After drilling a well at personal plot will be completed, and the water in the mine will be completely cleared of sand and clay, you can begin the final stage of arranging an individual water supply system - installation well pump. Before installation work you need to choose the right pump, as well as buy the materials and accessories necessary to connect it.
Which pump is suitable for a well?
The choice of pumping equipment begins with determining the type of model. All pumping units are divided into surface and submersible: the former are installed in close proximity to the water source, and the latter must be completely immersed in liquid during operation. Surface models are easy to maintain and their cost is somewhat lower, however, most of these units are designed for a suction depth of 7-9 meters. In addition to conventional surface pumping stations, ejector-type installations are produced that are capable of lifting water from a depth of up to 25-40 meters. Their design requires immersion into the well of not one, but two pipes - suction and pressure.
For deep wells more than suitable option submersible models are considered. When choosing an electric pump, you need to pay attention to the operating principle of the equipment. It is not recommended to lower vibration devices into the shaft. Installing such a pump in a well will lead to erosion and siltation of the source.
In cases where there is a significant amount of abrasive impurities in the water, you should opt for screw or screw pumps. They are not very productive, but are resistant to sand, clay and lime. If the water contains no more than 0.15% solid particles, it is best to purchase a centrifugal unit. The design of a centrifugal well pump allows the supply of large volumes of liquid to a pressure height of up to 100 meters or more.
Many manufacturers produce models specifically designed for use in deep wells. They are distinguished by smaller body sizes, have protection against engine overheating, and are often additionally equipped with an electric cable and cable, the length of which corresponds to the maximum immersion depth.
Surface pumps are easier to install and cheaper than submersible models, but they are only effective for wells up to 8 meters deep
An important parameter when choosing a model is the diameter of the case. It should be 15-20 mm smaller than the internal dimensions of the casing pipe. Otherwise, the equipment may malfunction and will be damaged for a long time. ahead of schedule declared by the manufacturer. You should also pay attention to the power supply features of the unit. For domestic supply, the power of single-phase installations is quite sufficient.
Additional materials
The list of required materials depends on which borehole pump will be installed. For surface models, you will need a check valve with a filter and a suction hose to immerse into the shaft with a sufficient degree of rigidity. When using an ejector model, you will need to purchase two pipes with a diameter corresponding to the inlet holes of the pump part.
To connect a submersible well pump with your own hands, you will need to purchase the following:
Cable for fixing the pumping unit in the shaft. If the equipment is already equipped with a cable, you should check its length, make sure it is strong and resistant to moisture. The cord must support 5 times the weight of the pump.
Electrical cable. The length of the cable is calculated so that it does not sag, but is not stretched either.
Pipe for connecting to the water supply. Typically, installation of a pump in a well is carried out using plastic pipes diameter corresponding to the outlet pipe. When choosing pipes, take into account the distance to the water surface: at a depth of up to 50 m you can purchase plastic designed for a pressure of 10 bar, from 50 to 80 m - up to 12.5 bar, and above 80 you should choose a pipe that can withstand a pressure of 16 bar. The pump can also be connected to the well using metal pipes, but this option is more expensive, and the presence of connections between individual elements increases the likelihood of loss of tightness of the supply pipe and the formation of leaks.
A strong steel assembly on the head of the shaft to secure the pump.
Fastenings for fixing the electrical cable on the supply pipe.
Installation of surface equipment
Surface models are installed indoors (if the water source is located near the house) or in a pre-prepared insulated well (caisson) near the mouth of the shaft. The installation site must be level; it is recommended that the unit be additionally secured with bolted connections.
Scheme of installing a pump in a well
How to properly connect a surface-type well pump? A check valve with a filter is placed on the lower part of the suction pipe, the upper end is connected to the inlet of the pump part. Ejector models are equipped with a remote block, which is connected to the bottom of the pipes; the upper ends of the suction hoses are attached to the inlet pipes.
The suction pipeline must be completely sealed: when air is sucked into the pipe or at the joints between the blades of the impellers of the pump part, turbulence will be created that will prevent the normal pumping of liquid.
Typically, the connection diagram for a surface pump for a well includes:
- expansion membrane tank to constantly maintain pressure in the system and mitigate water hammer when starting the engine;
- an automation unit that starts the engine when the pressure in the water supply drops and turns it off when the pressure rises to the specified parameters;
- filters for purifying water from impurities.
All of the listed devices can be purchased separately or you can buy an already assembled pumping station, completely ready for connection to the water supply system. Before the first start-up, the pipe and chamber with the impeller are filled with water.
General diagram of installing a submersible pump and connecting all the necessary elements to the house water supply
Connecting a submersible pump is carried out in several successive stages.
Preliminary work
Before installing the pump in the well, it is necessary to carefully check the entire length of the barrel. In cases where during execution earthworks the requirements for drilling the shaft were not met; there may be narrowing or curvature at the joints of the casing pipes. If present defects prevent the free passage of the housing of the submersible pumping unit, they must be eliminated.
To fix the unit, you should make a strong steel frame, which is placed on the head of the well. A hole is drilled in it to secure the cable.
Installation stages
Preparation of the suspension system.
Installation begins with assembly: a check valve is installed on the inlet pipe to prevent the outflow of water from the system when the engine is turned off, then, if necessary, a cup-shaped filter is installed to prevent abrasive impurities from entering the working part of the installation.
The assembled unit is connected to the supply hose using an adapter. To ensure tightness, it is recommended to use winding. The fastening cord is pulled through the eyes provided in the housing and securely fastened. If an electrical cable is not provided in the design, it will also need to be connected to the device. In this case, it is very important to provide reliable protection against moisture penetration: the connection is insulated with a heat-shrinkable tube, and on top of it - a waterproofing sleeve.
The pipe, hose and cable are straightened along their entire length, and then connected together using clamps or clips, making sure that the cable is positioned more freely
Lowering the device into the shaft
After preparing the suspension system, you can proceed to lowering the unit into the well. Perform it slowly and extremely carefully, trying to ensure that the body does not come into contact with the walls of the casing pipe. To protect the device and the walls of the shaft from damage, you can put a protective ring on the housing. You only need to hold on to the fastening cable, while making sure that the hose and electrical cable are not too tight.
There is little space between the walls of the casing and the pump. Therefore, it is better to release the submersible pump into the well very carefully
The depth of immersion depends on the filling of the well and the manufacturer’s recommendations. Before performing work, you must carefully read the instructions. As a rule, the optimal distance to the bottom should be at least 1 m; with a lower location, the likelihood of abrasive particles getting inside the device increases. The recommended distance from the top of the body to the water surface is at least 50 cm. After the pumping unit reaches the recommended depth, the cable is secured to the frame.
Connecting a well pump
Before you connect pumping equipment, from the house to the well they dig a trench, the depth of which will be greater than the freezing depth. The supply pipe and electrical cable are laid in the trench. If it is not possible to install communications at the same depth into the house, the exit located above the freezing level should be well insulated.
The connection diagram for a well pump is the same as for surface models: a hydraulic accumulator with an automation unit and filters for water purification are connected to the supply pipe, the cable is connected to a household power supply.
Proper installation of a pump in a well with your own hands will ensure long-term operation of the equipment and uninterrupted supply of water to the water supply system of the house. When replacement or preventative maintenance is required, the pump can be easily lifted to the surface and lowered back into the shaft.
Alexey
05.01.2015 Pumping stationsOwners of private households prefer tap water, which most often has very poor taste, to clean water obtained from a deep well.
This requires special equipment, as well as the help of specialist drillers. After all, it is impossible to dig a well by hand, especially if you are interested in drinking water and not industrial water.
But the arrangement of the future source of life-giving moisture does not end there. Having completed all the preparatory work, including such as installation and installation of the pump in the well, they proceed to the main stage of testing the performance of the equipment and analyzing the resulting water.
But in order for the result to meet your expectations, it is necessary to complete all stages of equipment installation with the utmost precision.
What is a well pump?
This is equipment used for pumping water. Its main feature is the need to immerse the unit in water during operation. At the same time, it can lift water to the surface from a depth of up to 400 meters. The design of borehole pumps is quite complex; high-tech engineering solutions are used in their creation.
Types of pumps
There are several types of this equipment:
- Deep;
- For wells;
- Borehole.
The former have a high cost due to their complex design. Pumps for wells are used for reservoirs with shallow depths, so they are simpler in technical terms and, accordingly, have a lower cost.
Downhole models are submersible pumps. They are installed in boreholes and mine wells and are used to pump water from various depths.
The cost of installing such a pump in a well is quite high. This must be taken into account when choosing. Structurally, they consist of a multistage centrifugal pump and an electric motor with a rigid shaft connection, also of a submersible type.
Watch the video, types of pumps:
Such equipment has a cylindrical shape and small dimensions, which makes it possible to use them even in narrow wells. They are able to provide the necessary water pressure from the most remote sources. There are two types:
- Centrifugal;
- Vortex.
The first ones have a design of a large number of stages, which allows them to be used for supplying water containing mechanical impurities. While vortex ones are designed exclusively for pure liquid without any additives.
A model is usually selected taking into account the depth of the well, the maximum demand and the required pressure.
Which pump to choose
In order to download drinking water from a well, one of two types of equipment is usually used: deep or surface. The first one must be completely immersed in water, so installation is carried out according to a certain pattern. The second one is usually located on the ground.
It pumps water by sucking it from the source, but the deeper the vein is, the more powerful the equipment must be. Therefore, surface equipment is usually used for wells and boreholes up to 8 meters deep. But at the same time, such a pump is very easy to install.
Watch the video, expert advice:
Submersible models are installed directly into the pipe, and they must be completely immersed in water. Their operating principle is based on pushing liquid into pipes. They are selected taking into account the height to which the equipment will have to push water. Its installation is much more complicated, and choosing the necessary modification is not very easy. However, most wells are deep, so submersible ones are most often used.
Preparation for installation of water supply equipment
The installation process of a deep-well pump depends on many factors:
- Required pressure;
- Pressure;
- Reliability;
- Ease of use.
But before proceeding with installation, it is necessary to determine how well the parameters of the equipment correspond to the dimensions of the well and select an installation scheme for the well pump. In addition, the characteristics of the device are determined, the power of which must correspond to the required pressure and volume of water consumed.
To install, you must purchase in advance:
- Pump;
- Stainless steel clamps;
- Pipes;
- Fitting.
The pipes and cable must correspond to the length of the dive plus 2-3 m in reserve. In order for the well to be in constant operation, a 220 V stabilizer is required.
Installation steps
Pipe fastening
Installation begins with disassembling the head. Its flange together with the sealing ring are put on the casing pipe. Then measure the length of the cable and make two loops at its end. One of them is passed into the eye of the pump, and the second through the carabiner of the head.
The pump is installed in the well by holding it by the cable. It is necessary to ensure that the pipe with cable and cable does not twist. In this case, the latter are attached with special ties so that there is no sagging. After the immersion has been completed to the required depth, the end of the pipe is cut to a short distance from the head flange.
Watch the video, installation:
Installing a well pump is quite simple and you can handle it yourself. However, some nuances must be taken into account:
- Before carrying out installation work, the well must be cleaned;
- Water is pumped until the sediment in the form of sand disappears.
There is one more important condition. The pump must be placed in the well in such a way that it does not reach the bottom by 1 m, but is completely submerged in water. This installation guarantees normal operation of the equipment.
Causes of failure and troubleshooting methods
If your pump begins to vibrate during operation or the tone of the noise it produces has changed, or pressure pulsations have appeared, then you need to contact a specialist. Perhaps it has malfunctioned. There can be many reasons for this; they are divided into several groups:
- Mechanical;
- Control systems;
- Hydraulics.
And although manufacturing defects are usually identified during the preparation and test run, this is not all. Some of them may appear after some time of use.
Example installation and diagram of a borehole pump:
In addition, during pump operation, certain parts wear out, such as bearings, sealing elements and rubber coupling parts. They lead to the changes described above.
Some of them can be fixed on your own. For example, if the housing is depressurized, disconnect the power supply and remove the electric motor from the housing. Next, take out the magnet and cut small grooves across its entire surface. It is then coated with sealant and placed back into the housing using a press. After drying, the pump is assembled and placed back into the well.
But since malfunctions can be very different and not all of them can be fixed at home, it is better to entrust this process to professionals.
To protect the well and equipment from external pollution, atmospheric phenomena and vandals, it must be properly equipped. Agree, comfort when using a water intake, servicing equipment and pipelines is as important as its safety. How to protect while ensuring ease of use?
For those who want to install a water well with their own hands, we will tell you how to do it correctly. We'll tell you which option is best to choose for your source. Here you will learn how to independently build a caisson for a well head, how to install an adapter, and also where to place the hydraulic accumulator.
Detailed description of methods and technologies for equipping personal hydraulic structure relies on regulatory documentation and the experience of well owners. The information presented for review is supplemented by visual diagrams, photo selections, and video tutorials.
After the well is drilled and before the water supply in the house is supplied from it, the source is arranged, the water supply equipment is selected and installed.
What problems does the installation of a water intake well solve:
- Ensuring the purity of the source. Do not allow contamination from the surface to enter the well: dust, rain or melt water.
- Protecting the water supply source, equipment and pipelines from freezing.
- Formation of conditions for connecting and servicing equipment.
Water supply equipment (except for a submersible pump) can be installed both in the house and next to the well. In the latter case, it is necessary to have a technical room of sufficient area at the wellhead where this equipment will be installed.
But even when installing it in a house, having a small room at the outlet of the pipeline from the well is very convenient; this greatly facilitates its maintenance. The insertion of a water pipe into the well, as well as the supply of power to the submersible pump, is also carried out at the construction stage.
The purpose of constructing a well is to protect the source of water supply from atmospheric influences, ensure the entry of communications, convenient installation and maintenance of equipment
Selection and installation of equipment for water supply
Equipment for individual water supply consists of the following elements:
- Pump, it can be submersible or located on the surface.
- Automation, which controls the operation of the pump and protects it from overloads.
- Hydraulic accumulator, open or closed (membrane tank). The latter is preferable, it ensures stable pressure in the water supply.
An open water storage tank must be installed at the highest point of the water supply system, in the attic or under the ceiling of the upper floor. A closed container has no restrictions on the installation location.
The main elements of water supply equipment for a private house from a well: pump, hydraulic accumulator, automation
The nature of the well arrangement is largely determined by the type and location of installation of the water supply equipment. Let's consider the main options for equipping the source with equipment.
Surface pump for shallow well
Only the suction hose is lowered into the well. Thus, the construction of the well and pump maintenance are simplified. In addition, the hose has a small diameter, which allows it to be used in so-called “Norton wells” (), where a submersible pump simply does not fit.
Pumping stations have only one, but very significant drawback. A surface pump is not able to lift water from great depths; for most models the limit is 8-10 m. This limits the scope of application of pumping stations to wells and shallow wells.
Due to the low lifting height, pumping stations with an overhead pump often have to be installed as close as possible to the wellhead. Otherwise, you will have to additionally overcome hydraulic resistance from the water source to the place in the house where the pump is installed.
Schematic diagram of water supply based on a complete pumping station with a surface-mounted pump. Used for shallow wells due to the low height of water rise
To lift water from wells more than 10 m deep, submersible pumps must be used. The right choice pump and determining its suspension height in the casing pipe is a separate and rather difficult issue.
Within the scope of the article, we only need to understand what additional equipment the pump is equipped with, how it is mounted and connected.
Image gallery
As we have already mentioned, the required elements of water supply equipment individual house- and control automation. In the case of a submersible pump, the lift height of which is several times greater than that of a surface pump, there are no restrictions on the installation location of the closed hydraulic accumulator.
The membrane tank and control can be placed quite far from the wellhead; the distance to the source has little effect on the operation of the system. An excellent place to place equipment is a dry and clean technical room in the house, in the basement or first floor.
Scheme of autonomous water supply based on a submersible pump. The membrane tank can be located at a fairly large distance from the well
Well protection from atmospheric influences
To protect the source and equipment from atmospheric influences and precipitation, a protected room is erected, placing it above the ground level or below the ground surface:
Option #1 - above-ground “house”-pavilion
At first glance, the easiest way is to install a small “house”-pavilion over the water intake structure. It can be deepened a little, like the entrance to a free-standing cellar, sprinkled on the sides with soil, making a kind of heap. This will reduce heat loss.
Similar pavilions are built over industrial wells. But you rarely see them in a private yard. The “house” takes up space on the site and clutters it up, which is also questionable from an aesthetic point of view. In addition, it is not easy to effectively insulate an above-ground pavilion.
A standard ready-made container-type pavilion, specially designed for installation above wells. A similar house can be made and well insulated on your own.
Option #2 - placing the source inside the building
An infrequently used, but quite rational technical solution for arrangement is placing a water source in the basement of a residential building or inside an insulated utility building, winter greenhouse, or greenhouse. By the way, this was a very popular technique in the old days for the construction of stone buildings.
The well and equipment under the roof are reliably protected from all atmospheric influences, thieves and vandals. Installation and maintenance work are simplified as much as possible. The equipment does not create vibrations; the noise consists of soft clicks when the relay is activated. But they are practically inaudible outside the technical room with the door closed.
However, placing a well in a house or an insulated outbuilding is rare. This is explained by the fact that to implement this option, you must first drill a well and then build a house over it. In our country, the vast majority of developers do the opposite.
The well was drilled and installed directly in the basement of a private residential building
Option #3 - underground caisson well
The most popular option for a protective room above a private well is a well. It would be correct to call it a caisson; this is an adequate technical term. The good thing is that it does not clutter up the area; on the surface we will only see a small hatch located level with the ground.
It is much easier to insulate an underground room than an above-ground one; moreover, its lower part, located below the freezing depth, is in the positive temperature zone in winter, receiving a certain amount of heat from the ground. The only problem is waterproofing. The caisson can be purchased ready for installation or built independently.
The factory caisson is completely ready for installation. All you need to do is dig a pit and lower the tank to the desired level. The caisson already has the necessary technological holes; all that remains is to introduce communications into them through sealed cuffs: water pipe and electrical cable.
An example of a design solution for a factory caisson. The finished product already has a hatch, a ladder, the necessary technological holes, equipped with seals
Finished caissons are made of steel or polymer materials. Metal containers are stronger, are not afraid of frost heaving, shock, and can be installed in problematic soils prone to displacement.
Installation of a steel caisson on a concrete base. Metal structures freeze, they need to be insulated especially carefully
Plastic caissons are not subject to corrosion and almost do not form condensation on inner surface. Unfortunately, factory caissons are not cheap. But they can be installed in a few hours, and waterproofing issues are reliably resolved.
Some manufacturers, equipping their well caissons with shelves, offer to use them “in combination” for storing seams. If the house does not have a basement or cellar, this is very convenient
It’s possible to build a caisson yourself. Most likely, it will cost significantly less than the factory one. Perhaps it will be stronger. However, you will have to spend a lot of time and effort. The simplest option is to bury a couple of reinforced concrete well rings in the ground, covering them with a lid and a hatch with a neck.
The bottom will have to be concreted. It is quite difficult to make reliable waterproofing. If you do it outside, it is better to use rolled bitumen material or high-quality mastic. However, you will have to dig a pit that is too large to have access to the walls of the well.
You can make insulation from the inside by carefully caulking the seams and coating the internal walls, bottom and “ceiling” of the caisson with a polymer-cement composition.
Concrete caisson-well made of rings with a diameter of 1.5 m with equipment already installed inside: a 100-liter membrane tank, a filter, automation
You can build a caisson on your own not only from factory rings. The structure can be monolithic, brick (you need well-burnt red brick), or you can use small-sized concrete blocks. A discontinued steel barrel will also work.
Dimensions of the well protection structure
What should be the dimensions of the caisson above the well? This depends on where the equipment will be installed. If in a house, the dimensions of 80x80 cm are enough for the installer to “turn around” when lowering the pump.
The internal dimensions of the caisson must, at a minimum, allow the installer to work safely
When placing a pumping station or a separate one in a caisson, we recommend adding 50 cm to the dimensions of the equipment on both sides (relatively front and side). It would be better, of course, if there was more space for servicing.
If we talk about concrete wells: the diameter of typical reinforced concrete rings is 90, 150 and 200 cm. 90 cm is the minimum possible size for a caisson without equipment, 150 cm for a structure with equipment of moderate dimensions.
In a round two-meter well, a fairly large individual pumping station or a hydraulic accumulator of 200 liters. The height of the caisson is the height of a person or two standard concrete rings.
Among the factory complete caissons, the choice of sizes is very wide; you can find an option for a well with equipment of various sizes
Let us also mention that in areas with severe winters, the bottom of the caisson should be located at least 15 cm below the freezing depth of the soil. It’s even better if its entire lower third is located in a non-freezing zone.
Insulation of the upper part is necessary; it is better to do it from the outside, but it can also be done from the inside. Any thermal insulation material that does not suffer from moisture will do; extruded polystyrene foam is ideal.
Ensuring the tightness of the casing pipe
Neither dust nor condensation formed in the caisson, nor, especially, rain and melt water, should get into the casing pipe of the well that supplies the house with drinking water. If this happens, harmful microorganisms from the surface may enter the clean underground source and “treating” it will be difficult and expensive.
To seal the well, attach the submersible pump and pass communications, use the factory head: it is relatively inexpensive and greatly facilitates the installation of equipment
To protect the source, a special steel cover is used, equipped with technological holes for passing communications and a reliable hook for hanging the pump. The head is selected according to the diameter of the casing; it has a rubber crimp collar that seals the casing pipe. The water pipe and electrical cable are also inserted through hermetic seals.
We do not recommend cutting the casing close to the caisson floor. It is better to leave a section 25-40 cm high above the concrete surface. Firstly, it will be more convenient to install a pump with a head. Secondly, if the caisson is slightly flooded, water will not enter the wellbore.
Image gallery
Using a Downhole Adapter
A pavilion or caisson provides the best protection for the water supply. However, both of these solutions are by no means cheap. If we are talking about a solid country house and a vast area, noticeable financial costs for well construction are undoubtedly justified.
But what should a developer who does not have an endless budget do and is building a poor rural house or a modest dacha? For installing a well in a dacha, there is an economical alternative solution -.
With its help, a water pipe coming from the house can be inserted directly into the well casing. No caisson is needed. True, if maintenance is necessary, the adapter will have to be dug up, because it is located in the ground. But the need for this rarely arises.
The downhole adapter is a collapsible fitting consisting of two parts: external and internal. The outer part is located outside the casing and serves to connect to the water pipe going into the house.
The pipe from the pump is connected to the corresponding internal part. Both parts of the adapter, connecting on the casing, have a radius shape that follows the diameter of the barrel. The elements are connected through a double hermetic seal.
The adapter is in the casing, inserted into a pre-drilled hole. When installing, carefully check the tightness of the connections.
The adapter must be placed below the freezing depth of the soil and installation must be carried out with special care. The casing remains on the surface of the ground, it is left protruding slightly above ground level. A cover is mounted on top into which an electric cable is inserted to power the submersible pump.
In severe frosts, the cold will penetrate into the well through the casing pipe. Therefore, if winter temperatures drop below -20 °C, we recommend covering the well for the winter with spruce paws, straw, or insulating it in another way.
The only significant advantage of the adapter over the caisson is its low cost. Among the disadvantages: the difficulty of servicing the equipment, poor protection from mechanical damage to the electrical cable, less reliable pump suspension (it is not supported by a cable, but only by a water pipe).
Construction using a borehole adapter. Both the adapter and the water pipe must be located below the freezing depth of the soil
And yes, water supply equipment can only be installed in the house. You can mount the adapter yourself, but you will need a special wrench with a long attachment, some technical skill and a lot of patience.
In conclusion, let’s say that the “cheap and cheerful” downhole adapter is really cheap. However, it cannot always be used and does not provide the same level of source protection and durability as a caisson.
We hope that from the above in general outline It’s clear how you can equip a well with your own hands.
Let us give our readers some useful tips:
- If the groundwater level in the area is high and located above the freezing depth of the soil, it is better to locate the protective room on the surface rather than underground. Or use an adapter.
- In a house with year-round use, try to place water supply equipment in the main building: plenty of space, warm and dry. It is convenient to maintain, the equipment will last longer.
- It is better to place equipment for a home with seasonal residence in an underground caisson. An unheated house will freeze, but the temperature in the caisson will remain positive. By the way, you need to remember to drain the water in the winter. country house, if they will not live in it for more than a week.
- In problematic soils (heaving, with inclusions of crushed stone with sharp edges, in quicksand), it is advisable to run the water pipe from the house to the caisson or adapter in a protective casing. Always place the electrical cable in a protective HDPE pipe.
- It is best to connect hydraulic equipment to the system through shut-off valves with detachable connections. If necessary, it will be easy to service or replace.
- Do not forget that, regardless of the type of equipment, the connection diagram must include a check valve after the pump and a coarse filter before the accumulator.
Among other things, during operation it is necessary to monitor the pressure level in the pneumatic element of the membrane tank. Check monthly and refill if necessary.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Finally, videos clearly showing the process of developing a source of underground water.
Video #1. The process of self-construction of an insulated caisson from concrete rings and introducing water supply into the house:
Video #1. Economical well development - self-installation of a well adapter:
Proper arrangement of a source of individual water supply guarantees excellent water quality and will eliminate problems with repair and periodic maintenance of well equipment.
It is now impossible to do without well pumps in most suburban areas. After all, it is wells in the modern society of summer residents or residents country houses give approximately 85% liquid.
1.1 Installation features depending on the type of pump
So, pumps that are created for ordinary household water supply are most often divided into (that is, internal) and surface. Directly submersible type pumps most often include well and borehole equipment. Interestingly, they are completely immersed in water during operation.
Their main function is to lift the required water from great depths. As for surface pumps, they are used to extract water from a relatively shallow depth (maximum depth is eight meters). They are installed only separately from the main source of water supply.
Many may try to do this, but if a centrifugal type device is required, difficulties may arise. Borehole pumps (in this case we are talking about their horizontal arrangement) are often used to draw water from various rivers or any other open types of reservoirs.
This option is perfect for people who do not have the opportunity to drill a well and whose water source is located far from home. In this case, you need to select a mechanism with high power ratings.
It is worth noting that well pumps have a number of quite significant advantages and advantages:
- Long service life;
- Very low noise level;
- Complete absence of rubbing parts;
- Ease of connection (even if you wanted to do it yourself);
- Significant depth of water intake, which is unacceptable for many other types and types of pumps.
If you decide to install a well pump yourself, then it is worth remembering that this process will require certain knowledge in this area.
The main thing is to install the centrifugal submersible pump carefully and competently, because all future use will depend solely on the correct arrangement of the equipment purchased or made by yourself.
Remember that an error during the installation of a pump, including a centrifugal or deep-well type, a violation of technology, as well as the use of cheap materials can lead to various negative consequences in the future. These include:
- Inability to lift the pump unit during dismantling;
- Premature failure;
- Breakage of communications of the pumping mechanism.
All this can lead to the impossibility of further connecting it, so a diagram can help here, which can tell you in detail how to do everything correctly.
If your well pump simply gets stuck, then its further use will be under serious threat, after which all organizational work on the construction and actual drilling of the well will have to start all over again.
2 Nuances and stages of installation of a well pump
So, after a careful and painstaking selection and purchase of the necessary devices, the subsequent installation of a well pump belongs to the second, very important stage of completing the well.
It is worth remembering that the pumping unit must be placed in the well you created below the water mark. But here it is important to measure one meter to the bottom so that during operation of your equipment there is no capture of soil and sand that has settled at the bottom. After a certain time, they can accumulate in large volumes in the well, or rather at its bottom.
For this reason, the immersion depth is extremely important, even when using a centrifugal or submersible pump. However, in most cases, the immersion depth is automatically adjusted by special automatic floats. In the event of a critical drop in the water level from the source, the float will immediately turn off the device.
For subsequent connection, a special plastic tube or hose is also carefully lowered into the well along with the pump. It is along it that the water subsequently rises. Next, the circuit is simple - the electrical cable is fixed for electric motor and, of course, a safety rope, which is placed on the head of the created well.
The water supply pipe and the protected one must be connected or brought into the house. To further seal the mouth of the created structure, a cap is used.
It is important to know that during the installation of water equipment it is worth ensuring in advance the organization of the so-called check valve. It is he who will perform the function of protecting the system from dangerous water hammer. If you need to ensure the autonomy of the entire system, the power supply cables can be connected to a hydraulic accumulator, which will generate the required energy.
The water supply from the caisson to the house must be laid in the ground in advance. The most important thing here is that it is below the freezing level, that is, at a depth of no less than 1.5 meters.
Before installing submersible pumping equipment, you should carefully clean the new well, pump out all the water, good preparation. If you are sure that the well is completely cleared of various excess particles, including sand, you can begin connecting.
The further scheme does not require special knowledge - the pump is lowered into the well, a special start-up protection mechanism is installed, and then the necessary regulatory processes begin.
2.1 Installing a well pump (video)
The question of the need for water plot of land V recent years is not considered, everyone understands that without life-giving moisture nothing living can exist. That is why own wells are an integral attribute of a modern landowner. All that remains is to decide who and how the work process will be carried out.
It is necessary to understand that an incorrectly installed pump will not only have a short service life, but can also compromise the integrity of the foundation of a nearby building.
Start of work
A well drilled on a site is only the first stage of water extraction. Then the landowner is faced with the next task of how to properly install the pump in the well.
The solution to this issue consists of several subparagraphs:
- Correct choice of units.
- Direct installation of pumps into the well.
- Equipment immersion depth.
Choosing a pump for a well
Buying a pump to supply water from a well to the surface is a crucial moment.
Therefore, several factors should be taken into account in order to avoid unpleasant surprises that entail replacing an unsuitable system:
- The diameter of the unit body must correspond to the internal diameter of the casing pipes (well walls), taking into account the fact that at the places where they are connected to each other, the diameter decreases somewhat.
Important! The frame of the system should not be pushed through with difficulty, but should freely sink into the casing pipes. With this choice, installing a well pump with your own hands will become a simple, not burdensome task.
- Only centrifugal borehole pumps should be considered; the use of vibration units is undesirable in wells, especially sandy ones. Don't be tempted by the fact that their prices are the lowest.
For your information! Wells drilled to the depth of perched water, groundwater or interstratal water are considered sandy.
- What matters is a technical parameter such as pump performance. The required performance depends on the planned amount of water consumed; the uninterrupted supply of water to your home and other outbuildings depends on it.
Related articles:
Technology for self-installation of a pump in a well
When all the equipment has been selected and purchased, the last question remains: how to install a well pump. Of course, you can invite professionals, they will equip your well with high quality and in the shortest possible time and put it into operation for you. But this service will cost you a lot, so many land owners prefer to handle this themselves.
Now a little instruction on how to install a pump in a well for those who decide to do this work themselves.
For clarity and ease of understanding of the installation process, consider the simplest scheme pump unit, which includes:
- The submersible pump itself is electrically driven.
- Clamps securing the power cable to the pipe.
- Mounting unit for the cable holding the pump (made of stainless steel).
- Power cable.
- Pressure gauge.
- Check valve.
- Shut-off device for regulating water flow.
- We install a nipple (adapter) for connecting pipes to the outlet pipe of the unit. Usually such an adapter is included with the pump. Otherwise, it must be purchased separately. A coupling is screwed onto the nipple.
- All threaded connections must be “seated” on the winding. Modern plumbers use FUM tape for this purpose, although some use tow the old fashioned way. However, to install borehole pumps, another winding material should be used - Tangit tape or flax fiber. To ensure the tightness of the joints, the flax fiber is coated with silicone sealant or other similar lubricant.
- Both metal and polypropylene pipes can be involved in the installation of a submersible pump. In any case, the recommended pipe diameter is at least 32 mm. Thinner pipes will limit the water flow.
Preparatory stage (pump piping)
The pipe connected to the pump should be as flat as possible to ensure smooth immersion of the equipment into the well.
After aligning the pipe, connect it to the pump.
Important! The main thing that should not be overlooked is the careful and reliable waterproofing of all connections, since the submersible pump is constantly in water. The reliability of waterproofing of electrical supply elements will extend the service life of heat-shrinkable tubes by covering them with heat-shrinkable sleeves.
- We connect the power cable and straighten it along the pipe.
- The stainless steel cable for lowering the pump into the well is securely attached to the mounting lugs and laid out like a cable, parallel to the pipe.
- We secure the electrical cable and cable in the pipe into a single route using clamps.
