Daniil Kharms. short biography of Kharms. biography of Kharms. Literary and historical notes of a young technician

Daniil Kharms was born in St. Petersburg on December 30, 1905. His father was Ivan Yuvachev, a revolutionary populist who survived exile on Sakhalin and was familiar with Leo Tolstoy, Anton Chekhov and other famous Russian writers of his time.

Early years

Thanks to his father, a writer, Daniil became interested in literature at an early age. He studied at several schools, including Petrishula - the oldest school in St. Petersburg. In 1925, the young man joined the All-Russian Union of Poets. Even before that, he began to use the pseudonym Kharms, with which he became widely known. The greatest influence on his work at that time was Velimir Khlebnikov, Kazimir Malevich, Alexey Kruchenykh.

The aspiring writer Daniil Kharms joined a variety of literary circles, the heyday of which occurred precisely in the 1920s. One of them was the community of “plane trees” - young philosophers and writers of Leningrad. It also included Leonid Lipavsky, Alexander Vvedensky and Yakov Druskin.

The main activity of “Chinari” was performances with reading of their own poems. Sometimes at such meetings there were dances, especially the then extremely popular foxtrot. The Union of Poets, the locations of the regiments where his friends served - these are just some of the places where Daniil Kharms himself performed. A biography for children can do without these facts, but for the future children's writer, the events of that period of life were extremely important for the development of his creative style. Gradually, public recitations of avant-garde poetry became more and more difficult. Every year the Soviet state became more and more picky about what the intelligentsia offered to society.

OBERIU

Gradually, Daniil Kharms, whose biography at that time was most connected with life within the Leningrad bohemia, gathered around him a circle of devoted supporters. This group was called either the “Left Flank” or the “Academy of Left Classics.” In 1927 it was renamed the Association of Real Art - OBERIU. The group broke up in the early 1930s. The greatest success of her work can be considered “The Three Left Hours” - a creative evening at which the premiere of Kharms’s play “Elizabeth Bam” took place.

According to the creator's plan, OBERIU was supposed to unite all the forces of leftist art in Leningrad. Therefore, the group was initially divided into five sections: literary, visual, musical, theatrical and cinematic. Daniil Ivanovich Kharms had a hand in all this. The biography for children published in the USSR, of course, did not mention these sometimes radical experiments of the writer.

Collaboration with children's magazines

What else was young Daniil Kharms famous for? The writer's biography is often associated among the general reader with his works in the genre of children's literature. Kharms began writing for children at the instigation of Samuil Marshak, Boris Zhitkov and Nikolai Oleinikov. In the 1930s he worked in children's magazines "Chizh", "Hedgehog" and "Cricket". Daniil Kharms left many stories and puzzles in them. The biography (2nd grade presentation) cannot do without mentioning this part of his work.

For a long time, children's literature remained perhaps the author's only constant income. It is interesting that even innocent works for the smallest audience were banned by censorship for some time. This happened, for example, with the “Naughty Book” - a collection of stories and poems. She was on the censorship lists from 1951 to 1961.

Daniil Kharms, whose biography is also the biography of a translator, translated some children's works. Thanks to him, Wilhelm Busch and his book of humorous poems “Plikh and Plyukh” were read in the USSR. The writer also published works written in collaboration with his creative colleagues. So in 1937, “Stories in Pictures” was published. The illustrations were drawn by Nikolai Radlov, but the text itself was written by Nina Gernet, Natalya Dilaktorskaya and Daniil Kharms. The author's biography was known for a long time mainly from this book.

Personal life

The writer got married for the first time in 1928. His wife was Esther Rusakova. Most of the works written by Kharms in the second half of the 20s and early 30s were dedicated to this girl. The couple divorced in 1932. Later Rusakova was repressed.

Then Kharms lived in short novels. Such was the relationship with the artist Alisa Poret. The writer married for the second time in 1934 - this time to Marina Malich. The couple were together until the disastrous arrest of Kharms in 1941.

Link to Kursk

Kharms was first arrested in 1931. Then, allegedly, an “anti-Soviet group of writers” was discovered, to which 26-year-old Yuvachev was included. At first he was sentenced to three years in the camps. Then the sentence for the convicted person was changed to exile in Kursk.

Kharms’ comrade Alexander Vvedensky also happened to be there. Apart from him, the writer communicated only with the artists Erbstein, Safonova and Gershov. This company was significantly smaller than the one with which the exile maintained contact in Leningrad. And yet, the writer was lucky. He himself received the news about his deportation to Kursk instead of prison with joy, and treated it no differently than a creative business trip.

In exile, the main problem was the lack of money and problems with housing. Daniil Kharms experienced all this with great difficulty. The biography, briefly known from the letters of that time, says that the only consolation for the convict were these same letters from friends and relatives. Kharms' main correspondents remained his sister, father, aunt, Boris Zhitkov and Tamara Meyer. In Kursk, the writer experienced his first health problems. They were caused by poor nutrition and lack of good doctors. But even in provincial outpatient clinics, the writer was given disappointing diagnoses - pleurisy and a nervous breakdown.

Changes in style

In the fall of 1932, the writer returned to Leningrad. After the first trial, Kharms' life changed greatly. His group OBERIU found itself under a virtual ban - its active public activities ceased. The circulation of Yuvachev's children's books has decreased. He began to live in poverty - there was a clear lack of money. In connection with this, the author’s entire creative style has changed.

Before the case against the “anti-Soviet group,” the writer Daniil Kharms, whose biography in this sense repeated the fate of many other colleagues, paid a lot of attention to utopian projects and themes. After 1932, he gradually abandoned the previous concept. In addition, the writer pays more and more attention to prose and less and less to poetry.

Problems with publishing books

The inability to publish his adult works is what Daniil Kharms suffered most from. The author's biography, poems and stories in the modern sense are an important part of Russian culture of the 20th century. However, during his lifetime, Kharms did not have such an honorable status at all. Despair led him to begin making fantastic plans for publishing the samizdat magazine “Tapir”. This plan never came to fruition.

In 1933, Kharms suffered from paratyphoid fever. Even after recovery, he was in a creative crisis. For example, in the first half of 1933, the writer completed only a dozen poems and two miniatures, which were later included in the “Cases” cycle. But it was precisely these sketches, including “The Mathematician and Andrei Semenovich,” that became the new starting point from which Daniil Ivanovich Kharms later built. The biography of the writer was like an attraction - after a long period of stagnation, he finally began to work fruitfully with a new form.

Life in Leningrad

While in Leningrad, Kharms sometimes spent entire weeks with his aunt in Tsarskoe Selo. Such was the summer of 1933, when he became interested in chess problems and plunged headlong into Indian topics. It is interesting that the writer practiced hatha yoga back in the 20s.

1933 - 1934 were a period of numerous meetings of plane trees on Gatchinskaya Street in the house of Leonid Lipavsky. This philosopher and writer remained Kharms’s best friend for a long time. At the same time, German language specialist Dmitry Mikhailov joined their circle. His hobbies were close to Kharms, since he himself passionately loved everything connected with Germany.

New events

At this time, the writer earned money mainly from his performances in Leningrad schools. He also went to pioneer camps. He knew how to get along with children, who were always delighted with the visits of the famous children's writer. This period of relative financial prosperity was interrupted in 1935. At the same time, Malevich died, with whom Kharms had a long-standing, warm creative and human relationship. The writer spoke with his poem at the civil memorial service for the artist.

In the summer of 1935, Daniil Ivanovich Kharms, whose biography was still closely connected with children's magazines, wrote the play “Circus Shardam”. Its premiere took place in October at the Shaporina Puppet Theater. Subsequently, financial problems plagued Kharms more and more often. He repeatedly applied to the Literary Fund for loans.

Creativity flourishes

In the 1930s, Kharms wrote his main works. These were “Cases” (a cycle of stories), “The Old Woman” (a story) and many stories in short prose. The author never managed to publish them. During his lifetime, Kharms was primarily known as a writer in the genre of children's literature. His “underground” work became known much later.

It is believed that in 1936 a new type of Kharms prose appeared. Vivid examples of such works were “The Fate of the Professor’s Wife”, “The Cashier”, “Father and Daughter”. These stories mainly dealt with the theme of death. It is also significant that that year Kharms wrote only two poems, “The Dream of Two Black Ladies” and “Variations.”

At the end of 1936, the Soviet press began to prepare for the centenary of Pushkin's death. Kharms dedicated two works to “Our Everything.” The first is the story “Pushkin - for children”, the second is an anonymous essay about Pushkin, published in Chizh.

Second arrest and death

In 1937, Kharms's children's publishing house was destroyed. Many of his friends and comrades were repressed (Nikolai Zabolotsky, Nikolai Oleinikov, Tamara Gabbe, etc.). Kharms himself was arrested for the second time in August 1941 - in the third month of the war with Germany. He was accused of spreading defeatist sentiments.

At the height of the famine during the blockade of the city, the writer was sent to a psychiatric hospital located in the famous “Crosses”. There he died on February 2, 1942. Kharms was rehabilitated only 18 years later.

The writer's archive was saved by the writer Yakov Druskin. The author's manuscripts were taken in a suitcase from the author's house, which was badly damaged by the bombing. Publication of these “adult” works began in the 1960s. However, even during the Thaw, their circulation remained low. Kharms’s legacy enjoyed much greater popularity in samizdat. In 1974, his selected works were published in the USA. The most complete four-volume edition appeared in Bremen in the 1980s. In the USSR, the copying of Kharms' works stopped only during perestroika. It was then that domestic readers for the first time were able to fully become acquainted with the work of the poet and prose writer.

Biography

He studied at the privileged German school Petrischule. In 1924 he entered the Leningrad Pedagogical Institute, but was soon forced to leave it. In 1925 he took up writing. In his early youth, he imitated the tourist poetics of Khlebnikov and Kruchenykh. Then, in the second half of the 1920s, he abandoned the predominance of “zaumi” in versification.

Upon returning from exile, Kharms continues to communicate with like-minded people and writes a number of books for children to earn a living. After the publication in 1937 in a children's magazine of the poem “A man with a club and a bag came out of the house,” which “has since disappeared,” Kharms was not published for some time, which put him and his wife on the brink of starvation. At the same time, he writes many short stories, theatrical sketches and poems for adults, which were not published during his lifetime. During this period, the cycle of miniatures “Cases” and the story “The Old Woman” were created.

Addresses in Petrograd - Leningrad

1922-1924 - apartment of N.I. Kolyubakina - Detskoe Selo (now the city of Pushkin), Revolution Street (now Malaya), 27;
12.1925 - 08.23.1941 - Trofimov's house - Nadezhdinskaya street (since 1936 Mayakovsky street), 11, apt. 8.

Notes

Declamations

“Cases” by Daniil Kharms performed by Sergei Yursky and Zinovy Gerdt

Film adaptations

“The Kharms Case” by Slobodan Pesic (1987);
“Clowning” by Dmitry Frolov (1989) - a tragicomedy of the absurd, based on the works of Daniil Kharms;
“Staru-kha-rmsa” by Vadim Gems (1991) - a film adaptation of D. Kharms’ story “The Old Woman”;
“Concert for a Rat” by Oleg Kovalov (1996)
“Falling into Heaven” by Natalia Mitroshina (2007)
“Plyuh and Plykh” by Ekran studio Nathan Lerner (1984), based on the book by Walter Busch in the Translation by Daniil Kharms

Literature

100th anniversary of Daniil Kharms: Conference materials. St. Petersburg, 2005.
Glotser V. Marina Durnovo. My husband Daniil Kharms. M.: IMA-Press, 2001.
Jacquard J.-F. Daniil Kharms and the end of the Russian avant-garde. St. Petersburg, 1995.
Kobrinsky A.A. About Kharms and more. St. Petersburg, 2007.
Kobrinsky A. A. Daniil Kharms. M.: Young Guard, 2008. - (“The Life of Wonderful People”). 2nd ed. - 2009.
Kharmsizdat presents: Sat. materials. St. Petersburg, 1995.
Tokarev D. Course for the worst: absurdity as a category of text in Daniil Kharms and Samuel Beckett. M.: New Literary Association, 2002. - 336 p.

Music

The poem “Very, very tasty pie” in the musical interpretation of the “Other Creative” community.

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See what "Kharms" is in other dictionaries:

Daniil (real name Yuvachev Daniil Ivanovich; 1905, St. Petersburg - 1942, Leningrad), Russian writer. D. Kharms Son of the writer I. P. Yuvachev. In 1922 or a little earlier he began his poetic career. Together with L. S. Lipavsky, Ya. S. Druskin, A ... Literary encyclopedia

See: OBERIUT Lexicon of Nonclassics. Artistic and aesthetic culture of the 20th century.. V.V. Bychkov. 2003 ... Encyclopedia of Cultural Studies

- (real name Yuvachev) Daniil Ivanovich (1905 42), Russian writer. Member of the literary group Association of Real Art (OBERIU, 1927 1930). In poetry, plays (Comedy of the City of St. Petersburg, 1927, published posthumously; Elizaveta Vam ... Russian History

Kharms D.I.- KHARMS (real name Yuvachev) Daniil Ivanovich (190542), Russian. writer. Participant lit. group Association of Real Lawsuits (OBERIU, 192730). In poetry, plays (Comedy of the City of St. Petersburg, 1927, publ. see; Elizaveta Bam, post. 1928), rep... Biographical Dictionary

Daniil Kharms Name at birth: Daniil Ivanovich Yuvachev Date of birth: December 17 (30), 1905 Place of birth: St. Petersburg Date of death: February 2, 1942 Place of death: Leningrad ... Wikipedia

Real name Yuvachev (1905 1942), Russian writer. In poetry, plays ("Elizabeth Bam", staged in 1927), the story "The Old Woman" (1939, published in 1991), grotesque stories (the cycle "Cases", 1933 39, published posthumously), the originality of poetics... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

Kharms, Daniil Ivanovich- Daniil Ivanovich Kharms. KHARMS (real name Yuvachev) Daniil Ivanovich (1905 42), Russian writer. Member of OBERIU. In poetry, plays (“Elizabeth Bam”, staged in 1927), the story “The Old Woman” (1939, published in 1991), grotesque stories (cycle... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

KHARMS (real name Yuvachev) Daniil Ivanovich (1905 42) Russian writer. In the play Elizaveta Bam (staged in 1927), the story The Old Woman (1939, published in 1991), in grotesque stories (the series Cases, 1933 39, published posthumously) showed... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

KHARMS Daniil Ivanovich- KHARMS (real name Yuvachev) Daniil Ivanovich (190542), Russian Soviet writer. The play “Elizabeth to You” (post. 1927). Book poems and stories for children “Naughty Traffic Jam”, “Theater” (both 1928), “About how Kolka Pankin flew to Brazil, and ... ... Literary encyclopedic dictionary

- (Yuvachev). Genus. 1905, d. 1942. Writer (poet, prose writer, playwright) (absurdist). He took up literary work professionally in 1925. Member of the Order of Zaumnikov, later the Association of Real Art (OBERIU), the Association of Children's Writers... ... Large biographical encyclopedia

- (real name Yuvachev; 1905/06 1942) – Russian. writer. Entered literature in the middle. 20s In poetry, plays ("Elizabeth Bam", post. 1927), p. “The Old Woman” (1939), grotesque stories (cycle “Cases”, 1933 39) showed the absurdity of existence, depersonalization... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Pseudonyms

Daniil Kharms Name at birth: Daniil Ivanovich Yuvachev Date of birth: December 17 (30), 1905 Place of birth: St. Petersburg Date of death: February 2, 1942 Place of death: Leningrad ... Wikipedia

Kharms, Daniil Ivanovich Daniil Kharms Birth name: Daniil Ivanovich Yuvachev Date of birth: December 17 (30), 1905 ... Wikipedia

Books

Stories, sketches, sketches, Daniil Ivanovich Kharms. Daniil Ivanovich Kharms (real name Daniil Ivanovich Yuvachev) poet, prose writer, one of the organizers and active authors of the OBERIU group, classic of Russian literature. Born in St. Petersburg 30...
Stories, sketches, sketches, Daniil Ivanovich Kharms. This book will be produced in accordance with your order using Print-on-Demand technology. Daniil Ivanovich Kharms (real name Daniil Ivanovich Yuvachev) poet, prose writer, one of the organizers and...

1928 The Leningrad Press House was excited by the performance of young shocking writers calling themselves Oberiuts. They recited poems written in abstruse ways, staged the absurdist “Elizabeth Bam,” and to top it all off, they showed the world a montage film with the promising title “Meat Grinder.” The main one among the Oberiuts was Daniil Kharms, whose biography became the topic of this article.

Early years

The future poet was born on December 30, 1905. The penchant for writing was passed on to Daniil genetically: his father, who corresponded with Chekhov and Tolstoy, was known not only for his revolutionary activities, but also for his attempts at writing, and his mother was a noblewoman by birth and was in charge of an orphanage. A short biography of Daniil Kharms includes mention of his brilliant education at a privileged German school. After the revolution, he was enrolled in the Leningrad Electrical Technical College, from where he was expelled with the wording “poor attendance” and inactivity in public works.”

Origins of literary activity

When did Daniil Ivanovich Kharms, whose biography became the subject of many studies, change his surname Yuvachev and finally believe in his talent as a writer? The first use of the pseudonym occurred in the early 1920s. They tried to find the answer to the surname “Kharms” (as well as its numerous variants, including Kharms, Haarms and Karl Ivanovich, who came from nowhere) in numerous dialects. The analogies with the English and French languages should be considered the most plausible. If in the first harm is “harm,” then in the second a similar word means charm, attractiveness.

Around then, Kharms wrote his first poetic works. As a guide, he chooses Khlebnikov, or rather, his close admirer A. Tufanov. Subsequently, the “Order of Brainiacs” will be replenished with such a talented poet as Daniil Kharms. His biography also shows that in 1926 he joined the All-Russian Union of Poets, from which he was expelled due to non-payment of fees.

OBERIU

In the first half of the 20s, Kharms met Vvedensky and Druskin, who were the founders of the “plane tree” circle. Subsequently, Daniil will also join there, deciding to unite all the “left” writers under one name, one group - OBERIU. This complex abbreviation stands for “Union of Real Art”. Interestingly, in the group’s manifesto, published in 1928, the Oberiuts declared the Zaumi school to be the most hostile to themselves. Kharms renounced the destruction of words, the usual game of nonsense. The goal of their group was global in nature and projected onto the world around them. The Oberiuts sought to clear the subject of “literary husk” and make its perception more real. This applies both to his clearly avant-garde experiments (the poems “The Evil Assembly of Infidels”, “I Sang ...”), and to works of a humorous nature.

Kharms also explains the phenomenon of absurdity in prose miniatures like “Blue Notebook No. 10,” “Sonnet,” and “Old Women Falling Out.” In his opinion, the logic of art should be different from everyday logic. As an example, Kharms cites a case where the artist, contrary to anatomical laws, slightly twisted the main character’s shoulder blade, which, however, does not prevent us, the audience, from admiring the beauty of the depicted nature. Daniel also created dramatic works (for example, the above-mentioned “Elizabeth Bam”), which easily fit into the context of the experiences of the rest of the Oberiuts.

Works for children

How did the biography of Daniil Kharms develop further? He began writing for children in the late 20s, collaborating with a number of magazines. Other members of OBERIU also worked there, however, unlike them, Kharms took his current job responsibly, which, by the will of fate, became his only source of income. The poet’s poems and puzzles were published in magazines, and he published a number of books (“Firstly and Secondly,” “The Game,” etc.). Some of them were banned or not recommended for public libraries, others were especially loved among young readers.

Kharms in the 1930s

This period became especially difficult for writers who did not want to put their talent on the conveyor belt. Daniil Kharms was one of them. The biography (autobiography, more precisely) of those times is captured in the sad lines of the poem “On visits to the writer’s house...”. The poet discovers with surprise and indignation that his acquaintances have turned their backs on him, a writer who has fallen out of favor. Kharms's first arrest took place in December 1931. Formally, the sentence concerned the poet’s activities in the field, although the real reason for the arrest was related to OBERIU. Apparently, the Soviet government could not forgive him for the shocking, somewhat scandalous antics that characterize avant-garde art - as Daniil Kharms understood it. The poet's biography in the 30s is distinguished by an ideological crisis and constant material deprivation. However, his second wife, Marina Malich, who remained with the poet until the end of his life, helped him cope with them.

Death

The war has begun. Kharms met it with defeatist sentiments and unwillingness to participate in it, for which he was arrested a second time. In order to avoid execution, Kharms feigned madness. He was placed in a psychiatric hospital, where he died during the terrible events of the siege of Leningrad. This is how Daniil Kharms graduated, whose biography and creative heritage are now of considerable interest.

Real name: Yuvachev Daniil Ivanovich. Born December 17 (30), 1905 in St. Petersburg, died February 2, 1942 in Leningrad. Russian writer and poet.

Your main pseudonym "Daniil Kharms" Daniil came up with it during his school years (around 1921-1922). This pseudonym he first signed school notebooks. Later pseudonym became the official name (It is known that Kharms Yuvachev-Kharms first signed his passport in pencil, and then legalized his pseudonym - Kharms).

About the origin pseudonym researchers are still arguing. Many literary scholars have repeatedly made attempts to decipher in their own way pseudonym writer, putting forward many versions of his origin, finding sources in English, German, French, Hebrew, Sanskrit. (For example, some elevate his false surname "Harms" to the French “charme” - “charm, charm”, some to the English “harm” - “harm”).

But the most common version is that pseudonym inspired by the beloved Conan Doyle and associated with the name of Sherlock Holmes, since Holmes and Kharms- surnames are consonant. Also, the reason for this version was the descriptions mentioned by memoirists of Kharms’ manner of dressing like a “London dandy.” In the few photographs Kharms easily recognizable by his indispensable pipe and style of clothing (he wore short gray socks, gray stockings and a large gray cap).

In addition to the main pseudonym Daniil Kharms used over 40 more pseudonyms(exact number unknown): DCH, Daniel Charms, Daniel, Daniil Sharpener (Kharms), DaNiil Kharms, Daniil Kharms School of Chinar Vzir Zaumi, School of Chinar Vzir Zaumi Daniil Kharms, D. Kh., Chinar Daniil Ivanovich Kharms, D. Harms, D. I. Kharms, D. Bash, Daniil Horms, Daniil Kharms, Khoerms, Daniel Haarms, Daniil Haarms, Daniil Protoplast, Dan. Kharms, (Yaroneya), Kharms, Daniil Dandan, Dan. Kharms, (Yaroneya), Kharms, Daniil Dandan, Dandan, Daniil Ivanovich Kharms, D. Kharms-Shardam, Daniil Shardam, Shardam, Daniil Kharms-Shardam, Vanya Mokhov, Karl Ivanovich Shusterling, Charms, Daniil Charms, Harmonius; Faith, Hope, Love, Sofia; Haarms, D., Daniil, Daniil Ivanovich Dukon- Kharms, A. Sushko, Writer Kolpakov, etc.

The reason for such frequent name changes Kharms explained it quite simply. He believed that a constant name brings misfortune. This is evidenced by the following diary entry Kharms from December 23, 1936: “Yesterday dad told me that as long as I am Kharms, I will be haunted by needs.” And in order to avoid misfortunes, Kharms took himself a new one every time. pseudonym. Most of them are formed from the first pseudonym. For example: Daniil Ivanovich Kharms, D. Kharms, D.I. Kharms, Daniil Horms, Daniil Kharms, Khoerms, Daniel Haarms, Daniil Haarms, DCH, Daniel Charms, Daniel, DaNiil Kharms etc.

Such pseudonyms, as Daniil Kharms School of plane trees Vzir zaumi, School of plane trees Vzir Zaumi Daniil Kharms, Chinar Daniil Ivanovich Kharms testify to the desire Kharms to emphasize his belonging to the then new left “trend”.

Nicknames Shardam Kharms-Shardam, Daniil Shardam, Shardam, Daniil Kharms-Shardam are consonant with Sherlock Holmes.

Nicknames Vanya Mokhov, Karl Ivanovich Shusterling, Writer Kolpakov, A. Sushko, D. Bash - these are the so-called “children’s” pseudonyms of Kharms, which are distinguished by their special “liberty” in their education.

Nickname“Faith, Hope, Love, Sophia” - Christian Turner “faith - hope - love” supplemented with “sophia”, i.e. wisdom.

Was born D. Harms in St. Petersburg, with which his whole life was connected. He studied here and began writing his first poems here. He entered literature as a professional poet in the mid-1920s, when some of his poems appeared in almanacs.

Kharms was one of the founders of the literary group OBERIU (Association of Real Art), which included poets A.Vvedensky, N.Zabolotsky, Yu.Vladimirov and others, who used the techniques of alogism, absurdity, and grotesque. In 1927, Kharms' play "Elizabeth to You" was staged on the stage of the House of Press. Kharms read his works at meetings with the public, his poems and stories were distributed in manuscripts. In 1930, the activities of OBERIU as a “formalist association” were prohibited. Marshak, appreciating talent Kharms, attracted him to work with children's literature. Since 1928, Kharms published poems for children in the magazines "Chizh" and "Hedgehog". Several children's books have also been published, including such well-known ones as “Ivan Ivanovich Samovar”, “The Game”, “Million”.

Spare parts for passenger cars in Chekhov.

D. Harms was arrested on August 23, 1941, and died on February 2, 1942 while in a psychiatric hospital. His name was erased from Soviet literature, and only in 1956 were his works rehabilitated. In the 1960s, his books were republished, and the play “Elizabeth to You” returned to theater repertoires.