Neighbors of the 2nd and 3rd order of the USSR. Neighbors of the first order of Russia. Neighbors with a common border

While studying the world atlas, I became interested in the states bordering our country, their total number and system of divisions. It turned out that Russia shares its borders with eighteen countries. And such borders include not only land, but also sea territories.

In addition, it turned out that neighboring states are divided into types: first and second order. I would like to talk about the essence of this division.

What are the neighboring countries like?

First of all, you need to understand who is called first- and second-order neighbors.

Neighbours first order- these are the countries with which we have immediate boundaries. Neighbours second- states, bordering first-tier countries. And so on. In this way, third- and fourth-order neighbors are identified.

Moreover, to be included in the ranks of first-order neighbors, it is not at all necessary to have direct land borders with the country. Both river and sea types of boundaries are quite suitable.

Russia's neighbors of the first order

Returning directly to the list of countries, it is worth highlighting:

• China;
• USA;
• Mongolia;
• Norway;
• Lithuania;
• Kazakhstan;
• Ukraine;
• DPRK;
• Azerbaijan;
• Japan;
• Latvia;
• Finland;
• Estonia;
• South Ossetia;
• Poland;
• Abkhazia.

And Belarus And Ukraine. In total there are eighteen first-order neighboring countries.

Russia's second-order neighbors

But there are many more of them. After all, these include all countries that have common borders with the above-mentioned states. Examples include:

• Sweden;
• Kyrgyzstan;
• Czech Republic;
• India;
• Tajikistan;
• Afghanistan;
• Turkey;
• Moldova;
• Romania;
• Germany;
• Slovakia;
• Republic of Korea;
• Armenia.

And so on. This is how the system of states bordering each other is built and subdivided. We are, in one way or another, strongly connected with all our neighbors. diplomatic and economic relations .

It is also worth noting that the length of the Russian border is more than 60 thousand kilometers. And 38 of them are water boundaries. Our longest land border is with Kazakhstan (more than 7,500 kilometers), and the least is with South Ossetia (about 70 kilometers).

Information » Russia's borders, their contact and barrier role, political relations with first- and second-order neighboring countries » Political relations with first- and second-order neighboring countries

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The most important direction of Russian foreign policy in Asia is the development of friendly relations with leading Asian states, primarily China and India. The coincidence of the fundamental approaches of Russia and China to key issues of world politics is the basis of regional and global stability. The main task in mutually beneficial cooperation with China – bringing the scale of economic interaction between our countries in accordance with the level political relations. Russia also seeks to deepen its traditional partnership with India, help overcome ongoing problems in South Asia and strengthen stability in the region.

The Russian Federation stands for the sustainable development of relations with Japan, for the achievement of genuine good neighborliness that meets the national interests of both countries. Within the framework of existing negotiation mechanisms, Russia will continue to search for a mutually acceptable solution to the design of the internationally recognized border between the two states.

Of fundamental importance for Russia general health improvement situation in Asia, where the geopolitical ambitions of a number of states are intensifying, the arms race is intensifying, and sources of tension and conflict remain. Concern Russian Federation is caused by the situation on the Korean Peninsula, in connection with which our country will strive to participate equally in solving the Korean problem and maintain balanced relations with both Korean states.

The protracted conflict in Afghanistan directly affects Russian national interests and poses a threat to the security of the southern borders of the CIS. Together with other states, Russia will make efforts to achieve a political settlement of the Afghan problem and prevent the export of terrorism from this country.

The concept provides an overview of the tasks that the Russian foreign policy must decide in relations with the countries of the Near and Middle East. The need to expand cooperation with the countries of the African continent and the states of Latin America is noted.

The Constitutions of a number of countries emphasize the ideas of friendship and cooperation with all countries. In modern conditions, the development of states is determined by the process of integration of economic, political and cultural life. This process is deepened in the program to improve cooperation. The function of cooperation and mutual assistance expresses the interests of all states. On this basis, various organizations are created whose activities are aimed at improving the economic, political and cultural life of society (UN, NATO, Warsaw Pact, CMEA, etc.)

As mentioned above, each state is connected with other states through various relations: political, economic and cultural. These relationships need to be established, developed and managed.

Political relations: The state is obliged to protect its citizens located on the territory of other states and provide them with protection (Article 61, paragraph 2 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). To maintain international political relations, states are provided with representatives in the form of diplomats, ambassadors, consuls, etc.

Russia's political relations exist with all countries of the world, which in turn are divided into first- and second-order neighbors.

First-order neighbors are the countries that border Russia, 14 of them: Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, North Korea, Norway, Finland, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Latvia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Poland, Lithuania, Japan and the United States (maritime borders).

Second-order neighbors are countries that border first-order states, but do not border the territory of Russia; there are about 40 countries in total.

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Political relations with first- and second-order neighbors

Page 3

The most important direction of Russian foreign policy in Asia is the development of friendly relations with leading Asian states, primarily China and India. The coincidence of the fundamental approaches of Russia and China to key issues of world politics is the basis of regional and global stability. The main task in mutually beneficial cooperation with China is to bring the scale of economic interaction between our countries in accordance with the level of political relations. Russia also seeks to deepen its traditional partnership with India, help overcome ongoing problems in South Asia and strengthen stability in the region.

The Russian Federation stands for the sustainable development of relations with Japan, for the achievement of genuine good neighborliness that meets the national interests of both countries. Within the framework of existing negotiation mechanisms, Russia will continue to search for a mutually acceptable solution to the design of the internationally recognized border between the two states.

Of fundamental importance for Russia is the overall improvement of the situation in Asia, where the geopolitical ambitions of a number of states are intensifying, the arms race is intensifying, and sources of tension and conflict remain. The Russian Federation is concerned about the situation on the Korean Peninsula, and therefore our country will strive to participate equally in solving the Korean problem and maintain balanced relations with both Korean states.

The protracted conflict in Afghanistan directly affects Russian national interests and poses a threat to the security of the southern borders of the CIS. Together with other states, Russia will make efforts to achieve a political settlement of the Afghan problem and prevent the export of terrorism from this country.

The concept provides an overview of the tasks that Russian foreign policy must solve in relations with the countries of the Near and Middle East. The need to expand cooperation with the countries of the African continent and the states of Latin America is noted.

The Constitutions of a number of countries emphasize the ideas of friendship and cooperation with all countries. In modern conditions, the development of states is determined by the process of integration of economic, political and cultural life. This process is deepened in the program to improve cooperation. The function of cooperation and mutual assistance expresses the interests of all states. On this basis, various organizations are created whose activities are aimed at improving the economic, political and cultural life of society (UN, NATO, Warsaw Pact, CMEA, etc.)

As mentioned above, each state is connected with other states through various relations: political, economic and cultural. These relationships need to be established, developed and managed.

Political relations: The state is obliged to protect its citizens located on the territory of other states and provide them with protection (Article 61, paragraph 2 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). To maintain international political relations, states are provided with representatives in the form of diplomats, ambassadors, consuls, etc.

Russia's political relations exist with all countries of the world, which in turn are divided into first- and second-order neighbors.

First-order neighbors are the countries that border Russia, 14 of them: Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, North Korea, Norway, Finland, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Latvia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Poland, Lithuania, Japan and the United States (maritime borders).

Second-order neighbors are countries that border first-order states, but do not border the territory of Russia; there are about 40 countries in total.

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Ukraine and Belarus

First-order neighbors are those countries that have a common border with the Russian Federation, for example Ukraine, Kazakhstan. For the rest - the atlas will help

Land: 1. Norway. 2. Finland. 3. Estonia. 4. Latvia. 5. Lithuania. 6. Poland. 7. Belarus. 8. Ukraine. 9. Abkhazia. 10. Georgia. 11. South Ossetia. 12. Azerbaijan. 13. Kazakhstan. 14. China. 15. Mongolia. 16. North Korea (DPRK). + Marine: 1. Japan. 2. USA

geographical location of the territory of the Rostov region It is necessary to know its neighbors of the first and second order. This knowledge helps to develop the shortest transport routes in the formation of foreign economic activity of the territory. The Rostov region has six first-order neighbors along its land borders. The states - Moldova, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, Poland, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Georgia - are considered second-order neighbors. Second-order neighbors are territories bordered by first-order neighbors.

1st order - those countries that directly border Russia. 2nd order - countries bordering 1st order neighboring countries. The neighboring countries of the 1st order are 14 countries: Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, North Korea - land border. USA, Japan - sea ​​border.

1st order - those countries that directly border Russia. 2nd order - countries bordering 1st order neighboring countries. The neighboring countries of the 1st order are 14 countries: Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, North Korea - land border.

First-order neighbors: Norway Finland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Belarus Ukraine Abkhazia Georgia South Ossetia Azerbaijan Kazakhstan China Mongolia DPRK Japan

Belarus Ukraine Finland Uzbekistan Tajikistan China

Everyone forgot about Canada as a maritime border)) Across the Arctic Ocean))

China and Poland and that's enough

LIST OF RUSSIA'S NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES WITH THEIR CAPITALS. Land: 1. Norway. Capital Oslo. 2. Finland. Capital of Helsinki. 3. Estonia. Capital Tallinn.

4. Latvia. Capital Riga. 5. Lithuania. Capital Vilnius. 6. Poland. Capital Warsaw. 7. Belarus. Capital Minsk. 8. Ukraine. Capital Kyiv. 9. Abkhazia.

The capital is Sukhumi (Sukhumi). 10. Georgia. Capital Tbilisi. 11. South Ossetia. Capital Tskhinvali (Tskhinvali). 12. Azerbaijan. Capital Baku. 13. Kazakhstan. Capital Astana. 14. China. Capital Beijing. 15. Mongolia. The capital is Ulaanbaatar. 16. North Korea (DPRK). Capital Pyongyang. Marine: 1 (17). Japan. Capital of Tokyo. 2 (18). United States of America (USA). Capital Washington.

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At different times, Russia's neighbors were different. The largest country in the world has the most a large number of states bordering it: 18 countries - poor and rich, weak and powerful, friendly and not so friendly.

The total length of the border with them is close to 70 thousand kilometers. History changed, some states became part of Russia, others left it. This is a mandatory process when changing the political system.

Russia's neighbors such as Abkhazia and South Ossetia are unrecognized republics; The USA and Japan have only water borders with the great power. 38 of the 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, located along its borders, are adjacent to one, two, or three states. Such regions, rich in foreign neighbors, include Altai region(Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia) and the Pskov region (neighbors Estonia, Latvia, Belarus).

Neighbors with a common border

All states located in close proximity are divided into first- and second-order neighbors. Norway, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Abkhazia, Georgia, South Ossetia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, North Korea and 2 countries with maritime borders - the USA and Japan - all of them belong to the concept of “Russia’s first-order neighbors” "There are very few synonyms for the word denoting a state bordering a country. And these names are subjective in nature - mezhak, polisher, scraper. During the Warsaw Pact, the countries included in it could be called sister cities. The same applied to China and North Korea. It is not easy to explain which countries are Russia's second-order neighbors. Without fear of tautology, we can say that these are neighbors of the first, above-mentioned states. In this case there are 22 land borders and 2 sea borders.

The world's longest maritime borders

The largest country also has the longest maritime borders in the world. A distance of almost 20,000 kilometers is the northern outskirts of Russia, stretching along the shores of the Northern Seas. Arctic Ocean. The second longest sea border runs in the east, washed by the Pacific Ocean.

Neighbors to the south

Russia's southern neighbors are Mongolia, China, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, as well as Abkhazia and South Ossetia. In the south lies the longest land border with Kazakhstan, the importance of which for our country is difficult to overestimate. The republic ranks 9th in the world in terms of territory, and first among large countries that do not have access to the World Ocean. The capital is the newly rebuilt city of Astana. The border between Europe and Asia runs through the territory of the republic. Located at the junction of two worlds, rich in fertile lands and minerals, the country absorbs the best and is rapidly developing. Kazakhstan is a member of the Customs Union, and in every sense The words are justified by the concept of “Russia’s close neighbors.”

Partner countries

China, of course, is a special neighbor for Russia, and not only because the economy of this country is predicted to become the first in the world by the end of 2014. The country ranks first in the list of “Russia’s Neighbors” in Asia and is a strategic partner of our country. Without exaggeration, good neighborly relations between Beijing and Moscow play a role vital role on the world stage and contribute to the establishment of a new world order. These two powers have many internal contradictions and problems, and it is also better to overcome them using mutual experience.

Good relations with neighbors - state policy

It is very important for the Russian Federation to have a good relationship with all border countries. Their establishment and strengthening is government policy. Unfortunately, Russia's southern neighbors, such as Azerbaijan and Georgia, do not take a completely peaceful position. Mongolia and Russia have lived side by side in friendship and harmony for a thousand years. A picture of this relationship can be seen in N. Mikhalkov’s wonderful film “Urga - the Territory of Love.” China and Russia are not just close neighbors of this country, they are its only neighbors. That is why peace and mutual understanding in this triune union are so important. It is no less important in relations with the self-proclaimed South Ossetia and Abkhazia, whose entire future is connected only with Russia.

Northern neighbors

As noted above, the longest border of our state runs along the shores of the northern seas - the Laptev, Kara, East Siberian, White and Barents seas. The marginal sea of ​​the Arctic Ocean is located between Russia and Alaska, a semi-esclave of the United States. Thus, Russia’s northern neighbors are countries located along the shores of the Arctic. These include Iceland, Norway, Denmark (Greenland), the United States of America and Canada.

The Arctic Ocean has many names. At different times it was called Northern, Scythian, Tatar. On Russian maps of the 17th-18th centuries it also had several designations - Sea-Ocean, Arctic Sea, Polar Sea, etc. It was called Hyperborean in 1650 by the geographer Varenius. The Far North has long been considered the homeland of the god of cold winds Boreas, which is why the ocean received the corresponding name. The prefix “hyper” refers to its size. It is on its banks that all of Russia’s northern neighbors are located. even the North Pole, which is located in the center of the Arctic Ocean (this name was adopted in 1935), has a Russian flag. And Norway is both a northern and western border state.

Neighbors to the West

Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine and Belarus are Russia's western neighbors. Two of them, namely Lithuania and Poland, are bordered by a semi-esclave (a territory that does not have a common border with the country, but opens to the sea) - Kaliningrad region. With all the countries on this list, except Belarus, which is part of the Customs Union and is a good close neighbor, Russia was at war at different periods of time. After the breakup Soviet Union its former Baltic republics, despite their more than modest capabilities in absolutely all areas, are unfriendly. But only income from tourists from Russia can significantly replenish their budget.

Russia is a good profitable neighbor

We have to sadly admit that not all of Russia’s territorially close neighbors are its friends. History teaches nothing... No matter how much people fill their foreheads by stepping on the same rake, they still forget that “a bad peace is better than a good war”; that the clear benefits of peaceful coexistence are lost; that post-war complexes are terrible, and it takes a very long time for entire nations to recover from them; that it is worth listening to the advice of your own seers.
Russia is a great, distinctive, rich country, and good relations with it can bring invaluable dividends to reasonable neighbors.

Summing up

So, Russia's first-order western neighbors are Norway and Finland, Estonia and Latvia, Lithuania and Poland, Ukraine and Belarus. Second order - Sweden, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania.

The first-order southern neighbors are represented by the following countries: China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Second-order neighboring countries are Moldova, Türkiye and Iran. These include 4 former Soviet republics - Armenia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. As well as Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam and the Republic of Korea.

In the east, Russia has two first-order neighbors at the extreme northern and southern points, the border with which runs by sea - the USA and Japan.

That leaves the north. Here the first-order neighbor is Canada, and the second-order neighbor is Mexico.

It turns out that Denmark and Iceland, although they are located on the shores of the Arctic Ocean, are not Russia’s neighbors at all.

At different times, Russia's neighbors were different. The largest country in the world has the largest number of states bordering it: 18 countries - poor and rich, weak and powerful, friendly and not so friendly.

The total length of the border with them is close to 70 thousand kilometers. History changed, some states became part of Russia, others left it. This is a mandatory process when changing the political system.

Russia's neighbors such as Abkhazia and South Ossetia, the United States and Japan, have only water borders with the great power. 38 of the 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, located along its borders, are adjacent to one, two, or three states. Such regions rich in foreign neighbors include the Altai Territory (Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia) and the Pskov region (neighbors Estonia, Latvia, Belarus).

Neighbors with a common border

All states located in close proximity are divided into first- and second-order neighbors. Norway, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Abkhazia, Georgia, South Ossetia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, North Korea and 2 countries with maritime borders - the USA and Japan - all of them belong to the concept of “Russia’s first-order neighbors” "There are very few synonyms for the word denoting a state bordering a country. And these names are subjective in nature - mezhak, polisher, scraper. At the time, the countries included in it could be called twin cities. The same applied to China and North Korea. It is not easy to explain which countries are Russia's second-order neighbors. Without fear of tautology, we can say that these are neighbors of the first, above-mentioned states. In this case there are 22 land borders and 2 sea borders.

The world's longest maritime borders

The largest country also has the longest maritime borders in the world. A distance of almost 20,000 kilometers represents the northern outskirts of Russia, stretching along the shores of the seas of the Arctic Ocean. The second longest sea border runs in the east, washed by the Pacific Ocean.

Neighbors to the south

Russia's southern neighbors are Mongolia, China, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, as well as Abkhazia and South Ossetia. In the south lies the longest land border with Kazakhstan, the importance of which for our country is difficult to overestimate. The republic ranks 9th in territory in the world, and first among the largest ones near the World Ocean. The capital is the newly rebuilt city of Astana. The border between Europe and Asia runs through the territory of the republic. Located at the junction of two worlds, rich in fertile lands and minerals, the country absorbs the best and is rapidly developing. Kazakhstan is a member of the Customs Union, and in the full sense of the word justifies the concept of “close neighbors of Russia.”

Partner countries

China, of course, is a special neighbor for Russia, and not only because the economy of this country is predicted to become the first in the world by the end of 2014. The country ranks first in the list of “Russia’s Neighbors” in Asia and is a strategic partner of our country. Without exaggeration, good neighborly relations between Beijing and Moscow play a vital role on the world stage and contribute to the establishment of a new world order. These two powers have many internal contradictions and problems, and it is also better to overcome them using mutual experience.

Good relations with neighbors - state policy

It is very important for the Russian Federation to have good relations with all border countries. Their establishment and strengthening is state policy. Unfortunately, Russia's southern neighbors, such as Azerbaijan and Georgia, do not take a completely peaceful position. Mongolia and Russia have lived side by side in friendship and harmony for a thousand years. A picture of this relationship can be seen in N. Mikhalkov’s wonderful film “Urga - the Territory of Love.” China and Russia are not just close neighbors of this country, they are its only neighbors. That is why peace and mutual understanding in this triune union are so important. It is no less important in relations with the self-proclaimed South Ossetia and Abkhazia, whose entire future is connected only with Russia.

Northern neighbors

As noted above, the longest border of our state runs along the shores of the northern seas - the Laptev, Kara, East Siberian, White and Barents seas. The marginal sea of ​​the Arctic Ocean is located between Russia and Alaska, a semi-esclave of the United States. Thus, Russia’s northern neighbors are countries located along the shores of the Arctic. These include Iceland, Norway, Denmark (Greenland), the United States of America and Canada.

Had a lot of names. At different times it was called Northern, Scythian, Tatar. On Russian maps of the 17th-18th centuries it also had several designations - Sea-Ocean, Arctic Sea, Polar Sea, etc. It was called Hyperborean in 1650 by the geographer Varenius. has long been considered the birthplace of the god of cold winds Boreas, which is why the ocean received the corresponding name. The prefix “hyper” refers to its size. It is on its banks that all of Russia’s northern neighbors are located. even which is located in the center of the Arctic Ocean (this name was adopted in 1935), the flag of Russia is installed. And Norway is both a northern and western border state.

Neighbors to the West

Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine and Belarus are Russia's western neighbors. Two of them, namely Lithuania and Poland, are bordered by a semi-esclave (a territory that does not have a common border with the country, but opens to the sea) - the Kaliningrad region. With all the countries on this list, except Belarus, which is part of the Customs Union and is a good close neighbor, Russia was at war at different periods of time. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, its former Baltic republics, despite their more than modest capabilities in absolutely all areas, were unfriendly. But only income from tourists from Russia can significantly replenish their budget.

Russia is a good profitable neighbor

We have to sadly admit that not all of Russia’s territorially close neighbors are its friends. History teaches nothing... No matter how much people fill their foreheads by stepping on the same rake, they still forget that “a bad peace is better than a good war”; that the clear benefits of peaceful coexistence are lost; that post-war complexes are terrible, and it takes a very long time for entire nations to recover from them; that it is worth listening to the advice of your own seers.

Russia is a great, distinctive, rich country, and good relations with it can bring invaluable dividends to reasonable neighbors.

Summing up

So, Russia's first-order western neighbors are Norway and Finland, Estonia and Latvia, Lithuania and Poland, Ukraine and Belarus. Second order - Sweden, Germany, Hungary and Romania.

The first-order southern neighbors are represented by the following countries: China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Second-order neighboring countries are Moldova, Türkiye and Iran. These include 4 former Soviet republics - Armenia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. As well as Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam and the Republic of Korea.

In the east, Russia has two first-order neighbors at the extreme northern and southern points, the border with which runs by sea - the USA and Japan.

That leaves the north. Here the first-order neighbor is Canada, and the second-order neighbor is Mexico.

It turns out that Denmark and Iceland, although they are located on the shores of the Arctic Ocean, are not Russia’s neighbors at all.