In the last third of the 19th century, the main arena of colonial conquests. Presentation on the topic: Great Britain at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries Presentation on the topic England in the 19th century

"The Industrial Revolution in England" - the steamship "Clermont". A revolution in vehicles. Industrial revolution in England. Large industrial industry. mechanical spinning wheel "Jenny". Prerequisites for the industrial revolution. steam locomotive "Rocket". Features of the industrial revolution in other countries. James Watt's steam engine.

“Industrial Society” - What changes have happened to old cities? Industrialization. What points related to the concept of a city in modern times? Morse apparatus. Radio A. S. Popov. New classes and population groups. What caused the emergence of new cities? Industrial society. Urbanization. Radio G. Marconi. The decline of crafts caused an influx of labor Low wage Unemployment Demographic growth.

“Colonies of Britain” - In the non-settler colonies, old forms of exploitation persisted. In the last third of the 19th century, Africa became the main arena for Britain's colonial conquests. In the last quarter XVIII century, Great Britain experienced a serious crisis - the loss of 13 of its North American colonies. Enormous wealth was exported from the colonies, which contributed to the accelerated development of England.

“Frederick Wilhelm III” - The monument survived the war, but in the 50s it was sent for melting down. Already in her early youth, the princess was distinguished by her beauty and charm. Eldest son: Frederick William IV, King of Prussia from 1840 to 1861. The wedding took place in 1817. Alexander II is the son of Nicholas I and Charlotte of Prussia. In 1793 he married Louise, daughter of Prince Charles II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

"The Third Republic in France" - France: The Third Republic. "The Dreyfus Affair". Third Republic. France colonial empire. The Third Republic was proclaimed in France and existed until World War II. 1894 – Indictment 1906 – Complete acquittal. In 1875, pp. 170-171. Results of the war.

"Victorian era" - Exhibition halls. Queen Victoria. Lesson objectives: Develop intellectual skills. What can be said about the position of women in society? How can we explain this attitude towards women? Be able to actively perceive the material being studied. Crystal Palace - Crystal Palace. Lifestyle in the 19th century. Be able to analyze and summarize material.

There are 19 presentations in total

The Industrial Revolution began in England in the last third of the 18th century. For several decades in the cotton industry, one invention followed another, and the entire production process in this industry was restructured based on the introduction of machines. Gradually, the revolution spread to other sectors of light and then heavy industry, and a widespread transition from manufacturing to large-scale machine production began.

The spread of the universal steam engine was of enormous importance. The production of new means of production required large quantities of metal. The production of iron and steel and coal mining increased rapidly. With the transition to large-scale machine production, a material and technical base was created that corresponded to the needs of the capitalist mode of production. Large industry has taken a dominant position in national economy England.

During the period of the industrial revolution in England, a new distribution of productive forces took shape, the urban population increased at the expense of the rural population, and large factory towns emerged. The concentration of workers in cities completely broke their connection with the land; in large factory enterprises there was no trace left of the patriarchal relationship between owner and worker. The most important consequence of the industrial revolution was the formation of the industrial proletariat class. The exploitation of workers sharply increased, the antagonistic nature of the relations between the main classes of capitalist society, the bourgeoisie and the working class, emerged with unprecedented clarity. For the bourgeoisie, the new productive forces became a source of enormous enrichment, while the situation of the workers sharply worsened.

In order to maintain high prices for bread after the war, the government limited the import of foreign grain. A law passed in 1815 allowed the import of wheat only if its price reached high level eighty shillings a quarter. The Corn Laws were very beneficial to landowners, but for the working masses they meant new hardships. The industrial bourgeoisie was also opposed to the grain laws, since high bread prices made it difficult to reduce wages.

Despite the fact that the opposition between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat was already clearly expressed during the era of the industrial revolution, the bourgeoisie did not yet see in the proletariat a force that threatened its dominance. The bourgeoisie sought to use the dissatisfaction of the popular masses with the consequences of the industrial revolution to achieve their goals in the fight against landlords. The balance of power between the landowning class and the capitalist class changed in favor of the latter. The compromise of 1689, according to which political power remained in the hands of the aristocracy, no longer suited the industrial bourgeoisie, which moved to the forefront, pushing the trading and banking bourgeoisie into the background.

Having revealed the antagonistic nature of the relationship between the working class and the bourgeoisie, the industrial revolution simultaneously exposed the contradictions between the interests of the landowning class and the bourgeoisie. The contradictory interests of the industrial, commercial and financial bourgeoisie emerged much more clearly than before. Opposing the remnants of feudalism, the bourgeoisie pursued its own selfish interests, but since the remnants of feudalism hampered the development of the productive forces, the struggle of the bourgeoisie was progressive in nature. The most important ideological weapon of the bourgeoisie in this struggle was economic theories Ricardo.

The development of the transport system and communications gave an even more powerful impetus to the economic development of the entire country. Thus, metal production increased significantly from 68 thousand tons in 1788 to 250 thousand tons in 1806 and continued to grow in subsequent years. Heavy industry grew rapidly in the central counties of the country: Staffordshire, West Yorkshire, South Wales. Iron began to be used in a wide variety of areas. In 1779, the first iron bridge across the river was built. The Severn at Coalbrookdale, made entirely from cast iron parts (with a span of 31m and a water height of 12m). In 1787, A. Derby (the son of the inventor of a new method of smelting cast iron and the owner of the largest metallurgical plants) received a gold medal from the Society of Arts for the model of this bridge.

Slide 2

Lesson assignment

What allowed England to overtake other states in terms of development?

Slide 3

“Special path” of development for England

Historical process Revolution Evolution France from the 18th to the 19th centuries. 5 revolutions England from the 17th to the 19th centuries. Reforms Where and why was the greatest effect achieved?

Slide 4

The evolutionary nature of the development of England was largely explained by the presence in the country of a long-standing (since the 13th century) parliamentary tradition. The great powers of parliament made it possible to resolve emerging conflicts peacefully. Society was not interested in revolutionary ones (as in Europe), but in economic theories that offered real benefits. The building of the English Parliament A. Smith advocated complete freedom of enterprise. In his opinion, the state should protect the interests of its producers with reasonable customs and tax policies. David Ricardo believed that an entrepreneur has the right to unlimited profit, but it should not infringe on the interests of workers.

Slide 5

Industrial Revolution

Since the 17th century The use of machines begins in the country's economy. Remember what consequences this led to? In England, industry developed rapidly (over 100 years, in various industries, production growth rates ranged from 300 to 2000%). Steelmaking

Slide 7

Coal mine. England, early 19th century. Despite active participation in anti-Napoleonic coalitions, the rate of economic development did not slow down. By 1840, England produced 45% of the world's industrial output. But since the end of the 20s. XIX century Regular economic crises begin to occur in the country.

Slide 8

Political reforms and Chartism

Elimination of “rotten” towns The role of parliament in the life of the country was great. But because large quantity“rotten towns”, many areas did not have representatives in it. In 1832, parliamentary reform took place in the country, destroying the “rotten towns.” But only 12% of the country's adult population could vote.

Slide 9

In 1838, William Lovett drew up a Charter (a program for the struggle for universal suffrage): men from 21 years old can vote, the property qualification is abolished. In 1839, the Chartists collected 1.3 million signatures and submitted the Charter to Parliament, which rejected it. The Chartists are taking the Charter to Parliament Having split into supporters of “moral” and “physical” force, the Chartists continued the struggle. In 1842, 3.3 million signatures were collected, and in 1848 - 5 million, but both times parliament again refused to even consider the people's demands. The Chartist movement soon died out.

Slide 10

England - "workshop of the world"

Until 1870, the pace of industrial development, despite constant economic crises, was consistently high. Over 40 years, steel production increased 4 times, coal production 3.5 times. In England, new methods of steel smelting were invented, refrigeration units and other innovations appeared. England became the "workshop of the world." Steelworks in Manchester.

Slide 11

England - "workshop of the world"

At the 1851 World Industrial Exhibition, England's technical superiority was overwhelming. World Exhibition. London 1851. The main purpose of the exhibition was to show the achievements of the industry of European nations. 6.5 thousand representatives of European countries took part in it.

Slide 12

Bourgeoisie and proletariat

During the 19th century. England was the scene of clashes between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. Entrepreneurs, seeking to increase profits, tried to increase working hours and reduce wages. The number of workers grew rapidly. An acute conflict was brewing. G. Dore. London poverty. Engraving 1872

Slide 13

Child workers in England were paid rarely and little, but were punished often and heavily. Cheap labor of children and women was widely used.

Slide 14

Bourgeoisie and proletariat

As a result of a long struggle, the parties gradually came to a compromise. In 1830, night work for teenagers was banned and the working day for children was shortened. Since 1824, trade unions began to operate in the country. The working class became an active participant in the Chartist movement, defending their political rights. "Heroes of Manchester". (Dispersal of a workers' demonstration) in 1819. Cartoon.

Slide 15

All these measures reduced social tensions, but the standard of living of workers remained low. In order to avoid protests of a revolutionary nature, entrepreneurs found a cunning move: they divided the unity of the ranks of workers by paying relatively high salaries to qualified workers. A “labor aristocracy” emerged. Labor aristocracy

Slide 16

Results and significance of the Chartist movement The first workers' party was created.

Child labor is limited.

A minimum wage has been introduced.

After 1870, the high rate of development of the country slowed down. This was explained by the reluctance of the British to use new types of energy - electricity and liquid fuel. In trade, the Germans more accurately took into account the needs of the market. This led to the fact that in the late 19th century, England lost primacy to the USA and Germany. English town late XIX V.

Slide 18

Domestic policy

After the decline of the Chartist movement, the struggle for universal suffrage did not stop. The bourgeoisie was still very poorly represented in parliament. The question became especially acute in the mid-1860s. Liberal leader William Gladstone introduced a bill for electoral reform. But he was not supported and the party split. W. Gladstone

Slide 19

Benjamin Disraeli Conservatives led by Disraeli came to power. He unexpectedly supported his opponent. The reform of 1867 finally destroyed 46 “rotten” towns and lowered the property qualification. In 1885, W. Gladstone carried out the third reform, finally destroying the “small towns”. The number of voters increased to 13% of the population.

Slide 20

1906 - formation of the Labor (Labor) Party. David Lloyd George The traditional political parties, in order to seize the initiative from Labour, needed to come up with a program of sweeping reforms. In 1906 - 1916 Whigs were in power. Under David Lloyd George, laws were passed: on freedom of strikes; about the introduction 8 hours. working day; on the establishment of pensions for persons over 70 years of age; on health and disability insurance; on limiting the powers of the House of Lords (the right only to a two-time suspensive veto).

Slide 21

Foreign policy In the second half of the 19th century. England establishes: control over a significant part of Africa, Burma; introduces a protectorate regime over Egypt in 1882; in 1876, Queen Victoria is proclaimed Empress of India. Great Britain and its colonies by 1871 by 1914

Slide 22

Irish Home Rule Ireland was finally conquered by O. Cromwell. But the country waged a merciless war for the right of self-government - Home Rule. 1914 - Irish Home Rule Act passed. This was the year the First World War began. England wanted to participate in it, confident of internal stability.

Slide 23

Questions and tasks for self-control

Why in the 19th century? the main demand in English society was the demand for parliamentary reform? Name the main events of the Chartist movement. What are its results? Tell us about the “golden age” of industrial England. Why was it called the “workshop of the world”? Name the basic principles of England's foreign policy. Do you agree that in the middle of the 19th century. Has a complete parliamentary regime taken shape in England? Give reasons for your opinion.

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History of England

A group of history researchers presents the results of their work on the topic: “History of England.” George Orwell. We were looking for the answer to the following problematic issue: What are the historical stages of state formation? The purpose of our research: Results of our research: Throughout the history of its existence, England remembers many wars... We studied the CHRONOLOGY OF THE RULERS OF THE KINGDOM OF ENGLAND. We have identified the following periods of English history: By the Act of Union of 1707, England and Scotland merged into the Kingdom of Great Britain, with a common legislative assembly. In 1922, six Irish provinces seceded to form the independent state of Ireland. - History of England.ppt

England at the beginning of the 19th century

England in the first half of the 19th century. England is a constitutional monarchy. Early XIX century. 1830 – the Whig party comes to power. Reform Bill. Chartism is a movement for electoral reform. The Chartists are taking the Charter to Parliament. Chartist movement. Results of the Chartist movement. Reasons for the decline of Chartism. England is the “workshop of the world.” Queen Victoria (1819-1901). Victorian era. Beginning of the Victorian era. Foreign policy. British Empire. The process of modernization in England. - England at the beginning of the 19th century.ppt

Great Britain in the 19th century

Great Britain and its dominions. Lesson plan. What contributed to the economic rise and fall of England. Queen Victoria (1819-1901). "Victorian era". England. England is the “workshop of the world.” England's technical superiority. Bourgeoisie and proletariat. "Heroes of Manchester". Labor aristocracy. Economic difficulties in the 19th century. Domestic policy. Political parties in England. Suffrage. Gladstone carried out the third reform. Foreign policy. India. Canada, Australia, New Zealand- Dominions of England. - Great Britain in the 19th century.ppt

Briefly about Great Britain in the 19th century

Great Britain: end of the Victorian era. Blitz survey. Signs of imperialism. The share of the largest capitalist powers. Average annual rate of production development in 1870-1913. Fill out the diagram. "+" or "-". Military-political blocs. Which countries were part of the Triple Alliance and which were part of the Entente. Political parties in England. Reverse crossword puzzle. Dates in British history. Table of “thin” and “thick” questions. Draw a conclusion about the development of Great Britain in the second half of the 19th century. Sinkwine. - Briefly about Great Britain in the 19th century.ppt

Queen Victoria

Queen Victoria: a great queen of a great country. Relevance. Understand why an entire era in British history was called “Victorianism.” Hypothesis. Dates of birth and death. Queen's parents. Victoria is the last representative of the Hanoverian dynasty. Queen Victoria in her youth. Coronation of Queen Victoria. January 28, 1838. Victoria's marriage. Date of marriage. Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert. Queen's family. In her marriage to Albert, Victoria gave birth to nine children. Family life of the queen. Albert was a friend and advisor. Died at the age of 42. “The light has faded for me,” said the queen. - Queen Victoria.ppt

Victorian era

Lesson topic: Lifestyle in the 19th century. The form of the lesson is a television program competition. Lesson objectives: Develop intellectual skills. Be able to analyze and summarize material. Be able to highlight the main thing in historical events and phenomena. Be able to actively perceive the material being studied. Victorian era. Queen Victoria. Inventions in the Victorian era. Brothers Louis and Auguste Lumière. Filming a movie. Watch movie. Ten (10) short films were shown. First World Industrial Exhibition in London. 1851 Prince Albert. Queen Victoria. Crystal Palace - Crystal Palace. - Victorian era.ppt

End of the Victorian era

Great Britain: the end of the Victorian era (or the creation of the British Empire). Let's remember. England. Second quarter XIX V. Lesson tasks. Lesson Plan: Changes in the Economy Changes in political system Changes in the social environment. Changes in the political sphere. Parties. Party leaders. Benjamin Disraeli. William Gladstone. Electoral reforms. Conclusion: The reforms contributed to the creation of civil society and the rule of law in Great Britain. Strikes and walkouts. David Lloyd George. Prime Minister of Great Britain. Expansion of the colonial empire. Great Britain. - The end of the Victorian era.ppt

British Colonies

Project goal: In the last quarter of the 18th century, Great Britain experienced a serious crisis - the loss of 13 of its North American colonies. In the first half of the 19th century, the British colonialists completed the conquest of India. Australia and New Zealand were colonized, South Africa began to be colonized, and China was penetrated. In non-settler colonies, old forms of exploitation were preserved. In the last third of the 19th century, Africa became the main arena for Britain's colonial conquests. In the 1880-1890s. Great Britain established a de facto protectorate over Afghanistan. British Empire. - Colonies of Britain.ppt

Creation of the British Empire

Creation of the British Empire. Tasks. Terms. The second half of the 19th century was marked by the reign of Queen Victoria. Queen Victoria. Political parties. What are character traits conservatism and liberalism. Working with a document. The palace will not sleep peacefully as long as the hut is unhappy. Reforms in England in the second half of the nineteenth century. Reforms in England in the second half of the twentieth century. The reforms contributed to the development of civil society in England. In the 1830-1840s, the industrial revolution ends. England has become the "workshop of the world." World industrial production (in %). - Creation of the British Empire.ppt

Chartism

Tell us about Napoleon's domestic policy. England. Reform Bill. Chartism. The Electoral Reform Movement. Chartist revolt. 1838 – Chartist program (“People’s Charter”): Universal. Chartist demonstration. Clash of Chartists with troops. Chartist procession. Chartists are putting forward petitions. Economic development England. British foreign policy. The meaning of the position. - Chartism.ppt

Industrial society

Industrial society. New classes and population groups. Social issue. The decline of crafts caused an influx of labor Low wages Unemployment Demographic growth. Industrialization. Urbanization. Urbanization (from Latin urbanus - urban) is the process of increasing the role of cities in the development of society. What points related to the concept of a city in modern times? What caused the emergence of new cities? What changes have happened to the old cities? Morse apparatus. Invention by I. Gray and A. Bell. Radio A. S. Popov. Radio G. Marconi. - Industrial Society.ppt

Industrial revolution

Industrial revolution. Story. Traditional and industrial societies. Industrial society. Industrial revolution. XIX century - the end of the industrial revolution. Capitalism. Free competition Small, medium and large entrepreneurs. Free market. Unlimited competition. Monopolistic Dominance of large companies. Restriction of competition. Crises of overproduction. Monopoly capitalism. Cartel. Syndicate. Trust. Concern. Types of monopolies. Imperialism. Inventions. - Industrial Revolution.ppt

Industrial Revolution in England

Industrial Revolution. Industrial revolution in England. James Watt's steam engine. mechanical spinning wheel "Jenny". Prerequisites for the industrial revolution. Features of the industrial revolution in other countries. A revolution in vehicles. steamship "Clermont". steam locomotive "Rocket". Large industrial industry. - Industrial Revolution in England.ppt

Coup in England

Industrial revolution in England. The transition from manual labor to machine labor and from manufacture to factory. Industrial revolution. The establishment of capitalism in agriculture. Agrarian revolution. Rural bourgeoisie. Dependent peasants. Wage-earners. Feudal lords. Make a diagram of “Conditions of the Industrial Revolution in England.” Draw a diagram of the Golden Triangle. Chronology of the Industrial Revolution in England. Capitalism. A society based on private property and wage labor. The Industrial Revolution began with the invention of working machines. Hand-drawn spinning machine. Flying Shuttle J. - Coup in England.ppt

Industrial Revolution

Industrial revolution in England. By the middle of the 18th century, England became a leading capitalist country. The beginning of the Industrial Revolution is associated with the invention of an efficient steam engine. Causes of the industrial revolution in England. Textile industry. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain began with textile industry. The invention of the flying shuttle in 1733 increased the demand for yarn. Weaving mill in Reddish, UK. Hand-drawn spinning machine. Spinning wheel "Jenny". In 1784, Henry Court developed the puddling process. The construction of canals began to allow the transportation of coal and metals. - Industrial Revolution.ppt

Years of the Industrial Revolution

Industrial revolution. Innovation. The transition from manual labor to machine labor and from manufacture to factory. The establishment of capitalism in agriculture. Rural bourgeoisie. Dependent peasants. Wage-earners. Feudal lords. Chronological table "Industrial Revolution in England". Flying shuttle. In 1730 the loom was improved. Mechanical spinning machine. Spinning Jenny. In 1765 J. Hargreaves, struggling with the competition of cheap Indian fabrics, built a mechanical spinning wheel. Labor productivity increased 20 times. Steam engine. The working fluid in such machines is water vapor. - Years of the Industrial Revolution.ppt

Industrial Revolution in England

Industrial revolution in England. New story. Lesson plan. Questions. 1.Changes in English society. Small owners disappeared, turning into tenants and farm laborers. Efficiency Agriculture has grown sharply. Drill by Jethro Tulla. England 18th century. At the same time, the industrial appearance of England changed. In England, monopolies were abolished and the free opening of factories was introduced. First cast iron bridge at Coalbrookdale (1790). Spinning Jenny. The growth of overseas trade contributed to the development of manufacturing. In 1765 J. Text Textile factory. Engraving from the 17th century. Textile factory. - Industrial Revolution in England.ppt

Industrial Revolution and its consequences

The Industrial Revolution and its consequences. Industrial revolution and changes in society. Echelons of modernization. Modernization. Paths of development of capitalism. Imperialism. Prerequisites for production renewal. The appearance of a car. Source of energy. The first heavy English tank. Assembly line. Economic crises. Consequences of crises. Signs of imperialism. Monopoly. Merger of banking and industrial capital. The predominance of capital export. Creation of international monopolistic unions. Territorial division of the world. Social consequences of industrialization. - Industrial revolution and its consequences.ppt

Consequences of the Industrial Revolution in England

The era of free competition capitalism. Contents and consequences of the industrial revolution for the world economy. Technical innovations. Creation of a more advanced harness. In the XVI-XVII centuries. the number of literate people is increasing. The market mechanism creates conditions for increasing labor productivity. The formation of capitalism in Western Europe. England is the birthplace of the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution began in light industry. In 1784, J. Watt created a steam engine. The steam engine began to be used in transport. Export of English cotton goods. -