Planer table lifting mechanism. About jointing machines in general. Main components of a jointer

What do you need to make a homemade jointer with your own hands? First you need to decide on the types of this tool.

There are three types of jointer.

1. The first is manual, reminiscent of an elongated plane.
2. The second is an electric planer, it looks like a circular saw with a horizontal knife.
3. And the third is a jointing machine.

Its main parts are the statina and the jointing shaft.

How to make a jointer with your own hands?

The proposed version of the jointer will allow you to easily process workpieces longer than 60 cm. The basis of this woodworking machine is a manual electric plane Russian production– Interskol.

The power tool has been slightly modified. For example, the original soles were removed. And additional holes are cut in the plastic body for easier release of chips from the plane.

To create a jointer, you will need a table to which an electric plane will be attached from below. The base of the machine table top is made of two corners soldered to each other. Total length work surface is 130 cm.

The photo shows the holes with which the plane will later be attached.

1) For precise and high-quality processing of wood, a stop is required. It must be welded perpendicular to the work surface. The same stop is welded on the other side.

2) Then the guide can be screwed to the welded stops. You can use flat boards as a guide. In our case, this is a piece of chipboard.

Very important point is that the serving and receiving parts of the table are on different levels. More precisely, the entire feeding part is 1 mm lower. This difference allows you to cut off a layer 1 mm thick from the workpiece. The feeding and receiving parts are connected to each other by two parts on the sides. The connecting parts in our case are a cut channel.

The table is assembled together using electrode welding. 2.5 mm electrodes were used so as not to burn through the metal. Welding was done by spot welding.

The machine stands on 3 legs. On one side there are two thin legs made of metal pipes, and on the other side there is a thicker leg. To answer the question why exactly 3 legs, you need to remember the geometry. After all, a plane can be drawn through any three points. A machine with three legs will stand firmly even on an uneven floor, while a four-legged machine will wobble in this case.

And in order to prevent the entire machine from falling apart, two metal pipes were welded along two diagonals. This increased the strength of the structure.

Once the table is assembled and ready, you can begin attaching the power tool. Standard mounting screws are used as connecting elements. They attached the original sole. The plane is attached from below. For a tighter fit, you can use a compensating gasket. The photo clearly shows that the gasket adds thickness.

By leaning the plane against the bottom and aligning the bolts with the holes, you can tighten the mounting bolts. They should be wrapped securely. So that the plane does not fall off later. Now you can turn on the assembled homemade jointer and feel free to work on it.

Video: homemade jointer.

Video: second part.

Video: third part.

Contents:

For any work to be successful, you must have good equipment and tools. The same statement also applies to amateurs (or professionals) “tinkering” with wood. Craftsmen who make furniture or other wooden products always try to acquire various tools and devices that can help them in their work.

For example, a jointer. This device significantly increases the productivity and quality of woodworking. But not all fans can purchase it, because its price is quite high. How to get out of such a difficult situation? There is a solution, and it’s quite simple - it’s to make a tabletop jointer with your own hands. And the manufacturing process itself will be discussed in the article.

Why do you need a jointer?

A woodworking shop can have a variety of machines, but the most commonly used (besides the circular saw, of course) are jointers and planers. These two types of units are slightly similar in their function, but differ in the method of use.

If you need to make a wooden blank in the form of a board, beam or shield, then it is better to use a thickness planer. Such a device, the main tool of which is the same knife, is capable of cutting the source material into two parallel parts. In this case, both of them will be adjusted to certain sizes.

Thicknessing machines are available in both single-sided and double-sided types. In the first case, only one side of the workpiece is processed in one pass. A double-sided thickness planer is more productive. Here the output is an almost finished part.

Thicknessing machines have a shaft located above the table top. Moreover, the latter is made massive in order to smooth out large vibrations. In addition, the mechanism is equipped with a special casing, which is designed to dampen noise.

A jointer has a slightly different task. This device is used to create a smooth surface without significant roughness on the workpiece. This machine, like the previous version, is equipped with a shaft with knives, only in the jointer it is located under the tabletop.

The workpiece is fed onto the work surface from one side, and the output from the opposite side is already partially processed. This way, layer by layer, the desired evenness is achieved. After processing on a jointer, the part can be fed to a surface planer.

Basic Concepts

Such equipment will have numerous rotating parts. From this we can conclude that making such a machine with your own hands will not be so easy. Therefore, when starting to manufacture it, you need to calculate your strength. If you already have some similar experience, then you will cope with the task.
It is worth noting right away that you will not be able to make a jointing machine entirely from parts of your own making. Of course, perhaps in your “bins” there is a large assortment various devices, but this rarely happens. First of all, this concerns the shaft with knives and bearings. They will most likely have to be purchased or even ordered. But if everything you need is available, then you can safely start designing.

Some parts for the jointer: knife shaft, knife bearings, will have to be purchased or ordered

First of all, it’s worth understanding what kind of “package” you want to receive. There may be several options:

1. just a jointer. It will only perform one function;
2. set of jointer and circular saw. In this case, the functionality of the machine is doubled;
3. equipment capable of performing the role of a jointer, a circular saw, a grinding device, a grinding and drilling machine. Such a device will be very useful for your workshop, but it will be difficult to do it yourself.

The most optimal and easiest option is to make a jointer and a circular saw on the same bed. Plus, both tools will rotate from the same electric motor. This feature will greatly facilitate our task.

Let's look at the main components of our future tabletop jointing machine. It will include:

• Bed. This structure will support the entire machine and the equipment installed on it. To make it, it is best to use durable channels with a wall thickness of 8-10 millimeters. The bed can be made either collapsible or permanent. In the first case, all its components will be connected using bolts and nuts. If you do not need a portable machine, then the channels can be secured together by welding. This option will be more reliable. You can do without a bed if its role is played by a desktop;
• Working tool. This is one of the most important components of the machine. The jointer knives and the saw itself - it is with their help that you will saw and process the boards. The knives are firmly attached to the shaft. They must be made of reliable and strong steel. Circular saw with pobedit tips. Such a tool will last you much longer;
• The rotor is where all the tools will be attached. Without this part it is impossible to make a single machine, planer or circular saw. Finding a suitable rotor can be quite difficult, so it is better to order it from a professional turner, having previously provided it with drawings;
• Desk. For a properly functioning machine, you need three surfaces. One will serve as a workbench for a circular saw, and the other two for a jointer. The thickness of the material for the working surface must be at least five millimeters. For these purposes, multilayer plywood or metal sheets. In this case, it is advisable to make a slight difference in height for surfaces intended for jointing. The side along which the workpiece will be fed should be a couple of millimeters lower than the side to which the already processed side will go. This difference will make work easier and significantly reduce vibration.

Electric drive of the jointer

And of course, don’t forget about the drive. All mechanisms must rotate. This means that the drive will be the “heart” of the machine. Here are some recommendations for this design element:
- First of all, prepare the electric motor.

Electric motor for jointer

It is best to use a three-phase unit for these purposes. Of course, in this case you may have to redo the electrical network in your workshop, but it will be worth it. Three-phase electric motors operating at a voltage of 380 V are capable of developing greater power. In addition, the torque of such devices is suitable for our purposes. The minimum power value should be 3 kW, but the maximum is at your discretion;

• To transmit torque from the electric motor to the working shaft, it must be carried out using belts. A two-strand wedge-shaped shape is best suited for these purposes. Such belts are more reliable;
• the electric motor itself can be mounted cantilever, directly inside the machine frame. This method will help solve the problem associated with belt tension. If you want to strengthen the engine more firmly, then you need to add a slide to the design, with the help of which adjustments will be made;
• to increase the shaft rotation speed, it is worth using two pulleys. One, larger in diameter, is installed on the electric motor. A pulley with a smaller cross-section is mounted on the shaft.

Be very careful about providing power to the machine. Three-phase current is supplied through a four-core cable. In this case, reliable grounding must be organized. These requirements will help to avoid accidents when working on the machine.

Drawing. The main stages of creating a jointer

Tabletop jointer - drawing

Tabletop jointer - drawing (part 2)

Jointer, its simplest option without additional functions, can be made quite easily with your own hands. The general progress of work in this case will look like this:

• first prepare all the necessary parts, tools and materials;
• We create a drawing of the future machine. Without this “document” you cannot start work. With the help of the drawing you can calculate all the nuances and prepare for them. In addition, having such a plan will greatly facilitate and simplify the task;
• Next, we transfer all the dimensions of future parts to the workpiece and manufacture them;
• A very important detail is the location for installing the rotor bearings. It is made from several pieces.

When fastening, glue and clamp are used. The recess should ideally fit the dimensions of the bearing;

• Next, we install the electric motor. To do this, as noted above, you can use a console mount, or install the unit on a skid;
• the next step will be to assemble the rotor with the bearing and install them in their place. At the same time, a connection is made to the electric motor using a belt drive. Check that the rotor rotates freely in the bearing;
• Next, the work surface is assembled and installed. It will consist of two parts - the serving and the receiving. In this case, the second should be a couple of millimeters higher than the first. The working surface can be made of multi-layer plywood, and for greater strength and increased service life it can be covered with sheet iron.

After creating the system for turning the electric motor on and off, the machine is ready for use. But in order for your new tool to bring only benefit and joy to work, it is worth using it correctly and safely.

A rotary machine, like any mechanism, needs proper operation. If you do not follow certain rules, the device can quickly fail. And in the worst case, you yourself will get injured. Therefore, when using, you should follow the recommendations from specialists:

• In order for the machine to operate reliably, it is necessary to periodically carry out preventive maintenance. Such a complex includes the following activities - checking the reliability of the location of the knives on the shaft, injection of bearings, checking the electric motor, inspecting the belt drive to ensure that its tension is sufficient, checking all contacts, and so on;
• Rotating parts are always dangerous. And if they are also equipped with sharp blades, then the risk of getting herbs is very high. To increase operational safety, it is better to cover the shaft with knives with a casing. It will open when a wooden piece is removed, and close again when idle;
• When working on the machine, follow all safety precautions. This is especially true for the quality of workplace lighting. Hang a powerful lamp above the machine, and your workshop itself should be bright. Also pay attention to the quality of the floor. If it is too slippery, it is better to install a wooden platform or a rubber mat;
• Do not use excessive force when planing or cutting material. Excessive force will not speed up the work, but will only spoil the workpiece or lead to breakdowns of the machine itself;
• do not hesitate to invite an assistant when processing long workpieces. This way the work will be done faster, better and safer for your health.

Of course, it is worth keeping your desktop clean. After finishing work, with the machine turned off and de-energized, clean the device from chips. The same must be done periodically to perform large volumes. Turn off the machine and remove any accumulated chips from all mechanisms and surfaces. Cleanliness will make your work easier and help keep the unit operating for a longer period of time.

The video will discuss in detail one of the options for a homemade jointing machine.

Video: homemade jointer

Planing equipment is an essential component of a complete woodworking process. Factory-made products are quite expensive, so a homemade jointing machine is quite suitable for home needs.

The purpose of this tool is to longitudinally level a workpiece made of wood or chipboard (materials painted or containing glue can dull the cutting elements of the equipment). After planing on a jointer, the processed side of the workpiece becomes smooth and even, which is necessary for subsequent calibration on a thicknesser or milling.

Industrial options are distinguished by their dimensions and significant weight, which provides suppression of vibration arising from rapidly rotating machine parts (up to 12,000 rpm). The total length of the working surface of such equipment is 2–2.5 m. The width of the table, which determines the maximum width of the workpiece being processed, is in the range of 400–600 mm.

Simpler jointing machines, which you can make yourself at home, have less weight, size and, accordingly, shaft rotation speed (no more than 6000 rpm). The total length of tabletops on such equipment is 1–1.5 m with a width of 200–300 mm.

Main components of a jointer

• Bed. A massive element that provides structural rigidity, chip removal, and placement of the electric drive.
• Work tables (server and receiver).
• Stop ruler. For planing at an angle.
• Shaft with cutting elements (knives).
• Electric drive. Provides shaft rotation through a belt drive and pulleys.
• Rack or fan type protective mechanism.

Main components of a jointer

Additionally, your jointer can be equipped with a workpiece feed mechanism and an aspiration chip removal system.

Making your own jointer

Before starting any activities to make a machine with your own hands, you will need three things: a project, materials and tools. They are all interconnected, since the project directly depends on what materials are available and what tools are available. If not welding machine and skills to work with it, there is no point in considering a project that involves a welded structure.

The metal structure can also be assembled using bolted connections. This option will have some positive qualities: The bolt-on jointer can be disassembled if necessary without much effort.

For a carpenter, the most convenient option is a wooden structure, but it is inferior to metal in rigidity and in the service life of some elements of the machine. In addition, certain nodes cannot be made from wood.

Some components will have to be purchased or ordered. These are parts such as:

• shaft with knives, fixing wedges, a set of bearings, yokes;
• electric motor;
• pulleys;
• belt;
• starting device.

To draw up a project, you need to decide what functions the device will perform. The following options are possible:

• Jointer. A device whose purpose is to plan a part on one side without calibration.
• A two-operation machine that also performs the function of a jointer.
• Multi-operational machine. Such devices can be used for sawing, planing, drilling grooves and milling, like a thickness planer.

The jointer is the easiest to manufacture, requiring less tools, material and skills.

Manufacturing of the bed

The main element of the jointing machine, it will contain work tables, a shaft with knives and a stop ruler. A drive will be installed in the frame body, and chip removal will also be implemented. To make the structure rigid, you will need appropriate material.

• for the upper part on which the countertops are located, a height of 100 mm and a wall thickness of 5 mm is suitable;
• the legs and lower platform can be made from a metal corner (50 mm);
• The structure is fastened together by welding or bolting.

Machine bed assembly diagram

Shaft with knives

This unit must be purchased assembled. The kit should include:

• knives;
• bearings with housings (yoke);
• wedges with which the knives are fixed.

The quality of the material and the balancing of such elements, made in the factory, are much higher than homemade ones.

This unit can be ordered from a turner, providing him with drawings and specifying the details. It’s good if the turner works at an enterprise and has access to balancing equipment.

Desktops

Industrial jointers are equipped with massive cast tabletops with stiffening ribs to prevent deformation during operation. This is unattainable when making it yourself. Therefore, it is better to use sheet material as the optimal solution for arranging the planer platform. Ideally, this should be a flat metal plate 10 mm thick, or, in the worst case scenario, a sheet of plywood.

The plywood must be of sufficient thickness (minimum 10 mm), in addition, you need to pay attention to the quality of the surface - the plane must be flat. It is advisable to use sanded waterproof plywood, without small tubercles or fallen knots. To increase the service life of a plywood tabletop, you can attach a sheet of galvanized metal to its working surface with your own hands.

The serving table is made 2 times longer than the receiving table. This makes it easier to level the workpiece during jointing.

Electric motor

The main parameters that need to be taken into account when choosing an electric drive for your jointer:

• power;
• number of revolutions;
• operating voltage of the power supply network (220, 380 V).

The longer and larger in diameter cutting tool, the more powerful the engine will be needed. You can use a low-power drive, compensating for the lack of power with pulleys, but in this case it will not be possible to achieve the speed necessary for clean processing.

As an example, consider a shaft with a diameter of 100 mm and a length of 300 mm. For stable, long-term operation at speeds of about 6000 per minute, you will need a drive with a power of at least 3 kW. If you change the length in the input data, reducing it to 200 mm, you can use a motor with a minimum power of 2 kW.

As for engine speeds: it is more rational to use a drive that has at least 3000 rpm. Otherwise, to obtain sufficient speed of the cutting tool, you will have to use pulleys.

The operating voltage of the drive depends on the voltage electrical network in the workshop. An engine that runs on 380 V will be more powerful and more reliable than an engine with the same rated power, but designed to operate on a 220 V network. But in a home workshop, 380 V is a rarity, and the connection costs so much that these funds can buy an inexpensive factory jointer.

It should be remembered that this is a homemade jointer for household use, and it does not need to be mercilessly loaded, planing the entire width of the knives at 5 mm per pass. Not every industrial unit (especially a modern one) can withstand such loads.

The shaft with cutting elements is attached to the top of the frame in the middle; the exact location depends on the size of the work tables between which it should be located. The shaft and table top must be located in the same plane so that the top point of the cutting tool knives coincides with the top surface of the receiving table.

The feed table is mounted in the same plane as the receiving table, but 1–2 mm lower. This distance determines the thickness of the chips removed in one pass. The quality of planing depends on how accurately the planes of the surfaces coincide, namely, how smooth the planed workpiece will be.

Machine assembly diagram

There are options for adjustable feed plane height using eccentrics or a screw mechanism.

When assembling a jointing machine with your own hands at home, it is very difficult to efficiently implement such a mechanism. It would be an incredible achievement if this equipment would plan smoothly with fixed worktops.

The electric drive is mounted on the lower platform of the frame. It is advisable to use an adjustable platform to install the engine to ensure more comfortable belt tension. The tension mechanism can be implemented using a technological hole in the platform and a screw with a nut as adjusting elements.

Connecting mechanisms

Rotation is transmitted from the engine to the shaft by means of a belt drive through pulleys. The pulley sizes are selected in accordance with the engine power and speed.

For a drive with a rotation of 3000 rpm, a ratio of 1 to 2 can be considered normal. For example, the diameter of a cutting tool pulley is 100 mm, on the drive it is 200 mm. The optimal ratio for DIY assembly can be obtained experimentally and largely depends on the quality and balancing of the rotating parts of the jointer.

The drive is connected to the electrical network using a starting device, in accordance with the instructions of the electric motor.

Alternative option

A simpler and faster way to make a planing machine with your own hands is to use a manual electric planer, having previously modernized it a little. Every self-respecting home carpenter must have such a tool. All that needs to be done is to make a device to fix it.

The easiest option for making a machine with your own hands is to use sheet material as a base.

In the woodworking industry, it is difficult to do without modern carpentry equipment, which is used to process timber and boards, giving their sides a perfectly flat surface. For these purposes, a planing machine is designed that can cope with large-area products.

A home-made surface planer is lightweight, so it can be easily installed or removed as unnecessary and transported to another place. It has simple adjustments, is easy to operate and provides high quality surface finishing.

Key points in manufacturing woodworking equipment

At the design stage of a thickness planer, the configuration of the future equipment is determined. In factory models, feeding is carried out by the upper rollers, which requiresetting the rotation speed correctly, which is difficult to do at home. Homemade designs, on the contrary, should be extremely simple. To facilitate the process of their manufacture, they abandon the automatic feeding of the workpiece for processing and use a jointer as a basis - another type of woodworking tool.

In addition, the following characteristics of the future should be considered: planer:

• The ability to change the position of the support table, which is necessary to adjust its height relative to the cutting shaft.
• Selection of processing tool. The best solution use spare parts from the old factory model that have the required technical parameters.
• Availability of a stable frame. Vibration inevitably occurs during equipment operation, so to increase the quality of processing, it is necessary to reduce its impact on the workpieces being processed.

To implement the assigned tasks, they draw up correct scheme, taking as a basis drawings of factory models and ready-made technical solutions. Be sure to take into account the experience of making homemade surface planers, as well as the dimensions, thickness, and type of wood of the workpieces being processed.

Manufacturing the frame and installing parts

Subject to availability the necessary tool and materials, assembling thicknessing equipment for wood will not take much time. You will need:

• lathe for making rollers and pulleys;
• drilling machine or drill for making holes in fasteners;
• welding machine for assembling the feed table, frame;
• grinder for cutting and adjusting structural parts to the required size.

There are many options for how to make a surface planer with your own hands, but the optimal dimensions for homemade device should not exceed 1x1 meters. These parameters allow you to process workpieces of any size, while the product turns out to be mobile and will be convenient to rearrange or transport to another place. The equipment is located in such a way as to provide access from all sides.

If stationary use is planned, then in order to prevent the occurrence of excessive vibration in the future, the frame is concreted and secured with anchor bolts.

The first step is to assemble the frame according to the previously drawn up drawings. To give the structure the necessary rigidity, take an iron corner of 50x50 mm, or, in its absence, a profile square pipe of 40x40 mm.

The marked elements of the frame are cut using a grinder with an abrasive wheel. Having laid them out on level ground, they are assembled according to the diagram and the frame is welded. Mark the holes for fastening the removable parts and, using a drill, drill them.

Having completed welding work, proceed to install the shafts: knife, pressure, feed. To obtain high-quality products, it is better to purchase a complete knife shaft assembly or ready-made knives for thickness planers. If possible, pressure rollers are made from hand-held linen wringer from old washing machines, the rubberized surface of which will gently but firmly hold the workpiece on the desktop.

It is preferable to install gear pulleys for the motor and shafts, which will allow the use of a chain drive, which is characterized by a high degree of reliability. An asynchronous electric motor with a power of 4–5 kW is chosen as the engine. Schematic diagram The location of the parts is shown in the figure:

1 – work table for feeding and dispensing workpieces; 2 – wood preparation; 3 – safety device; 4 – upper feed roller with a corrugated surface; 5 – front clamp; 6 – knife shaft; 7 – rear clamp; 8 – feed upper roller with a smooth surface; 9 – lower smooth shaft

The table base consists of rear and front parts, which are mounted on prepared adjustment devices. They are used to change the height of the table and the position of the workpiece being processed. Before starting work, be sure to check the location of the knives, the reliability of fastening and the correct sharpening.

Equipment setup

The setup is carried out as follows. The support rollers (8) are lowered below the level of the table (10), and the tabletop itself is lowered so that a pre-treated wooden block laid on it passes freely under the blade shaft. Slowly raise the table, simultaneously turning the shaft until it touches the surface of the block. At the moment of contact with the upper edge of the knife shaft, the position of the table is fixed.

Having lowered the working surface by 0.3 mm, the block is moved under the rear clamp (3), which is adjusted with screws (2), trying to get the template to touch. Additionally, it is lowered by 0.7 mm (total 1 mm from the initial level) and the measuring stamp is placed under the front clamp (5), the height of which is set with adjusting screws (6) until it touches the bar.

Having lowered the working surface another 0.5 (1.5 mm from the initial level), adjust the rear pressure shaft (1). Continuing to lower by 0.5 mm, use the measuring template to change the height of the grooved feed roller (7). Lowering it another millimeter, the measuring template is placed under the claw protection and the height is adjusted until it touches. Finally, the support rollers are placed above the table surface.

Processing a workpiece that is not pressed simultaneously by both shafts is prohibited!

Depending on the model of woodworking equipment, the adjustment dimensions may vary. When starting to process coniferous species, the difference in the height of the pressure rollers is set within 0.3 mm, for hardwood – 0.1 mm. When planing workpieces, it is important to observe safety precautions, so you should not:

• place your hands near moving and rotating mechanisms;
• clean during operation;
• repair live parts.

To prevent the possibility of electrical damage, the equipment must be grounded. Before turning on, be sure to check the serviceability of all mechanisms.

Woodworking tools from an electric planer

This is the option for making a thickness planer at home in many cases that is preferred by craftsmen who have an electric planer. The cost of modification while maintaining the principle of operation will be minimal, but the result is no worse than using expensive equipment. Instead of a table, a flat, powerful board is installed, on its sides there are width limiters on which the main unit is attached. The electric plane is mounted on a base with variable height.

The rear support metal plate on the planer is replaced with one made independently from OSB, large-sized plywood. The thickness is chosen in such a way as to obtain the same level relative to the front plate, which regulates the gap for removing chips of 1-3 mm. The width of the work table and the base plate should be equal to each other.

At the side of the plate, screw the slats for fastening the legs of the required height. Since the standard width of knives is 8.2 cm, the thickness of the plane of the workpieces being processed, for example timber, should not exceed 10 cm, and the center-to-center distance for attaching the legs is 11–12 cm. Consequently, their length will be 14–16 cm, width above 3.5 cm , and the thickness is 1 cm. They are attached at the same distance from the edge of the plate.

A pre-assembled clamping device with an electric planer is installed on the working base, placing the attachment points strictly level. This is necessary for parallel movement relative to the working surface and guarantees the necessary processing accuracy homemade machine. If it is necessary to ensure pressure on the working tool, then use spring ties or a rubber band.

This is the most affordable option for manufacturing a thickness planer. Of course, such a tool can hardly be considered full-fledged, but the principle of operation and the final result make it suitable for performing simple operations at home.

1. Machine design
2. Step by step instructions
3. Alternative option

Jointing is one of the methods for finishing wood. Boards and beams acquire a smooth, polished surface. The jointer has a simpler design than its thicknesser counterpart. The installation is easy to assemble yourself using available equipment.

Machine design

The jointing machine is equipped with a table. The table has a technological hole; a knife shaft operating from an electric drive is placed in it. During the planing process, lumber is fed onto the shaft using a roller mechanism. The support elements for the workpiece can be tilted at the required angle. The thickness of the board is adjusted by the tabletop by feeding it up and down.

The knife shaft can have a single-sided or double-sided design. In the first case, one plane of the board is processed. The double-sided shaft allows you to joint wood from both sides at the same time. There is equipment with four knives that provide four-sided grinding. These samples are most often installed at large woodworking enterprises. The cleanliness of the processing depends on the diameter of the knife shaft. The larger it is, the higher the quality of grinding.

Two types of knives can be installed on a homemade jointing machine:

• Single-edged. Subject to periodic sharpening.
• Double-edged, disposable. When worn out, replace them with new ones.

Planers differ in shaft rotation speed, tabletop length, and planing width of lumber. The surface of the tabletop is divided into two transverse segments, with the front part located lower than the back to regulate the thickness of the removed layer of wood. The optimal cutting thickness is 0.5 cm. If more removal is necessary, several cycles must be performed.

For stability and improved load-bearing characteristics, the jointer frame is made of cast iron, and the frame is supplemented with steel plates. The knife shaft is fixed between the two halves of the tabletop. For convenience, the table is equipped with guide rulers.

How to make a jointer tool

The jointer has a simple design, it can be made in a few hours: the process does not require special skills and knowledge. A power planer is useful in carpentry, but the quality of wood processing is inferior to a jointer. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing sample to achieve a better result.

An electric planer with a sliding knife guard that can be retracted during jointing is well suited as the main element of future equipment. It is better if the plane is equipped with a fastening with the knives facing upwards.

During the assembly process you will need:

• boards,
• plywood sheet,
• fasteners.

Step by step instructions

First you need to make a base of boards. It should have the shape of a box without a bottom or lid. The length of the frame will correspond to the length of the working surface.

At the next stage, a sheet of plywood must be laid on top of the box, a technological hole must be formed, and the plane platform will be installed in it.

Two more similar sheets are laid on top of the plywood, serving as the back and front plates. The sheet that the tree will accept when planing should be 2 mm thicker. It is necessary to maintain parallel placement of plywood sheets. This can be verified with a sliver probe. Before fixing the panel to the frame, the edge of the material is processed.

The manual electric planing element is placed on the mount, installed with knives up on the bottom sheet of plywood.

You will need wood to cut out the mounting lugs. Adjusting bolts will be threaded through these elements, setting the machine knife to a given height relative to its base.

On jointer from an electric planer you need to install a side stop from the remaining plywood. After this, you can begin processing lumber.

Alternative option

If you don’t plan to work with long workpieces, you can make a compact household device. This circular saw can be easily equipped with special supports and turns into a full-fledged machine.

First you need to form a box from thick plywood, wood or MDF. The structure is fixed with wood glue or reinforced with self-tapping screws. The role of the countertop is performed by the electric planer platform.

The most complex element with which jointer , - side stop. It will move on special grooves. It is secured by two screws and wing nuts. The cutting tool is held in the box by side fasteners. For convenience, a home electric jointer can be improved by forming in its design an outlet for connecting an industrial vacuum cleaner.

Professional homemade jointer

The figure shows drawings with detailed explanations. Will be required electric motor 1.5 kW, connected to the shaft using a drive belt. You can make the knife shaft yourself or order it from a turner.

During the work, it is necessary to weld a frame from a metal profile or angle. Then the base plate and the base for the screw are welded to the frame. The side strips are attached to ensure free movement of the guides. To do this, you need to create technological gaps.

The lead screw is welded to the machine after it is installed on the support. The equipment must be provided with a front plate, consisting of a top part and a guide rail. They are connected to each other by side elements. The end parts of the surfaces must be made parallel, after which they are carefully ground.

To ensure that the dimensions of the sidewalls installed on a homemade jointer are the same, they are processed and provided with holes for studs. After welding the sidewalls and guide elements, the temporary studs are removed.

At the last stage, the knife shaft is installed. At the same time, raise the front tabletop to its level so that the edge of the panel is parallel to the axis of the shaft. The back of the tabletop must be fixed in a stationary position. The center of gravity of this woodworking unit is high. To reduce vibration, it is recommended to additionally strengthen the jointers.