Proper ventilation in a private house with your own hands: diagram and important points. How to make supply and exhaust ventilation Where to install ventilation in a private house

An influx of fresh air is needed to ensure healthy living conditions, good maintenance of plants and high-quality functioning of technical systems. At the same time, it is necessary to remove various harmful impurities. Do-it-yourself productivity in a private home will help you solve these problems in a complex. Diagram, calculations, installation methods - all this is in today's review.

A good ventilation system is an essential element of the engineering equipment of a modern private home.

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Installation of a ventilation system in a private house: general parameters and requirements

Modern buildings are created with improved airtightness and. This improves economic performance during operation, but blocks the access of fresh air. This example explains the need for an integrated approach when considering the functionality of engineering systems.

The following features should also be noted to correctly formulate the requirements for a good ventilation design for a private home:

• The composition of the indoor atmosphere can be affected by the condition of the air outside and the presence of sources of harmful and unpleasant impurities in the property itself.
• Ventilation control methods are essential.
• It is possible that contaminants from household chemicals, finishing and building materials may enter the air.
• To calculate the ventilation device in a private house, you can use the method of taking into account maximum permissible concentrations of impurities, or indicators of normal air exchange.
• We must not forget about the different needs in and on, in the training room and.
• , and other equipment actively consume oxygen.
• It is necessary to take into account the individual physiological characteristics and preferences of users. Particular attention should be paid in the presence of allergic reactions.

It should be emphasized that current domestic and foreign regulations, industry and sanitary and hygienic standards contain contradictory data. The above information explains the actual complexity of the task. Too many factors influence indoor air parameters. In addition to objective indicators, individual preferences will have to be taken into account.

For your information! For residential premises, the total exchange rate is calculated using the proportion of 30 cubic meters. m. per hour per person. Below are adjustment data for different rooms and special operating conditions.

That is why, when performing calculations for installing ventilation in a private home, experienced specialists make a sufficient margin for performance. It helps make the necessary corrections during peak loads.

Types of ventilation systems

The supply of fresh air to the premises is constantly organized. Only the intensity of the corresponding operations changes. This means that the most convenient and economical system is one that performs its functions without close monitoring and power consumption. On the other hand, the use of forced mechanisms simplifies the ventilation of rooms.

Advantages and disadvantages of natural ventilation in a private house

This simplified diagram of natural ventilation in a private house shows the main parts of the engineering structure. Here there are holes in the walls through which air from the street comes in. Paths have been created for the free movement of flows between rooms.

To ensure air exchange according to the above standard (30 cubic meters per person per hour), it is enough to install a supply and outlet pipe with a diameter of 150 mm or more. The height of the vertical part is made from 300 cm or more. This typical example can be used for calculations taking into account the architectural features of the property.

Important Notes:

• The same length of vertical pipes will allow equalization.
• The efficiency of the system is reduced by: branches, horizontal sections, changes in cross-section.
• For ease of construction, ducts from rooms on different floors are combined into a single ventilation shaft, or mounted side by side.

Filter elements are installed in some input channels to retain dust and other mechanical impurities. Such parts can significantly reduce system performance.

For your information! The height of ventilation pipes is not regulated by SNiP. However, in practice, chimney standards can be applied. If you follow the above rules, obstacles to the free movement of air in the desired direction will be minimized with different wind directions and strengths.

Why do you need a forced ventilation system in a private house?

In the systems discussed above, air moves due to different atmospheric pressure at different altitudes, when heated, under the influence of gusts of wind. The main advantage of these techniques is energy independence. However, they are all overly susceptible to all sorts of external factors. The task becomes more difficult as the height of the channels increases.

To ensure the required performance under any conditions, impellers with electric drives of various types are used.

This figure shows the centralized equipment of the facility. Here, one power unit is used, which provides air supply and outlet. When installing sensors and control devices, the ventilation performance of individual rooms is changed. When combined with, they solve the problem of maintaining comfortable temperature conditions.

air handling unit

What schemes are used to organize effective ventilation in a private home?

In practice, various combinations of natural and forced methods are used. To clarify the requirements of the technical specifications, it is necessary to study in detail the standard design solutions.

Supply ventilation in a private house: principle of operation

Using this kit, you can provide a dosed supply of purified air into the room:

• To protect against the penetration of insects and leaves, there is a removable grille (1).
• Air movement is provided by electric (2). The rotor speed of this model is adjusted by switch (5) in steps.
• The liner (3) made of porous material retains small mechanical impurities.
• The internal grille (4) performs decorative functions.
• The sliding design of the pipe (6) ensures precise installation taking into account a certain wall thickness.

In such devices, multi-stage speed regulators, fine filters, and heaters are installed. Built-in electronics allow you to set custom operating modes based on time and temperature. Operation is simplified using remote controls.

Modern systems are combined with intelligent control and management complexes of the “smart home” category. This simplifies the optimization of equipment operation and allows for remote control of equipment via a network.

Features of exhaust ventilation in a private house

This system is needed to effectively remove exhaust and polluted air from premises. With its help, gas combustion products are removed from the atmosphere of residential real estate during operation and.

Using this example, you can explore the solution to a typical problem in a separate function block. This system removes moist air from the bathroom and odors from the toilet using forced ventilation. Electric drives are connected to power separately. Installed in the toilet. It turns off the fan automatically at the desired time interval after turning off the lights in the room. The reverse movement of air is blocked by two. Contaminants are discharged out through a common shaft.

In this option, you should not increase the length of the side channels excessively and use several turns. This will increase the resistance, so a more powerful fan will be needed.

For your information! In such systems, significant temperature differences occur over a small section of the route. This stimulates the appearance of moisture on internal surfaces. To prevent condensation from penetrating indoors, you should make a slight slope towards the street for free drainage.

On a three-dimensional model it is easier than on a flat drawing to study the relative position of engineering systems, decorative and functional elements of a house. This approach minimizes errors. In particular, for better ventilation, the supply and exhaust are installed diagonally in the room. Space is cleared around the ventilation holes so as not to create artificial obstacles to the movement of air.

Expanded possibilities for high-quality supply and exhaust ventilation in a private home

As the name suggests, this system provides fresh air in and exhaust air out. An integrated approach allows for economical use of energy resources and consistent implementation of assigned tasks.

The principle of operation of this technique is clear from the figure. The heat exchanger combines two channels (exhaust and supply) without mixing. This solution helps to preheat/cool air without using additional energy sources.

air handling unit with recuperator

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Below are other important facts worth noting:

• It is quite acceptable to use several dependent and autonomous systems in one object. The example above shows that it is better to equip the house attached to it with separate ventilation.
• In some rooms it is more convenient to install individual sets of equipment. The breather can be installed in an hour. It does not need to be connected to the central ventilation duct. All work is carried out without making changes to the decoration of the room.
• When assessing the noise level of duct installations, experienced specialists recommend taking measurements in the area of ​​the inlet and outlet openings, near units equipped with electric drives. Manufacturers indicate acoustic power or sound pressure in the accompanying documentation. For comparison, you need to take the same parameters.
• The power of standard heating elements exceeds 3 kW. This allows you to quickly raise the temperature at any time of the year. But you need to make sure that the wiring and other network components are designed to handle the appropriate loads. If necessary, install a liquid heat exchanger.
• The automation parameters must be checked carefully. You should make sure that the remote control is easy to use and the settings are simple. In addition to the standard change in rotation speed, the ability to set an individual time schedule will be useful. At night, for example, reduce the temperature and ventilation intensity.
• It will be useful to save user settings in memory. Maintenance is simplified if there is a differential pressure sensor. This device measures pressure changes before and after the filter. An increasing difference in readings will indicate excessive contamination. In cheap modifications, time-based alarms are installed, which do not provide high accuracy of control.
• Self-diagnosis using software and electronic tools will help you find out about equipment problems in a timely manner. Additional convenience is provided by notifying the user with sending messages to a smartphone, or other mobile device, or desktop computer.
• In serial equipment for household use, G4 filters are installed, which are capable of removing poplar fluff, bird feathers, and other large impurities. If necessary, elements with small channels are installed instead or sequentially. Retention of particles smaller than one micrometer is acceptable. It must be remembered that such modernization will increase the load on ventilation units.

When developing project documentation, it is necessary to separately study the issues of future operation. Ventilation equipment will have to be serviced. It is necessary to exclude situations when, in order to inspect and perform routine maintenance, parts of decorative finishing and building structures have to be dismantled. For this reason, it is more convenient to place fans, filters and other system components in a special technological room. This solution will simplify the creation of effective noise insulation of the ventilation unit.

What to consider when equipping individual rooms

During the distribution of flows, it is necessary to ensure the initial penetration of air from the street into the living room, bedroom, and other living rooms. From there, he is sent to the technical rooms, to the storerooms. This solution will create excess pressure in places of permanent residence, which will prevent unpleasant odors and other contaminants from entering there.

For your information! According to current standards, “permanently occupied” rooms are rooms in which people stay for more than 6 hours in one day or for at least 2 hours continuously.

Ventilation in the kitchen in a private house: a rational solution to complex problems

In this room the temperature varies over a wide range. The cooking process is accompanied by the appearance of odors and atmospheric pollution with hazardous and persistent impurities. It is necessary to take into account not only the intensity, but also the high frequency of various negative impacts.

It is also necessary to remember the peculiarities of working with kitchen appliances. If installed, an air exchange of at least 60 cubic meters should be ensured. per person per hour. When installing a gas stove, this standard is increased by 50% (up to 90 cubic meters).

infiltration supply valve

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For your information! The minimum distance from the hood body to the gas/electric stove must be at least 65/75 cm, respectively.

Principles of coordinated operation of the two systems:

• Rice. "A". Initially, the design of the house provided only natural ventilation using an opening (2). It can be seen that part (1) will reduce the cross-section of the common channel (3) after installation.
• In Fig. “B” shows the work (5), which is installed behind the decorative grille (4). When the hood fan is turned on, it closes, blocking the air flow in the opposite direction.
• The following figure “C” shows how natural ventilation works.

Table hoods lower into the cabinet furniture when turned off. They can be connected to ventilation shafts according to a standard diagram, from above. But if necessary, the corresponding channels are created in . The latter option involves significant changes in architectural designs. It is used in the construction of houses and during major renovations.

kitchen hoods

To maintain high performance, the following details must be taken into account when designing the hood connection:

• Corrugated pipes are not difficult to work with. But these products create greater resistance to air flow compared to smooth channel walls.
• The cross-section of the air duct is selected in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. It should not be less than the specified value.
• When laying the route, it is necessary to prevent flattening of flexible pipes and other significant deformations. The number of turns should be minimized.

An approximate calculation of the required hood performance can be made using the formula P = (L x W x H) x 12 x 1.25, Where

• P– the maximum amount of air removed from the room per hour in cubic meters;
• D,Sh And IN– length, width and height of the room in meters;
• 12 – standard correction factor;
• 1,25 – additional power reserve, which is useful for quickly removing fumes from burnt food.

This operation can be performed safely by using steam over boiling water. Special detergents are also used. To remind you of routine procedures, hoods are equipped with electronic timers with sound and light alarms.

Here the hood is supplemented with air conditioning. This technique is more expensive than standard models. But it is capable of maintaining a user-specified temperature in the room.

Such equipment performs the functions of a filter. With its help, pollution is retained. As a rule, additional elements with carbon fillers are used. These sorption technologies help remove the smallest impurities and unpleasant odors. However, in any case, it is necessary to ensure work. In this embodiment, an existing shaft is used. To increase productivity, forced mechanisms are installed in the input (exhaust) tract.

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How to create good ventilation in the toilet and bathroom

To calculate the needs of these parts of the property, the following air exchange standards in cubic meters are used. in an hour:

• 25 – for each individual room;
• 50 – for a combined bathroom.

Insufficient ventilation in the bathroom in a private house contributes to the appearance of mold and fungal colonies. In addition to the unsightly appearance, the composition of the atmosphere will deteriorate. Some microorganisms provoke the occurrence of diseases dangerous to health, so appropriate preventive measures can be called mandatory. Of course, we must not forget about peeling paint and damage to other decorative coatings, and the intensification of destructive corrosion processes.

Air can be supplied here from living rooms and corridors. If there are not enough existing cracks, through holes with plastic inserts are made in the door panels.

supply valve for windows

Natural ventilation is not sufficient for such premises. Therefore, more productive compulsory systems are used. The choice of fan is made taking into account individual conditions. The above are the minimum regulatory requirements. They will not be enough if you shower frequently and there are many people living in the house. As in the case of the kitchen, it is better to install a sufficient power reserve here.

For your information! For an approximate calculation, you can use the above formula with the coefficient “5” instead of “12”.

The walls are reinforced with a piece of plastic pipe. The installation location is chosen at a distance from plumbing fixtures in order to prevent accidental splashes on the body of the equipment.

When choosing equipment, you need to pay attention to the features of modern models:

• The grille and body made of durable polymers are not damaged in conditions of high humidity or temperature changes.
• An aerodynamic impeller with a large number of blades creates a strong air flow at relatively low speeds, with minimal noise.
• Vibrations from the electric drive are effectively dampened by damping inserts.
• The rotor supports on ball bearings are designed for long-term intensive use.
• Good tightness of the joints of individual parts prevents moisture from penetrating inside.
• Light weight makes installation easier.
• Some models are additionally, or as standard, equipped with check valves.

For your information! When choosing a fan for a small room, pay special attention to the noise level. A value of 35 dB and below can be called quite acceptable. If the manufacturer specified less than 25 dB, the sound of the operating electric drive will not be heard at a distance of several meters.

exhaust fan for toilet

Special ventilation in the basement of a private house: reliable protection against mold and dampness

The requirements for the system design are formulated taking into account the intended purpose of the premises in this part of the building. With an area of ​​up to 40-50 sq. m. In a low-rise building, it is enough to install natural ventilation.

This figure can be used to explain the main parameters of the system:

• The entrance hole is covered with a grill to prevent rodents from entering.
• The opening of the supply pipe in the basement is mounted at a distance of 20-30 cm from the floor level.
• The hood is installed diagonally. The pipe entrance is 20 cm below the ceiling.
• A plug is used to block the channel in winter, preventing the penetration of cold air.
• An “umbrella” on the roof protects against precipitation from entering the system.

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In the review we will talk about how the air circulation diagram in such rooms should be arranged, as well as what types there are. After all, in a garage it is necessary not only to remove gases, but also to maintain humidity at the required level - its excess reduces the service life of the car.

The examples given are suitable for organizing suitable conditions in the lower part of the building for storing vegetables, canned goods, gardening tools, and consumables.

In this case, standard standards for living rooms are used to calculate the system and individual parts. They make additional supplies for the gym, shower room, and kitchen unit. Productivity is increased with forced ventilation.

Important! To figure out how to make ventilation in the basement of a private house, you need to create a list of requirements in advance, taking into account the characteristics of individual rooms. The mode of their operation also matters.

Mandatory requirements for boiler room ventilation

The parameters of the ventilation system when installing gas equipment are precisely established by the current building codes and regulations:

• The minimum supply capacity is determined by the characteristics of the boiler. The cross-sectional area of ​​the input channel is normalized (in cm2 per 1 kW of heating equipment power):

1. 8 or more if the inflow is made directly from the street;
2. more than 30 when air comes from adjacent rooms.

• The exit hole is made on the ceiling. It is connected to the central ventilation shaft of the house.
• In addition to the main one, it is necessary to install a second channel (25-30 cm lower) for routine inspections and removal of contaminants.
• The volume of the room is made no less than 7.5 cubic meters. with a total power of heating equipment up to 30 kW.

For your information! A heated attic in a private house is ventilated using the usual standards for residential premises.

How does the ventilation of the sewerage system perform its functions in a private house?

The diagram of sewer ventilation in a private house shows that the number of outlet channels is determined by the design features of the sewer system. Here one pipe is installed in front. The second is in the far part of the infiltrator.

If it is not possible to install ventilation ducts on all risers, only the far part is connected to the roof outlet. The deflector increases the efficiency of removing contaminated air.

In this figure the following parts are indicated by numbers:

• (1) connected to heating equipment;
• “backlash channel” (2);
• wooden (3) and cast iron (4) cover;
• outlet section of the ventilation system (5);
• brickwork (6);
• clay castle (7), preventing the penetration of contaminants into the soil.

Base ventilation: important nuances

If this part of the building is not in use due to its low height, or for other reasons, appropriate protective measures are necessary. Organizing good ventilation in a private house without a basement prevents damage to wooden parts of structures by rotting processes and the appearance of fungal spores that are dangerous to humans.

For your information! Installation of ventilation for the basement floor of a private house is necessary for the timely removal of radon. This radioactive gas is not detectable by human senses.

Normalizing the humidity level in the pool using efficient ventilation

This information will help you formulate the correct ventilation requirements for the relevant premises:

• Experts recommend not increasing the water content in the atmosphere above 14 g per kg of air.
• The normal range of relative humidity is 40 to 655.
• If the surface temperature is below the dew point, intense condensation occurs. Such processes, in particular, can be observed on the outer walls of air duct pipes.
• To prevent drafts and the respiratory diseases caused by them, the speed of air flow should not exceed 0.15 m per second.
• Increasing the pressure in the room (special adjustment of inlet and outlet) will prevent chlorine chemical compounds from entering other rooms. If this pressure is set to more than 15-25 Pa, obstacles may arise when opening the doors.

How to make ventilation in a private house: preparation of calculations, design documentation

When calculating ventilation in a private home, professionals determine the following important parameters:

• Air exchange system capacity in cubic meters. in an hour. It is determined for each functional room separately, based on current standards and operating characteristics.
• The characteristics of the individual components of the air distribution network are further clarified:

1. channel sizes;
2. dimensions of distribution devices;
3. resistance to air movement;
4. power ;
5. consumed electrical energy.

• The data obtained is used to select a suitable air handling unit.

For your information! In order not to have to figure out how to properly install ventilation in a private home, you can use the help of experienced specialists. When purchasing equipment, such services are provided free of charge by specialized stores.

The materials posted in this article will help you understand how to make a hood in a private home yourself. It should be noted that in any case, personal preferences are of decisive importance. For a demanding user, the volumes of fresh air specified in building regulations may not be enough.

Do-it-yourself ventilation schemes in a private house: overview of standard solutions

Creating high-quality ventilation in a private house with your own hands

Such supply and exhaust ventilation can be created with your own hands. But to implement large-scale plans, you will have to study design issues at a professional level. You will need knowledge on how to properly set up the joint operation of all engineering systems in the house.

Proper distribution of labor and other resources will help solve difficult problems without errors. The execution of individual works and the most complex stages can be entrusted to specialized specialists. Some parts of the supply ventilation can be installed with your own hands without the help of assistants.

Proper solution of individual tasks during system installation

The installation of channels should not violate the tightness of the layers. Damage to wiring, water and gas supplies should be avoided. In order not to disrupt hidden communications, precise plans and step-by-step photographs of construction processes are used. The necessary materials should be prepared in advance. Similar precautions will come in handy when installing underfloor ventilation in a private home. If possible, routes are installed under removable suspended ceiling panels. Dismantling wooden cladding will also not be overly difficult.

roof deflector

How to choose pipes and other components of the ventilation system without mistakes

With the help of such parts, a route with a complex configuration can be created quickly, without errors.

Various devices are used to clean the incoming air from contaminants. In addition to mechanical (mesh and volumetric), you can install photocatalytic, carbon and other types of filters. Some of them perform their functions efficiently, but do not increase air flow resistance.

Such products can be used if they are suitable in diameter. Products in this category (gray) are intended for indoor installation. Excessive heating (above +60°C) and strong mechanical stress should be prevented.

Step-by-step installation with comments

How to make ventilation in a house using specialized components is described in the following table:

Photo	Work operations, explanations, comments
	It is convenient to use the system for work. The specially reduced height helps save space.
	Such products are installed in horizontal and vertical positions.
	Manufacturers' assortment includes air ducts with different channels: round (diameter - 100; 125; 150 mm); rectangular (dimensions - 60 x 120; 60 x 204 mm).
	Fast and accurate installation is ensured by matching the dimensions of the joined parts and a large number of various additional elements. Lightweight products are not difficult to handle in hard-to-reach places or at heights. They are connected into a single structure without special tools. They are cut to the required size by hand with a wood blade.
	Before installation work, it is necessary to prepare design documentation. In accordance with the drawings, holes are made in certain places in the building structures.
	Next, select the necessary fittings.
	Tee.
	This product makes the transition from a rectangular section of the channel to a round pipe.
	Such bends are used to change the route in different planes.
	To speed up the assembly of ventilation in the house with your own hands, functional modules from several elements are connected in advance.
	Such blanks are mounted in the right places. Special fasteners are used to fix vertical and horizontal sections. This entrance hole is located taking into account that plasterboard sheathing with a decorative grille will be installed on top.
	To speed up work operations, cutting to size is done using . But the use of hand tools is quite acceptable.
	Connections are strengthened.

For your information! Installation of ventilation in a private house is often accompanied by drilling holes in the external walls to create supply channels. These complex operations are performed using diamond tips. To cool them, water is supplied to the working area, which flows down along with the debris, forming unpleasant spots. This procedure must be planned before finishing to prevent additional costs for restoring the flawless appearance of the facade.

Features of professional installation of ventilation in a private house: prices, scope of work, control operations

A correctly selected do-it-yourself ventilation scheme in a private scrapyard is a reliable basis for future success. Careful preparation will allow you to choose the best option for a specific structure and specific needs. An objective assessment of your own financial capabilities and installation skills will be useful. If necessary, specialized specialists can be involved to perform individual operations. You should carefully study technical innovations and modern materials so as not to miss out on current advantages in the relevant market segment.

In the comments to the article - ask questions on this topic, share your experience. To successfully solve complex problems, professional advice and knowledge about the practical implementation of similar projects will be useful.

When building private houses, many developers are interested in whether ventilation is needed in a private house and how it is done? It is necessary to decide on all these points at the housing design stage in order to avoid further alterations and various negative phenomena. Therefore, further we will get acquainted with all the types and features of ventilation systems in private houses, and also consider why they are needed in general.

Why ventilation in private houses?

It's no secret that ventilation is the key to a comfortable stay in a room. After all, it ensures the outflow of old air and the influx of fresh air, which is so necessary for human life.

True, in private houses not so long ago, ventilation systems, in the traditional sense of the word, were not installed, since the inflow and outflow of air was carried out naturally through cracks in wooden windows and doors. In addition, building materials were used that “breathe” on their own.

Nowadays, when building houses, as a rule, modern technologies are used, in particular, sealed plastic double-glazed windows are installed, insulation is performed with airtight insulation, etc. As a result, the structure is completely airtight.

In this case, organizing ventilation in a private house is simply necessary, otherwise the lack of air exchange will affect the well-being of the residents. In addition, increased levels of humidity will lead to mold on the walls, which will not only ruin the finish, but can also cause serious illness.

Types of ventilation

Arrangement of ventilation in a private house can be done in several ways:

Each type of ventilation has its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, if a country house is located in an area where the air is clean and fragrant, then it is not advisable to install a forced system, which, among other things, filters incoming air masses.

If the house is located in an urban area, then air purification is a necessity, because it is unlikely that anyone will want to breathe exhaust gases or industrial waste. But how to determine which ventilation is better in a particular case? Below we will try to answer this question.

In the photo - an air duct in a private house

Natural ventilation

Natural ventilation is an excellent choice if the house meets the following mandatory requirements:

1. As mentioned above, it is located in an area with truly clean air;
2. The walls were built from the following building materials:
   • wood;
   • cellular concrete (foam-gas block);
   • cinder block;
   • bricks, etc.

It should be noted that the natural ventilation system is also the cheapest, since there is no need to spend money on equipment, the price of which can be very high.

In addition, it has some other advantages:

• Operation does not require additional energy costs;
• The house will be filled with natural street air with all its aromas;
• With a correctly executed scheme, it is possible to regulate the intensity of air exchange.

Therefore, in private homes, where possible, systems with natural air exchange are installed. The design of such systems is extremely simple - the exhaust is carried out through the outside. Typically, the duct runs through the roof.

Air flow occurs through supply valves, which are installed in the walls. If necessary, these devices can be completely blocked.

Advice! You can check the effectiveness of ventilation using a match or lighter. To do this, you need to bring the light to. With good draft, the light should deviate towards the ventilation duct.

Supply and exhaust

The forced system is the most effective.

Therefore, it makes sense to perform it in the following cases:

1. If the outside air is polluted;
2. If the walls are insulated with airtight materials or built from the following materials:
   • expanded polystyrene concrete;
   • sandwich panels;
   • vacuum panels;
   • MDM panels, etc.

It must be said that the ventilation device in a private house in this case is quite complex. It is necessary to ensure air flow in all rooms, especially in rest and sleeping rooms, as well as in the kitchen.

Exhaust ducts, as a rule, are supplied to non-residential premises, such as:

• Kitchen;
• Toilet;
• Bathroom, etc.

Air is extracted from other rooms naturally, through cracks in the interior doors. At the same time, the forced system allows you to regulate air circulation.

Expensive equipment can maintain certain modes even in automatic mode thanks to electronics and built-in temperature and humidity sensors.

Components for ventilation in a private home usually include the following elements:

• Fans– clean air is forcibly sucked into the system and old air is removed.
• Filters– provide air purification. Since the degree of purification may vary, these devices are selected individually. It should be noted that in some cases filters are installed not only in the supply ducts, but also in the exhaust ducts, to protect them from clogging.
• Air ducts– channels through which fresh air is delivered and old air is removed. As a rule, steel or plastic pipes are used for this.
• Heaters– provide heating of incoming flows, which allows you to save on heating in winter, since the room is not cooled during ventilation.

The easiest way to perform supply and exhaust ventilation is using special installations. These devices contain all the necessary components, so installing ventilation in a private house comes down to installing air ducts and connecting the ventilation unit to them.

The best solution is installations with a recuperator, which provides heating of the supply air flows using the heat of the exhaust air. This type of device is the most economical in winter.

Advice! To prevent condensation in the ventilation in a private home, the air ducts located in the attic must be insulated.

Mixed systems

In mixed systems, forced exhaust is most often an addition to natural ventilation. For example, if a gas stove is installed in the kitchen, you can install an exhaust hood above it, which will draw out combustion products, steam and fat emissions during the cooking process.

In some cases, general forced traction is performed. The simplest version of its design is a ventilation grille with a fan. This device can be used in cases where there is insufficient draft in the system.

More advanced models of such fans can turn on automatically when the temperature or humidity in the room increases. If necessary, installing such a device with your own hands will not be difficult for any home craftsman.

Independent ventilation arrangement

Often, the construction of a house takes place in a strict economy mode. In this case, many of the works, including the installation of a ventilation system, are carried out by the owners themselves.

The assembly of all the components itself is not difficult. However, before installing ventilation in a private house, it is necessary to competently draw up a project.

Correct and efficient ventilation can only be carried out if it has been calculated beforehand.

The following factors are taken into account:

• Room volume;
• Number of people living in the house;
• The presence of furnaces and other devices that take away oxygen or pollute the air.

However, it hardly makes sense to spend a huge amount of your time, because a specialist can do this work much faster, and will also help you choose the most optimal and affordable scheme in a given case.

Note! It is better to tackle the project even before building a house, since ventilation ducts are often laid during the construction of walls.

Once the circuit is ready, installation is not difficult. The most important thing is to install the ventilation ducts if they were not laid during the construction of the walls.

As a rule, air ducts are connected to each other using clamps. Moreover, there are clamps that allow you to attach ventilation ducts to walls or even the ceiling.

When using special equipment, the installation procedure is contained in the instructions that are included in the kit. True, some complex electronically controlled models require debugging, which must be performed by specialists.

Here, perhaps, are all the main types and features of ventilation in private houses.

Conclusion

Ventilation in modern private houses is a prerequisite for comfortable and safe living. Since there are quite a few options for implementing the system, the choice depends on the characteristics of the house itself, environmental conditions and the financial capabilities of the owners.

The video in this article can provide some additional information on this topic.

Ventilation installation is an important procedure when building a house. The circulation of fresh air in the premises of the house is necessary to prevent the appearance of dampness and mold, which not only harm the structure itself, but also have a detrimental effect on human health.

Types of ventilation in a private house

There are three options for air circulation in the premises of the house:

• Natural type of ventilation. Air moves from the house to the street. Special channels through which air is directed help circulate air masses due to pressure.
• Forced type of ventilation or supply and exhaust system. It is an auxiliary air exhaust system. Produced using a special design for air exchange.
• Mixed type of ventilation. Natural ventilation is used in conjunction with forced ventilation.

Each type of ventilation has both pros and cons. For example, if the area of ​​residence is quite environmentally friendly, then installing a forced system is not necessary; residents of the house already have access to clean air. The filters built into the system will only prevent the aromas of nature from entering the house.

But if the home is located in an area where the environment leaves much to be desired, then air filtration must be present in the room. But installing ventilation requires careful planning and calculation.

How to make ventilation with your own hands

The most ideal option is to consider the issue of ventilation when planning the construction of a house. Supply ventilation must be thought out to the smallest detail.

It is necessary to take into account the basic input data of the object:

• Location of the house;
• Materials from which the house is built;
• Environment.

Only taking into account all of the above can you make a choice in favor of one option or another.

The natural method of ventilation is suitable for the following location features:

• Clean air in the building area;
• The house is built of brick, wood, adobe, foam concrete, ceramic or expanded clay blocks.

If the natural ventilation option is not able to provide normal air circulation, then a mixed type would be a good option. It is also possible to install ventilation in a specific room: kitchen, bathroom, etc.

Basement ventilation helps to ventilate the room and prevent the formation of mold.

Forced type ventilation system

A forced exhaust system is installed in cases where:

• The house is located in an area whose air must be free of pollution;
• During construction, 3D panels, sandwich and vacuum panels were used, frame type of house.

Under such circumstances, a forced filtration system is simply necessary to provide comfort to residents and extend the life of the building.

Do-it-yourself ventilation installation in a private house

To properly install ventilation in your home, you need to have some knowledge on this topic.

If the house does not have a natural exhaust hood, or it is not sufficient for a comfortable life for the residents, then an additional ventilation system is necessary.

Condensation on the walls, mold fungi and other negative factors often appear in bathrooms and bathrooms. Installing a wall fan will help eliminate these disadvantages.

Of course, installing this equipment is impossible without material costs, and the noise from the operation of the ventilation unit can bring discomfort to residents.

The fan can be powered by electricity or in conjunction with a lighting system.

Note!

Various types of installation of these systems can be seen in the photo of do-it-yourself ventilation.

The ventilation system must be of high quality so that the supply of fresh air through the ventilation pipes circulates in sufficient quantity for the comfortable existence of residents.

To properly install a ventilation system at home, study all the installation nuances and familiarize yourself with the basic rules and conditions for proper operation of the equipment. Carry out the installation in accordance with the diagram you calculated.

Photo of ventilation of a private house with your own hands

Note!

A properly built ventilation system for a private home is a process not driven by a whim or desire to comply with the norms and trends of modern housing, but a procedure that is extremely necessary to maintain climate balance. Complexity plays a special role here: it is not enough to arrange ventilation in the kitchen and bathroom (as many do). Every room in the house needs ventilation.

Insufficient air circulation between indoors and outdoors can lead to air stagnation, the formation of fungus and mold, and allergic reactions, heaviness throughout the body and poor health will become dubious “bonuses” in a room without ventilation.

The main types used in private homes are natural and forced, the distinctive features of which are the use (forced) of additional equipment, or ventilation using physical processes (natural).

Advantages and disadvantages of natural ventilation

The main advantage of natural ventilation is the simplicity and low cost of constructing the system, while forced ventilation can boast of more efficient and high-quality work.

Along with a number of undeniable advantages - low cost, ease of implementation - natural ventilation also has disadvantages, which, by the way, are significant. Many construction experts talk about the ineffectiveness of such a system and here’s why:

1. According to building codes, the permissible temperature outside should not be lower than +5 degrees, otherwise the draft will increase and a large amount of cold air will begin to enter the house. According to some data, heat losses from natural ventilation in some cases reach 40% of the total volume.
2. The situation is diametrically opposite to the previous point: if it is too hot outside, air exchange is minimized until air circulation completely stops.
3. There is no way to treat the air coming from the street. The environmental situation in the country and in the world leaves much to be desired. Clean air is more of a luxury than an ordinary thing. Untreated and unpurified air can cause many problems.
4. Ventilation in the room has limited adjustment. While it is still possible to reduce air exchange by tightly closing windows and doors, it is no longer possible to significantly increase it.

Air conditioning is mandatory

To create an effective atmosphere in the rooms of a private house, it is necessary to resort to complexity: the best option would be a combination of natural circulation with technological developments in this area (fans, filters, etc.).

Why do you need a hood in a private house with a stove or fireplace?

If a stove or fireplace is used in the house not as a decorative element, but performs its direct duties - heating the room, you need to take care of natural ventilation in double. For complete combustion of the fuel, a sufficient amount of oxidizer (in this case oxygen) is necessary. If there is a shortage of fuel, the fuel will not burn completely, releasing carbon monoxide, which will enter the living space. Naturally, there is little pleasant or useful in this.

Ventilation device in a house with a fireplace

If there is not enough air flow, then in the warm season you can open the window - this will be enough. In winter, such a trick is unlikely to work, so even at the construction stage it is advisable to install a pipe under the floor directly to the fireplace, through which the required amount of air will flow.

To organize a hood, they most often resort to the services of experts; this article is aimed at craftsmen who plan to carry out the installation themselves. Next, we will consider the main recommendations for constructing such ventilation, common problems and disadvantages.

How to make a natural ventilation system with your own hands

Natural ventilation works based on physical laws - due to the difference between warm air indoors and cold air outside (warm air is lighter) as well as pressure differences. Based on this, we came up with a simple design that is quite simple to make in a private house: in the center of the future home, most often in a load-bearing wall, a channel with a cross-section of about 130–140 mm is laid. Horizontal branches with a diameter of 100–100 mm are drawn from it into the rooms of the house.

Diagram and design of a system with a ventilation duct

Ventilation system design

Correct installation

Ventilation duct in the wall

To organize wiring they use. Then physics comes into play - warmer room air is under pressure and is drawn out due to traction force, colder street air enters the rooms through specially made channels, or naturally (doorways, open windows, etc.).

Placement of supply ducts in the wall

1. The thickness of the walls of the exhaust duct must be at least one and a half bricks. Otherwise, the air in it will quickly cool and the reverse process will occur - the air will not be drawn out, but will flow into the rooms.
2. The pipe at the outlet of the exhaust duct on the roof must be higher than the ridge. Otherwise, roof turbulence will interfere with the normal operation of the traction.

Bringing the system to the street

The main flow channel, as described above, is done in a standard manner. But the influx of fresh air coming from the street can be organized in two ways - either by making flow channels in the window sills, or by making gaps in the windows. When choosing the second method, it is better to use metal-plastic windows, which have one competitive advantage over wooden ones - an increased level of sound insulation. These measures will be enough to ventilate the house to the required extent.

Fresh air is essential

If we talk about the advantage of using natural ventilation over forced ventilation (filters, radiators, etc.), you need to focus on two points - noise and air frequency.

Natural ventilation does not require additional equipment (at least, you can do without it). This means that there will be no extraneous noise in the house from operating fans and radiators.

Many people, when installing air purifying filters, forget that they require constant replacement. After prolonged use, the filter becomes dirty and the air passing through it is not cleaned, but is supplied with an additional dose of dust and other substances, making it even more polluted. There is no need to control air exchange during natural ventilation - especially since some of the large particles coming into the house from the street along with the air settle on the windowsills, where they can be easily removed with a damp cloth. And if we assume that wet cleaning is carried out in the house regularly, then this should not cause any additional inconvenience.

Video: how to arrange a natural hood

Don't forget about the air conditioning system. A properly organized tandem of natural, forced ventilation and air conditioning will make life in the house comfortable and safe for health.

Plastic windows and armored doors, on the one hand, maintain the desired temperature in the premises, and on the other hand, they create problems with air exchange. A well-designed hood in a private home will eliminate the feeling of mustiness and condensation. In most cases, this is the only way to create a healthy microclimate in it.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the options for exhaust devices that can improve the microclimate. Together with you, we will analyze the calculations using a specific example. We describe in detail the process of installing a forced version of the hood for those who want to do the installation themselves.

The information provided is based on regulatory requirements. The information is supplemented by illustrations, step-by-step photo guides, diagrams, tables and videos.

Both in public buildings and in private houses, different types of ventilation systems are used. They differ in purpose, in the method of activating air flow and moving air masses. , designed to supply clean air to the house, is called supply air.

The design, the function of which is to remove exhaust air outside the room, is called exhaust. Ventilation with recirculation has a special mission. In this case, part of the air removed from the room is mixed with external cold air masses, with further heating of this mixture to the set temperature and return it to the room.

Air movement occurs as a result of processes that occur naturally due to the displacement of heated air with a lighter weight from the room by cold air, which has a higher volumetric weight.

The flow in such a system moves at low speed, since the weight of the warm and cold mass differs by a small amount. ventilation with natural impulse is irrational to use if its horizontal length exceeds 8 m.

More effective is a system with artificial activation of air flow, ensured by the operation of fans. The air ducts in this case are longer and can pass through several rooms. System elements are most often placed in the attic. This option is justified for large buildings.

There is a division into ducted and ductless systems. In the first case, the air moves through channels and air ducts, in the second, there is no organized air movement. In this case, you have to open the window transoms and doors. Natural ventilation creates more comfortable conditions for the residents of the house.

Image gallery

A ventilation system focused on removing exhaust air mass frees up space for the intake of fresh air

According to the method of exhaust air removal, exhaust ventilation systems are divided into ducted and ductless

According to the type of inducing air flow to move, ventilation systems are natural, forced and combined. In natural versions, air moves without the use of mechanical means; in combined versions, mechanical means and the laws of physics are used

In forced versions of the exhaust ventilation device, air is removed due to the operation of a suction fan installed in the exhaust air duct

A powerful supply and exhaust system is usually located in the attic of the house. Air ducts are protected with foil thermal insulation

Forced exhaust systems are mainly used in rooms with unstable humidity and temperature. They are more than appropriate in kitchens

An exhaust fan in the bathroom will quickly reduce humidity, which will eliminate mold and protect finished building structures from destruction.

To check the operation of the natural system hood, simply attach a sheet of paper to the grille. If it is not pressed by the air flow, the exhaust duct does not work

If you have doubts about traditional means of verification, you should contact the management company to check the system using technical means

We will use a corrugated pipe to install the exhaust air duct. We try it on at the installation site and, if necessary, modify the hole

We mark the points of attachment of the dome after the fact, with the help of which we will mask the exhaust device with the air duct

We install dowels into the holes drilled according to the markings, into which we screw the screws.

We cut the corrugated exhaust duct in accordance with the required dimensions. Cutting with regular scissors

We attach the camouflage dome to its future location, check the horizontal and vertical lines and the length of the corrugation

We connect the hood inside the dome to the exhaust duct. First, slightly compress the corrugation so that it fits snugly, straightening out in the hole.