In what year did hip hop begin? What is hip-hop? History of origin, description, types and features of hip-hop. Rappers and hip-hoppers

Hip-hop music now includes many styles: from very “light” ones, such as pop rap, to heavy and aggressive ones – hardcore rap, rapcore, etc.

The founder of this trend is funk music. Genres such as RnB, jazz, soul, and rock also had a serious influence.

The themes in the songs are extremely diverse - from light everyday ones, such as memories of the “good old days”, to raising various social and political problems in society.

Modern "mainstream"

As a result of the fact that some modern hip-hop artists have become some of the most commercially successful in the entire entertainment industry, a certain stereotype of “glamour” and “the pursuit of wealth” has emerged, which is often mistakenly projected not only onto music, but also onto hip-hop as a whole. -hop culture in general. Although in reality this culture promotes completely different ideals and values.

Also in commercial hip-hop, as in other popular styles of pop music, producers have a strong influence, as a result of which the entire music industry can often depend on their opinion.

Kempy O.

Hip-hop is a cultural movement that originated in the 70s. last century in one of the black neighborhoods of New York, is known and popular all over the world. It combines many things: music, dancing, visual creativity (graffiti), fashion trends in clothing, way of thinking and lifestyle. Initially, hip-hop was an independent and non-commercial form of expression of youth through music and dance, but over time it turned into a sphere associated with multi-million dollar ganarars and expensive “insignia”.

Cool Herc

The founding father of hip-hop culture is considered to be an immigrant from Jamaica - Cleve Campbell, known in the musical community as Cool Herc. He came to the South Bronx (New York's African-American ghetto) in 1967, and became known for hosting backyard parties where he was what is now called a DJ or MC (master of ceremonies). At one of these parties in 1973, he first used the technique of “cutting” part of one composition into another.

He inserted a snippet of James Brown's GIVE IT UP OR TURN IT LOOSE while Michael Winner's Bongo Rock was playing.

"Give it up or turn it loose":

This innovation was very popular with young people, who immediately came up with the idea of ​​using these inserts (breaks) for a certain type of dance using various kinds of acrobatic elements, which acquired the name breakdancing.

Grandmaster Flash

Joseph Saddler lived in the South Bronx and studied electrical engineering. But he had a much greater craving for music. Since he was a teenager, he had been experimenting with his dad's vinyl records, and one day came up with the idea that a turntable could revolutionize music. He became the first to touch records with his hands as they were played and manipulate the sound.

One of the most famous examples of “mixing” can be Grandmaster Flash’s track Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel.

"Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel":

Afrika Bambaataa

A native of the South Bronx, he is known as one of the first rappers in music history.

He was the leader of the Black Spades, one of the most notorious and violent groups of the time. When he channeled his energy into a new culture, he brought many acquaintances with him. This led to the transformation of Black Spades into a new organization aimed at self-development and world peace. From then to this day, under the name Zulu Nation, she has flourished in the peaceful realm of hip-hop culture.

Bambaataa and his followers dramatically reduced crime rates in volatile areas of New York City. If earlier poor youth solved all problems among themselves with fights and skirmishes, now conflicts were resolved in dance matches (battles), turnip competitions, and even graffiti.

1982 Africa toured Europe, making a huge contribution not only to the spread of hip-hop, but also to its enrichment with new directions, such as “electro” (which Baambaata met in Germany). After mixing electro with hip-hop, the song “Planet Rock” was born, which soon became very popular.

Along with DJing and closely related to it, the dance direction of hip-hop culture also developed. Breakdancing, "broken dance", originated at the same time when Kool Hurk made his first "signature" insert. This style was completely different from the popular dances of previous generations. However, you can trace the history of its formation. In 1969, dancer Don Campbell invented a type of dance in which the dancer appears to be stuck in a certain position for a while ("ticking"), and in rhythmic choruses the body moves in free waves ("waiving"). This was called kembelocking, and is now more commonly known as simply locking.

Much in this direction was adopted from national cultures, for example, in the Los Angeles pantomime “boogie” echoes of black culture are heard.

In the mid-70s, Lokotron John and Shabad created the dance form that we now call hip-hop: the combined styles of “locking” and “popping.”

At the same time, the “robot” style appears and begins to develop.

The first who managed to break out of the crowd and demonstrate their individuality in the break were the members of the Rock Steady Crew. It was created in 1879 by two b-boys (as breakdancers are called) Jimmy D and Jojo. One of the most prominent b-boys, Richard Colon, nicknamed Crazy Legs, made a significant contribution to the variety of dance elements and the development of complex acrobatic techniques of breakdancing. Also, thanks to his talent, he contributed to the popularization of dancing and the spread of the term b-boy.

The peak of popularity of the hip-hop dance genre came in the first half of the 80s, when the films “Breakin” and “Beat street” attracted the attention of young people.

Graffiti is another aspect of hip-hop culture that cannot be ignored. The word itself comes from both the Greek word “Graphein” - “to write”, and from the Italian “Graffito” - “to scratch”. The modern understanding of this phenomenon among modern residents of megacities is associated with painted front doors and fences, elevators and walls of houses, on which literally all the free space can be filled with not entirely clear, and sometimes too well understood, phrases and words.

It is believed that the first inscription in the graffiti style, more precisely, in its modern sense, was made by a then young resident of New York in the 60s of the 20th century. He signed the subway with his name Julio 204 (204 is the street number) hometown, but he did not waste time on trifles, and soon residents of all districts of the city learned about the existence of a man with the pseudonym Julio 204. This idea was soon picked up by another young resident of the same city, 17-year-old Greek Demitrios, who also left his “tags” “Taki 183” (tag - this is the inscription or nickname) in all parts of New York. This time it did not go unnoticed, and one journalist tracked down the young man to interview him and find out for what purpose he made these inscriptions. He outlined the answer to this question in the article “Taki 183 spawns pen pals”, which became the first dedicated to graffiti.

Soon, young people began to actively paint all objects that caught their eye with their “tags,” and this phenomenon turned into a real movement, which began to be called hip-hop graffiti.

One of the objects that received the greatest attention and love from writers was trains. Many factions favored certain subway lines over others, depending on their route, the quality of the carriages covered, and the number of passengers who would see their creations. The latter was the most important, since the entire hip-hop culture is based on mass and publicity. Fame among the population was valued by representatives of all movements.

Rap
Term "To Rap" - « rap", or " rap“, which means “conversation, chat, chatter,” first appeared in the slang of jazz players who played bebop in the forties, and in the late sixties it finally became established in the colloquial speech of residents of black ghettos.

Hip-hop
Hip-hop(English) Hip-hop) is a youth subculture that appeared in the late 1970s among African Americans.
Hip-hop became the first music that most fully and uniquely embodied the ideology of modern African-American culture. This ideology was built on antagonism to American white, Anglo-Saxon culture.

History of rap music
1970s
Hip-hop originated in the African-American community of the Bronx, New York, in the second half of the 1970s. At the time, it was party music created by disc jockeys (called “DJs” for short) who worked using sampling techniques that were then extremely primitive: it often amounted to repeating the musical passage of someone else’s dance composition.

Beatbox
Beatboxing is associated with the art of creating beats, rhythms and melodies using the human mouth. However, it can also include singing, vocal scratching, turntables, brass instruments, strings, and many others.
Beatboxing originated in New York and spread throughout the world. Today beatboxing is experiencing a rebirth. The pioneers of beatboxing were Doug E. Fresh, Biz Markie and Buffy from the Fat Boys.

Brakedance
Break dancing or b-boying (eng. breakdance) is a street dance, one of the elements of hip-hop.
Active supporters and popularizers of hip-hop and breakdancing are called B.Boy.
Girls who are into hip-hop and break dancing are called Fly Girl.
Since b-boys are reluctant to accept fly girls into their ranks, they usually form their own girl groups.
There are constant competitions between breakdancers, sort of battles - battles. Today, break dancing is incredibly popular and battles take place at the world level between teams from different countries.

DJ in rap music
DJ (English DJ from disc-jockey - disc jockey) is an artist and musician who plays musical works recorded on audio media (CDs or records, and now using software) for the public.
This is a person who is fluent in the art of mixing and scratching (from the English Scratch - shavings. That is, scratch means turning the record by hand to obtain a certain sound).
DJs in the modern sense of the word appeared in the first half of the 70s. It’s not even a matter of what kind of music they played back then (in Jamaica - reggae, in chic New York dance halls - disco, in the Bronx - hip-hop), the whole focus of DJing was and still is that in the hands DJs, well-known gramophone records begin to sound new and produce a completely different effect on the public.

Rap music: education through street beats
The words "rap" and "hip-hop" are often used interchangeably. The word "hip-hop" refers to the rhythm of the music, and "rap" refers to rapping to the music. Rap has three classifications:
- “fast rap” (one rapper talking to another);
- “life” or “hardcore” rap (often contains obscene expressions);
- “commercial rap” (hip-hop and dance rap).
Emerging from New York in the late '70s, rap - a form of popular music that consists of spoken phrases or "reading" lyrics over a rhythmic musical framework - has proven to have a growing presence around the world.

Graffiti
Graffiti (Italian graffiti, from Greek to write) - inscriptions or drawings on the walls of buildings and passages, train cars, as well as fences and other vertical surfaces. Sometimes it is a form of folklore.
It is considered one of the types of self-expression of youth. The self-name of modern graffiti artists is writers.
Applying graffiti to buildings and structures without the permission of the owners of these objects is interpreted in the criminal law of many countries as vandalism. In some European countries, you need to get a license to paint graffiti.
Modern graffiti was born in 1970, when 16-year-old Negrito Demetrivs from Washington Heights began marking the walls of New York's downtown with his nickname - Taki 183.

Hip hop fashion
The increased role of youth subcultures in modern society can be explained by understanding the role that subculture plays. Subculture is a kind of compensatory mechanism that reduces the pressure of mass (“global”) culture on the individual.
youth subculture- this is the culture of a certain young generation that has a common lifestyle, behavior, group norms, values ​​and stereotypes. Youth subcultures can be defined as a system of meanings, means of expression, and lifestyles. Created by groups of youth, subcultures reflect attempts to resolve contradictions associated with a broader social context. Subcultures are not some kind of foreign formation; on the contrary, they are deeply accelerated in the general socio-cultural context.

The concept of youth subculture. Rap subculture as a specific social group
Subcultures, as specific groups of consumers of fashion products, are not a new phenomenon, because it was precisely the subcultural differences in society that over the centuries determined the emergence of different styles in clothing and their gradual evolution. However, modern society, the structure of which is determined not only by general “caste” (group) characteristics, but also by smaller, individualized characteristics, demonstrates the diversity of subcultures represented in it.

Slang in hip-hop
Currently, rap and hip-hop culture in general are becoming more and more popular and rapper slang has a significant influence on the slang of youth.
Rappers' slang is very diverse and very rich in words from other types of slang. So, for example, you can come across a lot of “thieves” expressions (a bull is a tense person. A run is a deliberately insincere statement.), etc.
Since hip-hop culture is a street culture, people who are interested in it end up on the street and hear the conversations of the same not very educated people.
Rappers are not people from high society. These are mainly people who spend most of their lives on the street. They talk using a lot of profanity and other simple “folk” expressions.

Biff: Rapper Wars
Logically, beef And rap should celebrate their birthdays on the same day. I can’t say which one - who can find out when for the first time one MC publicly announced that his competitor was a freak and mediocrity? However, we can confidently state the following.

Russian rap - The history of rap in Russia
Unfortunately, history modern Russian rap Although it is over 20 years old, it is small and has little to be proud of. However, historical prerequisites precisely shaped the modern Russian rap culture that has captured the minds of our youth.
The first event associated with the emergence of rap in the USSR, oddly enough, took place in the city of Kuibyshev (now Samara). In 1984, the DJ of the student disco "Canon" Alexander Astrov, together with the local group "Chas Rush", recorded a 25-minute program, which was soon distributed throughout the country in the form of a magnetic album "Rap".

Rap terminology
Rap dictionary does not pretend to be original. Decodings of basic rap concepts, terms, definitions and words that are used in colloquial speech and in the lyrics of rap performers are given.

Graffiti as a way of self-expression
Graffiti actually refers to artwork created in in public places. This distinguishes it from works of art that were created under the auspices of city authorities.
These works of art are made using a variety of materials and each has its own unique style that was developed street artists- writers.

Recent history hip-hop. Part 1
The first part of the story is about the formation and development of hip-hop culture.

Hip-hop fashion. History of the development of hip-hop fashion. Part 1. 80s.
Initially, all fashion trends in hip-hop were introduced directly by hip-hop musicians themselves, and not by designers. Therefore, initially there was no single uniform or set of elements and accessories that would be preferred. Just as there were no uniform rules regarding clothing.

Be careful - rap!
Rap is generally violent music, and it is not surprising that it is accompanied by violence. Colorado Springs police have issued a warning that gangsta rap is fueling violence and homicides in their city.

The best films about life in the ghetto
Review of the most interesting films about the brutal life in the ghetto.

Mixtape-o-mania
Mixtape – initially: a cassette (tape) mixed (by a DJ) containing musical compositions and/or short stories prose (sketes). Nowadays, audio media formats are changing, but according to the old habit, CDs (mix-CDs) and mp3 releases are also called mixtapes.

Hip Hop Girl
Charming and attractive African American girls

The role of music in the social life of young people
Perhaps in modern culture there is no more rapidly developing and changing phenomenon than music. The modern music industry includes many trends and styles (from a variety of club music to death metal). Often these directions have nothing in common with each other and develop along separate paths.

New life hip-hop!
To the question once posed, “What needs to be done to survive?”, hip-hop answered this way: “Develop, be in constant search of new prospects!” And as soon as the people who were engaged in coloring Everyday life, realized this, hip-hop came out of the shadows of the alleys...

Hip-hop subculture- one of the most widespread and widespread today throughout the world. Originating in the 1970s in the United States, hip-hop continues to attract young people with its multifaceted manifestations. Under what conditions did hip-hop culture develop forty years ago, and what is it like today? Read on;)

Hip-hop owes its origins to African Americans living in American ghettos at the turn of the 1960s and 1970s. Residents of the "black neighborhoods" in major cities The USA organized discos where DJs played dance music using sampling techniques. At that time, sampling was the repetition of individual fragments of a composition. Soon the sampling technique began to improve and gained popularity, and soon DJs began recording their performances and selling them on cassette tapes. In essence, it was rap, read over sampled music, combined with disco and funk rhythms. In 1970, Sylvia Robinson, who had experience working at Columbia Records, created her own recording studio, Sugar Hill Records, where she began recording and publishing hip-hop music. The first single was released in 1979 and immediately made a splash on the American music market. This single is also considered to be the first hip-hop single in history. In the 1980s, hip-hop music moved to a new level. Now it was not only “black music” - white youth also became interested in rap. During this period, the development of rap was greatly influenced by European electronic and pop music. New sampling technologies came from Europe to the United States, and new breakbeat rhythms finally conquered rap and hip-hop musicians. The Beastie Boys became the first white team to become widely known and commercialized. In the 1970s - the first half of the 1980s, hip-hop music was intended exclusively for discos and parties. Since the mid-1980s, the themes of rapper songs began to acquire a social connotation. Hip-hop musicians spoke against violence, cruelty, crime and racism in their lyrics. By the end of the 1980s, rap established itself as a full-fledged musical genre and achieved popularity on a par with pop and rock music.

In the 1990s, new themes and characters appeared in rap. Gangsta rap became popular, telling about gangster realities in black ghettos. Dr. Dre is rightfully considered the most famous gangsta rap artist, and his follower, Snoop Dogg, is the modern personification of gangsta rap. Performers of this type of rap sought scandalous fame, often became participants in street fights and shootouts, and appeared in crime news either as drug distributors, or as murderers or killed in the same street fights. At the beginning of the 21st century, hip-hop music is commercially successful and is replete with a variety of directions and branches. Famous rap artists often occupy far from the last places in the lists of the richest musicians in the world.

IN THE USSR hip-hop as a subculture and the musical direction came in the 1980s. Now the number of rap artists is in the hundreds, and in every city and town, literally in every district, you can also find a local rapper. But hip-hop is not only music. There is a hip-hop dance style, and graffiti is an integral part of hop-hop culture. The hip-hop subculture has its own worldview and its own fashion, which is dictated by the street. The hip-hop dance style is very multifaceted, as it incorporates elements of different dance styles. One of the main components of hip-hop dance is breakdancing. Hip-hop borrows a lot from funk, locking and other dance styles.

Fashion hip hop subculture very recognizable. These include baggy pants, kangaroo sweatshirts with or without hoods, sneakers, bandanas, baseball caps and caps (clothes are usually several sizes larger than needed). Various accessories are popular - wristbands, belts, glasses, ear piercings. A more glamorous variety of hip-hop - R-n-B involves an abundance of rhinestones, precious metals, fashionable trinkets, which are used where necessary and not necessary. Backpackers (hitchhiking) cannot imagine life without a backpack on their back, which holds all the things necessary for the trip. As for the worldview of a particular representative of the hip-hop subculture, it can vary depending on what this very representative does. If he dances, draws graffiti or is interested in any sport (often extreme), he usually does not drink or smoke and advocates healthy image life. If this is a rapper (performer or listener - it doesn’t matter), then there are no special ideological principles - he may or may not smoke, he may lead an antisocial lifestyle, or he may be a fighter for justice, but in most cases he will be against racism.
One way or another, the hip-hop subculture has a rich, although not very long history, and is, perhaps, one of the most numerous subcultures.

TO everyone who wants learn hip hop dancing, must know a little history of hip-hop in order to be worthy bearers of this culture.

B most people Hip-hop is perceived only as a specific musical style, like rock, jazz, rave, etc. However, this is far from just a direction in music. Hip-hop is a whole culture that has its own world, its supporters all over the world and includes music (hip-hop, rap, rnb, etc.), dance styles (breakdancing, hip-hop, rnb, new style, etc. .), art (graffiti, DJing, beatboxing, etc.), their ideology, as well as their specific style of clothing. But, we will dwell in more detail on hip hop dance.

IN Hip-hop came to Russia from the West back in the late 80s, but only now has it become truly popular, in demand and recognizable. Back in 1969, a certain James Brown released a hit called “Get on the Good Foot”, performing this single he energetically danced and performed various acrobatic elements. African Americans from poor areas of America really liked this and off they went... first breaking a.k.a breakdancing was born, conquering heart after heart at the speed of light, and after it hip-hop, which absorbed everything that could be used for self-expression from a variety of dance styles.

B most of all hip-hop dancing adopted and borrowed, of course, from those who first began to develop them. Since these were African-Americans from a real ghetto, it immediately becomes clear where so many movements of the legs and body came from in the traditional hip-hop technique. And the movements of the hands seem to only emphasize the individuality of the dancer. Of course, modern hip-hop has already changed significantly and has absorbed quite a lot from European dance culture, full of jumping and active hand movements, but in general it continues to retain its unique features.

E one more point that can explain to us why hip hop dancing look exactly like this, and the music to which hip-hop is performed is no different. At first it was funk, today it is rap, break beat, R&B and other trends in music that are being improved and born every day, expanding hip-hop culture more and more. In any case, hip-hop dances are performed to rhythmic music, which allows the dancer to maximize their capabilities and express themselves. Modern Hip Hop dancing includes many different styles, so hip hop training takes place to the music most suitable for a particular type of dance.