Annual statistical collection. Search results for \"stat sb\". There is a gradual increase in income from the use of state and municipal property

Russian Federation in numbers...: Krat. stat. Sat. / State com. Russian Federation on statistics (Goskomstat of Russia). - Moscow: Rep. information ed. center, 1993-. - 15 cm; ISBN 5-7798-0013-8
In the region in the subplot 2003, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2012: Official publication.

Marc21

Description

Compound

2019. - 2019. - 549 p. : table; ISBN 978-5-89476-465-8: 460 copies.
Storage: SVT Stat U/6;
Storage: CSB 16B1/R76;

Russian Federation in numbers...: Krat. stat. Sat. / State com. Russian Federation on statistics (Goskomstat of Russia). - Moscow: Rep. information ed. center, 1993-. - 15 cm.
2018. - 2018. - 522 p. : ill.; ISBN 978-5-89476-450-4: 600 copies.
Storage: CSB 16B1/R76;
Storage: SVT Stat U/6;

Russian Federation in numbers...: Krat. stat. Sat. / State com. Russian Federation on statistics (Goskomstat of Russia). - Moscow: Rep. information ed. center, 1993-. - 15 cm.
2017 / [editor: A. E. Surinov - prev. and etc.]. - 2017. - 511 p. : table; ISBN 978-5-89476-435-1: 750 copies.
Storage: CSB 16B1/R76;
Storage: SVT Stat U/6;

Russian Federation in numbers...: Krat. stat. Sat. / State com. Russian Federation on statistics (Goskomstat of Russia). - Moscow: Rep. information ed. center, 1993-. - 15 cm.
2016 / [editor: A. E. Surinov - prev. and etc.]. - 2016. - 543 p. : table; ISBN 978-5-89476-418-4: 900 copies.
Storage: CSB 16B1/R76;
Storage: SVT Stat U/6;

Russian Federation in numbers...: Krat. stat. Sat. / State com. Russian Federation on statistics (Goskomstat of Russia). - Moscow: Rep. information ed. center, 1993-. - 15 cm.
2015 / [editor: A. E. Surinov - prev. and etc.]. - 2015. - 543 p. : table; ISBN 978-5-89476-400-9: 900 copies.
Storage: CSB 16B1/R76;
Storage: SVT Stat U/6;

Russian Federation in numbers...: Krat. stat. Sat. / State com. Russian Federation on statistics (Goskomstat of Russia). - Moscow: Rep. information ed. center, 1993-. - 15 cm.
2014 / [editor: A. E. Surinov - prev. and etc.]. - 2014. - 558 p. : table; ISBN 978-5-89476-377-4
Storage: SVT Stat U/6;
Storage: CSB 16B1/R76;

Russian Federation in numbers...: Krat. stat. Sat. / State com. Russian Federation on statistics (Goskomstat of Russia). - Moscow: Rep. information ed. center, 1993-. - 15 cm.
2013: [editor: A. E. Surinov - prev. and etc.]. - 2013. - 573 p. : table; ISBN 978-5-89476-356-9
Storage: CSB 16B1/R76;
Storage: SVT Stat U/6;

Russian Federation in numbers...: Krat. stat. Sat. / State com. Russian Federation on statistics (Goskomstat of Russia). - Moscow: Rep. information ed. center, 1993-. - 15 cm.
2012 / [editor: A. E. Surinov (pres.) and others]. - 2012. - 573 p. : ill., table; ISBN 978-5-89476-333-0 (translated)
Storage: SVT Stat U/6;
Storage: CSB 16B1/R76;

Russian Federation in numbers...: Krat. stat. Sat. / State com. Russian Federation on statistics (Goskomstat of Russia). - Moscow: Rep. information ed. center, 1993-. - 15 cm.
2011. - 2011. - 581 p. : ill., table; ISBN 978-5-89476-315-6 (translated)
Storage: SVT Stat U/6;
Storage: CSB 16B1/R76;

Russian Federation in numbers...: Krat. stat. Sat. / State com. Russian Federation on statistics (Goskomstat of Russia). - Moscow: Rep. information ed. center, 1993-. - 15 cm.
...2005: 2005. - 2005 (OJSC Tip. News). - 477 p. : ill., table; ISBN 5-89476-164-6 (in the region)
The collection contains data characterizing the state structure of the Russian Federation, production and use of gross domestic product. Information is provided on the population, its employment and monetary income.
Storage: FB 12 94-1/192-1;
Storage: CSB 16B1/R76;
Storage: CZ2 U051.9(2)/P76;
Storage: MFK 801-11/573;

Russian Federation in numbers...: Krat. stat. Sat. / State com. Russian Federation on statistics (Goskomstat of Russia). - Moscow: Rep. information ed. center, 1993-. - 15 cm.
2010. - 2010. - 558 p. : table; ISBN 978-5-89476-290-6
Economy -- Russian Federation -- Statistical materials
Storage: CSB 16B1/R76;
Storage: SVT Stat U/6;

Russian Federation in numbers...: Krat. stat. Sat. / State com. Russian Federation on statistics (Goskomstat of Russia). - Moscow: Rep. information ed. center, 1993-. - 15 cm.
2009. - 2009. - 525 p. : ill., table; ISBN 978-5-89476-269-2 (translated)
Storage: SVT Stat U/6;
Storage: CSB 16B1/R76;

Russian Federation in numbers...: Krat. stat. Sat. / State com. Russian Federation on statistics (Goskomstat of Russia). - Moscow: Rep. information ed. center, 1993-. - 15 cm.
... 2003. - (OJSC Tip. News). - 398 p. : table; ISBN 5-89476-129-8 (in the region)
The collection provides information on the socio-economic situation in Russia in 2002 in comparison with previous years. The book is intended for higher management personnel, government employees.
Storage: FB 12 94-1/192-1;
Storage: CSB 16B1/R76;

Russian Federation in numbers...: Krat. stat. Sat. / State com. Russian Federation on statistics (Goskomstat of Russia). - Moscow: Rep. information ed. center, 1993-. - 15 cm.
2008. - 2008. - 510 p. : ill., table; ISBN 978-5-89476-245-6 (translated)
Storage: FB 12 94-1/192-1;
Storage: SVT Stat U/6;

Russian Federation in numbers...: Krat. stat. Sat. / State com. Russian Federation on statistics (Goskomstat of Russia). - Moscow: Rep. information ed. center, 1993-. - 15 cm.
2007. - 2007. - 494 p. : ill., table; ISBN 978-5-89476-221-0
Storage: SVT Stat U/6;
Storage: CSB 16B1/R76;

Russian Federation in numbers...: Krat. stat. Sat. / State com. Russian Federation on statistics (Goskomstat of Russia). - Moscow: Rep. information ed. center, 1993-. - 15 cm.
… 2004: 2004. - 2004 (OJSC Tip. News). - 431 p. : table; ISBN 5-89476-171-9 (in the region)
The collection provides information on the socio-economic situation in Russia in 2003 in comparison with previous years.
Economy -- Russian Federation -- Statistical materials
Storage: FB 12 94-1/192-1;
Storage: FB 12 94-1/193-X;
Storage: MFK 801-11/572;

Russian Federation in numbers...: Krat. stat. Sat. / State com. Russian Federation on statistics (Goskomstat of Russia). - Moscow: Rep. information ed. center, 1993-. - 15 cm.
2001. - 2001. - 397 pp.; ISBN 5-89476-092-5
Storage: FB 12 94-1/193-X;

Russian Federation in numbers...: Krat. stat. Sat. / State com. Russian Federation on statistics (Goskomstat of Russia). - Moscow: Rep. information ed. center, 1993-. - 15 cm.
… 2002: 2002. - 2002. - 398 p. : table; ISBN 5-89476-103-4 (in the region)
The collection provides information on the socio-economic situation in Russia in 2001 in comparison with previous years.
Storage: FB 12 94-1/192-1;
Storage: CSB 16B1/R76;

Russian Federation in numbers...: Krat. stat. Sat. / State com. Russian Federation on statistics (Goskomstat of Russia). - Moscow: Rep. information ed. center, 1993-. - 15 cm.
2001 / [Editorial Board: V. L. Sokolin - Prev. and etc.]. - 2001. - 397 p. : ill., table; ISBN 5-89476-092-5
Storage: FB 12 94-1/192-1;
Storage: CSB 16B1/R76;

Russian Federation in numbers...: Krat. stat. Sat. / State com. Russian Federation on statistics (Goskomstat of Russia). - Moscow: Rep. information ed. center, 1993-. - 15 cm.
2006. - 2006. - 462 p. : table; ISBN 5-89476-218-9
Storage: FB 12 94-1/192-1;
Storage: CSB 16B1/R76;

Russian Federation in numbers...: Krat. stat. Sat. / State com. Russian Federation on statistics (Goskomstat of Russia). - Moscow: Rep. information ed. center, 1993-. - 15 cm.
2000 / [Editorial committee: V. L. Sokolin and others]. - 2000. - 396 p. : ill., table; ISBN 5-89476-052-6
Storage: FB 12 94-1/192-1;
Storage: CSB 16B1/R76;

Russian Federation in numbers...: Krat. stat. Sat. / State com. Russian Federation on statistics (Goskomstat of Russia). - Moscow: Rep. information ed. center, 1993-. - 15 cm.
1999 / [Editorial committee: V. L. Sokolin and others]. - 1999. - 416 p. : ill., table; ISBN 5-89476-034-8
Storage: FB 12 94-1/192-1;
Storage: CSB 16B1/R76;

Russian Federation in numbers...: Krat. stat. Sat. / State com. Russian Federation on statistics (Goskomstat of Russia). - Moscow: Rep. information ed. center, 1993-. - 15 cm.
1998. - 1998. - 427 p. : ill.; ISBN 5-89476-013-5
Storage: FB 12 94-1/192-1;
Storage: CSB 16B1/R76;
Storage: OMF 801-99/1016-4;

This collection is the most complete annual publication of the Federal State Statistics Service, reflecting the phenomena and processes occurring in the economic, social and political life of the country.

The collection was prepared on the basis of data received by state statistics bodies from enterprises, organizations, and the population through censuses, sample surveys and other forms of statistical observation, data from ministries and departments of the Russian Federation, as well as materials from international organizations.

The collection presents statistical data on the socio-economic situation in Russia in 2015 in comparison with previous years. For many indicators, data have been presented since 1990, and for some - over a longer period. The collection includes about 800 tables characterizing the development of the Russian economy as a whole, as well as its individual sectors. Information on the activities of organizations is presented by type of economic activity. Some indicators are given by federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Data for 2014 for some indicators have been clarified in comparison with those published previously; for 2015, in a number of cases, they are preliminary.

The yearbook presents statistical data on the socio-economic situation of republics, territories, regions, federal cities, autonomous regions and autonomous districts, allowing comparisons to be made and comprehensive information to be obtained about the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. More detailed information on these issues is published on a regular basis in the annual statistical collections of Rosstat "Regions of Russia. Socio-economic indicators. 2016", "Regions of Russia. Main characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. 2016".

The data was calculated in accordance with the principles of modern methodology, which allows them to be compared with international indicators.

The collection was published with a CD containing an electronic version of the statistical collection "Russian Statistical Yearbook. 2016" and its appendices with information on socio-economic indicators for Russia as a whole in the long-term dynamics of years (1991-2015).

The collection is intended for senior management personnel, managers and employees of enterprises and organizations, scientific, business and banking circles, teaching staff, graduate students and students of economic universities, and other interested users.

Preface

1. MAIN SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

1.1. Main socio-economic indicators
1.2. Average annual growth (decrease) rates of main socio-economic indicators
1.3. Growth (decrease) rates of main socio-economic indicators

2. GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

State structure of the Russian Federation
2.1. Territory and urban settlements of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2016
2.2. Characteristics of municipalities in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2015
2.3. Number of employees government agencies and local governments by branches of government and levels of government
2.4. Dynamics of the number of employees of government agencies and bodies local government by branches of government and levels of management
2.5. The number of employees of state bodies and local governments by branches of government and constituent entities of the Russian Federation at the end of 2015
2.6. Number of employees of federal government bodies at the end of 2015
2.7. Number of employees of federal executive authorities in some countries of the world
2.8. The number of employees of state bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments by branches of government at the end of 2015
2.9. Number of employees holding civil and municipal service positions in the Russian Federation, by branches of government and levels of management
2.10. Dynamics of the number of workers filling civil and municipal service positions in the Russian Federation, by branches of government and levels of management
2.11. Compound Federal Assembly Russian Federation
Methodological notes

3. NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Natural resources and climate
3.1. Land area
3.2. Water resources
3.3. Volumes of water in the largest lakes and reservoirs
3.4. Average monthly air temperature and precipitation in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2015.

Environmental protection
3.5. Key indicators characterizing the impact of economic activities on the environment
3.6. Specially protected natural areas
3.7. State nature reserves and national parks
3.8. Using fresh water
3.9. Volume of circulating and sequential water use by type of economic activity
3.10. The entry of pollutants with wastewater into water bodies
3.11. Volume of polluted wastewater discharge by basins of individual seas and rivers
3.12. Volume of wastewater discharge into surface water bodies by type of economic activity
3.13. Emissions and capture of pollutants atmosphere of substances emanating from stationary sources
3.14. Emissions of the most common air pollutants from stationary sources
3.15. Emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere from stationary sources, by type of economic activity
3.16. Use (disposal) of air pollutants captured by treatment plants
3.17. Investments in fixed assets aimed at environmental protection and rational use natural resources
3.18. Commissioning of capacities to protect water resources and atmospheric air from pollution

Geological exploration work
3.19. Distribution of geological exploration work by funding sources
3.20. Distribution of geological exploration works by types of minerals
3.21. Deep exploration drilling
Methodological notes

4. POPULATION

4.1. Key Demographics

Population size and composition
4.2. Population
4.3. Population by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
4.4. Number of men and women
4.5. Distribution of the number of men and women by age groups as of January 1, 2016.
4.6. Population distribution by age groups
4.7. Number of women per 1000 men of the corresponding age group
4.8. Distribution of population by gender and main age groups by constituent entities of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2016.
4.9. Population (according to forecast options)
4.10. Number of men and women (according to forecast options)
4.11. Population by individual age groups (according to forecast options)
4.12. National composition population
4.13. National population structure
4.14. Cities with a population of 100 thousand or more people

Distribution of urban and rural settlements by number of inhabitants
4.15. Distribution of cities and towns by number of inhabitants
4.16. Distribution of rural settlements by number of inhabitants

Vital Statistics
4.17. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth
4.18. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
4.19. Life expectancy at birth

Fertility
4.20. Age-specific fertility rates

Mortality
4.21. Age-specific mortality rates
4.22. Mortality by main classes of causes of death
4.23. Infant mortality
4.24. Infant mortality by main classes of causes of death

Marriages and divorces
4.25. Marriages and divorces
4.26. Marriages by age of the bride and groom

Migration
4.27. International migration
4.28. Intra-Russian migration by territories of arrival and departure
4.29. General results population migration by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
4.30. Number of internally displaced persons
4.31. Number of refugees
4.32. Number of persons granted temporary asylum
Methodological notes

Employment and unemployment
5.1. Number of labor force, employed and unemployed
5.2. Labor force participation rate, employment rate and unemployment rate
5.3. Number of labor force, employed and unemployed by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
5.4. Average annual number of employees by type of ownership
5.5. Average annual number of employees by type of economic activity
5.6. Total labor costs in full-time equivalents by type of economic activity
5.7. Rates of growth (decrease) in labor productivity by type of economic activity
5.8. Share of women in the total number of employees by type of economic activity
5.9. Number of employees by gender and type of economic activity
5.10. Number of employees by gender and occupation groups
5.11. Structure of employees by age groups
5.12. Structure of employed people by level of education
5.13. Structure of employees by type of economic activity and level of education in 2015
5.14. The number of foreign citizens working in Russia in 2000-2010.
5.15. Number of foreign citizens who had a valid work permit
5.16. The number of foreign citizens who had a valid patent to carry out labor activities
5.17. Distribution of the number of foreign citizens who had a valid work permit by age group in 2015.
5.18. Distribution of the number of foreign citizens who had a valid patent to carry out labor activities, by age group in 2015.
5.19. Structure of the unemployed by age group
5.20. Structure of the unemployed by level of education
5.21. Structure of the unemployed by circumstances of unemployment
5.22. Structure of the unemployed by methods of job search
5.23. Structure of the unemployed by duration of job search
5.24. Number of unemployed by gender and occupation groups at last place of work
5.25. Unemployment rate by gender and occupation group at last place of work
5.26. Average duration job search for unemployed people by age group
5.27. Employment of the population by state institutions of the employment service
5.28. Number of unemployed population registered with state employment service institutions, by constituent entities of the Russian Federation

Recruitment and departure of workers, use of working time, strikes
5.29. Reception and departure of workers by type of economic activity
5.30. Number of employees of organizations who worked part-time, by type of economic activity in 2015
5.31. Strikes

Working conditions, industrial injuries
5.32. The share of the number of workers employed in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, by type of impact production factors
5.33. Share of the number of workers employed in jobs with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions in government and non-government organizations
5.34. Share of the number of men and women employed in jobs with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions
5.35. Share of the number of employees entitled to compensation for work under harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions
5.36. Injuries at work
5.37. Number of victims at work by type of economic activity
5.38. Occupational diseases(poisoning)
Methodological notes

6. LIVING STANDARD OF THE POPULATION

Indicators of the standard of living of the population
6.1. Main socio-economic indicators of the standard of living of the population
6.2. Household disposable income
6.3. Actual final household consumption
6.4. Indices of physical volume of actual final consumption of households

Income of the population
6.5. Dynamics of real income of the population
6.6. Volume and structure of cash income of the population
6.7. Cash income of the population by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
6.8. Cash income of the population by constituent entities of the Russian Federation (in percent)
6.9. Average monthly nominal accrued wage employees of organizations by type of economic activity
6.10. Accrued wages of employees of organizations by constituent entities of the Russian Federation

Pension and social security
6.11. Main indicators of pension provision
6.12. Number of pensioners and average size of assigned pensions by type of pension provision and categories of pensioners
6.13. Main indicators of the non-state pension system
6.14. Number of pensioners by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
6.15. Assigned pensions by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
6.16. Costs of benefits and social assistance
6.17. Basic social guarantees established by the legislation of the Russian Federation
6.18. The amounts of basic social guarantees established by the legislation of the Russian Federation in relation to the cost of living in 1993-1999.
6.19. The amounts of basic social guarantees established by the legislation of the Russian Federation in relation to the cost of living in 2001-2016.

Socio-economic differentiation of the population by income
6.20. Distribution of the population by average per capita monetary income
6.21. Distribution of total monetary income of the population
6.22. The cost of living in 1992-1999.
6.23. The cost of living in 2000-2015.
6.24. The cost of living established in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the fourth quarter of 2015.
6.25. The cost of living of a pensioner for the purpose of establishing a social supplement to a pension
6.26. Population with cash incomes below the subsistence level and cash income deficit
6.27. The share of the population with monetary incomes below the subsistence level in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
6.28. Distribution of poor households by main categories
6.29. Distribution of the poor by main groups

Expenses, savings and property of the population
6.30. Cash expenditures and savings of the population
6.31. Use of cash income of the population
6.32. Level and structure of household cash income depending on place of residence in 2014
6.33. Level and structure of cash income of households by quintile groups in 2014
6.34. Final consumption expenditures of households of various socio-economic categories in 2015
6.35. Household consumption expenditure
6.36. Household consumption expenditures by population groups with different levels of disposable resources in 2015
6.37. Nutritional and energy value of food in households
6.38. Availability of durable goods in households
6.39. Availability of durable goods by population groups with different levels of disposable resources in 2015.
6.40. Number of own passenger cars per 1000 population by constituent entities of the Russian Federation

Housing conditions of the population
6.41. Main indicators of living conditions of the population
6.42. Housing stock
6.43. City housing stock
6.44. Dilapidated and emergency housing stock
6.45. Housing improvement
6.46. Improvement of settlements
6.47. Commissioning of selected rural infrastructure facilities
6.48. Registration of rights to residential premises based on purchase and sale agreements
6.49. Providing citizens with subsidies to pay for housing and utilities
6.50. Providing citizens with social support to pay for housing and utilities
6.51. Total area of ​​residential premises per resident on average, by constituent entity of the Russian Federation
6.52. Distribution of households by type and amenities of occupied residential premises
6.53. Distribution of households with different levels of disposable resources by type of occupied residential premises in 2015
6.54. Distribution of households by area of ​​residential premises per resident on average
6.55. Distribution of households with different levels of disposable resources by area of ​​residential premises per resident, on average, in 2015.
Methodological notes

7. EDUCATION

7.1. Key education indicators
7.2. Level of education of the population by age groups

Preschool education
7.3. Preschool educational organizations in 1932-2013.
7.4. Number of organizations carrying out educational activities in educational programs of preschool education, supervision and care of children
7.5. The number of pupils in organizations carrying out educational activities in educational programs of preschool education, childcare and supervision
7.6. Groups of short-term stay of pupils in preschool educational organizations in 2005-2013.
7.7. Groups of short-term stay of pupils in organizations carrying out educational activities in educational programs of preschool education, supervision and care of children
7.8. The number of teaching staff of organizations carrying out educational activities in educational programs of preschool education, supervision and care of children

Children and adolescents left without parental care
7.9. Placement for children and adolescents without parental care
7.10. Boarding institutions for children

Primary general, basic general, secondary general education
7.11. Number of state and municipal educational organizations
7.12. Number of students and teachers in state and municipal educational organizations
7.13. General education organizations (without evening (shift) general education organizations)
7.14. Number of students and teachers in general education organizations (excluding evening (shift) general education organizations)
7.15. Number of students in state and municipal general education organizations (excluding evening (shift) general education organizations) by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
7.16. Number of students in general education organizations (excluding evening (shift) general education organizations) by class group
7.17. Average class size in general education organizations (without evening (shift) general education organizations)
7.18. State and municipal educational organizations for students and pupils with disabilities
7.19. Shifts of classes in state and municipal general education organizations (without evening (shift) general education organizations)
7.20. State and municipal general education organizations (without evening (shift) general education organizations), equipped with classrooms for the fundamentals of computer science and computer technology
7.21. Electronic learning tools in state and municipal educational organizations (without evening (shift) educational organizations)
7.22. Evening (shift) general education organizations
7.23. Graduation of students by general education organizations
7.24. Number of teachers in state and municipal general education organizations (excluding evening (shift) general education organizations) by specialty and level of education
7.25. Organizations of additional education for children by type of educational activity

Secondary vocational education in training programs for skilled workers and employees
7.26. Professional educational organizations that train qualified workers and employees
7.27. Number of students enrolled in training programs for skilled workers and employees, by gender and age
7.28. Number of teachers of professional educational organizations training qualified workers and employees
7.29. Graduate of qualified workers and employees by profession
7.30. Electronic learning tools in professional educational organizations that train qualified workers and employees

Secondary vocational education in training programs for mid-level specialists
7.31. Professional educational organizations that train mid-level specialists
7.32. Number of students enrolled in training programs for mid-level specialists in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
7.33. Number of teachers of professional educational organizations training mid-level specialists
7.34. Admission to training programs for mid-level specialists by form of training
7.35. Graduates of mid-level specialists by state and municipal professional educational organizations, by groups of specialties
7.36. Graduation of mid-level specialists by private professional educational organizations, by groups of specialties
7.37. Number of students, admission to training programs for mid-level specialists and graduation of mid-level specialists by sources of funding for training
7.38. Electronic learning tools in professional educational organizations that train mid-level specialists

Higher education
7.39. Educational organizations higher education
7.40. Number of students by type of higher educational institutions in Russia in 1895, 1914.
7.41. The number of students in higher educational institutions per 10,000 population in individual countries of the world in 1890-1914.
7.42. Class composition of university students in 1900, 1914.
7.43. The number of graduates of Russian universities by groups of specialties in 1900-1913.
7.44. Number of students enrolled in bachelor's, specialist's and master's programs in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
7.45. The number of teaching staff in higher educational institutions of Russia in 1898/99, 1913/14.
7.46. Number of teaching staff of educational institutions of higher education
7.47. Admission to bachelor's, specialist's and master's programs by mode of study
7.48. Issue of bachelors, specialists, masters by state and municipal educational organizations of higher education in groups of specialties and areas of training
7.49. Issue of bachelors, specialists, masters by private educational organizations of higher education in groups of specialties and areas of training
7.50. Graduates with higher education according to the level of diplomas received
7.51. Number of students, admission to bachelor's, specialist's, master's programs and graduation of bachelors, specialists, masters by state and municipal educational organizations of higher education by funding sources
7.52. Electronic learning tools in educational institutions of higher education
7.53. The number of students from the CIS countries who studied in bachelor’s, specialist’s, and master’s programs in state and municipal educational organizations of higher education in Russia on the terms general admission
7.54. Foreign students who studied in bachelor's, specialist's, and master's programs in educational institutions of higher education in Russia
Methodological notes

8. HEALTHCARE

Treatment and preventive care for the population
8.1. Medical organizations
8.2. Number of beds in medical organizations providing care in inpatient settings, by specialization
8.3. Number of hospital beds per 10,000 population by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
8.4. Number of medical workers
8.5. Number of doctors in individual specialties
8.6. Number of doctors per 10,000 population by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
8.7. Number of paramedical personnel in individual specialties
8.8. Emergency medical services for the population
8.9. Surgical care in hospitals in 2015
8.10. Health care women and children
8.11. Termination of pregnancy (abortion)
8.12. Preventive examinations of the population subject to periodic examinations

Population morbidity
8.13. Population morbidity by main classes of diseases
8.14. Incidence of certain infectious diseases
8.15. Incidence of HIV infection
8.16. Incidence of malignant neoplasms
8.17. Incidence of active tuberculosis
8.18. Incidence of diseases transmitted primarily through sexual contact
8.19. Incidence of mental and behavioral disorders
8.20. Incidence of mental and behavioral disorders associated with substance use
8.21. Incidence of drug addiction in children aged 0-14 years and 15-17 years
8.22. Incidence of substance abuse in children aged 0-14 years and 15-17 years
8.23. Health status of pregnant women, women in labor, postpartum women and newborns
8.24. Morbidity of children aged 0-14 years by main classes of diseases

Disability of the population
8.25. Number of persons recognized as disabled for the first time
8.26. Distribution of the number of persons recognized as disabled for the first time, by reasons of disability
8.27. Number of disabled children under 18 years of age receiving social pensions
8.28. Stationary social service institutions for elderly citizens and disabled people
8.29. Number of places in inpatient social service institutions for elderly citizens and disabled people
8.30. Sanatorium and resort organizations and recreation organizations
8.31. Number of persons accommodated in sanatorium-resort organizations and recreation organizations
Methodological notes

9. CULTURE, RECREATION AND TOURISM

9.1. Main indicators of culture
9.2. Theaters
9.3. Circuses
9.4. Zoos
9.5. Museums in 1940-1994
9.6. Museums in 1995-2015
9.7. Monuments of history and culture in 1990-2013.
9.8. Objects of cultural and archaeological heritage
9.9. Objects of cultural and archaeological heritage by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2015
9.10. Cultural and leisure organizations
9.11. Public Libraries
9.12. Public library performance indicators
9.13. Publishing books and brochures
9.14. Publishing magazines and newspapers
9.15. Publishing books and brochures in individual languages ​​of the peoples of Russia
9.16. Release of magazine publications in individual languages ​​of the peoples of Russia
9.17. Publishing newspapers in individual languages ​​of the peoples of Russia
9.18. Publishing newspapers in selected languages ​​of the world
9.19. Coverage of the population by television and radio broadcasting in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2015.
9.20. Children's health camps
9.21. Hotels and similar accommodation facilities
9.22. Number of persons accommodated in hotels and similar accommodation facilities
9.23. Number of citizens of the Russian Federation accommodated in hotels and similar accommodation facilities
9.24. Number of foreign citizens accommodated in hotels and similar accommodation facilities
9.25. Number of citizens of the Russian Federation accommodated in collective accommodation facilities, by constituent entity of the Russian Federation
9.26. Passenger transportation and passenger turnover of inland water transport on tourist and excursion routes
9.27. Number of outbound tourist trips
9.28. Number of inbound tourist trips
9.29. The number of Russian tourists sent by travel companies on tours in Russia and foreign countries
9.30. Number of foreign tourists received by travel agencies
9.31. Number of sports facilities
9.32. Development of mass sports
Methodological notes

10. PUBLIC ASSOCIATIONS AND RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS

10.1. Number of public associations, political parties and non-profit organizations registered in the Russian Federation, as of January 1, 2016.
10.2. Average number of employees and average monthly accrued wages of employees of public associations
10.3. Number of non-profit organizations by type
10.4. Number of public associations and non-profit organizations by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
10.5. Number of religious organizations registered in the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2016
10.6. Number of religious organizations by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
10.7. Participation in the activities of public, voluntary and charitable organizations (movements)
Methodological notes

11. OFFENSES

11.1. Number of registered crimes by type
11.2. Composition of persons who committed crimes
11.3. Number of crimes committed by certain categories of persons
11.4. Number of crimes involving violent actions against victims, by constituent entity of the Russian Federation in 2015.
11.5. Number of victims of criminal attacks
11.6. Number of minors victims of criminal attacks
11.7. Number of people convicted by court sentences that have entered into legal force, by certain types of crimes
11.8. Number of convicts under the age of 30 for certain types of crimes
11.9. Composition of convicts
11.10. Distribution of convicted persons according to the main penalties imposed by the courts
11.11. Number of persons held in places of deprivation of liberty
Methodological notes

12. SYSTEM OF NATIONAL ACCOUNTS

National Accounts Indicators
12.1. Volume and dynamics of gross domestic product
12.2. Goods and Services Account
12.3. Production account
12.4. Education Income Account
12.5. Primary income distribution account
12.6. Secondary Distribution Account
12.7. Disposable income account
12.8. Capital account
12.9. Production account by economic sector
12.10. Issue by economic sector and sector
12.11. Gross value added by economic sectors and sectors
12.12. Indices of physical output volume by economic sectors
12.13. Indices of physical volume of gross value added by type of economic activity
12.14. Income generation account by economic sector
12.15. Gross domestic product by type of primary income
12.16. Use of gross domestic product
12.17. Gross Domestic Product Use (Percentage)
12.18. Final consumption expenditure and actual final consumption
12.19. Indices of physical volume of elements of gross domestic product use
12.20. Gross regional product
12.21. Gross added value of constituent entities of the Russian Federation by economic sectors in 2014

National wealth
12.22. The value of individual non-financial economic assets
12.23. Fixed assets
12.24. Fixed assets by type of ownership
12.25. Main characteristics of the movement of fixed assets
12.26. Fixed assets by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
12.27. Fixed assets by type of economic activity
12.28. Fixed assets by type of economic activity (in percent)
12.29. Rate of growth (decrease) in the volume of fixed assets by type of economic activity
12.30. Renewal rates for fixed assets by type of economic activity
12.31. Retirement rates of fixed assets by type of economic activity
12.32. The degree of depreciation of fixed assets by type of economic activity
12.33. Composition of fixed assets of commercial organizations
12.34. Composition of fixed assets of non-profit organizations
12.35. The degree of depreciation of fixed assets of commercial organizations
12.36. Share of completely worn-out fixed assets of commercial organizations
12.37. Commissioning of fixed assets by type of economic activity
12.38. Commissioning of fixed assets by type of economic activity (in percent)
12.39. Indicators of the balance of fixed assets in 2015
Methodological notes

13. ENTERPRISES AND ORGANIZATIONS

general characteristics enterprises and organizations
13.1. Distribution of enterprises and organizations by type of economic activity
13.2. Distribution of enterprises and organizations by type of ownership
13.3. Distribution of enterprises and organizations by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
13.4. Distribution of enterprises and organizations by constituent entities of the Russian Federation and types of economic activity in 2015
13.5. Turnover of organizations by type of economic activity

Small business
13.6. Number of small enterprises by main type of economic activity
13.7. Average number of employees of small enterprises by main type of economic activity
13.8. Turnover of small enterprises by main type of economic activity
13.9. Key performance indicators of small enterprises by constituent entities of the Russian Federation

Individual entrepreneurship
13.10. Key performance indicators individual entrepreneurs by main type of economic activity
13.11. Main performance indicators of individual entrepreneurs by constituent entities of the Russian Federation

Activities of organizations with foreign capital participation
13.12. Main performance indicators of organizations with foreign capital participation by main type of economic activity
13.13. The number of organizations in the Russian Federation with the participation of foreign capital from individual non-CIS countries at the end of 2014.
13.14. The number of organizations in the Russian Federation with the participation of foreign capital from CIS countries at the end of 2014.

Privatization
13.15. Structure of privatized state and municipal property by types of ownership and methods of privatization in 1998-2002.
13.16. Privatization of property complexes of state and municipal unitary enterprises by type of ownership and methods of privatization in 2010-2015.
13.17. Distribution of privatized property complexes of state and municipal unitary enterprises by type of economic activity
13.18. Receipt of funds from the privatization of state and municipal property and their distribution
13.19. Distribution of funds received from the privatization of state and municipal property in 2015 by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
13.20. Distribution of funds from the privatization of state and municipal property in 2015 by type of ownership
13.21. Main characteristics of business entities formed in the process of privatization of state and municipal unitary enterprises
13.22. Privatization of housing stock
Methodological notes

14. MINERAL MINING, PROCESSING INDUSTRIES,
PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY, GAS AND WATER

General economic indicators
14.1. Number of operating organizations and their territorially separate divisions by type of economic activity
14.2. Production (extraction) of main types of products in 1913-1965.
14.3. Volume of goods shipped own production of works and services performed using one's own resources by type of economic activity
14.4. Production indices for selected types of economic activity
14.5. Industrial production indices by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
14.6. Volume of shipped goods of own production, performed work and services on one’s own by type of economic activity “Mining” by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2015
14.7. Volume of shipped goods of own production, performed work and services on one’s own by type of economic activity “Manufacturing” by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2015
14.8. Volume of shipped goods of own production, performed works and services by own forces by type of economic activity "Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water" by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2015
14.9. Number of operating organizations and their territorially separate divisions by type of ownership in 2015.
14.10. Volume of shipped goods of own production, performed works and services in-house by type of ownership in 2015
14.11. The level of use of the average annual production capacity of organizations for the production of certain types of products of mining and manufacturing industries
14.12. Energy resource balance for 2014
14.13. Use of secondary energy resources
14.14. Specific energy consumption for the production of certain types of products
14.15. Specific consumption of equivalent fuel for the production of certain types of products

Mining
14.16. Coal mining by type
14.17. Oil production (including gas condensate) in 1872-1965.
14.18. Oil production in 1990-2015
14.19. Selected technical and economic indicators of the work of organizations producing crude oil and petroleum (associated) gas
14.20. Gas production and processing
14.21. Production and use of petroleum (associated) gas
14.22. Production of primary energy resources by type
14.23. Final consumption of fuel and energy resources by type of fuel and energy
14.24. Extraction of metal ores and other minerals

Manufacturing industries
Production of food products, including beverages, and tobacco
14.25. Production of main types of food products, beverages and tobacco products
14.26. Production of bread and bakery products by constituent entities of the Russian Federation

Textile and clothing production
14.27. Production of main types of textile and clothing products

Production of leather, leather goods and footwear production
14.28. Production of main types of leather goods and footwear production

Wood processing and production of wood products
14.29. Wood processing and production of wood products
14.30. Production of timber, sawn or split lengthwise, sliced ​​or peeled, with a thickness exceeding 6 mm; railway or tram wooden sleepers, unimpregnated in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
14.31. Selected technical and economic indicators of the work of organizations for wood processing and production of wood products

Pulp and paper production; publishing and printing activities
14.32. Production of main types of pulp and paper products, publishing and printing activities
14.33. Selected technical and economic indicators of the work of pulp and paper production organizations

Production of coke and petroleum products
14.34. Production of coke and the most important types of petroleum products
14.35. Petroleum processing depth

Chemical production
14.36. Production of main types of chemical products
14.37. Production of mineral or chemical fertilizers by type
14.38. Production of chemical fibers and threads by type
14.39. Production of certain types of medicines

Production of rubber and plastic products
14.40. Production of main types of rubber and plastic products

Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products
14.41. Production of main types of other non-metallic mineral products
14.42. Production of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures and parts in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

Metallurgical production and production of finished metal products
14.43. Production of main types of metallurgical products
14.44. Production of certain types of metallurgical products
14.45. Selected technical and economic indicators of the work of metallurgical production organizations
14.46. Rates of growth (decrease) in production of main types of non-ferrous metals in 2015

Manufacturing of machinery and equipment
14.47. Production of main types of machinery and equipment

Production of electrical equipment, electronic and optical equipment
14.48. Production of main types of electrical equipment, electronic and optical equipment

Production of vehicles and equipment
14.49. Production of main types of vehicles and equipment

Other production
14.50. Production of main types of products of other industries

Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water
14.51. Electric balance
14.52. Electricity production by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
14.53. Electricity production by types of power plants
14.54. Power plants capacity
14.55. Selected technical and economic indicators of the work of organizations for the production and distribution of electricity, gas and water
Methodological notes

15. AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY

Agriculture
Basic indicators Agriculture
15.1. Agricultural products by farm category
15.2. Agricultural products by farm category (percentage)
15.3. Agricultural production indices by farm category
15.4. Agricultural production indices by category of farms by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
15.5. Production of main types of agricultural products by farm categories
15.6. Production of main types of agricultural products by farm categories (in percent)
15.7. Sales of basic products by agricultural organizations
15.8. Provision of agricultural organizations with tractors and combines
15.9. Application mineral fertilizers for crops in agricultural organizations
15.10. Application of organic fertilizers for crops in agricultural organizations
15.11. Carrying out work on chemical land reclamation in agricultural organizations
15.12. Energy capacities in agricultural organizations

Crop production
15.13. Sown areas of main agricultural crops in 1906-2015.
15.14. Cultivated area of ​​agricultural crops
15.15. Cultivated area of ​​agricultural crops by farm categories in 2015
15.16. Gross grain harvest
15.17. Gross harvest of crop products
15.18. Gross harvest of main crop products in 1906-2015.
15.19. Crop yield
15.20. Productivity of main crop products in 1906-2015.
15.21. Gross grain harvest (in weight after processing) by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
15.22. Gross harvest of sugar beets by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
15.23. Gross harvest of sunflower seeds (in weight after processing) by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
15.24. Gross potato harvest by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
15.25. Gross harvest of vegetables by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
15.26. Area of ​​fruit, berry, grape and tea plantings
15.27. Gross harvest of fruits, berries, grapes, tea leaves

Livestock
15.28. Livestock population 1883-2015
15.29. Livestock by farm category at the end of 2015
15.30. Livestock by farm category
15.31. Poultry population
15.32. Production of basic livestock products
15.33. Production of livestock and poultry for slaughter and milk in 1917-2015.
15.34. Production of livestock and poultry for slaughter by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
15.35. Milk production by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
15.36. Egg production by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
15.37. Feed consumption in livestock farming
15.38. Livestock and poultry productivity

Food resources and their use
15.39. Resources and uses of grain
15.40. Resources and uses of potatoes
15.41. Resources and use of vegetables and food melons
15.42. Resources and use of meat and meat products
15.43. Resources and use of milk and dairy products
15.44. Resources and use of eggs and egg products

Forestry
15.45. Information about hunting management
15.46. Forest resources
15.47. Conservation and protection of forests
15.48. Key performance indicators of organizations by type of economic activity "Logging"
Methodological notes

16. FISHERIES AND FISH CULTIVATION

16.1. Main performance indicators of organizations by type of economic activity "Fishing, fish farming"
16.2. Extraction (production) of main types of fishery products
16.3. Fishing and extraction of other aquatic biological resources
16.4. Retail sale of fish and seafood
16.5. Consumption of fish and fish products
16.6. Consumption of fish and fish products (based on the results of a sample survey of household budgets)
16.7. Export and import of fish, fish products and seafood to the Russian Federation
16.8. Release of juveniles of aquatic biological resources into water bodies of fishery importance and cultivation of fish seeding material
16.9. Release of juveniles of aquatic biological resources in selected rivers and other water bodies
16.10. Release of juveniles of aquatic biological resources into reservoirs
Methodological notes

17. CONSTRUCTION

Activities of construction organizations
17.1. Scope of work performed by type of economic activity "Construction"
17.2. Scope of work performed by type of economic activity "Construction" by organizations various forms property
17.3. Scope of work performed by type of economic activity "Construction" by organizations of various forms of ownership, by constituent entity of the Russian Federation
17.4. Number of operating construction organizations
17.5. Number of operating construction organizations by type of ownership
17.6. Number of operating construction organizations of various forms of ownership by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
17.7. Investments in fixed capital of organizations engaged in construction activities
17.8. Fixed assets of organizations of the main type of economic activity "Construction"
17.9. Availability and condition of the fleet of main construction machines in construction organizations

Commissioning of individual production facilities, residential buildings, social and cultural facilities
17.10. Commissioning of individual production facilities
17.11. Commissioning of residential buildings
17.12. Commissioning of residential buildings in cities and towns and rural areas
17.13. Commissioning of residential buildings by organizations of various forms of ownership and by the population
17.14. Main characteristics of the constructed apartments
17.15. Residential buildings under construction
17.16. Commissioning of residential buildings in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
17.17. Commissioning of residential buildings built by the population using their own and borrowed funds, by constituent entity of the Russian Federation
17.18. Commissioning of capacities and social and cultural facilities
17.19. Commissioning of the capacities of educational organizations of higher education, professional educational organizations
Methodological notes

18. TRANSPORT

18.1. Results of operation of state-owned railways in 1895-1911
18.2. Results of the operation of private railways in 1895-1911.
18.3. Availability of steam ships in European Russia in 1884
18.4. Key transport indicators

Freight transportation
18.5. Transportation of goods by type of transport
18.6. Loading of individual cargo by rail
18.7. Transportation of individual cargo by water transport for organizations of all types of economic activity
18.8. Transportation of goods in containers and packages by certain types of transport
18.9. Transportation of goods in international traffic by certain types of public transport
18.10. Transportation of goods via main pipelines
18.11. Freight turnover by mode of transport
12.18. Freight turnover in international traffic by certain types of public transport
18.13. Cargo transportation and cargo turnover of industrial railway transport
18.14. Freight turnover of main pipelines
18.15. Transportation of goods by entrepreneurs (individuals) engaged in commercial transportation by road

Passenger Transportation
18.16. Transportation of passengers by types of public transport
18.17. Number of cities with urban electric transport
18.18. Main performance indicators of urban electric transport
18.19. Passenger turnover by types of public transport
18.20. Passenger transportation and passenger turnover of public transport by type of communication in 2015

Transport means and communications
18.21. Availability of vehicles
18.22. Number of public buses per 100,000 population by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
18.23. Fuel consumption by transport organizations
18.24. Consumption of motor gasoline and diesel fuel by motor transport of organizations of all types of economic activity
18.25. Electricity consumption by organizations by type of transport activity
18.26. Length of communication routes
18.27. Communication density
18.28. Intensity of cargo transportation by types of communication routes
18.29. Intensity of passenger traffic by type of communication

Transport accidents
18.30. Number of victims in accidents with vehicles
Methodological notes

19.1. Main indicators of public communications
19.2. Volume of communication services
19.3. Number of fixed and mobile Internet subscribers
19.4. Volume of communication services provided to the population
19.5. Main indicators of the development of public telephone communications and mobile communications
19.6. Number of residential telephone sets of the public network per 1000 population by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
19.7. Number of subscriber devices of mobile radiotelephone (cellular) communications per 1000 population by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
19.8. Availability of technical means of satellite communication and broadcasting
Methodological notes

20. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

20.1. Use of information and communication technologies in organizations
20.2. Use of information and communication technologies in organizations by type of economic activity
20.3. Use of the Internet in organizations by type of economic activity
20.4. Use of information and communication technologies in organizations by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2015.
20.5. Personal computers in organizations
20.6. Use of electronic document management in organizations by type of economic activity
20.7. Use of special software in organizations
20.8. Using the Internet to communicate with suppliers and consumers of goods (works, services) in organizations
20.9. Using the Internet to communicate with suppliers and consumers of goods (works, services) in organizations by type of economic activity
20.10. Distribution of organizational costs for information and communication technologies by type
20.11. Expenditures of organizations on information and communication technologies by type of economic activity in 2015
20.12. Internet access in households
20.13. Use of personal computers and the Internet in households by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
20.14. Use by the public personal computer and the Internet
20.15. Share of the population who used the Internet to receive state and municipal services, by type of service and type of settlement in 2015.
Methodological notes

21. TRADE AND SERVICES TO THE PUBLIC

21.1. Number of economic entities of trade by type of economic activity
21.2. Key performance indicators of trade organizations
21.3. Turnover of trade organizations
21.4. Key performance indicators of public catering organizations
21.5. Costs of production and sale of products (goods, works, services) of trade organizations and Catering

Retail
21.6. Retail trade turnover
21.7. Retail trade turnover by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
21.8. Retail trade turnover by forms of trade
21.9. Retail trade turnover by type of business entity
21.10. Number of retail markets and trading places on them
21.11. Number of retail fairs held and retail locations at them
21.12. Information on the number of fairs in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for 2015.
21.13. Retail trade turnover per capita
21.14. Retail trade turnover food products, including drinks, and tobacco products per capita
21.15. Retail trade turnover of non-food products per capita
21.16. Indices of physical volume of retail trade turnover
21.17. Retail trade turnover per capita by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
21.18. Indices of physical volume of retail trade turnover by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
21.19. Turnover of retail trade organizations by type of ownership
21.20. Share of retail trade turnover of basic goods in retail trade turnover
21.21. Indices of physical volume of retail sales of individual goods
21.22. Indices of physical volume of retail sales of individual goods (compared to the previous year)
21.23. Sales of selected consumer goods
21.24. Sales to the public alcoholic drinks, cigarettes and cigarettes
21.25. Share of imports of individual food products in their commodity resources
21.26. Retail trade resources
21.27. The quality of domestic and imported goods entering the consumer market
21.28. Quality of goods supplied to retail markets in 2015
21.29. Public catering turnover
21.30. Public catering turnover per capita
21.31. Public catering turnover by type of business entity

Wholesale
21.32. Wholesale trade turnover
21.33. Wholesale trade turnover by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
21.34. Inventories in wholesale trade organizations of certain types of products (goods)
21.35. Main performance indicators of exchanges

Services
21.36. Volume of paid services to the population
21.37. Volume of paid services to the population by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
21.38. Indices of the physical volume of paid services to the population by type
21.39. Indices of the physical volume of paid services to the population by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
21.40. Distribution of paid services to the population by type
21.41. Volume of paid services per capita by type
21.42. Volume of household services to the population
21.43. Indices of physical volume of household services to the population by type
21.44. Distribution of household services to the population by type
21.45. Volume of household services per capita by type
Methodological notes

22. SCIENCE AND INNOVATION

Organizations that carried out research and development
22.1. Number of organizations carrying out research and development
22.2. Number of organizations performing research and development, by sector of activity
22.3. Number of researchers and costs of research and development related to nanotechnology
22.4. Number of organizations performing research and development, by constituent entity of the Russian Federation

Science personnel
22.5. Number of personnel engaged in research and development
22.6. Number of personnel engaged in research and development by sector of activity
22.7. Number of researchers by field of science
22.8. Number of researchers by age group
22.9. Number of personnel engaged in research and development, by constituent entity of the Russian Federation

Training of scientific personnel
22.10. Main performance indicators of graduate school
22.11. Admission to graduate school in areas of training
22.12. Graduation from graduate school by branches of science
22.13. Graduation from graduate school with the defense of a dissertation in branches of science
22.14. Number of postgraduate students by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
22.15. Key performance indicators of doctoral studies
22.16. Number, admission and graduation of doctoral students by branches of science in 2015.

Science funding
22.17. Funding of science from the federal budget
22.18. Internal research and development costs
22.19. Internal R&D costs by funding source
22.20. Internal R&D costs by sector of activity
22.21. Internal R&D costs by cost type
22.22. Internal costs for research and development in priority areas of development of science, technology and engineering by funding sources
22.23. Internal research and development costs for socio-economic purposes
22.24. Internal current costs of research and development by type of work and field of science

Research and Development Productivity
22.25. Receipt of patent applications and issuance of patents in Russia
22.26. Use of protected results of intellectual activity in Russia
22.27. Developed advanced production technologies by degree of novelty in 2000, 2010-2012.
22.28. Developed advanced production technologies by degree of novelty in 2013-2015.
22.29. Advanced production technologies used in 2000 by duration of their implementation
22.30. Advanced production technologies used in 2010 by duration of their implementation period
22.31. Advanced production technologies used in 2011-2012 by the duration of their implementation period
22.32. Advanced production technologies used in 2013-2015 by the duration of their implementation period
22.33. Trade of technologies with foreign countries by objects of transactions in 2015
22.34. Trade in technologies with foreign countries by sector of activity in 2015
22.35. Trade in technologies with foreign countries by type of ownership of organizations in 2015
22.36. Trade in technologies with foreign countries by type of economic activity of organizations in 2015
22.37. Trade in technologies with foreign countries by areas of destination of the subject of the agreement in 2015
22.38. Trade of technologies with foreign countries in 2015

Technological, organizational and marketing innovations
22.39. Key indicators of innovation activity
22.40. Innovative activity of organizations by type of economic activity
22.41. Organizations that carried out organizational and marketing innovations, by type of economic activity
22.42. Costs of technological innovations of organizations by type of innovation and economic activity in 2013-2014.
22.43. Costs of technological innovations of organizations by type of innovation and economic activity in 2015
22.44. Costs of technological innovations of organizations by funding sources
22.45. Volume of innovative goods, works and services of organizations by type of economic activity
22.46. Special expenses of organizations associated with environmental innovations
Methodological notes

23. FINANCE

Public finance
23.1. State budget of the RSFSR in 1918-1991.
23.2. Revenues and expenses of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation
23.3. Consolidated budget of the Russian Federation in 2000.
23.4. Consolidated budget of the Russian Federation in 2010-2015.
23.5. Distribution of income and expenses of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation by level of the budget system in 2000.
23.6. Distribution of income and expenses of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation by level of the budget system in 2010-2015.
23.7. Expenditures of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation on social and cultural events in 2015
23.8. Execution of the expenditure part of the federal budget of the Russian Federation in 2015.
23.9. Sources of financing the federal budget deficit of the Russian Federation in 2000.
23.10. Sources of financing the federal budget deficit of the Russian Federation in 2010-2015.
23.11. Volume of funds Reserve Fund and the National Welfare Fund
23.12. State external debt of the Russian Federation
23.13. Debt on tax payments to the consolidated and federal budgets of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2001.
23.14. Debt on taxes and fees to the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation
23.15. Single debt social tax, insurance contributions for compulsory pension insurance and payments to state extra-budgetary funds
23.16. Receipt and expenditure of funds Pension Fund Russian Federation
23.17. Receipt and expenditure of funds from the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation
23.18. Receipt and expenditure of funds from the Federal Compulsory Health Insurance Fund
23.19. Receipt and expenditure of funds from territorial compulsory health insurance funds

Monetary system
23.20. Money turnover
23.21. External debt of the Russian Federation
23.22. Loans, deposits and other placed funds provided to organizations, individuals and credit institutions
23.23. Number of credit institutions
23.24. Grouping of operating credit institutions by size of registered authorized capital
23.25. Investments of credit institutions in securities
23.26. Deposits, loans and other funds raised by credit institutions
23.27. Investments (deposits) of legal and individuals in rubles and foreign currency, attracted by credit institutions, by constituent entity of the Russian Federation
23.28. Deposits of individuals in credit institutions
23.29. Amount of deposits of individuals in ruble and foreign currency accounts in credit institutions per capita by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
23.30. Purchase and sale of foreign currency by citizens through credit organizations in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
23.31. Official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble

Stocks and bods market
23.32. Key indicators of the government securities market (GKO-OFZ)

Activities of insurers
23.33. Key performance indicators of insurers
23.34. Key performance indicators of medical insurance organizations in terms of compulsory medical insurance (CHI)
23.35. Insurance premiums (contributions) and payments by type of insurance in 2000
23.36. Insurance premiums (contributions) and payments by type of insurance

Financial results and operational efficiency
23.37. Balanced financial result (profit minus loss) of the activities of organizations by type of economic activity
23.38. Financial results of the activities of organizations in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2015.
23.39. Share of unprofitable organizations and amount of loss by type of economic activity
23.40. Share of profitable and unprofitable organizations by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
23.41. Costs of production and sale of products (goods, works, services) by type of economic activity
23.42. Profitability of sold goods, products (works, services) by type of economic activity
23.43. Return on assets of organizations by type of economic activity

Status of mutual settlements in organizations by type of economic activity
23.44. Total debt on obligations of organizations by type of economic activity in 2015
23.45. Debt of organizations to suppliers for payments to the budget and state extra-budgetary funds by type of economic activity in 2015
23.46. Accounts receivable of organizations by type of economic activity in 2015
23.47. Overdue wages for employees of organizations by type of economic activity in 2015
23.48. Overdue wages for employees of organizations by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2015
23.49. Debt of CIS countries organizations to Russian organizations in 2015
23.50. Total debt on obligations of Russian organizations to organizations of CIS countries in 2015
Methodological notes

24. INVESTMENTS

Investments in non-financial assets
24.1. Investments in non-financial assets
24.2. Investments in fixed capital
24.3. Investments in fixed assets by type of fixed assets
24.4. Investments in fixed assets by type of ownership
24.5. Investments in fixed capital by sources of financing
24.6. Investments in fixed assets by type of economic activity
24.7. Indices of physical volume of investment in fixed capital by type of economic activity
24.8. Investments in fixed assets by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
24.9. Indices of physical volume of investments in fixed capital by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
24.10. Investments in fixed capital by type of economic activity by constituent entity of the Russian Federation in 2015
24.11. Investments in fixed capital of organizations with foreign capital participation by type of economic activity
24.12. Investments in fixed capital of organizations with foreign capital participation by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
24.13. Distribution of organizations by assessing the goals of investing in fixed assets
24.14. Distribution of organizations according to the assessment of factors limiting investment activity
24.15. Cost of financial leasing agreements concluded by organizations operating in the field of financial leasing
24.16. Factors negatively affecting the activities of organizations in the field of financial leasing

Foreign investment
24.17. Direct foreign investment in the Russian economy by major investor countries
24.18. Direct investment from Russia into the economies of the largest recipients of direct investment

Financial investments
24.19. Financial investments of organizations by main types of economic activity
Methodological notes

25. PRICES AND TARIFFS

25.1. Consumer price and producer price indices
25.2. Consumer price indices by constituent entities of the Russian Federation

Consumer price indices and average consumer prices for goods and services
25.3. Consumer price indices (tariffs) for goods and services
25.4. Consumer price indices for certain groups of food products
25.5. Consumer price indices for certain groups of non-food products
25.6. Consumer price indices (tariffs) for certain groups of services
25.7. Consumer price indices for 10 percent population groups
25.8. Average consumer prices for certain types of food products
25.9. Average consumer prices for certain types of non-food products
25.10. Average consumer prices (tariffs) for certain types of services
25.11. Cost of living index for individual cities of the Russian Federation
25.12. Cost of a fixed set of consumer goods and services for interregional comparisons of purchasing power of the population

Price indices and average prices in the housing market
25.13. Price indices in the primary and secondary housing markets by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
25.14. Average prices in the primary and secondary housing markets by constituent entities of the Russian Federation

Price indices and average producer prices
25.15. Producer price indices by type of economic activity
25.16. Producer price indices for certain types of industrial goods
25.17. Average producer prices and purchases for main types of energy resources
25.18. Ratio of average producer prices for main types of energy resources with the price of oil
25.19. Price indices for purchased industrial organizations main types of fuel and energy resources
25.20. Price indices for individual types of grain purchased by industrial organizations for main production
25.21. Average prices for individual types of grain purchased by industrial organizations for main production
25.22. Agricultural producer price indices
25.23. Average prices of agricultural producers
25.24. Price indices for products (costs, services) for investment purposes
25.25. Price indices for products (costs, services) for investment purposes by type of economic activity
25.26. Tariff indices for freight transportation by main modes of transport
25.27. Tariff indices for communication services for legal entities
25.28. Average tariffs for communication services for legal entities
Methodological notes

26. FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

Balance of payments of the Russian Federation
26.1. Balance of payments of the Russian Federation (main aggregates)

Foreign trade in goods
26.2. Export, import of Russia in 1824-1850.
26.3. Foreign trade of the Russian Federation
26.4. Trade balance of the Russian Federation
26.5. Export and import of the Russian Federation
26.6. Foreign trade of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation with the CIS countries
26.7. Foreign trade of constituent entities of the Russian Federation with foreign countries
26.8. Foreign trade of the Russian Federation with the CIS countries
26.9. Share of partner countries in exports and imports of the Russian Federation
26.10. Foreign trade of the Russian Federation with foreign countries
26.11. Commodity structure of exports of the Russian Federation
26.12. Commodity structure of exports of the Russian Federation to the CIS countries
26.13. Commodity structure of Russian Federation exports to non-CIS countries
26.14. Commodity structure of imports of the Russian Federation
26.15. Commodity structure of Russian Federation imports from CIS countries
26.16. Commodity structure of Russian Federation imports from non-CIS countries
26.17. Share of consumer, intermediate and investment goods in the total volume of imports of the Russian Federation
26.18. Export and import of high-tech products to the Russian Federation
26.19. Export of the Russian Federation to the EAEU member states
26.20. Imports of the Russian Federation from EAEU member states
26.21. Export of basic goods to the Russian Federation
26.22. Import of basic goods to the Russian Federation
26.23. Distribution of exports of main goods of the Russian Federation by CIS countries
26.24. Distribution of imports of basic goods of the Russian Federation by CIS countries

Foreign trade in services
26.25. Export and import of services from the Russian Federation
26.26. Structure of export and import of services of the Russian Federation
26.27. Export of services from the Russian Federation by main types
26.28. Export of services of the Russian Federation by main types to the CIS countries
26.29. Export of services of the Russian Federation by main types to non-CIS countries
26.30. Import of services from the Russian Federation by main types
26.31. Import of services of the Russian Federation by main types from the CIS countries
26.32. Import of services of the Russian Federation by main types from non-CIS countries
26.33. Foreign trade in services of the Russian Federation by main partner countries

Foreign trade prices
26.34. Indices of average prices and physical volume of exports of the Russian Federation
26.35. Indices of average prices and physical volume of exports of the Russian Federation to the CIS countries
26.36. Indices of average prices and physical volume of exports of the Russian Federation to non-CIS countries
26.37. Average actual export prices for major commodities
26.38. Average actual export prices for main goods in trade with CIS countries
26.39. Average actual export prices for main goods in trade with non-CIS countries
26.40. Indices of average prices and physical volume of imports of the Russian Federation
26.41. Indices of average prices and physical volume of imports of the Russian Federation from CIS countries
26.42. Indices of average prices and physical volume of imports of the Russian Federation from non-CIS countries
26.43. Average actual import prices for major goods
26.44. Average actual import prices for main goods in trade with CIS countries
26.45. Average actual import prices for basic goods in trade with non-CIS countries
26.46. Changes in average actual export prices of the Russian Federation and world prices for individual goods in 2015
26.47. Average actual export prices of the Russian Federation and world prices for individual goods in 2015
26.48. Changes in prices for individual goods on world commodity markets
Methodological notes

27. INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS

27.1. Population
27.2. Number of men and women
27.3. Population distribution by age groups
27.4. Life expectancy at birth
27.5. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth rates
27.6. Total fertility rate
27.7. Population mortality by causes of death
27.8. Infant mortality rate
27.9. Maternal mortality
27.10. Average annual number of employees
27.11. Number of employees in Russia and some foreign countries by type of economic activity
27.12. Total number of unemployed
27.13. Share of the total number of unemployed in the labor force
27.14. Average monthly nominal wages of employees
27.15. Growth rate of real wages of workers
27.16.Food consumption
27.17. Average daily consumption of kilocalories, proteins and fats per capita
27.18. Number of students
27.19. Some indicators characterizing public health protection
27.20. Issue of daily newspapers
27.21. Availability of durable consumer goods
27.22. Use of daily time fund by the population of individual countries
27.23. Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate
27.24. Growth rate of gross fixed capital formation
27.25. Growth rate of household final consumption expenditures
27.26. Gross domestic product at purchasing power parity based on international comparisons for 2011
27.27. Indices of physical volume of the main components of gross domestic product per capita for 2011.
27.28. Gross domestic product purchasing power parities and exchange rates for 2011
27.29. Purchasing power parities of the main components of gross domestic product for 2011
27.30. Comparable price level for the main components of gross domestic product for 2011
27.31. Estimation of Russia's gross domestic product based on international comparisons
27.32. Industrial production indices
27.33. Production of the most important types of industrial products in 2014
27.34. Production of certain types of agricultural products and food in 2014
27.35. The place occupied by Russia in the world in the production of certain types of industrial and agricultural products in 2014.
27.36. Agricultural production indices
27.37. Area of ​​grain and leguminous crops in 2014
27.38. Crop yield
27.39. Livestock and poultry
27.40. Number of apartments built
27.41. Freight turnover of railway transport
27.42. Share of individual types of transport in total freight turnover
27.43. Passenger turnover of railway transport
27.44. Indices of physical volume of retail trade turnover
27.45. Income and expenses of the consolidated budget
27.46. Reserve assets of monetary authorities (excluding monetary gold)
27.47. Reserves of monetary gold of monetary authorities
27.48. Dynamics of foreign currency exchange rates against the Russian ruble
27.49. Amount of cash in circulation (Mo)
27.50. Interest rates on loans and deposits
27.51. Consumer price indices
27.52. Export and import of goods
27.53. Share of individual countries in world exports and imports of goods
Methodological notes

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1

No. 3 [Russian Foreign Economic Bulletin, 2006]

The magazine, established by the All-Russian Academy of Foreign Trade in 1996, is an authoritative scientific, analytical, educational and methodological monthly publication in the field of foreign economic activity. The pages of the magazine touch on current problems of the world economy and international relations, discuss the most important issues for the state of Russia's export-import policy, increasing its competitiveness in various commodity markets. Among the authors of articles published in the journal are well-known scientists and highly competent specialists from many sectors of the economy of various regions and cities of Russia. The magazine actually became the center of attraction for foreign economic ideas throughout the country.

Article 11.<...>Article 13.<...>Article 15.<...>Article 16.<...>Article 19.

2

Population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the 1970-1990s. Reproduction, resettlement monograph

Sib. federal university

The monograph examines the problems of the emergence and development of the depopulation process in Russia and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. For the first time, an attempt has been made to comprehensively study the demographic history of the Krasnoyarsk Territory from 1970 to the beginning of the 21st century. The relationships between the economic and demographic development of the region during the period of the two Krasnoyarsk decades (1971–1990) and the liberal reforms of the 1990s have been identified.

.: stat. yearbook. Krasnoyarsk, 1994; On demographic processes in the Krasnoyarsk Territory: stat. Sat.<...>.: short stat. Sat.<...>., 2009; Krasnoyarsk regional statistical yearbook. 2010: stat. Sat.<...>., 2010; Krasnoyarsk regional statistical yearbook. 2011: stat. Sat.<...>Krasnoyarsk: stat. Sat. Krasnoyarsk, 1990.

3

The work analyzed the dynamics of financial and real investments in the Russian economy, identified their relationship, including in the context of the main types of activities and industries, and identified the causes of the imbalance. The problems of the stock market and bank lending are considered Special attention focuses on the issue of state participation in the investment process.

<...>: Russian statistical yearbook. 2004: stat.sb.<...>Russian statistical yearbook.2011:stat.sb.<...>: Russian statistical yearbook. 2011: stat.sb.<...>Russia in numbers. 2003: short. stat Sat. / Rosstat. M., 2003.

4

Industry and entrepreneurship of the Chuvash Republic from the 18th century to 1997 scientific and auxiliary literature index

National Library of the Chuvash Republic

This bibliographic index is the first experience of a systematic publication on industry and entrepreneurship in Chuvashia. It includes sources reflecting the history of industry from the 18th century. before January 1, 1998, published on the territory of Russia and the modern Chuvash Republic. The starting date is determined by the fact that the 18th century. - this is the time of the first publications on the topic, the final one is the time of completion of the selection of material.

National economy of the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Stat. Sat. /Stat. ex. Chuvash. ASSR.<...>Chuvashia for 70 years: Stat. Sat. / State Statistics Committee of the RSFSR, Chuvash, rep. ex. stat<...>Chuvashia for 50 years: Stat. Sat. / Central Statistics Service of the RSFSR, Stat. ex. Chuvash. ASSR.<...>.: Stat.sb / Goskomstat of the Russian Federation, Chuvash, rep. ex. stat<...>. Sat. 293 Chuvashia for 50 years: Stat. Sat. 295 Chuvashia for 40 years in numbers: Stat. Sat. 297 Chuvashia in 15 years

5

To achieve sustainable development of rural areas, an important tool is monitoring the level of social economic development municipal districts of rural areas, which, as a control tool, is an integral part of the management cycle. The functional feature of monitoring is to provide “feedback”: the ability to identify the needs of the control object, assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the selected methods and tools for influencing it on the part of the subject. Monitoring will help choose the right directions for the development of municipal areas that can bring rural areas to a new level of development.

Environmental protection in the Omsk region: Stat. Sat. / Omskstat. – Omsk, 2015. – 69 p. 14.<...>Environmental protection in the Omsk region: Stat. Sat. / Omskstat. – Omsk, 2014. – 73 p. 15.<...>Environmental protection in the Omsk region: Stat. Sat. / Omskstat. – Omsk, 2013. – 74 p. 16.<...>Environmental protection in the Omsk region: Stat. Sat. / Omskstat. – Omsk, 2012. – 65 p. 17.<...>Environmental protection in the Omsk region: Stat. Sat. / Omskstat. – Omsk, 2011. – 64 p.

6

The article reveals the national characteristics of the farmers' movement in Russia. Over the years of economic reform, a farming way of life has been formed in the country. The emergence of the farming sector comes with significant economic and social difficulties. A negative trend in the development of the farming sector of the economy is the imbalance in the crop-livestock ratio, which is 80:20%, instead of the scientifically based 50:50%, which ensures the necessary application of organic fertilizers to the soil. The number of the main “producers” of organic fertilizers – cattle – in the country has decreased by 2.7 times. The removal of nutrients from the soil without replenishment with organic fertilizers leads to land degradation. The development of livestock farming is becoming the main strategic objective of the farming sector of the economy

Sat. / Rosstat. – M., 2006. – P. 400; Russian statistical yearbook. 2008: stat. Sat. / Rosstat<...>. – M., 2008. – P. 437; Russian statistical yearbook. 2009: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. – M., 2009. –<...>. Sat. / Rosstat. – M., 2006. – P. 406; Russian statistical yearbook. 2009: stat. Sat. / Rosstat<...>Russian statistical yearbook. 2006: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. – M., 2006. – 852 p. eleven.<...>Russian statistical yearbook. 2008: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. – M., 2008. – 847 p. 12.

7

SOCIAL POTENTIAL OF THE REGION AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NORTHERN TERRITORIES

The monograph examines theoretical, methodological and practical issues of realizing social potential in the development of northern territories. A functional model of the region's social potential has been developed. Technologies for reproducing the social potential of the region are proposed.

Stat. Sat. Arhoblaststat. Arkhangelsk. 2000. P.75.; Regions of Russia: Stat.sb. In 2 volumes.<...>Stat.sb. M. Rosstat 2006, pp. 20,21; Regions of Russia. Stat.sb.<...>Stat.sb. M. Rosstat 2006, pp. 24,25; Regions of Russia. Stat.sb.<...>Stat.sb. / Rosstat.<...>Stat. Sat. Arkhangelsk, 2005. P. 45; Arkhangelsk region - 60 years. Stat. Sat.

8

Despite the apparent prosperity of formal macroeconomic indicators, Russia's development in recent years has encountered serious barriers that arose as a result of its economic policy. The competitiveness of the Russian economy continues to decline rapidly. One of the reasons for this is that hundreds of billions of dollars of excess profits received from the export of natural resources were not used effectively enough for its modernization. The editors of the journal publish excerpts from the report of Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, scientific director of the National Institute of Development S.Yu. Glazyev, made on scientific-practical conference“Strategy for the socio-economic development of Russia in the context of globalization”, dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the National Development Institute of the Branch social sciences Russian Academy of Sciences.

.: Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M., 2003.<...>.: Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M., 2005.<...>Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M., 2006.<...>Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M., 2005.<...>Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M., 2005. P. 375; Finance of Russia. 2004. Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M., 2004.

9

Press Agency LLC

Tutorial includes theoretical material with the latest statistical data for the course “Economic and Social Geography of Russia”. The structure of the manual displays general and regional sections. Sections I – III discuss issues of natural resource potential, population and intersectoral complexes of the Russian economy. Author of sections N.A. Ivanishcheva. Section IV presents the economic and geographical characteristics of 11 economic regions of Russia. Author of the section A.V. Yakushev. The content of the manual successfully integrates modern geographical information with statistical information and comparative analysis Russia with the countries of the world. The manual is intended for students in the following areas of training: 44.03.01 Pedagogical education, profile Geography and 44.03.05 Pedagogical education (with two profiles of training), profiles Biology and Geography, Geography and Economics, Geography and Foreign Language. It can be used by geography teachers when conducting lessons and monitoring learning outcomes, extracurricular activities with a geographic focus and preparing students for passing the OGE and Unified State Exam. Recommended for publication at a meeting of the Department of Geography and MPGD, protocol No. 1 of September 20, 2018. Agreed with the educational and methodological commission of the Institute of Natural Sciences and Economics.

<...>. Sat. – M.: Rosstat, 2011; Russian statistical yearbook. 2017: stat. Sat. – M.: Rosstat, 2017.<...>. Sat. – M.: Rosstat, 2017.  P. 19; Russia in numbers. 2018: stat. Sat. – M.: Rosstat, 2018. – P. 89.<...>. Sat. – M.: Rosstat, 1994, 2013, 2017; Russia in numbers. 2018: times stat Sat. – M.: Rosstat, 2018. –<...>Russia in numbers. 2018: stat. Sat. – M.: Rosstat, 2018. 11.

10

The article, using materials from Western Siberia, analyzes the causes, dynamics and consequences of the agrarian crisis of the early 1980s, as well as the activities of government agencies to overcome its consequences. It is shown that the catalyst for the agrarian crisis was a severe drought in the south of Western Siberia. The Food Program adopted by the May (1982) plenum of the CPSU Central Committee was aimed at solving the aggravated food problem. With the beginning of its implementation, the situation in the agricultural sector of the economy of Western Siberia has stabilized.

pp. 25, 29. 7 National economy of the Novosibirsk region for 1981–1985: statistics. Sat.<...>New bodies were created 8 National economy of the Tomsk region for 1981–1985: statistics. Sat.<...>P. 23. 9 National economy of the Omsk region in the eleventh five-year plan: statistics. Sat. Omsk. 1986.<...>L. 10, 1; Tyumen region in numbers (1981–1987): stat. Sat. Sverdlovsk, 1987.<...>pp. 36, 43. 15 Omsk region for 50 years (figures and facts): stat. Sat. Omsk, 1985. pp. 123–127.

11

The article analyzes the results of the development of industry in the Chechen Republic for 2006–2016, defines the strategy for the development of regional enterprises and territorial entities, outlines the theoretical basis for the existence of territorial entities, and displays the functioning of industrial enterprises of the Chechen Republic, which predominantly remain state-owned enterprises and have, as in Soviet times, subordinate affiliation. Industrial development in the Chechen Republic in the period 2006–2016. demonstrates the low efficiency of the existing economy of state entrepreneurship. Indicators of financial and economic activity of industrial enterprises demonstrate that large-scale deindustrialization of the Chechen Republic has occurred. It is impossible to create an effective industry without complying with the basic requirements of a market economy and comprehensively improving the investment climate in the republic

Socio-economic indicators: Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. – M., 2016.<...> <...>Socio-economic indicators 2015: Stat. Sat./Rosstat. - M., 2015.<...>Socio-economic indicators 2015: Stat. Sat./Rosstat. - M., 2016.<...>Socio-economic indicators. 2016: Stat. Sat.

12

Theoretical foundations of professional and communicative training of a future teacher in a pedagogical university

M.: PROMEDIA

Sat. teach, articles: The problem of superphrasal unities. Ufa, 1982 1 pp. 13.<...>Sat. teach, articles: Teaching speaking and reading in high school. L., 1984 0.5 pp. 14.<...>Sat. teach, articles: Professionally oriented foreign language teaching at a pedagogical university.<...>Sat. teach, articles: Functional-content approach to teaching foreign languages. <...>Sat. teach, articles: ZYaa Ipvshzp "sa, St. Petersburg, 1998 1.2 p.l 24.

13

Geography of Russia: general and regional overview textbook

Press Agency LLC

The textbook includes theoretical material with the latest statistical data for the course “Geography of Russia”. The structure of the manual displays general and regional sections. Sections I – III discuss issues of natural resource potential, population and inter-industry complexes of the Russian economy. Author of sections N.A. Ivanishcheva. Section IV presents the economic and geographical characteristics of 11 economic regions of Russia. Author of the section A.V. Yakushev. The content of the manual successfully integrates modern geographical information with statistical information and a comparative analysis of Russia with countries around the world. The manual is intended to help masters and teachers of geography in conducting lessons and monitoring learning outcomes, extracurricular activities with a geographic focus and preparing students for the Unified State Exam and Unified State Exam.

<...> <...>Russia in numbers. 2016: short. stat Sat. – M.: Rosstat, 2016.<...>Russia in numbers. 2016: stat. Sat. – M.: Rosstat, 2016. 11.<...>.: stat. Sat. – M.: Rosstat, 2016. – 379 p.

14

Geography of Russia: population, economy and economic regions A textbook for masters and teachers of geography

Press Agency LLC

The textbook includes theoretical material with the latest statistical data for the course “Geography of Russia”. The structure of the manual displays general and regional sections. Sections I – III discuss issues of natural resource potential, population and inter-industry complexes of the Russian economy. Author of sections N.A. Ivanishcheva. Section IV presents the economic and geographical characteristics of 11 economic regions of Russia. Author of the section A.V. Yakushev. The content of the manual successfully integrates modern geographical information with statistical information and a comparative analysis of Russia with countries around the world. The manual is intended to help masters and teachers of geography in conducting lessons and monitoring learning outcomes, extracurricular activities with a geographic focus and preparing students for the Unified State Exam and Unified State Exam. Recommended for publication at a meeting of the Department of Geography and MPGD, protocol No. 2 of 10.27.2016. Agreed with the educational and methodological commission of the Institute of Natural Sciences and Economics on 11.01.2016.

Source: Russia in numbers. 2016: times stat Sat. M.: Rosstat, 2016.<...>Socio-economic indicators. 2015: stat. Sat. M.: Rosstat, 2015.<...>Source: Russia and countries of the world. 2014: stat. Sat. M.: Rosstat, 2014. Table. 23.<...>Russia in numbers. 2016: stat. Sat. – M.: Rosstat, 2015. 10.<...>.: stat. Sat. – M.: Rosstat, 2014. 11.

15

The article identifies the problem of developing a bank's strategic management system, formulates a definition of the main elements of this system and their relationship, and also substantiates the role and place of complex socio-economic indicators in the strategic management of the bank's activities.

Socio-economic indicators. 2004: Stat. Sat. /Rosstat. - M., 2004; Regions of Russia.<...>. - 2005; Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M., 2005; Regions of Russia.<...>Socio-economic indicators. 2006: Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M., 2006. - [El. resources]. - Access mode<...>Socio-economic indicators. 2004: Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M., 2004; Regions of Russia.<...>. - 2005; Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M., 2005; Regions of Russia.

16

The article reveals the relevance of the study of the problem of formation, implementation and development of the managerial potential of women managers in higher educational institutions, analyzed statistical data, determined the purpose and main direction of the study

Russia in numbers. 2013: short. stat Sat. / Rosstat. – M., 2013. – 573 p. 2.<...>Russian statistical yearbook: 2012: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. – M., 2012. – 786 p. 3.<...>Russian science in numbers: 2011: stat. Sat. – M.: CISN, 2011. 4.<...>Women and men of Russia. 2006: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. – M., 2007. – 255 p. 6.<...>Women and men of Russia. 2010: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. – M., 2010. – 283 p. 7.

17

The subject of the study is the municipalities of the Arctic, which have their own specific functioning and development in comparison with the southern regions of the Arctic states. The purpose of the work was to identify problem areas in the development of the Arctic regions that affect the socio-economic situation of Arctic municipalities, prospects and directions for their development. The theoretical and methodological basis was formed by the works of domestic and foreign scientists devoted to the issues of regulating and stimulating the socio-economic development of regions and municipalities of the Arctic. The study is based on an integrated approach to studying the functioning and development of municipalities in the specific conditions of the Arctic, as well as general and special factors in the development of these processes in the Russian Arctic, taking into account foreign research on the issue. An analysis of the main indicators characterizing the socio-economic situation of the Arctic territories showed that all Arctic territories are characterized by a number of common problems in the development of municipalities, and the main forces government regulation should be aimed at addressing issues of human development, social and transport infrastructure, small business and special government support for the Arctic territories. Public policy to minimize negative processes and factors in the functioning of municipalities in the Russian Arctic should be built taking into account foreign experience in resolving such issues. The results of the study can be used by authorities and management in developing budget, tax, investment policies, and in forming programs and plans aimed at the socio-economic development of the Arctic territories.

.; Demographic Yearbook of Russia. 2017: Stat. Sat./Rosstat.<...>Socio-economic indicators. 2018: Stat. Sat. / Rosstat.<...> <...>Socio-economic indicators. 2018: Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. M., 2018. 1162 p.<...>Source: Demographic Yearbook of Russia. 2017: Stat. Sat./Rosstat.

18

Analysis of the transformation of the role of the domestic timber industry complex in the period 1945-2000. carried out on the basis of data obtained from official Soviet and Russian statistics. Based on the basic parameters of development, the author comes to the conclusion that during the period under review the position of peripherality was formed and consolidated in the state’s perception of the timber industry complex, the influence of which was strengthened by the completion life cycle the oldest sub-industry of the timber industry - the logging industry.

pp. 349-350. 35 Industry of Russia: Stat. Sat. / Goskomstat of Russia. M., 2000. P. 34.<...>P. 161. 38 Industry of Russia: Stat. Sat. pp. 128-129. 39 Ibid. P. 143.<...>P. 369. 44 Industry of Russia: Stat. Sat. pp. 22-23.<...>Stat. Sat. / State Statistics Committee of the USSR. M., 1988.<...>Industry of Russia: Stat. Sat. / Goskomstat of Russia. M., 2000.

19

The main export-import operations of the Sakhalin region with the Korean states are considered. The activity of the South Korean side in developing diverse contacts with Sakhalin enterprises is noted; the investment activity of the South Korean side was analyzed; indicates the limited nature of economic contacts between the DPRK and the Sakhalin region; It is shown that in the future it is possible to intensify economic ties between Sakhalin, the Republic of Korea and the DPRK.

USA 13.0 Sources: Foreign trade and services of the Sakhalin region in 2009, 2010–2013: stat. Sat.<...>. Sat.<...>. Sat.<...>P. 248; Sakhalin region in numbers (2009–2013): stat. Sat. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 2014. P. 246.<...>. Sat.

20

History of culture of Bashkortostan (Set of scientific and educational materials). Vol. 14. Activities of club institutions in Bashkortostan (1985-2005) studies. allowance for the field of study 100200.62 Tourism

For the first time, based on extensive factual material, the textbook comprehensively examines the activities of club institutions in Bashkortostan in the context of renewal public life(1985–2005). The operating conditions of these organizations and their relationship with the content of club work are characterized. The process of creating a regional regulatory framework for the activities of club institutions, a new system for their financing and management, and modernization of personnel training is revealed. For the first time, the change of priorities in the development of various directions and forms of club work, genres of amateur art in Bashkortostan at the turn of the 20th–21st centuries is analyzed.

Ufa, 2000; Russia in numbers. 2003: Brief stat. Sat. / Goskomstat of Russia.<...>Stat. Sat. Ufa, 1989. P. 241. 74 Ibid.<...>Results 2001: Stat. Sat. Ufa, 2002.<...>Results of 2001: Stat. Sat. Ufa, 2002.<...>. Sat. / Goskomstat of Russia. – M., 2003. – 398 p. 3.52.Russia in numbers. 2004: Brief stat. Sat. / Federal

21

The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of ensuring the country's food security, identifies problematic sectors of the Russian agro-industrial complex and the main directions and activities that contribute to solving food security problems

Yearbook. 2013: Stat.sb./Rosstat. – M., 2013. – P. 686; c) excluding domestic consumption in agriculture<...>(Russian statistical yearbook. 2013: Stat.sb./Rosstat. - M., 2013. - P. 686).<...>. yearbook. 2013: Stat.sb./Rosstat. – M., 2013. – P. 397.<...>. yearbook. 2013: Stat.sb./Rosstat. – M., 2013. – P. 401.<...>There has been a tendency towards an increase in the number of se10 Russia in numbers. 2012: Krat. stat Sat./Rosstat. – M

22

The article discusses the problems of air transport in Russia. An analysis of the transportation of passengers and cargo by air and other modes of transport for 1990-2011 is given. Attention is focused on issues of global competition, increasing labor productivity, improving assessment

Moscow MODERN NATIONAL PROBLEMS OF AIR TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT The article discusses the problems<...>. Sat./Rosstat – M., 2012, p. 302; Russian statistical yearbook: Stat. Sat. / Goskomstat of Russia<...>. Sat./Rosstat – M., 2012, p. 300; Russian statistical yearbook: Stat. Sat. / Goskomstat of Russia<...>Russian statistical yearbook: Stat. Sat./Goskomstat of Russia. – M.: Logos, 1996. – 1202 p. 14.<...>Russia in numbers. 2012: Krat. stat Sat./Rosstat – M., 2012. – 573 p. 15. Rubvalter D.A.

23

Russia is still in the harsh conditions of transition from one socio-economic system to another, and, apparently, it will not end tomorrow. Moreover, this is a transition to “normality”, which did not exist. Nevertheless, the chances of the country moving towards civil society, pluralistic democracy and a social market economy - despite all the delays and even setbacks that seem to be taking place today - remain. The main thing is to be able to learn from the past and not make new mistakes.

Russian statistical yearbook: stat. Sat. – M.: Goskomstat of Russia, 2000. 6.<...>Russian statistical yearbook: stat. Sat. – M.: Goskomstat of Russia, 2002. 7.<...>Russia in numbers: times. stat Sat. – M.: Rosstat, 2005. 10. Russia in numbers: brief. stat Sat. – M.<...>Russia in numbers: times. stat Sat. – M.: Rosstat, 2011. 12.<...>Russia in numbers: times. stat Sat. – M.: Rosstat, 2013. 13.

24

Our country is still in the difficult conditions of a transition period from one socio-economic system to another, and, apparently, there is no reason to count on its speedy completion. However, the chances of building a civil society of pluralistic democracy and a social market economy in the Russian Federation remain, despite all the difficulties and obstacles. The defects of the modern Russian economy are very serious, but this does not mean that they cannot be overcome. The main thing is to learn from the past and not make new mistakes.

Russian statistical yearbook: stat. Sat. M.: Goskomstat of Russia, 2000.<...>Russian statistical yearbook: stat. Sat. M.: Goskomstat of Russia, 2002.<...>Russian statistical yearbook: stat. Sat. M.: Goskomstat of Russia, 2003.<...>Russia in numbers: times. stat Sat. M.: Rosstat, 2005. Russia in numbers: brief. stat Sat.<...>Russia in numbers: times. stat Sat. M.: Rosstat, 2011. Russia in numbers: brief. stat Sat.

25

The United States and the EU declared the sanctions against Russia introduced in March 2014 as measures of influence on the Russian Federation in order to force it to unconditionally comply with the demands of the United States and a number of Western countries regarding the Russian position on the issue of Ukraine. The content of the sanctions indicates that they are aimed at isolating Russia internationally, weakening its economy, discrediting the Russian President and creating the image of a rogue country. Russia is not the first country against which the United States has applied sanctions without UN approval. The author gives examples of such sanctions, compares anti-Russian sanctions with the secret measures taken under President Reagan to weaken the economy of the USSR, and also names the possible negative consequences for Russia of the economic and financial sanctions imposed against it.

Stat. Sat.<...>Stat. Sat./Rosstat. – M., 2013. – P. 626.<...>Stat. Sat./Rosstat. – M., 2012. – P. 641, Russian statistical yearbook. 2013.<...>Stat. Sat./Rosstat. – M., 2013. – P. 571.<...>Stat. Sat./Rosstat. – M., 2013. – P. 587–588.

26

The article analyzes the most important market factors that limit long-term economic growth: a weak level of competition and competitive relations and a high level of monopolization in the economy of the Russian Federation. The analysis made it possible to draw a number of conclusions and recommendations for eliminating certain dysfunctions of public administration that interfere with the creation of reliable preconditions that ensure long-term sustainability of economic growth rates.

pp. 15 – 16. 5 Russia in numbers. 2016: Krat. stat Sat. / Rosstat. M., 2016. P. 61, 201. Table 2.<...> <...>P. 48; Industry of Russia. 2014: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. M., 2014. P. 54.<...>P. 56; Industry of Russia. 2012: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. M., 2012.<...>P. 48; Industry of Russia. 2014: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. M., 2014.

27

The article discusses issues relevant to the study of scientific communications in Russia, identifies trends in the development of modern scientific communications that are attributable to information culture and contribute to increasing their role in the international scientific community.

Research and materials: Sat. scientific articles (pp. 173-174). M.: Science; Rodaeva, M.R. (2011).<...>Research and materials: Sat. scientific articles. M.: Science.<...>Research and materials: Sat. scientific articles (Sb. 100; pp. 46-55). M.: Science; Saiko, E.A. (2015).<...>Research and materials: Sat. scientific articles (pp. 172-173, etc.).<...>Research and materials: Sat. scientific articles Sat. 100. M.: Science. pp. 46-55. Khanova, A. (2004).

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Social and demographic processes in Buryatia at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries.

Buryat State University

The monograph is devoted to social and demographic processes in the Republic of Buryatia during the period of economic reform of the country. The socio-economic and political transformations in the country carried out in the nineties contributed to a fundamental change in the structure of society, gave rise to many social problems and led to marginalization and deep stratification of society. Social problems reflected the changes taking place in the country. For historians, sociologists and anyone interested in the history of society.

Buryatia in numbers: a brief stat. Sat. - Part 1. - pp. 34-36. 9.<...>Buryatia in numbers: a brief stat. Sat. - Part 1. - pp. 23-25. 10.<...>Buryatia in numbers: a brief stat. Sat. No. 01-01-13. Part 1. - Ulan-Ude: State Committee of Statistics of the Republic of Belarus, 2003. - 76 p. 2.<...>Buryatia in numbers: a brief stat. Sat. No. 01-01-13.<...>Industry of the Republic of Buryatia: stat. Sat. 03-9. - Ulan-Ude: State Committee of Statistics of the Republic of Belarus, 1999. - 58 p. 13.

29

Mortality of the rural population of the Russian Federation from external causes in 1990-2010: trends, features, problems of assessing the real scale [Electronic resource] / Bogdanov // Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 18. Sociology and political science.- 2013.- No. 2.- P. 124-134.- Access mode: https://site/efd/467798

The scale, dynamics, main trends and features of mortality of the rural population of the Russian Federation from external causes during the period of social transformations are considered. The problems of underreporting of population mortality from this class of causes of mortality are analyzed.

pp. 13-22. 2 Demographic Yearbook of Russia. 2010: Stat. Sat. M., 2010. P. 221-358; FSGS information.<...>. Sat.<...>Demographic Yearbook of Russia. 2009: Stat. Sat. M., 2009.<...>Demographic Yearbook of Russia. 2010: Stat. Sat. M., 2010.<...>Women and men of Russia. 2010: Stat. Sat. M., 2010. Ivanova A.E., Semenova V.G., Zemlyanova E.V.

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The article provides a methodological approach to assessing economic costs in the process of reproduction of the primary labor resource. The author's approach to assessing transaction costs associated with the entry of graduates is proposed educational institutions into the labor sphere

Guskova. – N. Novgorod, 2008. – 352 p. 5. Education in Russia. 2003: Stat.sb./Goskomstat of Russia. –<...>Russian statistical yearbook, 2003: Stat.sb. / Goskomstat of Russia. – M., 2003. – 705 p. 7.<...>Russian statistical yearbook, 2004: Stat.sb. / Rosstat. – M., 2004. – 725 p. 8.<...>Russian statistical yearbook, 2010: Stat.sb. / Rosstat. – M., 2010. – 813 p. 9.<...> Social status and standard of living of the Russian population, 2010: Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. – M., 2010. – 507 p.

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The place and role of integration in livestock farming in Belgorod and Voronezh regions, problems of integration development are identified and ways of developing integrated structures in the industry are shown.

Socio-economic indicators, 2005: Stat.sb. / Russian Federation.<...>Socio-economic indicators, 2006: Stat.sb. / Russian Federation.<...>Socio-economic indicators. 2007: Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. − M., 2008. − 992 p. 8.<...>Socio-economic indicators. 2008: Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. − M., 2009. − 999 p. 9.<...>Socio-economic indicators. 2010: Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. − M., 2011. − 996 p.

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In Russia in the 1990s, as is known, many of the conditions necessary for the mechanism of competition to work to create an effective economy were absent. Naturally, the use of various market instruments characteristic of countries with developed market economies in a country with a transition economy encounters significant restrictions. Nevertheless, in a short period of time in history, a space of competition law has been formed in Russia, regulating and regulating the development of competition; many market instruments and mechanisms have been tested in practice; the concepts of competition and competitiveness are firmly entrenched in business circulation; There has been progress in economic development.

This was followed by decree3 Russia in numbers. 2007: Krat. stat Sat. / Goskomstat of Russia. - M., 2007.<...>pp. 27, 306; Finance of Russia. 2006: Stat. Sat. / Russia - M., 2006.<...> <...>. Sat. / Rosstat. - M., 2007.<...>. Sat. / Rosstat. - M., 2006.

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AGROECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF ZEOLITE TUFFS AND ORGANIC WASTES IN THE SOIL-PLANT SYSTEM (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE NORTHERN FOREST-STEPPE IN THE EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA) ABSTRACT OF THE DIS. ... DOCTORS OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

M.: MOSCOW AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY NAMED AFTER K. A. TIMIRYAZEV

Purpose and objectives of the research. The purpose of the research was to develop a methodology for optimizing the environmental-technological system for regulating soil fertility, obtaining environmentally friendly agricultural products, and improving environmental conditions natural environment through the use of a set of techniques and technological means for processing industrial waste and local natural minerals.

) //Sat. soil characteristics turf.<...>Water-soluble iron-organic compounds of soils in the taiga-forest zone (article) // Sat. report<...>water-soluble iron-organic compounds for sunflower plants (article) // Sat.<...>// Sat. scientific works Voronezh Agricultural Institute, 1985<...>The role of soil fertility in intensive technologies for cultivating agricultural crops (article) // Sat., dokl.

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M.: PROMEDIA

The article analyzes the factors influencing the transformation of the role and value of the family as the most important institution for the socialization of youth. The author has identified the main trends in the development of the socio-demographic situation in Russian and European societies.

Russian statistical yearbook. 2010: stat. Sat. – M.: Rosstat, 2010. 5.<...>Russia and countries of the world. 2010: stat. Sat. – M.: Rosstat, 2010. 6.<...>Family in Russia. 2008: stat. Sat. – M.: Rosstat, 2008. 7. Antonov, A.I.<...>Socio-economic indicators. 2010: stat. Sat. – M.: Rosstat, 2010. 9.<...>Youth in Russia. 2010: stat. Sat. / UNICEF, Rosstat. – M.: IRC “Statistics of Russia”, 2010.

35

Item. The growing critical technical and technological gap between Russia and the advanced countries of the world, the complete decline of the machine-building complex and high-tech production, the highest degree of dependence on external conditions, low business efficiency and the disinterest of private owners in increasing it, the growing scale of the shadow economy and the exacerbation of other social and demographic threats make The need to modernize the country's economic structure is especially urgent. Goals and objectives. Determining priority areas for solving the presented problems. The objectives of the article are to consider the features of successful attempts at structural modernization of the “new industrial countries” of Asia, as well as to determine the significance and possibility of their application in the context of globalization to ensure the structural modernization of the Russian economy. Methodology. Based on statistical data, the work examines the specifics and main essential features of the development of the PRC and the Republic of Korea, which allowed them to ensure high rates of economic growth over a short period of time. Results. The influence of the considered features on the development of the “new industrial countries” of Asia is determined. The significance and possibility of using these features in Russian conditions is determined. Conclusions. It is concluded that in the process of implementing the structural modernization of the national economy, it is first of all necessary to take into account promising trends and focus on national specifics. At the same time, the most acceptable direction for the structural modernization of countries with economies in transition in the context of globalization should be a characteristic increase in the role of the state, on the one hand, acting as a regulatory, stabilizing force during recessions and economic downturns, on the other hand, creating internal conditions for the development of market mechanisms .

Kemerovo: Kuzbassvuzizdat, 2014. 331 p. 7 Russia in numbers: stat. Sat. M.: Rosstat, 2015.<...>. Sat.<...>. Sat.<...>P. 358; Russia and the countries of the world: stat. Sat. M.: Rosstat, 2012.<...>M.: 2014. 254 p. 23 Ibid. 24 Russia and the countries of the world: stat. Sat. M.: Rosstat, 2012.

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DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH TO STATE SUPPORT OF SMALL ENTERPRISES ABSTRACT DIS. ... CANDIDATE OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES

M.: RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF PUBLIC SERVICE UNDER THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The purpose of the study is to develop a differentiated approach to building a more effective system of state support for small enterprises in Russia. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set in the work: to clarify the role and contribution of small enterprises to the development of a market economy; summarize foreign experience of state support for small enterprises; identify the features of state support for small enterprises in various sectors of the economy; analyze the current practice of state regulation of Russian small enterprises at the regional level; determine areas for improving state support for small enterprises based on the use of a differentiated approach. The object of the study is small enterprises, as well as the system of government support bodies for small businesses in the country.

.: Stat.sb./Rosstat. M., 2006.<...>Stat. Sat. /Rosstat. M.: 2004. P. 14; Small business in Russia. 2005. Stat. Sat.<...>Socio-economic indicators. 2005: Stat. Sat./Rosstat. M., 2006.<...>Calculated by the author according to: Russian Statistical Yearbook. 2005: Stat. Sat./Rosstat. P.377.<...>Socio-economic indicators. 2005: Stat. Sat./Rosstat. M., 2006.

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Item. Household savings as a potential source of domestic investment in the regional economy Objectives. Study of the main problems associated with attracting household savings, identifying trends and development prospects for the subsequent investment of household savings in the regional economy using the example of the Siberian Federal District.

Socio-economic indicators, 2015: Stat. Sat.<...> <...>This article 11 Regions of Russia. Socio-economic indicators, 2015: Stat. Sat.<...>Socio-economic indicators, 2015: Stat. Sat.<...>Socio-economic indicators, 2015: Stat. Sat.

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The article describes the set of basic economic, political, legal and social rules that form the institutional environment of the market, on the basis of which state competition and antimonopoly policies are formed.

Demographic Yearbook of Russia. 2002: stat. Sat. - M.: Goskomstat of Russia, 2002. 5.<...>Demographic Yearbook of Russia. 2013: stat. Sat. - M., 2013. 6. Karanets S.<...>Russian statistical yearbook: stat. Sat. 2014. - M., 2014: - P. 464. 13.<...>Stat. Sat. - M., 2014. - P. 260. 15.<...>Trade in Russia. 2013: stat. Sat. - M.: Rosstat, 2013. - P. 72, 76. 16. Fenelonov E.A.

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Poverty: issues of methodology, analysis and assessment [monograph]

The work is dedicated to comprehensive analysis the phenomenon of poverty in the system of socio-economic relations and its specificity in the transitional Russian economy. The monograph analyzes poverty as a macroeconomic category and proves the legitimacy of using the theory of “vicious circles of poverty” to analyze the Russian economy.

The fundamental basis of modern economic development of leading industrialized countries is a qualitatively new type of technological and economic structure, in which knowledge and information play the role of the main production resource

knowledge and information play a role in production resources. state and innovation 1 Russia and the countries of the world: Stat.sb<...>entrepreneurship does not create prerequisites for engaging in scientific developments, their industrial 2 Russia and the countries of the world: Stat.sb<...>The innovation system of Russia: model and prospects for its development - M., RUDN Publishing House, 2004. 4 Russia and the countries of the world: Stat.sb<...>Russia and the countries of the world: Stat.sb./Rosstat. – M., 2007. 2. Golichenko O.<...>Russia and the countries of the world: Stat.sb./Rosstat. – M., 2006 Copyright JSC Central Design Bureau BIBKOM & LLC Book-Service Agency

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Problems of rooting the urban population in the Yenisei North in the 50–80s of the twentieth century [Electronic resource] / N. . GONINA // Bulletin of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series "Humanities and Social Sciences". .- 2016 .- No. 5 .- P. 5-16 .- doi:10.17238/issn2227-6564.2016.5.5 .- Access mode: https://site/efd/512060

Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov

The purpose of this article is to consider the factors determining the establishment of a permanent population in a northern city using the example of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The Yenisei North is a typical example of a territory with extreme conditions - people come here either forcedly or for adventurous reasons. As a rule, most migrants do not want to stay here for a long time. Nevertheless, the population of northern cities gradually increased in the 1950s–1980s, and indigenous residents also appeared. The traditional economy has developed an adaptive form of survival based on cooperation with nature; basic skills were often borrowed from indigenous peoples. This form is effective and economical, it is the basis for the natural reproduction of the population. The person becomes autonomous from state system, however, there is a tendency towards conservatism, closedness, and stagnation. The industrial stage of development of the North during the Soviet period was based on the creation of an artificial environment, which was completely dependent on the city-forming enterprise (housing construction, electricity, heating, food, etc.). The quality of life of a city dweller was determined by his status in the management and production system. The peculiarity of the northern territories was an improved supply of industrial goods and higher salaries relative to other areas - not only for the elite, but also for ordinary workers. But this did not always become the reason for rooting. Along with the comfort of life, the opportunity for free self-realization in a favorable social environment played a significant role. It is this factor that Norilsk residents indicate in their memoirs. He also contributed to the rich cultural life of the city, which also influenced a person’s decision to stay permanently or leave.

The article examines the investment activity of the country's regions to attract foreign investment, identified on the basis of cluster analysis. The topic is relevant in connection with the increasing differentiation of regions in the distribution of foreign investment. The results obtained can be used by the leadership of the constituent entities of the federation to assess the effectiveness of their policies to attract foreign investment

Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. – M., 2011. – 57 p. 2. Mandel I.D.<...>Stat. Sat. / Goskomstat of Russia. – M., 2003. – 895 p. 4. Regions of Russia.<...>Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. – M., 2011. – 990 p. 5.<...>Russian statistical yearbook. 2001: Stat. Sat. / Goskomstat of Russia. – M., 2001. – 679 p. 6.<...>Russian statistical yearbook. 2011: Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. – M., 2011. – 795 p. 7.

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The article highlights the main negative trends in the domestic alcohol market (a reduction in the number of legal producers and sellers, a change in the consumption structure in the direction of increased sales of strong drinks, unfair competition at the regional level, aggravation of the problems of alcoholism of the population, a decrease in sales of legal products with an increase in counterfeit volumes), requiring taking immediate measures aimed at optimizing its regulation

The textbook is written for the purpose of methodological support academic discipline basic part of the professional cycle “Modern Publishing”

pp. 10, 126; Press in the USSR in 1985: stat. Sat. / VKP. M., 1986. S. 10, 123.<...>P. 10; Printing in the USSR in 1985 stat. Sat. / VKP. M., 1986. S. 10, 123.<...>P. 35. 2 The table is compiled from the source: Press of the Russian Federation in 1991: stat. Sat.<...>Press of the Russian Federation in 2000: stat. Sat. / ed. E.B.<...>pp. 98, 115, 158; Seal of the USSR in ... year: stat. Sat. M., 1980–1987; Lensky B.V.

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The global economy is on the verge of a new wave of technological changes that are dramatically increasing the role of human capital in competition both within national economies and in global markets. In the annual reports on competitiveness published by the World Economic Forum1, human capital development is considered as one of the fundamental groups of factors on the basis of which it is proposed to judge the level of competitiveness of national economies. In the Russian economy, the problems of the influence of the human factor, which determines the competitiveness rating in a post-industrial economy, have relatively recently begun to be deeply and actively studied.

The level and dynamics of wages are analyzed by type of activity and sectors of the Russian economy in the 2000s, including the stages of recovery growth and stabilization. The basis is based on indicators of nominal wages, labor productivity, and real labor costs. Qualitatively different trends have been identified in the relationship between the level of wages and labor productivity at the level of individual sectors and types of activities against the backdrop of rapid growth of wages in the economy as a whole.

National accounts of Russia in 2006-2013: Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. M., 2013. 7.<...>Russia in numbers. 2014: Krat. stat Sat. / Rosstat. M., 2014. 10.<...>Labor and employment. 2007: Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. M., 2007. 11.<...>Labor and employment. 2012: Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. M., 2012. 12.<...>Labor and employment. 2013: Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. M., 2013. 13. Fedorova L.

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The relevance of the article is due to the fact that poverty and low income, along with the accompanying significant scale of social inequality, continue to remain one of the most pressing social problems of modern Russian society. The article analyzes the main factors low level lives of a significant number of Russians, features of Russian poverty, and also suggests ways to overcome this social phenomenon

pp. 209-210. 10 Labor and employment in Russia. 2009: Stat. Sat. M., 2009. P. 386. 11 See: Shevyakov A.Yu.<...>P. 52. 15 Russian statistical yearbook. 2012: Stat. Sat. M., 2012. P. 186. 16 See: Abalkin L.<...>Russian statistical yearbook. 2012: Stat. Sat.<...>Russia in numbers. 2013: Stat. Sat. M., 2013 (Rossija v cifrah. 2013: Stat. sb. M., 2013). Sachs J.<...>Labor and employment in Russia. 2009: Stat. Sat. M., 2009 (Trud i zanjatost’ v Rossii. 2009: Stat. sb.

Unfortunately, not only the general public, but also among academic economists, the published figures were taken on faith and were not subjected to proper analysis, much less doubt. Meanwhile, they should have alerted any person living in our country and sharing the troubles of his people. In fact, if you believe them, then over the years noted, GDP growth was more than 1.5 times. Taking into account current year growth compared to 1998 should approach 200%. If we are not dealing with another Potemkin village, but with objective reality, then such significant growth is not a needle in a haystack that can easily get lost. Such an increase in the social product produced in the country should have improved the situation of the country so much that every resident could not help but feel it. Meanwhile, if we felt anything, it was a deterioration, not an improvement.

In this regard, part of the doubt about the reality of growth relates to its sources. Let's start with the fact that such growth can be achieved through the introduction of such powerful factors that are unthinkable without a qualitatively different participation of the population in this process compared to the period of recession. However, the only noticeable change in this area concerns the end of delays in the payment of wages. But it still remains so low that it cannot generate any additional work enthusiasm. We are no longer talking about the fact that during the economic boom, wages should have increased significantly.

All models of economic growth assume that an increase in national product can be achieved through two sources (although differently named in different theories): first, by increasing the number of workers; secondly, and mainly, due to increased labor productivity, which usually accounts for up to 4/5 of the growth. In view of this, it is quite natural to ask how much of the growth came from which of these sources? In principle, it can be assumed that some part of the growth can be obtained by increasing the number of people employed in the real sector of the economy, since there are many unemployed in the country. But was it? As for the growth of labor productivity, it is impossible given the age of the equipment shown above.

So how did the declared one come about? the economic growth?

Another part of the doubts is related to its influence on related indicators of economic conditions. Real economic growth cannot but have a number of mandatory consequences. If, for example, production increases capital goods, then there had to be an update of the technical base of production. As shown above, there was nothing of the kind.

If, for example, production increases consumer goods and services , then the well-being of the population should have increased, which in reality is decreasing all the time. The mortality rate of the population has increased during the years of reforms, the decrease in life expectancy, the decline in the entire standard of living of the bulk of the population, accompanied by in different forms social protest are evidence that there is no improvement.

Foreign exchange earnings received due to rising energy prices on the world market, and also included in GDP at the exchange rate together with the total monetization of the economy, so inflate its nominal (monetary) value, which the further, the more difficult it is to determine the physical volume of the product created in the country . In addition, due to the excessive duration and scale of inflation processes, the adjustment value of the GDP deflator decreases every year, and as a result, the real volume of GDP is increasingly distorted. But the dynamics of real GDP are the only way to judge the actual rate of economic growth. Therefore, confirmation of growth by related indicators is required. If there is no such confirmation, then there is no growth.

I'm afraid that in our situation we are passing off wishful thinking as reality. The exaggerated volume of GDP creates the appearance that economic growth is achievable by itself, without much effort. If so, then why bother with complex investment projects and programs of scientific and technological progress, when without this everything goes well? This is why the deceptive picture hurts us. It disorients us as to what we should do for the sake of our present and future. Instead of bringing the sources of genuine growth of the national economy to the center of attention of business, the state and the entire population, we are leading ourselves into a dangerous delusion. It would be nice if those incomes that are presented as growth would be fully returned to the country, but this is not the case either. At best, only part of them is returned, which is used to patch up current holes. But such patching can only have a temporary effect, hiding the fact that the country is sliding to the edge of the abyss. As a result, the country is drawn into the oil and gas dollar trap of imaginary prosperity, while the economy, meanwhile, is plunging deeper and deeper into the maelstrom of technical degradation, the exit from which is becoming more and more difficult from year to year. If oil prices fall, the economy will not be able to stand on its eroded supports. If a collapse occurs, then no reserves of the Central Bank or the Stabilization Fund will save us.

The only guarantee of our economic (and political) sustainability can be high technology, on the basis of which only it is possible to create a competitive economy, take its rightful place on the world stage and provide its population with a decent level of well-being. Following the example of developed countries, private capital should have taken the initiative in this matter. But Russian capital turned out to be incapable of this. Its replacement could be the Russian state power, but drawn into the web of falsely understood liberal values ​​and making itself dependent on more developed countries, it tied itself hand and foot with dogma.

In this case, we mean the postulate discussed above about self-regulating market economy. According to this idea, economic growth occurs on its own, and therefore there is no need to develop a strategy for ensuring it through active government action. All neoclassical growth models assume the inherent freedom of substitution between labor and capital in the aggregate production function. In conditions of perfect competition, this assumption is considered a sufficient prerequisite for spontaneous economic growth.

Thus, R. Solow’s growth model, built on this and a number of other similar premises, assumes equilibrium growth of the capitalist economy in conditions of market freedoms. What happens to the economy if it deviates from this trajectory? In this case, according to R. Harrod and E. Domar, centrifugal forces will come into play, which will further aggravate the situation, and this will lead to a deep depression or uncontrolled rise in prices and inflation. Active Keynesian measures of government stimulation of economic growth are designed to prevent such unfavorable developments. First of all, we are talking about increasing employment through expanding aggregate demand. R. Solow argued that none of this is needed, since the capitalist economy has an internal mechanism for spontaneous return to a stable trajectory of economic growth (steady-state-growth).

R. Solow's approach reflects the following equation:

Δ k = sf(k) – nk,

Where: k– capital-labor ratio, equal to the ratio of the capital fund to the number of workers ( K/L),

Δ k– increase in capital ratio,

s – savings per employee

f(k) – output per worker, equal to the ratio of total production to the number of workers ( Y/L),

n – labor force growth rate.

This formula is usually called fundamental equation of neoclassical growth theory . It relates the increase in capital-labor ratio (Δ k) with the amount of savings per employee ( sf(k)) and the amount of investment that would be required to maintain the capital-labor ratio at a constant level at a given rate of labor force growth ( nk). It should be noted that in neoclassical theory, investments are always equal to savings. Thus, sf(k) can also be considered the amount of investment per unit of labor. R. Solow's equation states that Δ k is determined by the difference between investments per employee and the amount required to maintain the achieved level of capital-labor ratio at a given rate of labor force growth.

It turns out that the capitalist economy returns to a trajectory of sustainable growth whenever any external forces deviate it from equilibrium. This is clearly shown in Fig. 7, taken from the book by R. Jones (Jones, 1975, p. 83).

Figure 7. R. Solow's economic growth model

The abscissa axis shows the capital-labor ratio ( k), and on the y-axis – output per worker ( y). Curve f(k) reflects the relationship between output per worker and the capital-to-labor ratio, i.e. intensive production function. sf(k) And s*f(k) is savings per employee different levels, corresponding to investments. For each k magnitude y divided into saved and consumed parts. Curve nk represents the increase in capital-labor ratio corresponding to constant, exogenous growth rates of the labor force.

Let us consider the properties of the graph at the value of capital-to-labor ratio k 1 and savings functions per employee sf(k). At these model values, investment per worker exactly corresponds to the investment required to expand funds at the level of natural growth of the labor force, i.e. sf(k 1) = nk 1. This means that according to the fundamental equation Δ k 1= 0. It is also clear that output per worker ( y) is increasing at the same rate. (Otherwise, the requirement of the intensive production function for a unique correspondence between capital and labor productivity would be violated.) Consequently, the economy is on a trajectory of sustainable growth, i.e. guaranteed growth rates of R. Harrod.

In the sections of the graph located to the left k 1, investments exceed the natural level, i.e. sf(k) > nk. According to the fundamental equation, in such a situation Δ k> 0 and the capital-to-labor ratio will increase. At the same time, in sections of the graph to the right k 1 the opposite is true, and the capital-labor ratio will decrease. This means that the economy will gravitate toward natural growth rates, i.e. strive for balance.

R. Solow asks the question: what will happen if, for some reason, savings suddenly increase sharply? His model offers an optimistic answer. When the curve shifts sf(k) V s*f(k) at the first moment the balance will be disturbed, because investments will exceed the level of natural growth rates. However, soon the mechanism of shift to the equilibrium trajectory described above will work again, but now at the capital-labor level k 2.

Thus, in neoclassical theory, it is the investment growth function at the level of natural labor force dynamics (nk) that determines the long-term trajectory of sustainable economic growth . It is easy to see that R. Solow’s model works only if it assumes freedom of substitution of production factors.

The theory considered has raised many objections, most of which cannot be cited here. But one of them cannot be bypassed. The Japanese economist R. Sato fundamentally studied the applied aspect of R. Solow's model and showed that in the economies of developed countries, a spontaneous transition from one level of equilibrium to another and, as a result, to a new trajectory of sustainable growth, will take an extremely long period. He wrote: “Using the neoclassical growth model, we have presented the main relationships between the period of adjustment and the magnitude of parameters as the economy moves from one equilibrium state to another. As a result of applying the model to various economies, we showed that the adjustment period is extremely long. Complete adaptation during the transition from one equilibrium to another is essentially never achieved. In our example, reaching 90% of full adaptation takes from 50 to 150 years” (Sato, 1962-1963, p. 22-23).

Such an assessment of R. Solow's theory sharply reduces its practical value and proves that it cannot form the basis of Russian strategy.

Hardly anyone from the Russian leadership tried to understand neoclassical, and especially other theories and models of economic growth. It’s just that, in the fashion of the time, within the limits of its capabilities, it has internalized their general meaning: over time, everything will work itself out in accordance with the optimistic spirit of the neoliberal concept. But if someone in power were to become acquainted with Western growth models, they would discover that, strictly speaking, the Russian situation does not even correspond to the neoclassical model, let alone others.

Thus, in the above-mentioned theory of R. Solow, growth depends on the intensity of use of production factors - labor and capital, in other words, this means that growth is achieved mainly due to technical progress. Based on this and using American data, R. Solow argues that about 4/5 of the growth in production per worker is a consequence of technical progress. Moreover, he divided capital into different generations depending on age and showed that generations of equipment of later release to a greater extent embody technical progress and determine the rate of growth. According to this theory, in the Russian economy, which from year to year is moving towards an increasingly older technical base, there can be no growth at all.

Having said this, the question arises: what theory and model of growth do we need?

It seems that the theory of economic growth developed in the 1920s is more appropriate to our conditions. Soviet economist G. A. Feldman. It was rediscovered in the West by R. Harrod and E. Domar in the 1940s. As often happens with us, the pioneer of the theory of economic growth not only did not receive recognition in his country, but, on the contrary, was removed from his post in the State Planning Committee, and in the 1930s. subjected to repression. However, Odessa resident Evsei Dymarsky (Domar), who was familiar with this model, emigrated to the USA, where he continued his research in the conditions of American freedom. In his publications, he emphasized that his work is a continuation and development of the theory of G.A. Feldman. Thanks to this, the latter became known and recognized in the West, and later in our country (see Theory of Capital..., 2004, pp. 170-186). As for R. Harrod, he came to similar conclusions independently of G. Feldman and E. Domar, applying Keynesian ideas to the modern capitalist economy.

But be that as it may, the development of the theory of economic growth we need is the merit of these three economists and, in my opinion, we should turn, first of all, to their legacy. Without being able to dwell in more detail on the rich content of the works of these authors, let us briefly formulate their essence: the rate of economic growth is directly proportional to the volume of investment and inversely proportional to the capital intensity of production . No one can ensure economic development without complying with this law. Each percentage of growth has its own investment price, and if it is not paid, then it is impossible to achieve a real expansion of production. If you believe the above data, then economic growth comes out of thin air, without much investment and technical progress. But if that were the case, then there would be no problem.

We should free ourselves from this kind of delusion. In search of an alternative to these ideas, the growth theory of M. Kalecki, who denied the possibility of the existence of a single model for all conditions, is of particular interest to us. He argued “that each social system has a corresponding theory of growth” and that “the same formula for the rate of growth of national income should be interpreted differently, depending on the social system with which we are dealing.” (Theory of capital..., 2004, p. 191). The most complete presentation of these views can be found in his book “Essays on the Theory of Growth of a Socialist Economy,” published in Russian by the Progress publishing house back in 1970.

In the light of the Kaleckian approach, which attaches paramount importance to social conditions specific to a given society, the works of domestic developers of growth theory (A.I. Notkin, A.I. Anchishkin, Yu.V. Yaremenko) are of particular interest, in which our conditions found the most complete reflection. We must take this invaluable heritage of our theoretical thought into account if we want to find an answer to the question of what kind of growth theory we need.

Of particular importance is the theory of qualitative heterogeneity of technological resources by Acad. Yu.V. Yaremenko (see Yaremenko, 1997a, 1997b, 2001). Summarizing the experience of a planned economy, it reflects those features of the domestic economy that remain - and, most likely, will remain for a long time - decisive for the processes of its growth. The starting point for this system of views is the statement of the heterogeneity of technological resources, which can be divided into two opposing classes: quality and mass. The same level of GDP can be provided either by a smaller amount of the first or a larger amount of the second factors of production. The lack of quality resources can be compensated by the use more their mass analogues (compensation effect). In turn, mass factors of production can be replaced by fewer quality factors.

From this it is clear that the focus of Yu.V. Yaremenko’s attention is the problem of substitution, around which, as shown above, the entire discussion about the theory of growth revolves. One of the most original Soviet economists, provides important arguments in favor of the absence of the freedom of substitution of production factors assumed by neoclassics. After all, the transition to a new structure of resource consumption involves other technologies, and their implementation requires time and expense. We can say that we are talking about a unique and, as far as we can judge, model of technological choice that has no analogues abroad, but only developed not for an individual company (as is done in Western theories), but for National economy generally.

However, Yu.V. Yaremenko goes further, showing the deep connection and interdependence of the technological (ratio of compensation and substitution effects) and cost structure of the economy. If the economy is based on the use of mass resources, then they should be quite cheap. If they are of high quality, then they should be available. This determines the importance of the concept of economic functions of a number of sectors of the national economy, which is very important in the system of Yu.V. Yaremenko. In an economy in which growth is achieved through the increasing use of mass resources (compensation), an increasing burden falls on the sector that creates these capital goods. This is the method of ensuring balance in planned economy. In the USSR, extensive economic growth required increasing production of electricity, metals, increasing capital construction, etc.

By the 1980s sources of cheap labor and minerals had dried up, and the economy demanded change. However, according to Yu.V. Yaremenko, the technological structure of the national economy was decisively inconsistent with the radical transition to the market. All the problems of the Soviet economy, according to Yuri Vasilyevich, rested like a wall on “technological heterogeneity.” This capacious concept reflects the fact that the largest part of our country’s quality resources was concentrated in the military-industrial complex. As a result, civilian industries implemented costly technologies. That is why development was carried out through the ever-increasing pumping of mass resources, and that is why their cheapness was critically important. With the liberalization of pricing, Yu.V. warned. Yaremenko, mass resources will become more expensive. In the absence of a supply of high-quality investment goods, civil industries will not switch to resource-saving technologies, as reformers predict, but will simply collapse.

According to the academician’s calculations, 2-3 five-year plans were required to implement technological restructuring in a planned way, which would allow the start of effective market reforms (Yaremenko, 1997a, p. 25). Of course, these sound judgments were completely rejected in the frenzy of market enthusiasm on the grounds that we “don’t have time to wait.” Where the reformers were in such a hurry is now clear to everyone.

It should be emphasized that, unlike the Nobel laureate R. Solow, the Soviet economist did not limit himself only to the abstract formulation of his theory of growth. He developed a unique mathematical model, which made it possible to process a huge amount of data on the distribution of technological resources in the Soviet economy and on the corresponding sectoral proportions (see its detailed description in: Yaremenko, 1997 b, ch. 1-8). I would like to say directly that, despite the abundance of visiting consultants, foreign funds and paid grants, the neoclassical concept of the growth of the Russian economy does not have even a shadow of a quantitative justification similar to that which was equipped with the theory of Yu.V. Yaremenko. The above material about price disparity and technological degradation of the economy fully confirms the conclusions of the Soviet scientist.

Thus, the neoclassical theory of growth, which has a pronounced ideological bias, cannot serve as any reliable guide for the effective economic policy of our country. Unsound theoretically, it is completely refuted by the ongoing crisis of our economy itself. The key to understanding the social mechanisms that impede the development of a capitalist economy is contained in Marxist and Keynesian approaches. A full-fledged alternative to market radicalism has been developed the best representatives domestic economic thought.