Fuel has arrived from wiring suppliers. How to record the receipt of materials in accounting. Postings for receipt and disposal of materials

To account for materials, there is accounting account 10 “Materials”. Account 10 is active, it keeps records of the enterprise's assets (material assets), the debit of this account reflects the receipt of materials at the enterprise's warehouse, the credit reflects the disposal and their release into production.

When entering an enterprise, material assets can be taken into account in two ways:

• at actual cost (often this is what happens);
• at accounting prices (in this case, average purchase prices or planned cost can act as accounting prices).

A number of sub-accounts can be opened for the 10th account: raw materials, semi-finished products, fuel, containers, spare parts, etc.

In addition, each sub-account can also keep analytical records of receipts for each specific type (grade, name) of materials or for their storage locations.

Accounting at actual cost

Costs include:

• directly the cost under the purchase and sale agreement;
• costs of third-party services related to the acquisition of materials (for example, information, consulting);
• transportation and procurement costs (TZR);
• costs associated with bringing material assets to a state in which they can be used.

Receipt of materials from the supplier is carried out on the basis of a power of attorney to receive goods and materials, form M-2 or M-2a. Form M-2a is usually used for frequent, constant receipt of valuables. Form M-2 is usually used for one-time receipt. The main difference between these two forms is the presence of a counterfoil in the M-2 form, which, when issuing a power of attorney, remains in the accounting department and is filed in the appropriate folders. This spine contains necessary information about the issued power of attorney and allows the accountant not to make additional manual entries. The use of these forms is relevant if the person receiving the goods and materials from the supplier or carrier who delivered the goods and materials is not the head of the organization or an individual entrepreneur.

Postings

VAT on purchased goods and materials is allocated to a separate account 19 “Value added tax on acquired assets” by posting D19 K60, after which VAT is sent for deduction to the debit of account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees” subaccount “VAT” - posting D68.VAT K19.

Payment to the supplier from the current account is made by posting D60 K51.

The above accounting entries can only be made if there are supporting documents:

• commodity or delivery note from the supplier;
• invoice with allocated VAT from the supplier;
• invoice and invoice for other costs associated with the purchase and transportation;
• payment documents confirming the fact of payment of all expenses by the buyer.

Postings for accounting for materials upon receipt at actual cost:

Example

An organization buys 1,000 inventory items for 118,000 rubles, including VAT of 18,000 rubles. Delivery costs amounted to 11,800 rubles, including VAT of 1,800 rubles. Inventory and materials are accounted for at actual prices. Delivery costs are reflected in a separate subaccount of account 10 - 10.ТЗР. 500 pieces were sent to production. Inventory

Postings:

Accounting at discount prices

In this case, auxiliary accounts are used to record inventory. 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets” and 16 “Deviation in the cost of material assets.”

Postings

VAT is allocated separately to account 19: D19 K60, after which it is sent to deduction D68.VAT K19.

After which the inventory items are debited to the account. 10 at discount prices: D10 K15.

The difference between the actual price indicated on the invoice. 15, and accounting reflected in the account. 10, reflected on the account. 16.

If the actual price is greater than the accounting price, then posting D16 K15 is performed by an amount equal to the difference between the purchase and accounting value. At the same time, on the account. 16 a debit balance appears, which at the end of the month is written off to those accounts to which materials are written off. The amount to be debited from the account. 16 at the end of the month is determined by the following formula:

(Balance on debit account 16 at the beginning of the month + turnover on debit account 16 for the month) * turnover on credit account. 10 per month / (balance on debit account 10 at the beginning of the month + turnover on debit account 10 per month).

(Loan balance account 16 at the beginning of the month + loan turnover account 16 for the month) * loan turnover account. 10 per month / (balance on debit account 10 at the beginning of the month + turnover on debit account 10 per month).

Example

An organization buys 1,000 inventory items for 118,000 rubles, including VAT of 18,000 rubles.

Inventory and materials are accounted for at a book price of 120 rubles. a piece. 500 pieces were sent to production. Inventory

Postings:

In addition to the fact that materials can be supplied to the enterprise from a supplier, they can also be made in-house from other materials, they can also be contributed to the authorized capital of the organization or received free of charge.

Other methods of receiving materials

When producing material assets, the cost at which they will be credited to the warehouse is the sum of all actual costs incurred during the production process. This may include: the cost of raw materials, depreciation of fixed assets used in production, staff salaries, overhead costs and other direct costs.

All production costs are collected on the account. 20 “Main production” or 23 “Auxiliary production”, after which they are written off to the account. 10 Materials.

Postings:

Contribution to the authorized capital

If material assets come from one of the founders in the form of a contribution to the authorized capital, then it is necessary to evaluate them, agree on the value with all founders, and, if necessary, use an independent examination.

Also, transportation and procurement costs may be included in the actual cost.

The posting for accounting for receipt of materials in this case will look like: D10 K75.

Free admission

If materials are supplied to an organization under a donation agreement (free of charge), then their actual cost is assumed to be equal to the average market value. This also includes transportation and procurement costs.

Gratuitous receipt is reflected by the posting: D10 K98.

As material assets are written off for production, the amounts for materials received as a gift are written off from the debit of account 98 “Deferred income” to the credit of account 91/1 (recorded as part of other income).

Postings for free receipt of materials:

The gratuitous transfer of material assets is different in that VAT is not allocated in this case, even if the supplier has provided an invoice.

Video: material accounting in 1C

Inventory assets (TMV) are the tangible property of an organization related to working capital. Let's take a closer look at how inventories, transactions and documents are kept in accounting.

In accounting, inventory items are material assets that will be used in the manufacture of finished products. To account for inventory items in accounting, the active account 10 “Materials” is primarily intended. At enterprises, for more convenient accounting, sub-accounts are opened for account 10 by type of materials:

Methods for acquiring inventory items in an organization can be different, for example:

• Purchase of goods and materials from a counterparty for non-cash payment ( discussed in example 1);
• The organization issues cash to the employee for the purchase of inventory items ( studied in example 2 and example 3).

Subsequently, purchased and capitalized goods are transferred to production. When transferring materials to production, the enterprise for the purposes accounting the cost can be written off by specifying one of the following methods in the accounting policy:

For tax accounting purposes, the cost of written-off materials is determined in accordance with clauses 2 and 4 of Art. 254 Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Materials can be written off:

• For main production (count 20) ( example 4);
• For auxiliary production (account 23);
• For general production expenses (account 25);
• For general business expenses (account 26) ( example 5).

Postings for accounting of inventory items in accounting

Example 1. Purchase of goods and materials from a counterparty by bank transfer

The acquisition of inventories (MPI) by bank transfer is regulated by clauses 5-11 of PBU 5/01, clause 1 of Article 254 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

The organization VESNA LLC purchases production materials from the supplier UYUT LLC for a total amount of 59,000 rubles, incl. VAT 18% - 9,000 rub.

Purchase of materials for non-cash transactions:

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Example 2. Purchase of goods and materials for cash with VAT

The organization VESNA LLC issued funds to employee A.A. Ivanov. in the amount of 15,000 rubles. from the organization's cash desk for the purchase of goods and materials. The employee provided an advance report for the amount issued.

Purchasing materials through an accountable person posting:

Example 3. Purchase of goods and materials for cash without VAT

The organization VESNA LLC issued funds to employee A.A. Ivanov. in the amount of 20,000.00 rubles from the organization’s cash desk for the purchase of inventory and materials. An employee purchased goods and materials in a retail store using a sales receipt without VAT and spent more than what was issued Money for RUB 2,500.00 The employee submitted an advance report for the amount issued.

Purchase of materials without VAT through an accountable person posting:

Example 4. Write-off of materials to main production

The organization VESNA LLC transfers 70 pieces of 4x4 boards into production for the manufacture of finished products. In accordance with accounting policy materials are written off at an average price.

According to the “4x4 Boards” nomenclature, the organization had a balance of 150 pieces for a total amount of 40,500.00 rubles:

• Let's calculate the average cost: 40,500.00 / 150 = 270.00 rubles;
• Let's calculate the cost of the material transferred to production: 70 * 270.00 = 18,900.00 rubles.

Write-off of materials to main production - postings and documents:

Example 5. Write-off of materials for general business expenses

The organization VESNA LLC transferred 50 pieces of notebooks and 100 pieces of pens to the Accounting department. According to the accounting policy, the cost of materials is written off at the average price.

The organization had balances in the range of Notebooks in the amount of 400 pieces for a total amount of 10,280.00 rubles, in the range of Pens in the amount of 550 pieces for a total amount of 8,525.00 rubles.

Let's calculate the average cost:

• notebooks 10,280.00 / 400 = 25.70 rubles;
• pens 8,525.00 / 550 = 15.50 rub.

Let's calculate the cost of written-off material for general business expenses:

• notebooks 50 * 25.70 = 1,285.00 rub.;
• pens 100 * 15.50 = 1,550.00 rub.

Thus, materials with a total cost of RUB 2,835.00 were written off as general business expenses, which is reflected in the posting.

The receipt of materials into the organization must be documented with primary documents. Materials are accepted for accounting only at actual cost (clause 5 of PBU 5/01). Actual cost- this is the amount of actual costs for the purchase of materials. It depends on the method of receipt of materials:

• purchase for money
• do-it-yourself production;
• receiving free of charge;
• receiving under exchange agreements (barter);
• upon liquidation of fixed assets;
• when surpluses are identified during inventory.

Materials purchased with money

The actual cost of materials received for payment includes:

• amounts paid in accordance with the agreement to the supplier (seller);
• amounts paid to organizations for information, consulting and intermediary services related to the acquisition of materials;
• customs duties;
• non-refundable taxes paid in connection with the purchase of materials (for example, VAT if the organization is not a tax payer);
• transportation and procurement costs;
• other costs directly related to the purchase of materials.

Accounting methods

There are two options for recording goods receipts:

• at actual cost;
• at accounting prices (using additional accounts 15 and 16).

The selected option must be reflected in the accounting policy.

At actual cost

When using this method, all costs associated with the purchase of materials are taken into account in account 10 “Materials”. Depending on the type of materials, a subaccount is selected:

• 10-1 “Raw materials and supplies”;
• 10-2 “Purchased semi-finished products and components, structures and parts”;
• 10-3 “Fuel”;
• 10-4 “Containers and packaging materials”;
• 10-5 “Spare parts”;
• 10-6 “Other materials”;
• 10-7 “Materials transferred for processing to third parties”;
• 10-8 “Building materials”;
• 10-9 “Inventory and household supplies”;
• 10-10 “Special equipment and special clothing in the warehouse”;
• 10-11 “Special equipment and special clothing in operation.”

When posting materials, the following entries are made:

Debit 10 Credit 60— reflects the cost of purchased materials

Debit 10 Credit 76— transport and procurement costs and others associated with the purchase of materials are reflected.

Debit 19 Credit 60.76— VAT on capitalized materials is taken into account.

Debit 68 Credit 19

Debit 60.76 Credit 51— expenses associated with the purchase of materials have been paid.

At discounted prices

Some organizations use accounting prices when reflecting the receipt of materials, with subsequent adjustment of deviations between accounting prices and actual costs (savings, overruns).

Why use discount prices? They make it possible to simplify accounting in large organizations with a large range of materials and big amount supplies.

Imagine that any intermediary services related to the acquisition of materials have been provided, but the documents have not yet been received. The materials have been capitalized and have already been written off for production, and then documents arrive from the counterparty. The accountant will have to change the actual cost of materials (it has increased) and, accordingly, adjust the write-off operation of materials. If documents related to the purchase of materials often arrive late, then it is advisable for the organization to use discount prices.

Registration prices can be:

• supplier price;
• fixed price approved for a certain period of time;
• actual cost of materials according to the previous month.

The accounting policy needs to establish the procedure for determining accounting prices.

Accounts 15 and 16

For accounting at discount prices, accounts 15 and 16 are used.

Account 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets.” By debit - the actual costs of acquiring material assets, by credit - the accounting value of materials received by the organization.

Debit 10 Credit 15 - materials received into the warehouse at accounting prices are capitalized.

Now all received documents on materials will be recorded in the debit of account 15 and form the actual cost.

Debit 15 Credit 60— the purchase cost of materials is reflected.

Debit 15 Credit 76— transportation costs for received materials are reflected.

Debit 15 Credit 76— services related to the purchase of materials are reflected.

Debit 19 Credit 60 (76)— VAT on capitalized materials is reflected.

Debit 68 Credit 19— VAT is accepted for deduction based on invoices.

At the end of the month, the accounting price of materials is checked against the actual price; if there are no discrepancies, then nothing else needs to be done. If the actual price turns out to be lower than the accounting price (savings) or, conversely, higher (overspending), then it will be necessary to adjust the resulting deviations in accounting. For this purpose the account is used 16 “Deviations in the cost of material assets”.

Account 16 takes into account the difference between the accounting price and the actual cost of materials.

Debit 15 Credit 16— the excess of the book price of materials over their actual cost is written off.

Debit 16 Credit 15— the excess of the actual cost of materials over their book price is written off.

Materials accounting - is one of the main accounting operations in the organization. The materials must be taken into account and the necessary entries must be made. The article discusses how to properly organize accounting for the receipt of materials, and provides tables with transactions that need to be reflected in the accounting department. For a more convenient perception of information, examples are given.

In accounting, account 10 “Materials” is used to account for materials. The debit of this account reflects the receipt of inventory items, and the credit their write-off.

Materials can arrive at the enterprise warehouse in several ways:

• purchase of materials;
• free transfer of materials;
• as a contribution to authorized capital;
• can be made in-house.

The cost of materials upon receipt can be taken into account in two ways:

1. At actual cost (accounting occurs directly on account 10).
2. At accounting prices (the accounting price can be the planned cost, average purchase prices), in this case, accounting for the cost of materials is formed using additional accounts 15 and 16.

ACCOUNTING FOR RECEIPT OF MATERIALS AT ACTUAL COST (ENTRY, EXAMPLE)

If inventory items are accepted for accounting at actual cost, then they are immediately debited to account 10 at the cost indicated in the supplier’s documents. If the organization is a VAT payer, then the tax amount is allocated for reimbursement from the budget to a separate sub-account. Postings when accounting for materials at actual cost are as follows:

EXAMPLE OF ACCOUNTING FOR RECEIPT OF MATERIALS WHEN PURCHASING

Postings for accounting for receipt of materials upon purchase

TZR are written off once a month in one transaction. To determine the amount of write-off of transportation and procurement costs, the following ratio is determined:

ACCOUNTING FOR MATERIALS AT ACCOUNTING PRICES USING ACCOUNTS 15, 16 (ENTRY, EXAMPLE)

If to account for materials, not the actual cost price is used, but the accounting price, then the accounting department uses additional accounts 15 and 16. Inventory and materials are entered into the debit of account 15 at the actual cost, and into the debit of account 10 at the accounting price. The difference between the actual and accounting price is called a deviation and is reflected in account 16. The excess of the accounting price over the actual price is reflected in the credit of account 16, the excess of the actual price over the accounting price is reflected in the debit of account 16. The wiring is shown in the table below.

ACCOUNTING FOR MATERIALS AT ACCOUNTING PRICES

The table below shows the main entries for accounting for receipt of materials (materials and materials).

Let's consider this option for accounting for materials using a specific example.

EXAMPLE OF ACCOUNTING RECEIPT OF MATERIALS

Postings for accounting for the purchase of materials for production

If the purchase price exceeds the accounting price, a debit balance is formed on account 16, this balance at the end of the month is written off to those accounts where the materials were written off proportionally according to the formula:

(debit balance at the beginning of the month for account 16 + debit turnover for account 16) x credit turnover for account 10 / (debit balance at the beginning of the month for account 10 + debit turnover for account 10).

If the purchase price is less than the discount price, then account 16 has a credit balance, which at the end of the month is written off according to the formula:

(credit balance at the beginning of the month of account 16 + credit turnover of account 16) x credit turnover of account 10 / (debit balance at the beginning of the month of account 10 + debit turnover of account 10)

In our example, the purchase price is less than the accounting price, account 16 has a credit balance, we determine the above ratio:

At the end of the month, using posting D20 K16, we write off the amount of 20,000.

In addition to purchase, materials can be supplied to the enterprise in other ways:

1. Production of materials in-house: posting D10 K20 (23) - materials manufactured were capitalized.
2. Receipt of materials in the form of a contribution to: posting D10 K75.
3. Donation (gratuitous transfer of materials): gratuitous receipt of materials is formalized by posting D10 K98, then account 98 is closed on 91 with posting D98 K91.

Materials accounting– is one of the main accounting operations in the organization. The materials must be taken into account and the necessary entries must be made. The article discusses how to properly organize accounting for the receipt of materials, and provides tables with transactions that need to be reflected in the accounting department. For a more convenient perception of information, examples are given.

In accounting, account 10 “Materials” is used to account for materials. The debit of this account reflects the receipt of inventory items, and the credit their write-off.

Materials can arrive at the enterprise warehouse in several ways:

• purchase of materials;
• free transfer of materials;
• in the form of a contribution to the authorized capital;
• can be made in-house.

The cost of materials upon receipt can be taken into account in two ways:

1. At actual cost (accounting occurs directly on account 10).
2. At accounting prices (the accounting price can be the planned cost, average purchase prices), in this case, accounting for the cost of materials is formed using additional accounts 15 and 16.

Video lesson “Accounting for materials, postings, examples”

In this video lesson, Natalya Vasilievna Gandeva, an expert teacher at the site “Accounting and Tax Accounting for Dummies,” talks in detail about Account 10 “Materials”, accounting, standard postings and practical examples. To watch the video, click on it ⇓

You can get the slides for the presentation in the lesson using the link below.

Accounting for receipt of materials at actual cost (postings, example)

If inventory items are accepted for accounting at actual cost, then they are immediately debited to account 10 at the cost indicated in the supplier’s documents. If the organization is a VAT payer, then the tax amount is allocated for reimbursement from the budget to a separate sub-account. Postings when accounting for materials at actual cost are as follows:

Example of accounting for receipt of materials upon purchase

Postings for accounting for receipt of materials upon purchase

TZR are written off once a month in one transaction. To determine the amount of write-off of transportation and procurement costs, the following ratio is determined:

Accounting for materials at accounting prices using accounts 15, 16 (postings, example)

If to account for materials, not the actual cost price is used, but the accounting price, then the accounting department uses additional accounts 15 and 16. Inventory and materials are entered into the debit of account 15 at the actual cost, and into the debit of account 10 at the accounting price. The difference between the actual and accounting price is called a deviation and is reflected in account 16. The excess of the accounting price over the actual price is reflected in the credit of account 16, the excess of the actual price over the accounting price is reflected in the debit of account 16. The wiring is shown in the table below.

Postings for accounting materials at accounting prices

The table below shows the main entries for accounting for receipt of materials (materials and materials).

Let's consider this option for accounting for materials using a specific example.

Example of accounting for receipt of materials

Postings for accounting for the purchase of materials for production

If the purchase price exceeds the accounting price, a debit balance is formed on account 16, this balance at the end of the month is written off to those accounts where the materials were written off proportionally according to the formula:

(debit balance at the beginning of the month for account 16 + debit turnover for account 16) x credit turnover for account 10 / (debit balance at the beginning of the month for account 10 + debit turnover for account 10).

If the purchase price is less than the discount price, then account 16 has a credit balance, which at the end of the month is written off according to the formula:

(credit balance at the beginning of the month of account 16 + credit turnover of account 16) x credit turnover of account 10 / (debit balance at the beginning of the month of account 10 + debit turnover of account 10)

In our example, the purchase price is less than the accounting price, account 16 has a credit balance, we determine the above ratio:

At the end of the month posting D20 K16 write off the amount of 20,000.

In addition to purchase, materials can be supplied to the enterprise in other ways:

1. Producing materials in-house: wiring D10 K20 (23)- materials manufactured were capitalized.
2. Receipt of materials as contribution to: posting D10 K75.
3. Donation (free transfer of materials): free receipt of materials is documented by posting D10 K98, then account 98 is closed at 91 by posting D98 K91.

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