev are quite noticeable, and their examples are collected in a small selection of photos. Often these are negative points, as discomfort from the inconvenient arrangement of rooms, limited space due to the small area of ​​​​the rooms. That is why the owners of such apartments seek to carry out redevelopment by attracting a hired team of builders. In order to economize cash, you can do the repair yourself.

Repair Khrushchev with redevelopment has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of this solution are the following points:

• rooms become more spacious and comfortable, and their interiors become more residential;
• many walls in such houses are not load-bearing, therefore, with some diligence, they can be dismantled quite quickly. load-bearing walls do not use, and the new design will delight you in full;
• The new layout opens up unlimited possibilities for apartment owners. The design of the premises can be different, which allows you to show your imagination, make a unique surface finish, thereby decorating the interior.

The redevelopment process has the following disadvantages:

• the complexity of repair and design, because it involves the dismantling and erection of walls and piers in the apartment;
• takes the space of one of the adjacent rooms due to separation;
• requires additional investment for the dismantling of the wall and the design of the rooms. However, when doing the work with your own hands, the significance of this drawback can be somewhat underestimated;
• longer repair, increased degree of pollution with construction debris and dust after work.

Coordination of work

Ideas for all sorts of redevelopment, their design is really unique. But when performing work, problems often arise: how to coordinate repairs with the relevant city authorities? It is necessary to make sure that the repair plan does not apply to refurbishment. This concept provides for the installation, replacement, transfer of utilities, sanitary, electrical, and so on. All these changes must be made to the registration certificate of a residential apartment. If such events are not planned, it will not be necessary to legitimize the redevelopment. If the repair work includes such operations, they will need to be agreed and included in the registration certificate.

It will not be possible to order, prepare the necessary papers quickly, the whole process can take up to 8 months. You can reduce this time by contacting the housing authority directly. But cooperation with a real estate, construction company will cost certain amounts of money.

It is important to remember that not all types of redevelopment require approval. Among those changes that do not require approval:

• erection or removal from light material, for example, from drywall;
• transfer of interior partitions;
• decoration of a balcony or loggia with plastic panels.

But there are a number of processes that cannot be carried out without coordination. These works include:

• expansion of the area of ​​​​the apartment due to the flight of stairs;
• removal of load-bearing structures and relocation of utilities;
• combining several rooms into one.

Redevelopment options

Apartments in five-story buildings, called Khrushchevs, are distinguished by negative features, so many people tend to consider options for redevelopment with their own hands. To choose one of them, you need to carefully understand which redevelopment of Khrushchev is most relevant in this case, which projects, ideas are the most successful and do not involve load-bearing walls.

Whatever type of redevelopment is planned, the apartment must have three functional zones:

• kitchen;
• for relax;
• bedroom.

Separation of adjoining rooms

As practice shows, adjacent rooms in such houses cause a lot of inconvenience for the people living here. But there is a way out of this situation. You can separate two rooms, slightly reducing the usable area in one of them. In this case, the following options are possible.

Combination of the hall with the kitchen

The hall in Khrushchev is most often connected to the kitchen, meager square meters which is not allowed to accommodate in such a space all the relevant items of equipment, furniture, and so on. By removing part interior wall there is more space in the apartment. And with the correct zoning of the resulting space, the application of methods visual expansion spaces you can create a truly functional, comfortable and attractive interior. Take on board the ideas of experienced decorators.

Repair has the following advantages:

• the combination of the hall with the kitchen allows you to allocate a separate area for cooking, dining and relaxing, not burdened with extra walls. It is possible to delimit the described zones by finishing the wall, floor and ceiling, by constructing mobile shelves, as well as by using light thread curtains and so on;
• such a technique allows you to give the apartment maximum functionality;
• aesthetically, the combination of the hall and the kitchen looks very original. Today, this design is very fashionable.

Such a space in Khrushchev looks original, where the living room and kitchen areas are separated by a bar counter. Such an interior is both functional and interesting in appearance, as evidenced by the photo below.

If a balcony adjoins the kitchen, its space can be used to increase the kitchen area. The wall between the balcony is removed, the kitchen is expanded, and additional useful meters of the area are placed dining area like the photo below. Only in this case, it will be necessary to carry out work on the insulation of the balcony, so that in the winter season it would be comfortable to be in the kitchen, and there would be no inconvenience due to the low air temperature.

Owners of Khrushchev houses are often desperately thinking about the upcoming repairs in their homes. After all, the layout of these apartments is so inconvenient that not every inexperienced beginner in the repair business will be able to properly and beautifully organize the living space. However, if you approach the matter in a balanced way, then it is quite possible to create a good interior. two-room Khrushchev as shown in the photo.

In order to know exactly what needs to be created, you must first imagine, or better, draw your project on paper. Since the original layout is extremely inconvenient, it is recommended to change the functionality of the premises and plan the demolition of internal, non-load-bearing partitions to expand the space. You should know that the apartment must have three functional zones:

Dining.
For spending time together.
For sleep.

Given these rules, they carry out redevelopment of Khrushchev.

First of all, you need to get rid of the ridiculous pantry, which occupies a considerable usable area. Instead of this design, you can order a comfortable, beautiful wardrobe that will transform a dull room.
The next step is to create an arch between the living room and the kitchen. This will allow you to place a large dining table for family dinners.
In order not to look for a place for a washing machine, it is recommended to increase the size of the bathroom by moving the wall into the hallway.
To make the area of ​​the bathroom as spacious as possible, it is recommended not to separate the extended bathroom and toilet.
To get the original design with your own hands, you can use low partitions in the arrangement of the apartment.

We form functional zones

Agree that in small apartment, in which there are only 2 rooms, moreover, adjacent, one does not have to dream of a spacious bedroom. Therefore, this room should be of such a size that it can accommodate a bed and a couple of bedside tables. To create an intimate atmosphere, instead of swing doors, it is recommended to install sliding systems, which we see in the photo.

The living room in Khrushchev is the area where guests are received, family gala dinners are held, and the whole family gathers in the evenings. This means that the design of the hall, created by oneself, should be beautiful, comfortable and homely. To get the maximum area, you can use a balcony or loggia.

By combining the hall and the balcony, you get a large space to create a living room. In order for the resulting room to be rationally used by all family members, it is necessary to place a TV, a comfortable sofa, a table for coffee and magazines in the hall. If necessary, one of the parts can be fenced off with a screen and created there children's Corner. If one of the family members works at home, on the loggia, you can organize a comfortable workplace.

As mentioned above, it is better to partially demolish the partition between the kitchen and the room, and arrange a bar counter in its place. Then on the border of two adjacent rooms it will be possible to create a dining area.

Option without redevelopment

One of the most unfortunate types of Khrushchev can be called vests. In such housing it is almost impossible to create a successful design. The only way out is to combine one of the rooms with the kitchen through interior arch thus creating a kitchen-dining room. In this case, the second room is equipped with a bedroom. This is one of the acceptable and often used options for creating a comfortable and functional design in a vest without redevelopment.

Stylistic directions

Connoisseurs of modern trends and technologies will suit the design option in a two-room Khrushchev in the high-tech direction. In this case, open metal racks are used, which are easily assembled by hand. The use of cold light and color shades in the design is also welcome.

An example of a design in this style we see in the photo.

For an apartment with only 2 rooms, the option of arranging in minimalist style. This direction is suitable for housing with adjacent rooms, and for the type of Khrushchev vest. This style, which we can see in the photo, involves the use of the minimum, most necessary things and items in everyday life. In the color scheme, light colors with small bright additions are welcome.

For lovers of Asian trends, a two-room Khrushchev can be decorated in Japanese style. This direction involves a minimum of furniture and accessories, while focusing on the environmental friendliness and naturalness of the materials used.

Summing up, it should be noted that to create a cozy and comfortable housing in two-room apartment Khrushchev times without redevelopment is quite difficult. However, using modern materials and design techniques, even such an uncomfortable structure, can be transformed into a functional and beautiful living space.

In contact with

Khrushchevs are five-story buildings with brick or tiled walls. The beginning of construction falls on the 60s of the twentieth century, when the goal was to create the maximum number of residential buildings in the shortest possible time, which is why Khrushchev houses are characterized by low comfort of housing. Khrushchev's layout has many varieties, depending on the area and location of the apartment.

The main characteristics of Khrushchev

Khrushchevs initially belonged to the type of temporary housing with an operational period of up to 25 years. The unbearable type of buildings had a residential norm of up to 50 years. However, after a while it was decided that the Khrushchevs could be used for up to 150 years, subject to the deadlines for major repairs. Khrushchev's layout has its own characteristics, including:

• shared bathrooms;
• the presence of walk-through rooms;
• small area;
• low ceilings;
• poor heat and sound insulation caused by insufficient wall thickness.

The ceiling height in Khrushchev barely reaches 2.5 m, in the type this figure can increase to 2.7 m. There are no elevators in 4- or 5-story buildings, which does not increase the comfort of living conditions.

Apartment area

Khrushchev's layout largely depends on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bhousing:

• the total area of ​​one-room apartments varies from 31 to 33 m 2;
• two-room - 30-46 m 2;
• three-room - 55-58 m 2.

Analyzing the area of ​​​​each individual room, you can get the following numbers:

• the area ranges from 14 m 2;
• bedrooms have an area of ​​8 m 2;
• children's - from 6 m 2;
• kitchens - from 4.5 m 2.

Despite the fact that in many cities, due to the condition, such buildings have already been identified for demolition, overhaul allows you to significantly extend the life of Soviet Khrushchev.

Varieties of Khrushchev

Khrushchev's layout has various variations. There are several series of buildings, each of which has its own characteristics.

Buildings 1960-1967

Similar buildings belong to the 1-464 series, their distinctive features are low ceilings (2.5 m), a kitchen with a small area (5.8 m 2); the presence of built-in wardrobes, pantry and balcony. There are four apartments on the ground floor. Houses, as a rule, are panel, having five floors.

Buildings 1963-1967

They belong to the 1-335 series, differ from the previous one only in enlarged ones (6.2 m 2). In one-room apartments, the living room has an area of ​​18 m 2, there is a storage room at the end of the room, access to the balcony is also from the living room. The bathroom is combined and located near the kitchen.

Buildings 1958-1964

They belong to the 1-434 series, the differences from the previous series are only in the area of ​​​​the rooms. For one-room apartments, this figure reaches 17-18 m 2, and for two- and three-room apartments it ranges from 17-20.5 m 2. Khrushchev's layouts, 2 rooms of which have an end location, are considered the most comfortable of this series.

Buildings 1958-1964

They belong to the 1-434C series, have a similar layout. The kitchen area has been increased to 5.9 m2. They are located in brick five-story buildings, the floors between the floors are made of reinforced concrete slabs.

Arrangement of a small Khrushchev

Khrushchev's layouts, 2 rooms of which need to be made cozy and functional, require a responsible approach to the design issue. The most difficult to design is studio apartment, its small area does not make it possible to equip each family member with a place for privacy.

Therefore, in order to equip a bedroom, a living room, a nursery and an office in one room, you need to try hard. Transforming furniture comes to the aid of the owners, which can perform several functions at once. The main thing is when choosing to give preference to quality goods that can for a long time undergo active use, while maintaining a good appearance.

Layout of a 3-room Khrushchev

In a three-room Khrushchev in one of the rooms there is a pantry. It is optimal to use this room for arranging a full-fledged bedroom with its own dressing room. Such a solution will help to cope with the problem of storing things in the apartment, unload the room and allow you to create an organized space.

The second room, as a rule, is made out as a living room. In it you can receive guests, leave them overnight. The third room is for children. If there are many children in the family, the living room can also be designed very functionally, providing not only a children's corner, but also a common area, for example, for watching TV with the whole family.

With the right approach, you can make a cozy and functional apartment even from the smallest Khrushchev. Apartment layouts allow you to experiment with the placement of furniture and functional areas. The best option for creating a comfortable apartment (this is especially true one-room Khrushchev) is the acquisition of a high-quality design project, in which every step is thought out to the smallest detail.