A late and tasty variety of November pear. Features of the November pear variety Late November pear description of the variety

Pear is one of our favorite fruits. This fruit has gained such popularity due to its unpretentious nature. It does not require special care and easily adapts to any weather conditions. This fruit has a wide variety of varieties.

One of the varieties of this wonderful fruit is the November pear. This variety is characterized by a number of advantages. November pear varieties produce high-quality and tasty fruits. As evidenced by the description of the pear variety. Owners of these fruit trees are invited to learn more about this variety.

Description of the November variety

The history of the creation of this variety dates back to the middle of the 20th century. The first trees were bred by breeders Far East. This variety was developed as a result of combining Dekanka Zimnyaya and the Ussuri type of pear. By 1974, the hybrid tree began to be grown in harsh temperature conditions, in Primorye and the Amur region. These data characterize this variety as an exceptional and exemplary hybrid that is able to cope with high frost climates. At first, the November winter pear was planted on elevated terrain, but over time, many years of testing revealed that this tree adapts well to any surface. Today, pear seedlings can be grown in any area, and the November yield does not suffer from this in any way. This pear variety combines several variations.

One of the variety options is the Moldavian or winter type of pear, which is considered an indicative variety. Such fruit trees have become known since 1950. The pear tree grows very tall. Characteristics of the November pear variety has wide, pyramidal and rounded foliage. The branch is skeletal in nature, sprouting from the trunk itself. Therefore, it has frequent branching. The shoots of this pear variety are greenish-burgundy in color. They have a dense structure. The fruits are located on a two or three year old tree. Pears of this variety have the appearance of a simple ringed or short rod. The leaves of this fruit have a round or oval, dense and elongated shape. They are medium in size. The leaves are entire or finely serrated along the edges. They are different in color; they are dark green at the top and light green at the bottom. Omission is not typical for them.

Beneficial substances contained in November pear:

• High sugar content, reaching almost 11 percent;
• They have a titratable acid composition of 0.9 percent;
• Contains tannins, which make up 0.5 percent;
• They also provide pectin substances, which make up 0.4 percent.

Tips for planting and growing November pear seedlings

It is necessary to plant November pear seedlings in the spring or autumn months. It should be remembered that this action must be carried out before frost. The first year of planting does not require pruning of shoots. This type of treatment is only necessary once every two to four years. In order for the yield to be of higher quality and useful, it should be fertilized with a potassium solution and a 0.4% urea mixture. The November pear begins to bear fruit after two or three years. This happens after planting the seedlings. But for a large harvest you need to wait up to five years. This pear tree is capable of producing regular harvests. Pear production is annual and plentiful.

Also necessary conditions for growing this variety of pears are the following factors:

• A pear tree requires a large lighting area. This factor contributes best to the young tree. The light allows the November pear to warm up and develop. To do this, seedlings should be planted in the southern part of the area;
• It is necessary to protect the plant from drafts. This action prevents the pear from freezing in winter. It is necessary to plant pear trees in a protected area, sheltered from strong winds.
• It is necessary to lay an aquifer deep into the soil, almost 1 meter in size. The root system of the pear tree does not tolerate contact with moisture. To protect the roots from unfavorable contact with water, plant the pear tree on a hill and dry the hole in which you will plant the plant.

Advice. An important point is the preparation of the pit in advance. In the autumn, it should be prepared two to three weeks before planting.

The best soil for planting is black soil. It is rich in elements for better plant cultivation. Garden and field lands are suitable for this. In poor sandy soils, fertilizing with organic humus is a smart solution. This can be done using fertilizer or composted household waste. Weeds collected from the area can be used for this purpose. Soil fertilized in this way best attracts worms. In turn, the worms help the expansion of soil microorganisms and enable their active work.

The benefit is also to help and maintain optimal soil structure. It is important that with the reasonable use of natural developments, you can limit the use of expensive fertilizers, which can settle in human organs and be negatively reflected by nitrites and methemoglobins. When selecting seedlings, you should remember that their best survival rate and guarantee is to purchase them in a plastic, fertilized tray. This case prevents digging, which damages the root system.

Advice. The plants that best adapt are seedlings that have a bare root system, which were acquired in the early months of spring or autumn.

So, the landing process itself:

• The first step is to prepare the ground. To do this, you should carefully remove all weeds. It is important to get rid of perennials;
• The landing pit should be prepared;
• Handle the pears in the correct manner. An important factor in good transshipment is maintaining the unity of the soil coma;
• When planting seedlings, an open root system. In this case, the roots should be distributed in the ground for further filling;
• Then you should fill the hole. For this operation the best option considered to be the fertile layer. When digging, the compacted soil should be trampled along the root system. To dig a hole, you will need at least two people. One must hold the tree and the other dig the hole;
• The next step is to organize a circle that will be located near the trunk. To do this, dig a hole on the filled soil with a trunk, in the form of a circle, which is located near the trunk. Thus, excess moisture will be retained during the rainy season and during irrigation;
• Watering after planting. A newly planted plant will require a high water content;
• Regularly ventilate the soil and maintain its moisture. To do this, loosen and fertilize the hole after absorbing moisture;

Advice. Pollination is necessary for this variety, since this type of pear is sterile.

The pollinator in this case serves:

• Summer Williams variety;
• Pollinating variety of goverla;
• The bug's favorite pear;
• Fruits of the conference.

Pollination is important point, for further cultivation of the plant.

Seedlings of this pear variety are demanding when it comes to feeding. It must be done with fertilizers that contain nitrogen. This is a necessary condition for proper growth and formation of thick foliage, for a further abundant harvest. Nitrogen should be applied initially in May. Then at the beginning of summer time. In some cases, it is enough to add nitrogen in the last month of spring. In the fourth year, nitrogen-containing fertilizer must be reduced to further stimulate the harvest.

In the future, you should choose the necessary methods and scale of fertilizing depending on the condition of the tree and the type of soil. November pear has increased immunity to various pests and fungi. In rare cases, the plant is affected by diseases. In case of illness, the pear is treated in various ways, depending on the degree of infection. Copper sulfate, garden varnish, and various preparations for getting rid of fungi are used as medicines.

November pear is the best variety, for a high-quality, tasty and healthy harvest. Proof of which is the obligatory collection of fruits during ripening.

Pear is a fruit whose taste is familiar to almost everyone since childhood. Jam or compote, freshly picked ripe pear or any other dish with it - all this gives incredible pleasure when eaten. In this article we will talk about the most delicious variety of this fruit, its cultivation characteristics and the best recipes.

History of variety development

November pear is a pear variety that ripens quite late, namely in the fall. It is worth noting that the birthplace of this pear is Primorye, which is characterized by a rather harsh climate. The November pear variety is also called Winter or Autumn Moldova. This variety was bred in 1950 as a result of crossing two types of pears - Ussuri and Winter Deccan. The first is famous for its hardiness and ease of care, and the second, originally from Belgium, has an incredible aroma and sweet taste.

Thanks to the careful work of breeders, it was possible to develop a variety that can be grown in almost any region. The author of this breeding was the famous scientist A.V. Bolonyaev, who in 1958 submitted the Noyabrskaya pear variety to State tests. And already in 1974, this type of pear was widespread throughout the Far East.

November pear: description of the variety

The trees of this pear are most often quite tall, but it all depends on the growing region. For example, in the homeland where the variety was bred, the trees are not very tall, which makes it possible to bend the branches to the ground for the winter and wrap them tightly against frost. The more favorable the climate, the taller and more spreading the November pear tree will be. The description of the shoots can be described as: quite elastic, geniculate and thick, greenish, and sometimes burgundy color. most often round or pyramidal. The leaves are deep green on the outside and slightly whitish on the inside. One of the main advantages of this variety is: increased resistance to both frost and scorching sun, as well as regular fruiting. The fruits on the branch are preserved very well, even in strong gusty winds or other situations.

November pear: description of the fruit

In the first years after the development of this variety, the size and weight of the resulting fruits were quite small - about seventy grams. But over the course of several years, after successful acclimatization in warmer regions, it became possible to obtain fruits weighing up to three hundred grams. The shape of the pear is not particularly symmetrical; there are grooves and slight ribbing. The skin is a fairly pale green color, with a slightly browned side, which received the most sun.

During storage it turns yellowish and appears large number brown dots. The incredible sweet and sour taste of the white juicy pulp will not leave any pear lover indifferent. Obtaining the first fruits is possible already in the second or third year after planting. This variety is also popular due to its excellent long-term storage ability: it is perfectly preserved in the refrigerator until the end of December, and in the freezer throughout the winter.

How to choose seedlings for planting

To purchase seedlings, it is better to choose a trusted nursery or experienced gardeners. When choosing seedlings, focus on the condition of the root system. There should be no damaged or too dry roots. Remove leaves from the seedlings, as this will help prevent the tree from drying out at first. It is best to purchase seedlings with a closed root system, since such plants tolerate the planting process much easier, which, by the way, can be carried out at any time of the year.

Appetizing fruits

Despite the rather uneven shape and inconspicuous color of the fruit, a photo of the Noyabrskaya pear evokes an appetite even at just one glance. We invite you to admire the juiciest shots!

Reviews about the variety

Basically, all the reviews you hear about the November pear will be positive. Unpretentiousness in care, stable and high-yielding fruiting, excellent transportability, an incredible ability to withstand any vagaries of weather and, of course, incredibly tasty long-lasting fruits - all this is a reason to speak only well of the November pear. Moreover, thanks to all these advantages, even a completely inexperienced gardener who does not have the necessary skills and proper time to care for trees can grow this pear on their own plot.

Pear care

Tree fertilization is carried out according to a completely standard system. At the beginning of spring, nitrogen-containing fertilizers are more relevant; during flowering and the appearance of ovaries, add a little more potassium, but in the fall the best fertilizer there will be superphosphate. Remember that the pear loves water very much, and sometimes rainwater is not enough, so additionally water the tree with water, which will help protect it from various pests.

Despite the excellent resistance of pears to fungal diseases, there are still pests that will have to be fought a little. The most common are: pear moth, green aphid and pear honeymoth. You can get rid of aphids only by completely destroying the ants that carry them. To do this, simply pour boiling water thoroughly over all nearby anthills. If you follow all these simple requirements, then in four, or even three years, you will get your first harvest.

Delicious recipes for baking and other dishes with November pear

You can surprise your guests with a rather interesting and, most importantly, quick-to-prepare recipe for puff pastries with pear and goat cheese. To do this, you will need ready-made defrosted puff pastry, pears, goat cheese, thyme, a little honey and an yolk for greasing. Place sliced ​​pears and cheese on a rolled out square of dough, lightly season with thyme and drizzle with honey. Protect the pie in any shape convenient for you, brush with egg and place in a preheated oven. These pies are best eaten hot, when the melted cheese combines with the pear and crispy puff pastry.

A slightly unusual use for pears is cooking meat using it. You can add a piquant flavor to regular pork by frying the steaks with ripe pear, rosemary and red onion in olive oil. Don't forget to salt and pepper the meat to your taste.

If you are already tired of the standard Olivier and vinaigrette, the same November pear will come to the rescue in diversifying the salad menu. Fry a few strips of bacon in butter and remove them to a napkin to remove excess fat. Meanwhile, fry the pear slices in the remaining oil in the pan. Arrange pears, pieces of bacon, blue cheese and walnuts on a serving plate. Pour over everything with a sauce consisting of wine vinegar, olive oil and grainy mustard. Sprinkle finely chopped herbs on top.

And, of course, dessert! One of the most popular recipes recently is pear ricotta. To prepare it, you will need a springform pan, the bottom of which must be covered with baking paper or parchment. Grease it with butter and sprinkle with brown sugar, then place it in a preheated oven for the caramelization process. After fifteen minutes, remove the pan from the oven and place seventy grams of butter cut into pieces on top of the caramel. Next, lay a layer of pear slices and set the mold aside.

At this time, prepare the dough: beat half a glass of sugar and one hundred and fifty grams butter, add one large egg and one hundred grams of ricotta cheese. Next, add a glass of flour with ten grams of baking powder and a small amount of lemon zest. Mix thoroughly until the lumps disappear and place the dough in the mold, on top of the pears. The baking time will take about an hour; the finished pie must be turned upside down. Bon appetit!

One of the most favorite fruits after apples is the pear. Thanks to its ease of care and climate resistance, the pear has become widespread. This fruit tree has a wide variety of varieties, one of which is the November pear. This pear has a number of characteristics that make it stand out from the rest.

Noyabrskaya pear has several names, namely it is also called November Moldova or Winter. It is a reference variety. This species was developed as a result of crossing the Dekanka Winter and Ussuri pears. This fruit tree has been known since 1950.

The tree grows quite tall, has a wide pyramidal and rounded crown. Skeletal branches grow from the trunk at an angle of 900. Dense branching is characteristic. Its shoots are greenish-burgundy in color, rather thick and geniculate. Fruit formations develop on two- or three-year-old wood and look like simple ringlets or shortened twigs.

You can see what this variety looks like in this photo.

The leaves are round or oval in shape, but at the same time dense and elongated. They are of medium size. Their edge is solid or finely serrated. The color of the leaf blade is different: it is dark green above and light green below. Omission is not typical.

Planting of seedlings should be done in spring or autumn (but only before frost). During the first year, after planting, it does not require pruning. Light rejuvenation by pruning should be carried out once every two to four years. To increase the size and volume of fruiting, it is necessary to fertilize with potassium fertilizers and a 0.4% urea solution.

Fruiting begins at two to three years after the seedling is planted. But it begins to bear fruit en masse only in the fifth year. Regular yield is typical. It is annual and abundant (on average about 70 c/ha). The fruits are formed in different sizes and their weight ranges from 70 to 360 g (weight depends on the care and climatic characteristics of the growing area). Their shape is ovoid. Pears are unequal and ribbed, with deep grooves. The peel has a yellowish-green color with a characteristic burgundy blush, and numerous light brown dots are also visible under the skin. It is dense in consistency. When harvested, the fruit has a greenish tint, and when ripe it turns pale yellow. The blush forms on the sunny side. The funnel is shallow and narrow. The upper base is blunt at the bottom and has a slight depression. The base below is blunt, slightly uneven and has a cut-off appearance. The pear is divided by veins into unequal slices. The peduncle is thick and curved, the length, like the width, is medium, and has a dark brown color. The calyx is narrow and small. Sepals are sparse and narrow, directed to the sides. Pulp white, buttery and juicy. It has a pleasant aroma and a pronounced sweet and sour taste. The taste is similar to the fruits of the Noyabrskaya krasavitsa pear.

It is considered a late autumn or early winter variety. Pears ripen at the end of September, October or early November. They do not fall even during the monsoon rains. The fruits become suitable for consumption a month after ripening. In a cool place they can last until December-January, and in the freezer until the end of winter (there were cases when they were preserved until April). After defrosting, the taste is preserved. They make excellent jams, compotes, jams and dried fruits. Thanks to this, this variety has many positive reviews.

Pears of this variety contain the following substances: sugar (10.8%), tannins (0.5%), titratable acids (0.9%), pectin substances (0.4%).

The November pear is distinguished by early fruiting. Excellent combination with quince rootstocks has been described.

Pollinators for the November pear are summer Williams, Hoverla, Klappa's Lyubimitsa, Conference.

The November pear has increased resistance to many fungal diseases and scab. The degree of immunity to fire blight is also very high. It is characterized by high winter hardiness, especially of the root system. Winter hardiness is constant when growing at higher elevations.

This fruit tree can be found in almost all EU countries, Belarus, Ukraine and Russia.

Video “Noyabrskaya Pear”

In this video you can clearly see the parameters and characteristics of this tree.

Advantages and disadvantages

Like any other variety of any fruit tree, the November pear has both advantages and disadvantages.

The advantages of gardeners include:

• excellent taste characteristics of the fruit;
• well suited for various preservations;
• good yield;
• stability in fruiting;
• the harvest volume is quite high;
• strong fastening of fruits;
• duration of storage of pears;
• During storage, positive taste qualities are preserved, as well as juiciness and elasticity;
• transportability;
• high frost resistance;
• high burn resistance.

In addition to such a suggestible list of positive advantages, the November pear has only minor disadvantages:

• fruits can be formed both large and small;
• The appearance of pears is inexpressive.

Due to its excellent characteristics, the Noyabrskaya pear is a very popular variety. And high winter hardiness and low susceptibility to fungal diseases will give a head start to many other varieties.

Pear "Noyabrskaya" is autumn early fruiting variety, which has been grown in Russia since the second half of the 20th century.

The variety is quite in demand among gardeners.

Fruits of "Noyabrskaya" They can be stored for a very long time, they are juicy and tasty and are good in compotes, marmalade, jams, preserves, confitures and dried form.

Autumn varieties also include:, and.

History of selection and region of breeding

"Noyabrskaya" was developed by the Far Eastern Research Institute agriculture. The author of the variety is breeder A.V. Bolonyaev.

Scientist crossed wild frost-resistant Ussuri pear with a variety from Belgium " Dekanka winter”, as a result of which he received a very hardy pear called “Noyabrskaya”.

Gardeners often confuse the two different varieties: pear “Noyabrskaya” and “Noyabrskaya winter” - in this article you will see a description of the pear “Noyabrskaya”, an autumn variety.

It was first described in 1950, transferred to the state nursery for testing in 1958, and recommended for cultivation in 1974. in the Far East.

Most often, “Noyabrskaya” can be found on south of Khabarovsk and along the entire coast of Primorsky Krai. Thanks to high winter hardiness, the “Noyabrskaya” pear is successfully grown in middle latitudes of Russia, as well as in the southern regions of Western Siberia.

The following pear varieties do well in this region:, and.

Pear "Noyabrskaya": description of the variety and photo

The pear variety "Noyabrskaya" is vigorous tall tree with a pyramidal crown, the description of the tree differs greatly from the fruits, since they are small, as you can see in the photo below.

The skeletal branches of the pear are prone to dense branching and grow upward.

The fruits are formed on two- and three-year-old branches, which are shortened twigs and simple ringlets. The bark of the branches is colored greenish-burgundy.

Pear leaves have an elongated oval shape with a pointed tip and slightly jagged edges. The upper part of the dense leaf blade is dark green, and the lower part is light green.

Variety "Noyabrskaya" cannot boast of large fruits. Their weight ranges from 64 g to 74 g. Pear shaped ovoid with pronounced ribbing and most often slightly unequal. The fruits of “Noyabrskaya” are characterized by blunt, as if cut, lower base.

The top with irregularities and a small depression is also slightly beveled. The main color of the fruit is light green with a yellowish tint. On barrels facing the sun, a light burgundy blush usually appears.

The white flesh of the November pear is juicy and slightly oily. Its taste is sweet and sour and very pleasant, with a remarkable fragrant aroma. In terms of sweetness, “Noyabrskaya” is not inferior to many popular varieties - quantity It contains at least 10.8% sugars.

Take a closer look at the “Noyabrskaya” pear in the photo below:

Watch the video in which you will see what the fruits of the November pear look like.

Characteristics

High and stable yield- one of the many advantages of the variety.

When tested in state nurseries, 54.8 c/ha were collected from trees of the Noyabrskaya variety at the age of 9 years, 90.6 c/ha at the age of 10 years, and the highest the yield was 212 c/ha.

Excellent productivity is also demonstrated by, and.

The variety is early-fruiting and begins to produce crops in the 3rd or 4th year of life.

5 years after planting, the pear bears fruit in full force.

A faster start to fruiting can be achieved by using the Quince VA-29 rootstock.

The variety is self-sterile. The best pollinators of the “Noyabrskaya” pear are autumn varieties, along with the flowering pear Oktyabrskaya or Yablokovidnaya, etc.

Pears of the “Noyabrskaya” variety ripen in late September. However, they acquire their wonderful taste only a month after harvest.

It's worth saying that The fruits stick very tightly to the tree and do not fall off even in strong winds. In addition, they have good keeping quality and are perfectly preserved until the New Year, and sometimes a little longer.

Although “Noyabrskaya” is considered a cold-resistant variety, in climate zones with harsh winters it can freeze, so it needs good insulation.

In the Amur region This variety is mainly grown in stale form, which makes it much easier to protect it from too low winter temperatures.

Pear varieties have excellent frost resistance:, and.

Planting and care

For landing it is desirable choose two-year-old pear seedlings.

Particular attention should be paid when purchasing roots - they must be well developed.

The planting time can be as follows: spring and autumn.

Pears prefer to grow on dry and open places with loamy or sandy soil.

On sandy soil, their productivity decreases, and on overly moist soils, pear trees die.

Groundwater must be located at a depth at least 2.5 meters. The pear tree does not tolerate shade, so it is advisable to plant it at a distance at least 4 meters from tall buildings.

The planting pit must be prepared in advance: for autumn planting - 14-15 days in advance, for spring planting - from autumn. The depth of the hole for a vigorous “Noyabrskaya” pear should be at least 1 or even 1.2 m, and a diameter of at least 80 cm. The planting pattern for vigorous trees is 4 by 5 m.

When preparing a hole, the top layer of soil is thick from 30 to 40 cm folded separately. It is used to prepare a fertile mixture.

In addition to the top turf layer, three buckets of manure or vegetable humus, about two buckets sand, no more cups of superphosphate, about three tablespoons potassium sulfate.

If the soil on the site is acidic, add one and a half kilograms to the fertile soil lime. The nutrient mixture is thoroughly mixed, the hole is filled two-thirds with it and left until planting.

Before planting, a peg is driven into the hole (30 cm from the center). Then a mound is formed at the bottom, a seedling is placed on it and all the roots are carefully straightened to the sides.

Next, the hole with the installed tree is covered with earth, not forgetting that the root collar should be located 4 or 5 cm above the soil surface. The earth is good compact and spill with 3 or 4 buckets of water.

To do this, an earthen groove is formed along the contour of the pit for irrigation. Next, the area around the seedling mulch with peat, sawdust or humus, and the tree itself is tied to a peg using the figure eight method.

Young, not so long ago planted pears are watered on average 4 times a month. A bucket of warm water is enough for each tree. Mature pear trees do not need frequent watering, since their strong root system grows deep and is able to obtain water for itself.

The first watering is carried out in the spring before the buds swell, second- in late spring or early summer, after the pear blossoms. With the beginning of leaf fall, third watering. For one tree at the age of 3 to 4 years, at least 6 buckets of water are required.

The amount of water for an older pear is - 3 buckets per 1 square meter of area under the crown. Sprinkling is considered the best way to water a pear.

Important! The pear tree trunk should be kept clean and protected from weeds throughout the season. Also, the ground around the pear needs to be regularly loosened and mulched.

You can start feeding a pear in the 2nd or 3rd year of its life.

Every two or three years, organic matter should be added in the form of mullein or slurry.

Pear trees are fed in spring nitrogen fertilizers , and in the fall - phosphorus-potassium.

Formative pruning of the “Noyabrskaya” pear is carried out immediately after planting. All branches are shortened by a third. Further, throughout its life, the tree needs sanitary and rejuvenating pruning.

Every spring the crown is thinned out, dry, diseased and damaged branches are removed. Two-year-old shoots are also shortened and three-year-old fruit-bearing branches are pruned. It is important to always maintain the leading position of the central conductor.

If the branch is completely removed, it is undesirable to leave stumps, as they impede wound healing. When pruning pear trees, no more than 25% of all branches should be removed so as not to subject the tree to severe stress.

In regions with cold winters, the “Noyabrskaya” pear can freeze slightly and therefore needs protection.

Tree trunk circle for the winter they are mulched with a thick layer of earth or horse humus.

The trunk is wrapped in insulating material and then covered with pine spruce branches or mesh to protect against rodents.

Diseases and pests

Variety "Noyabrskaya" resistant to fungal diseases and even to such a common pear disease as

To prevent pests, Pear trunks and skeletal branches are cleared of old bark. Plant residues and carrion are removed from the site in the fall.

These agrotechnical measures help destroy wintering nests and egg-laying pests. To collect pear codling moth caterpillars, trapping belts are installed on the lower parts of the trunk.

With a large number of pests, unfortunately, insecticides cannot be avoided. To destroy insects dangerous to pears, several treatments are carried out (3 to 5 times per season).

Trees Spray 1 or 2 times at the moment of swelling of the buds, once - before flowering and after flowering, a couple of weeks after flowering and in the fall. The number of treatments can be increased if the pear is protected from insects that produce two generations over the summer.

Against aphids, pear honey worms, leaf rollers, weevils and other sucking and leaf-eating insects Sumi-Alfa, Karbofos, Calypso, Iskra, Tsitkor, Fury, Kinmiks, Aktara, Decis, Agravertin are effective.

Against gall mite use “Colloidal sulfur”, “Fito-verm”, “Demitan”, “Agravertin”, “Nearon”.

Such important qualities for pears as good keeping quality of the fruit and resistance to fungal diseases distinguish “Noyabrskaya” from other varieties.

By planting it on your plot, you will be able to enjoy high yields of healthy fruits every year and enjoy them even in winter. new year holidays.

Useful video

Watch a video about the pear variety “Noyabrskaya”:

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There are more than fifty types of pear, each differing in taste, aroma, and agricultural technology. Let's consider one of the outstanding varieties of “melting” tender pear - Noyabrskaya, which can be grown in the garden of almost any region of Russia.

Description of pear variety Noyabrskaya

Noyabrskaya pear is a standard variety. Such an assessment means that perfection has been achieved in almost all characteristics. Noyabrskaya was bred by A.V. Bolonyaev in 1950 by crossing two popular varieties: Ussuriyskaya and Dekanka Zimnyaya.

The “parents” of the Noyabrskaya pear were distinguished by many positive qualities, but both varieties also had significant disadvantages, which were covered by crossing.

Appearance, description, characteristics of fruits

The tree of this variety has a significant height - the maximum height of an adult plant is about 3–3.5 m. The crown is formed in the form of a pyramid or takes on a rounded elongated shape. Powerful skeletal branches extend from the trunk at right angles, creating a large radius of growth.

A distinctive feature of Noyabrskaya is its excellent winter hardiness. This variety does not freeze even at -40 0 C. Noyabrskaya is zoned in the Far Eastern region, but grows well throughout Russia. A nice bonus is that a variety that is resistant to low temperatures will produce even more yield in regions with warm climates.

The leaves are bright, juicy green in color, slightly larger than average in size (5–8 cm), quite dense, thick, elongated or round in shape, smooth, with a pronounced capillary pattern and thick veins on the reverse side.

The November pear ripens at the end of September. Fruits can be collected earlier, especially in areas with a sharply continental climate, so that the fruits do not freeze. They ripen already at home. In the southern regions, harvesting can be done much later, at the end of November. The fruits are quite strong, stick well to the tree, even heavy rains cannot damage or knock down the pears.

The November pear has medium-sized fruits, their average weight is about 70 g (in rare cases up to 120 g). The shape of the fruit resembles a drop; the surface is slightly ribbed and furrowed. The fruits are not equilateral. At technical maturity, pears acquire green with a reddish-burgundy blush. In late biological maturity they become yellow. Dark small dots are clearly visible on the skin. The peduncle is well developed, it is strong, thick, dark brown in color.

Pears can be eaten a month after they have reached their technical maturity on the tree. This is the stage when the fruits can already be eaten; they have a pleasant taste and aroma. There is also biological ripeness - the time when seeds ripen in fruits. It is during biological maturity that Noyabrskaya has the most vivid taste and aroma.

The taste of November is sweet, with a slight hint of sourness. The pulp is loose, juicy, with grains. On a 5-point scale, the pear received 4.8 points.

The Noyabrskaya pear variety should not be confused with the Noyabrskaya Moldova (Xena) variety. The latter was bred by a different breeder and has different characteristics: it is not winter-hardy, the shape differs from the Noyabrskaya in a more elongated body with curves, the weight of the fruit is from 240 to 300 g.

Video: distinctive features of the Noyabrskaya pear variety

Table: advantages and disadvantages of the variety

Landing Features

Compliance with planting rules affects the quality and quantity of the harvest.

Site preparation

For the pear, you need to choose a sunny place without drafts. It is very difficult for any fruit tree to take root in highly windy areas. It is best to plant a pear on the south side of the site, behind buildings or other trees.

Pear loves sunny places

It is extremely important for the pear to receive water at a depth of more than 1 m. This fruit tree is moisture-loving, but does not like stagnant, swampy places. Planting in elevated areas will help avoid roots being washed out when there is close groundwater with a strong flow.

Varieties such as Summer Williams, Goverla, Lyubimitsa Klappa, and Conference serve as pollinators for Noyabrskaya.

Planting: a step-by-step process

The pit for the fruit tree must be prepared in advance (for autumn planting - a month in advance, for spring planting - in autumn).

1. Digging a hole approximately 70–80 cm deep, add a mixture of fertilized soil, drainage and superphosphate (120 g), potash fertilizer(this can be wood ash without impurities).

   If the area is wet, drainage is placed at the bottom of the hole - expanded clay or pebbles

2. A peg is placed in the middle of the dug pit to which the seedling is tied.
3. Do not forget that the first bud (root collar) should be 2–3 cm above the soil level.

   The root collar of the seedling should be slightly above ground level

4. They place a tree on a mound of drainage and soil and begin to carefully dig in the soil. Don't forget to straighten out all the roots before burying. You need to sprinkle it evenly, carefully compacting the soil with your hand.
5. Make a furrow around the seedling to water it. One hole requires approximately 20–30 liters of water.

   A pear seedling is watered with 20–30 liters of water

6. Now you need to mulch the hole. Peat or compost is ideal. Mulch retains moisture well, which will protect the still weak tree from drying out.
7. After each watering (and this must be done up to 4 times during the first season), it is necessary to loosen the soil around the tree trunk so that the root system receives enough oxygen.

Video: planting a pear seedling

Pear care: description and photo

To everyone fruit tree proper care must be provided, even if it is an ideal and unpretentious variety.

Watering

The pear is very responsive to maintaining constant, light moisture in the soil. The best way to retain water in the soil is to mulch.

As a method of watering, sprinkling is a separate item. This can be done easily using a spray nozzle. With this method, the tree receives water, as in natural conditions, while the leaves and branches are moistened and washed. The procedure is carried out strictly in the early hours of the morning, evening or in cloudy weather, when the sun will not burn the moistened foliage and bark.

During the season, do 2-3 high-quality waterings. After each, loosening is carried out. The approximate amount of water per 1 m2 is 3–4 buckets. Every year, fruiting shoots, foliage and roots require more moisture. If you notice that buds, flower stalks or foliage begin to dry out and fall off, immediately increase watering.

Feeding

Pear loves root feeding very much. You need to constantly provide the supply of nutrients, then the tree will respond to you with a rich and stable harvest.

Spring feeding:

1. Apply saltpeter (30 g per 1 m2) during the swelling of the buds in early spring. Can be diluted with water (1:50) or sprinkled dry into the soil.
2. Urea (120 g per tree) is also applied in early spring, during the period of swelling of the buds. Dilute 5 liters of water or apply dry.
3. After flowering, add organic matter or nitroammophosphate. About 3 buckets of working solution (1 kg per 200 liters of water) are enough for one pear.

Autumn feeding:

1. 2 liters of urea (working solution 50 g per 10 liters of water) are added every 2 weeks in the fall (early September, etc.). It is a good idea to alternate such fertilizer with potassium and phosphorus.
2. After picking fruit you need to feed the tree minerals: potassium chloride and superphosphate granules (both drugs are diluted as follows: 50 g per 10 liters of water). Cover a halo of 1 m2.
3. When digging, add 200 g of ash per 1 m2.

During autumn digging, ash is added to the pear tree trunk circle.

Trimming

The first pruning of the pear is carried out after planting the seedling. In this case, the central trunk is cut off at a height of 0.5 m. This way you form the correct crown for further growth.

Attention! Pruning the central conductor to 50 cm is carried out if you purchased an annual seedling.

Formative pruning

For pears, two types of pruning are used: sparsely-tiered and free-growing palmette.

1. In the first case, we form 8–10 skeletal branches using tiers on which 2–3 branches are located. This pruning helps give the tree a well-groomed appearance and makes harvesting easier.
2. The second pruning method is intended for the active formation of the main trunk and its lateral skeletal branches, located singly. The remaining branches grow with virtually no intervention.

A two-year-old seedling is pruned taking into account the already formed and fairly abundant skeletal branches. By this age there are about 8 of them. Leave half, so that the branches are equidistant from each other.

Formative pruning should be done in the spring, before sap flows.

Sanitary pruning

The time for sanitary pruning is in mid-autumn, before the cold weather. The main thing is that the tree has already shed its leaves at this point, which will allow you to easily see excess and damaged branches, as well as overgrown areas of the crown.

Do not perform sanitary pruning too late. It is necessary to leave time until the cold weather so that wounds from mechanical stress can heal. It will be great if you cover the cut areas with garden varnish, and for greater peace of mind, also insulate the tree from below using warm rags or agrofibre. The fact is that the pruned tree must be protected from other aggressive factors. This is required for complete restoration of the plant.

When sanitary pruning fruit crops, you need to keep in mind the percentage of removal of old, unnecessary, interfering branches. They should not be more than 1/4 of the entire crown.

Pear trees that are quite old (more than 10 years) need to be pruned annually. Often their crown is very thick, which negatively affects the quality and quantity of the crop.

Preparing for winter

The Noyabrskaya variety does not require any serious hassle to prepare for wintering. Shelter in the form of agrofibre wrap is necessary for young seedlings or trees pruned in the fall.

Whitewash

For pest prevention and sunburn The trunk and main branches are whitened with lime solution (10 liters of water per 1 kg of lime). To this solution add 100 g of copper sulfate, a little PVA glue for a dense and viscous coating, as well as natural yellow clay, pre-soaked in warm water. You need to whitewash thoroughly so that not a single crevice or crack is left for the pest.

Diseases and pests of the variety

Let's look at the November disease and pests characteristic of pears, as well as ways to combat them.

Table: pests and diseases of the November pear

Harvest

Fruits appear in the third, sometimes in the second year after planting a mature (two-year-old) seedling with a developed root system. Compared to other popular autumn varieties, this period of fruiting is considered very early. The annual average harvest figure for the Noyabrskaya variety is 70 c/ha.

Pears last a long time and can be stored until the winter months. The fruits can last in the freezer until spring. Of course, their juiciness and taste undergo changes, but overall the fruit remains healthy and tasty. You can make excellent preserves, jams and marmalade from pears, preserve them whole, dry them, and make compotes.

Due to the high fructose content (which is very beneficial for health, in particular for the pancreas), Noyabrskaya fruits practically do not require added sugar during processing.