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- Guys, today we will talk to you about fish. What do you know about them? What are they? (children's answers)
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Fish are aquatic inhabitants whose bodies are covered with scales.
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The body of a fish consists of a head, body, tail and fins.
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With the help of fins, fish turn in the water and change direction. The tail serves as a rudder for them.
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Fish breathe using gills. They close their gills and take a mouthful of water, and then open their gills and release water through them, “taking” oxygen from the water.
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Most fish spawn. Each egg then produces fry. They don't look exactly like adult fish. But a little time will pass and the fry will turn into adult fish.
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In winter, when the water freezes, the fish sink to the bottom. At this time, they lead a sedentary lifestyle and eat little. But there is very little oxygen in the water under the ice, so people make ice holes to make it easier for the fish to breathe.
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- And now, guys, let's talk to you about river fish.
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Crucian carp is a river fish, ranging in size from 30 to 50 cm. There are gold and silver crucian carp.
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Perch is a small river fish up to 30 cm long. Despite the fact that it is small, perch is a predatory fish.
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The ruff is a small fish that feeds on small organisms - crustaceans, etc. The ruff is found in rivers and lakes and is prey for larger fish.
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Catfish is a very large fish, up to 5 m long and weighing up to 300 kg. Catfish live in rivers and lakes. This fish has no scales. Catfish is a predator.
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Pike is a river predatory fish; it reaches a length of up to 2 m and weighs more than 60 kg. The color of the pike is speckled gray-green. Pike is very voracious. It feeds mainly on fish, frogs, and insects.
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- Let's remember what river fish you have just met? (children's answers)
- And now, let's talk to you about sea fish.
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Swordfish is one of the largest predatory fish. It reaches 4.5 meters in length and weighs up to 500 kg. It has a large semi-lunar fin on its tail, its upper jaw carries a sword, and its body is naked, without scales.
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Monkfish is a large fish up to 1.5 m long and weighs up to 20 kilograms. On the head there is a fishing rod - an appetizing glowing “bait” for other fish.
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Flying fish are small, from 15 to 25-35 cm. Even the giant flying fish is no longer than 50 cm. Its pectoral fins are slightly shorter than the body and contain a large number of rays.
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The electric stingray is a large fish, often reaching a length of 2 m and a weight of 100 kg, with an almost round body disk and bare skin, devoid of thorns and spines. They use their formidable weapons mainly to kill prey and, of course, for defense.
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The zebra fish is a saltwater fish colored with cream and burgundy stripes. The body of the zebra fish is equipped with a large number of fins, spines and other appendages. In a moment of danger, she quickly turns from side to side, trying to stand with her back to the enemy, and hits him with her dorsal fins. Lionfish venom is extremely dangerous.
- Well, guys, we introduced you to two types of fish. Remind me what types of fish exist? (children's answers). Well done, which fish can we classify as river and which as sea?
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- The river is the habitat of many fish. In it you can find different types river fish, for example: ruffe, crucian carp, perch, catfish and pike.
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- Ruff
- The length of an adult ruff is 10 cm and weighs more than 100 grams. The back of the fish is gray-green with black dots, the sides are yellow, the belly is gray or white. The color of the ruffe depends on its habitat: in rivers with a clean sandy bottom, the color of the fish is lighter than in muddy reservoirs. Feature fish - a spiny dorsal fin consisting of several rays. The main food of the ruffe is cyclops, small crustaceans, worms, leeches. The sense organ with which the fish hunts is the lateral line; with its help, even in complete darkness, the ruff can find immovable prey. The lifespan of the ruffe rarely reaches 7-11 years.
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Gold and silver crucian carp
- Silver crucian carp, unlike gold carp, has a silvery belly, more gill rakers The pectoral and ventral fins of the golden one are slightly reddish, those of the silver one are yellowish or gray, like all other fins in individuals of both species. The mouth of crucian carp is small.
- Crucian carp are characterized by great unpretentiousness to water quality. They are found both in large and clear lakes and rivers; often inhabit muddy ponds, quiet river backwaters, various ditches, quarries and even swampy reservoirs with acidic water, where other fish cannot live.. They are tolerant to low temperatures and do not die as a result of freezing into ice. In winter, as in the case of temporary drying up of a reservoir, they are buried in silt, where they remain motionless all the time. Silver crucian carp can bury themselves in the mud after being frightened for several minutes (UP TO 10). The crucian carp leave their winter shelters only after the ice has melted and the water has sufficiently warmed up.
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Golden crucian carp
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River perch
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Perch
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Som
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Big Catfish
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Pike is a lake and river fish. Pike has an elongated, cylindrical or moderately laterally compressed body. A large head relative to the length of the body. The dorsal fin is located at the back of the body, which allows it to quickly accelerate and maneuver through the water. The color varies greatly depending on the habitat - the back is usually greenish-brown, the belly is light silver. The jaws are equipped with teeth oriented towards the inside of the mouth. Pike can prey on almost anything it can grab: waterfowl, animals, rodents. Pike feeds throughout the daylight hours. The larger the pike, the less often it feeds. Shchuryats with a length of 15 to 60-70 mm feed on crustaceans, primarily crustaceans. By June, two-month-old squirrels switch to feeding on the young of other fish.
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Presentation on the topic: River fish.
The river is the habitat of many fish. In it you can find different types of river fish, for example: ruff, crucian carp, perch, catfish and pike.
Ruff The length of an adult ruff is 10 cm and weighs more than 100 grams. The back of the fish is gray-green with black dots, the sides are yellow, the belly is gray or white. The color of the ruffe depends on its habitat: in rivers with a clean sandy bottom, the color of the fish is lighter than in muddy reservoirs. A characteristic feature of the fish is its spiny dorsal fin, consisting of several rays. The main food of the ruffe is cyclops, small crustaceans, worms, leeches. The sense organ with which the fish hunts is the lateral line; with its help, even in complete darkness, the ruff can find immovable prey. The lifespan of the ruffe rarely reaches 7-11 years.
Silver crucian carp, unlike gold carp, has a silvery belly and a larger number of gill rakers. The pectoral and ventral fins of gold carp are slightly reddish, those of silver carp are yellowish or gray, like all other fins in individuals of both species. The mouth of crucian carp is small. Crucian carp are characterized by great unpretentiousness to water quality. They are found both in large and clear lakes and rivers; often inhabit muddy ponds, quiet river backwaters, various ditches, quarries and even swampy reservoirs with acidic water, where other fish cannot live.. They are tolerant of low temperatures and do not die as a result of freezing into ice. In winter, as in the case of temporary drying up of a reservoir, they are buried in silt, where they remain motionless all the time. Silver crucian carp can bury themselves in the mud after being frightened for several minutes (UP TO 10). The crucian carp leave their winter shelters only after the ice has melted and the water has sufficiently warmed up.
Gold and silver crucian carp
Golden crucian carp
Big Catfish
Pike is a lake and river fish. Pike has an elongated, cylindrical or moderately laterally compressed body. A large head relative to the length of the body. The dorsal fin is located at the back of the body, which allows it to quickly accelerate and maneuver through the water. The color varies greatly depending on the habitat - the back is usually greenish-brown, the belly is light silver. The jaws are equipped with teeth oriented towards the inside of the mouth. Pike can prey on almost anything it can grab: waterfowl, animals, rodents. Pike feeds throughout the daylight hours. The larger the pike, the less often it feeds. Shchuryats with a length of 15 to 60-70 mm feed on crustaceans, primarily crustaceans. By June, two-month-old squirrels switch to feeding on the young of other fish.
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Annual project THE AMAZING WORLD OF FISH
Completed by: Student 1B grade Kosolapov Pavel Kirovsk 2016
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Where I collected information about fish:
I went fishing with my dad. I looked for information on the Internet, on Wikipedia. I read the books (V. Svechnikov. Fishes. Encyclopedia, Butterfly over the Bay by T.A. Kudryavtsev). I watched “Educational films for children and not only”, “Life on Planet Earth. Fish." and the cartoon “Move Your Fins”, “Nemo” I watched the program “Dialogues about Fishing”.
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Types of natural inhabitants:
1. Fish are sea, river and lake. 2. Cartilaginous (shark, sea fox) and bony (pink salmon, perch, Napoleon fish) 3. Predatory (pike, perch, pike perch, catfish) and peaceful (silver carp). 4. Big and small. 5. Poisonous (puffer fish and fugu) and healthy (shark meat is very healthy and rich in vitamins). 6. Dangerous and safe.
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Fishes of the Leningrad region
According to Wikipedia, there are more than 80 species of fish in the waters of the Leningrad Region. Fish adapt very well to different conditions. Thanks to this, they were able to populate seas and oceans, rivers and lakes, ponds and streams.
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Mysterious structural features of fish
Do you know that many fish have good eyesight, but they do not have eyelids. They even sleep with their eyes open. Some fish lie on their sides. Most fish have eyes located on both sides of the head, and the fish can see with each eye separately: it sees immediately in front of it, behind it, and below it. Most fish swim forward, bending their body in waves. Fins help them move: caudal and lateral. It is easier for a fish to swim if its body has an elongated shape. Just like people, fish can breathe, when a fish swallows water, the water passes through the gills. The gills absorb oxygen and then expel water through external slits behind the eyes. And then there are flying fish. Jumping out of the water, they soar on elongated fins, leaving the predator far behind.
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Structure of fish
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Fish are good at hiding, and their coloring helps them do this. They can hide near a stone or among algae so that they are completely invisible. The hedgehog fish is covered with long needles. And the digger fish loves to dig in the ground. Do you know how long fish live? (from 5 to 100 years!) Small fish live less, but large fish (pike, catfish) can live to a ripe old age. After all, they have no enemies in reservoirs. If they do not get caught by a fisherman, they will live a very long time.
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Mysterious facts from the life of fish:
There are fish that you don’t feed with bread, just let them walk on the ground. Thus, a small fish called Anabas lives in the freshwater reservoirs of South Asia. After leaving the pond, she is able to calmly “walk” in the fresh air for 6-8 hours. In search of food, Anabas can “move” from one puddle to another or climb a tree. Its fin bones are very strong, and for breathing there is a special organ in the form of a labyrinth, so the duration of the walk sometimes reaches 8 hours.
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What do fish eat?
According to the way they feed, fish are divided into predatory and peaceful. Carnivores are those that eat other fish, as well as some animals and birds. Predatory fish include pike, perch, pike perch, catfish, burbot, beluga, chub, etc. Peaceful fish eat worms, crustaceans, mollusks, insects and their larvae and, in addition, partially feed on plants. However, there are few pure plant fish. Their most typical representatives are grass carp and silver carp. Peaceful fish usually have no teeth in their mouths, and the mouth itself is relatively small. For the most part, predatory fish have a very large mouth and are armed with teeth.
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Dangers to fish?
1. The main danger for fish is that they will be caught by fishermen using a fishing rod or net. 2. An important danger for fish is that it will become food for predatory fish. 3. Fish die due to pollution and drying out of the reservoir.
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Interesting from books:
From the book “Butterfly over the Bay” I learned that in our reservoirs there is a small beautiful fish named Ukleya. Its scales have a silvery-metallic color and are delicate and not at all prickly. The scales are so weakly attached to the body that they fly off when touched and stick to the hands. Previously, Russian merchants sold these fish scales to Germany. There they made artificial pearls from it.
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Monument to the fish Stickleback:
During the Leningrad blockade, stickleback saved the lives of thousands of people. In Kronstadt, on the wall of the Obvodny Canal near the Blue Bridge, a touching monument was erected to this “siege little fish that helped people survive.”
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My hobby is fishing: My dad and I really love fishing, especially pike!
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River perch The average weight ranges from 400 g to 3 kg. The length of the fish can exceed 1 meter, but the average size of the perch is usually no more than 30-45 cm. Under natural conditions, these fish are hunted by larger predatory fish, otters, herons and humans.
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Pike The average length is 1 meter with an average weight of 8 kilograms. Individual individuals grow up to 1.8 m and have a body weight of up to 35 kg, with females usually larger than males. In the spring, after forced winter fasting, it rushes at everything and can pursue the victim for a long time until the pursuit is crowned with success. This fish is a voracious and indiscriminate predator; it can even eat other pike, especially small ones.
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Catfish are very smart and cunning fish. To lure prey, it moves its whiskers, imitating the movement of worms, and at the same time opens its mouth. At the sight of prey, the catfish draws in water along with its trusting prey. very greedy fish. He picks up everything edible that falls into the water: a passing duck, a nest hanging above the water, small fish, larvae, frogs, shells, crayfish, or birds that accidentally fall into the pond. The weight of this predatory fish can reach 400 kg, and its length is 5 meters. Depending on the habitat, the color of the catfish can range from yellow to black. a dangerous predator; there are even known cases of this fish attacking people.
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Crucian carp Goldfish are often used as experimental animals in scientific experiments. For example, they were the first fish to go into space. Crucian carp have a highly developed sense of smell, so they are able to detect the finest odors in water at a considerable distance. These fish are attracted to strong odors, so fishermen often add garlic, valerian tincture and other strong-smelling substances to the bait. Weight no more than 2.5 kg. In lakes and ponds with little food, when overcrowded, crucian carp becomes smaller and even at an advanced age does not exceed 10 cm in length
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Ruff The length of an adult is 10 cm. Weight is from 15 to 30 grams. A large ruff reaches a length of up to 20 cm and weighs up to 100 grams. The ruff has many spines on its fins. The common ruffe feeds on smaller fish, invertebrates, insects, plants, and fry, but its main food is crayfish. In the spring it eats the eggs of other fish. Ruff doesn't like river currents, sunlight and warm water. IN summer period the fish descends to a depth of 2 meters. The age of the ruff is determined by the number of lines on the scales. Females can live up to 11 years, and males up to 7 years.
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Herring Typically, the maximum lifespan of a herring is up to 25 years. Average individuals have a body length of up to 35 centimeters: the photo shows that the title of the most large fish they don't pretend. However, some individuals can grow to a length of more than 40 centimeters. Feeds on sea crustacean larvae
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Cod Cod fish grows throughout its life, and most fish by the age of 3 grow in length to an average of 40-50 cm. The size of mature cod individuals depends on the area, the largest representatives of the Atlantic cod species reach 1.8-2 m in length , while the weight of cod can be about 96 kg. Feeds various types fish: capelin, herring, polar cod, saury, sprat, smelt, as well as young and medium-sized individuals of their own kind. In summer, krill and bivalves are added to the main menu, in which the cod bites off the legs extended from the shell.