Transformers KTPN 400, 630, 1000, 250, 100 are a stationary structure. They are designed to receive electrical energy, convert it and distribute it. The decoding of the abbreviation KTPN sounds like a complete outdoor transformer substation.
General characteristics
The installation of an external complete substation is carried out to receive alternating three-phase current of industrial frequency (50 Hz). KTPN 1000, 630, 400 kVA and other varieties convert and distribute voltage with a nominal value of 6(10)/0.4(0.69) kV.
To ensure proper operation, a complete transformer substation requires a ground neutral. If this requirement is met, the design is used almost everywhere. For example, a 1000 kVA KTPN provides electricity to small cities and towns, while devices with lower power are suitable for small and medium-sized industrial enterprises.
The production of KTPN units occurs in two directions. The first type of execution includes dead-end (T) varieties, and the second - through-type (P). In the first version, the structure is connected to one transmission line, and in the second - to two. They may have an air or cable outlet on the HV or LV side. Also, similar objects of varying power (100-1000 kVA) are single-transformer or double-transformer.
Device
The general structure of substations includes three compartments. They are located in a welded structure assembled from metal profiles. Inside the building there is a transformer compartment, a high voltage device (HVD) and a low voltage switchgear (LVSD).
To perform maintenance on the structure, personnel enter through swing gates. Electrical connections may include flexible connections or busbars. In addition to the listed departments, the facility includes a device for external connections and other systems for maintaining the specified conditions in the room.
Unlike KTPM (mast-type facility), outdoor transformer structures can have a significantly larger power range. This allows outdoor complete stations to be used in a wide range of areas. There are models with a power transformer power of 25-4000 kVA.
Labeling structure
Generally recognized markings allow you to understand what characteristics an industrial transformer installation has.
So, for example, KTPN-T-100M/6/0.4-U1 is simply deciphered:
- If there is no number 2 before the name, it is a single-transformer model. Otherwise, the kit includes two transformers.
- The letter T is a dead-end type of equipment.
- 100 – installation power (kVA).
- M – oil (C – dry) transformer.
- 6 – rated voltage UVN (kV).
- 0.4 – rated voltage of RUNN (kV).
- U1 – climate zone, accommodation category.
The designation is sometimes used in markings. KTPN-K consists of only one building. KTPN-B has several module blocks. They form a single system.
Operating Requirements
KTPN 250, 400, 1000 and other varieties must be operated in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and safety rules. For this purpose special technical specifications for equipment operation:
- The air temperature should be in the range from -40 to +40ºС in a temperate climate (U) and from -60 to +40ºС in a moderate cold climate (CC). If a dry type transformer is used, the temperature should not fall below -1ºC.
- The height of the building should not exceed 1 km above sea level.
- Wind speed should not exceed 36 m/s.
In addition to the above conditions, outdoor transformer facilities should not be built in fire hazardous areas or in places where aggressive substances are stored. If the operating rules are followed, the equipment can operate effectively for about 30 years.
Commissioning
The correct functioning of the KTPN can be ensured by installation in accordance with established standards. The manufacturer can deliver the substation to the installation site fully assembled or in blocks. The assembly diagram is indicated on the facade of the building.
Transport blocks are fully prepared for installation. In this case, there is no need to disassemble the switching equipment. When slinging blocks, installers are required to check the quality of bolted and internal connections.
For ease of installation, the blocks or assembled structure have devices for moving and lifting using special equipment. The structure is installed on a flat surface (foundation). The building is fastened using special bolts or welding to the embedded elements of the base. All substation systems are tested before commissioning.
Equipment
When arranging a KTPN, various equipment can be used. The most common components are the following systems:
- Working lighting. Carry out using various lamps. May include emergency and exterior lighting.
- Ventilation. Natural or forced exhaust is installed. It promotes additional cooling of equipment and prevents the appearance of dampness.
- Heating. Most often used electric convectors. Their activation can be done automatically or manually.
- Fire and security alarms. Communication with the security console and other external equipment is possible.
- Personal protective equipment. Increases the safety of personnel.
Depending on user preferences, the list of systems and components may change.
Advantages
Modern external power structures are designed taking into account the possibility of easy access for maintenance personnel to internal equipment. Inspection windows allow you to visually assess the condition of the equipment. The structure is made from high-strength, weather-resistant materials. This helps to extend the service life of the facility.
The design of external power facilities makes it possible to replace the transformer without dismantling the LV and HV inputs. If KTPN is installed in the UHL1 climate zone, additional heating of devices and communications is used. This allows the equipment to function in accordance with established requirements.
To ensure safe operation, the system has a grounding loop. This allows you to protect service personnel from electric shock, equalize potentials and protect the building when it is struck by lightning.
Modern KTPNs have different technical characteristics. Thanks to this, external power structures are used in various areas of human activity.
In this article we will look at what it is KTP, what kind of PTS there are, what they are intended for, what is their design difference and why there is confusion in their types.
For accurate understanding, we need the following definitions:
clause 4.2.6 (): Transformer substation (TP)- an electrical installation designed for receiving, converting and distributing energy and consisting of transformers, switchgear, control devices, technological and auxiliary structures.
clause 4.2.10 (): KTP- complete transformer substation - substation, consisting of blocks ( and ) and other elements, supplied assembled or fully prepared for assembly at the manufacturer's factory.
A large selection of standard substation solutions is presented in our "" section.
The definitions are quite accurate and comprehensive, however, it is common to hear when it comes to QTP performed using standard specifications from MOESK, the talking parties imagine different devices. So that all parties see the same picture, let's consider variations of QFT.
The most common TP for individual buildings, villages, individual plots is ICC. Mast transformer substation is the cheapest transformer substation, often called "Collective farmer" due to its low cost and extremely simple design.
The appearance and possible dimensions of the MTP are presented in the figure below:
ICC- an open transformer substation, all the equipment of which is installed on structures (including on two or more racks of overhead line supports) with a service platform at a height that does not require fencing of the substation. In this case, it is important to note that this type of substation does not require fencing of the substation. MTP is often performed in size.
No less common TP for power supply of plots, individual cottages and other consumers to - STP (OSTP). STP (OSTP)- A pillar (single-pillar) transformer substation is a type of collective image of a package transformer substation; the most common type of transformer substation is a substation assembled on one support.
The appearance and possible dimensions of the STP (OSTP) are presented in the figure below: 
STP equipment:
1. .
2. Cabinet RUNN.
3. Fuse.
4. Valve arrester (surge suppressor).
5. Cross beam 0.23 kV.
6. Cross beam 10 kV.
STP (OSTP)- an open transformer substation, all equipment of which is installed on a single-column overhead line support at a height that does not require fencing of the substation.
STP (OSTP) is often performed in the size up to 63 kVA.
The next segment is more expensive PS. KTPSH- A complete cabinet-type transformer substation is a type of KTP; the most common is KTPSH assembled on 4 stepsons (racks) with the presence of a RUNN and UVN cabinet.
Unlike previous variations, KTPSH requires a fence; as a rule, it is mesh.
The appearance and possible dimensions of the KTPSh located on stepsons (racks) are presented in the figure below:
Equipment of serial BKTP
High voltage switchgear (RU-VN).
Small switchgear switchgear type
R.M. -6 with gas insulation (produced by EZOIS under license Schneider Electric).At the customer's request, SF6 monoblocks of other types (manufactured by ABB, Siemens ). It is also possible to perform RU-VN on the basis of KSO cells from Russian manufacturers. The possibility of using cells of the proposed type must be agreed with EZOIS. Available own production equipment 6-10 kVA.
Power transformer.
BKTP standard designs are equipped with power transformers (25; 40; 63; 100; 160; 250; 400; 630; 1000; 1250; 1600) with oil-cooled sealed type (TMG) from various manufacturers. At the customer's request, cast resin transformers can also be used various types and manufacturers.
Low voltage switchgear (RU-LV).
BCTS are made using 0.4 kV switchgear of various designs (racks, panels, cabinets) with switching and protective devices of various types (load switches, fuses, circuit breakers) and from different manufacturers.We have our own production of 0.4 kVA equipment.
Automatic transfer system (ATS).
To ensure the required degree of reliability of power supply to consumers, package transformer substations produced by the plant can be equipped with devices for automatically switching on backup power.
ATS in standard package transformer substations can be carried out on the HV side (AVR-VN) or on the LV side (AVR-LV). In both options, the ATS circuit operates in the following emergency situations:
· violation of the phase sequence;
· loss of voltage on one, two or three phases (decrease below permissible level(0.7*Unom) on any of the phases or on all three).
Scheme with AVR-VNis implemented by equipping the drives of the RU-VN switching devices with geared motors and contacts for signaling the position of the devices. The switching control is carried out by an automation cabinet, which monitors the presence of voltage on the LV side.
Scheme with AVR-NNimplemented either on contactors or on circuit breakers with motor drive. The AVR-NN device is a set of two identical panels (cabinets), each of which is installed in the room of the corresponding section (circuit beam) of the package substation. AVR-NN can be built into RU-NN when automatic switches are used as input and sectional devices.
Reactive power compensation devices (RPC).
Depending on the design parameters of the operating mode of the low voltage distribution network, transformer substations can be equipped with reactive power compensation devices.
UKRM can be either of the type specified by the project or selected according to design parameters (power, number of control stages). Structurally, the UKRM can be made as a separate device or be built into the RU-NN.
If the substation contains UKRM, the layout of the package transformer substation may differ from the standard one and is developed individually.
System of own needs (lighting, heating, heating of equipment).
The auxiliary system (SN) provides power for lighting and space heating, ventilation systems, forced heat removal (if available), and equipment heating. The auxiliary circuit provides manual or automatic power backup in the presence of two sources (in two-transformer transformer substations). If the balance of the premises is different (of the energy supply company and the subscriber), the circuit allows for independent switching on of power to its parts.
Lighting system substations includes equipment for working and emergency lighting (lamps, batteries, automation devices) of the unit, as well as equipment for pit lighting (typically sockets for connecting a portable lamp).
Heating KTP blocks are carried out due to the heat generated power transformer. For the northern version (or at the customer’s request), electric heaters with a control device (regulator with air temperature sensor) are installed in the RU-NN and RU-VN rooms. Anti-condensation heating of equipment (compartments of relay protection and automation equipment RU-VN, gear motors of drives of switching devices) is provided regardless of the regional design of the package transformer substation.
Electricity measurements and metering.
Measurementelectrical quantities (current and voltage) in serial PTS are carried out on the low voltage side, at the input to the RU-NN. Measuring instruments are located in the auxiliary power supply cabinet (YASN or ShPSN). It is also possible to place measuring instruments in RU-NN. At the request of the customer can be used measuring instruments various types.
Electricity metering also carried out on the low voltage side. If necessary, electricity metering can be performed both at the input and output lines of the RU-NN. In addition, RU-NN can be manufactured with preparation for electricity metering on outgoing lines (with wiring for metering circuits, but without installing current transformers).
Alarm systems.
At the customer's request, the KTP can be equipped with security and fire alarm systems. They are carried out according to standard projects and include a full set of equipment (sensors, control equipment and warning devices).
Telemechanics system.
The equipment of the transformer substation can be prepared in preparation for equipping it with a telemechanics system. To carry out telemetering, telesignaling and telecontrol in this case, standard package transformer equipment is equipped with additional options:
· contacts for signaling the position of switching devices RU-VN and RU-NN;
· contacts for signaling the position of switching devices of the MV system;
· gearmotors and releases for remote control of devices;
· sensors of electrical quantities (current and voltage transformers).
In addition, fire and security alarm systems are designed with the ability to transmit signals to the telemechanics system.
At the customer's request, the list of signals transmitted to the telemechanics system and functions for remote control of equipment can be expanded in accordance with the provided project.
The telemechanics system can be supplied as a complete set with the package transformer substation, or purchased separately and installed by the customer independently at the site.
KTP can be deciphered as an abbreviation for complete transformer substations, which are used so that the current of a high-voltage network can be changed.
Traditionally, such structures are made in the form of a metal case with a transformer located inside, providing from 25 to 4 thousand kW of power. The neutral of such substations is grounded. They can be used virtually everywhere - at small industrial facilities, in various residential areas, in agriculture enterprises, in construction.
The key advantages of these facilities are reliable operation and relatively low cost. The price of a package transformer substation is twice, and sometimes even three times lower than that of substations made from transformers. These power supply objects are produced using a special method under conditions of strict compliance with the standards regulated by GOSTs. As a result, if necessary, this equipment can be customized to suit completely different requirements.
Types of package transformer substations
TS (transformer substations) are divided according to their location into external and internal locations. The internal installation equipment is located in a permanent building. Traditionally, this type of substations is used at production facilities. Outdoor electrical substations are increasingly used in urban communications. Their sizes can be varied. Foundations are poured for particularly bulky equipment.
The capacities and uses of PTS are very diverse. According to this indicator, these electrical installations are divided into the following options:
By structural elements stations of this type are divided into mast-mounted, ground-based and integrated. The first ones are located on vertical pillars. Ground-mounted substations are equipped with metal, reinforced concrete buildings or blocks made of sandwich panels.
General characteristics
PTS are traditionally used in power supply complexes for the own needs of consumers, manufacturing companies, as well as mines. If we take into account two-component substations, then we must take into account that they have a sectional module that includes two inputs, including from a diesel power plant (diesel power plant).
The environment must meet the following requirements:
- Explosion proof.
- It should not contain vapors and gases that are hostile to insulating materials.
- Dust conductive electric current, should be missing.
Device
The usual configuration of power supply devices consists of 3 components. All of them are located in a metal body, a welded body made of sheets and profiles. It contains a HVN (high voltage device), a low voltage switchgear switchgear and the transformer itself.
To carry out maintenance, electricians enter the premises through swing gates. All electrical connections are made using bus connections or flexible connections. The KTP also includes a device for external inclusions and other components that support the necessary parameters.
External transformer points, unlike KTPM (mast-mounted substations), have a much wider range of capacities. This makes it possible to use external complete devices in a wide range of applications, and there are also samples with 25-4 thousand kilovolt-ampere characteristics.
The normal operation of the KTPN is determined by the organization of installation work prescribed by special standards. The manufacturer has the opportunity to deliver the device to the site of operation either block-by-block or completely assembled. On the front side there is an assembly diagram.
Transport elements ready for installation work. There is no need to disassemble the switching equipment. The reliability of hidden connections is checked before assembly begins. Assembly components are equipped with special devices for use lifting mechanisms when moving and lifting. The assembled substation is placed on a flat surface. Before use, tests of all electrical substation complexes are organized.
Completeness
The range of devices and systems for installing a CTP pump is varied. Most used components:
The list of tools used is adjusted according to the customer’s wishes..
Types of transformer stations
Now in production large number various complete devices. Substations of the first type are connected to only one power line. They are called dead ends. Substations of the second type have connections to two power lines. These are walk-through transformer substations. The third, most frequently used ones are kiosk electrical substations.
Explanation of the abbreviation KTP:
K - complete
T - transformer
P -- substation
- Decoding of KTPN: installation type is added - external.
- Decoding BKTP-block.
- Explanation of other types of package transformer substations in electrical engineering:
KTPM - mast
KTPSH - cabinet
KTPS - pillar
KTPP - mobile
VKTP - in-shop
KTPNU - external installation
KTPVU - indoor installation
KTPTAS - dead-end
KTPPAS - checkpoint
KTPB - block
KChTP - frequency
KTPSN - auxiliary substation
KTPK - kiosk type. KTP TAS, KTP PAS kiosk type assume one or two transformer substations of external installation and operate to receive electrical energy of a current frequency of 50 Hz with a voltage of 6 or 10 kV, its transit (pass-through substations) and transformation into electricity with a voltage of 0.4 kV. As well as power supply and consumer protection for populated areas, industrial and other facilities in areas with different temperatures (from minus 45 to plus 40 degrees).
Decoding of the symbolic designation of KTP TAS, KTP PSA
X KTP X X X X
X - 2 - two-transformer
KTP - complete transformer substation
X - T - dead-end; P - pass-through
X - SA - stationary switch 0.4 kV
X - M - modernized
X - transformer power, kVA
Technical regulations
Electrical substations receive, distribute and convert alternating electric current.
Technical standards of KTP:
KTPN cannot be used:
In case of vibration, pulsation, shock and explosive factors,
To receive power on the 0.4 kV side,
Application Specifics
Key devices, which require regular repairs in electrical substations, is considered to be the equipment of distribution boards and, in fact, the electrical transformer itself. When using CTP, the following rules should be followed:
Installation of a PTS installation in production consists of the following key elements:
- high voltage input device;
- oil or dry power transformer;
- distribution cabinet for voltage removal.
When producing, assembling and servicing the electrical substation, comply with technical regulations; uninterrupted and long-term operation is guaranteed. Otherwise, the user may encounter operational problems. As a result, select a manufacturer of package transformer substations must be done very carefully, focusing first on the reputation of the companies offering such services.
KTP substation connection diagrams can be radial or main. Radial, connected according to the block - power line - electric transformer circuit, are connected tightly. At the main line, an UVN shield is additionally installed. Connecting several package transformer substations to one line is possible with their power of 1000-1200 kVA.
If a KTPN is connected, then the cables are connected using a KNTP-terminal coupling for outdoor installation.
KTP are complete transformer substations that are used to convert high-voltage network current. Now you know what the abbreviation KTP stands for, let’s take a closer look at what it is.
Typically, such transformer substations are metal structures , are equipped with a transformer with a power of at least 25 kilowatts and no more than 4000. In order for the PTS to work, a grounded neutral is required. They can be used almost everywhere - from small industrial facilities to small towns, as well as agricultural facilities.
Purpose of transformer substations
At the very beginning, the PTS processes high-voltage current, after which it distributes electrical energy with a frequency of approximately 6 kilowatts on the high voltage side and on the low voltage side with a frequency of approximately 0.4 kilowatts. With the help of an outgoing line, the supply of electricity to the consumer is transformed.
KTPNU in modular design
In modular version there is just one transformer. This type of substations is necessary in order to install them outdoors. They are made from several modules. The floors and walls are sheathed with special material. Modules are compartments that house high- and low-voltage equipment and station control equipment.