Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is the greatest poet of Russian literature. His lyrics are related to freedom. He was one of the Decembrists. Many Decembrists were his lyceum friends.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was worried about the topic of freedom, his homeland, the fate of Russia, its history. He emphasizes this in his memoirs about Tsarskoe Selo. Pushkin wrote about the fate of Russia in his ode “Liberty”:
Autocratic Villain!
I hate you, your throne,
Your death, the death of children
I see it with cruel joy.
This poem was written in 1817. Perhaps Pushkin was prompted to write it by Karamzin’s “History of the Russian State.” These works echo the themes of the ode “Liberty.” For such poems in 1820 A.S. Pushkin was exiled. He didn't support serfdom and fought against autocracy.
The uprising of 1825 changed the life of Alexander Sergeevich. He was worried about his friends. But at the same time, he was upset that he could not take part in the uprising. Pushkin writes the poem “To Chaadaev”. The exact date of its composition remains in doubt, but it is dated to 1818. We can say that this poem is filled with the author’s feelings and experiences. Communicating with people like Chaadaev, Pushkin grew up to be a true patriot of his country:
...Comrade, believe: she will rise,
Russia will wake up from its sleep,
And on the ruins of autocracy
They will write porridge names!
Pushkin became more and more free-thinking and free-thinking.
Due to his exile, Pushkin could not contact his friends. He did not see them and did not correspond. But somehow he writes a letter to I.I. Pushchina. In this message, Alexander Sergeevich tries to support Pushchin in every possible way, reminding him of his lyceum years:
...Yes my voice to your soul
Gives the same consolation
May he illuminate the imprisonment
A ray of lyceum clear days!
Pushkin also addressed his message to the Decembrists on the Lyceum anniversary of “October 19, 1827”:
God help you, my friends,
And in storms and in everyday grief,
In a foreign land, in a deserted sea
And in the dark abyss of the earth!
Pushkin does not forget about them in his famous work"Eugene Onegin".
In the story “The Queen of Spades,” Alexander Pushkin describes the life of St. Petersburg at that time and its society.
Pushkin's lyrics absorbed perhaps the most intense moments of his life. But it also reflected sweet moments. It can be argued that he devotes a significant part of his poems to his homeland. Pushkin imagined it as a free country.
Pushkin's lyrics will always be relevant. During the years of his life it was a great success, and today we read his poems with admiration. Pushkin created immortal literature. Many more generations will live with her...
It was Pushkin who showed that poetry is not only about rhyme. Poetry is born from the poet's observations and experiences. All phenomena of the surrounding life are reflected in his work. The source of his inspiration was life itself in all its everyday life. The theme of freedom and liberty is one of the main themes in the lyrics of A.S. Pushkin. For him, the meaning invested in the concept of freedom becomes a kind of starting point. Starting with “Licinius,” the poet devotes his best works to freedom.
At different periods of his work, the poet explains the concept of freedom in different ways, understands its meaning in the life of society, in his personal life. The following poems help to understand and reveal this topic: “Liberty”, “To Chaadaev”, “Prisoner”, “In the depths of the Siberian ores...”, “Village”.
After graduating from the Lyceum, Pushkin writes the ode “Liberty.” The freedom-loving atmosphere of the lyceum had a huge influence on him. The poem was written in 1817. At the very beginning, Pushkin declares in whose honor this ode was written:
I want to sing Freedom to the world,
Slay vice on the thrones...
The main idea of this poem is that the law should be above all, and the authorities should obey it. Pushkin understands that not only tsars should not rule over the law, but also the people should not break it. During this period, the future Decembrists were close in views and beliefs to Pushkin, and in the poem “Freedom” he openly calls on oppressed people to fight for freedom. In it, Pushkin not only reproaches and condemns the rulers, but also touches upon Alexander I himself. There are many contradictions in the poem, but it is one of the main works that reveals the theme of freedom. It also calls for struggle, and this call is addressed to the oppressed:
...Tyrants of the world! tremble!
And you, take courage and listen,
Arise, fallen slaves!
The poem “The Prisoner” was written in 1822. This is one of the romantic poems written on the theme of freedom. Pushkin talks about himself as a prisoner languishing in prison. The poet is in exile, he is cut off from friends and loved ones, he is constantly being watched, even in freedom he feels like a prisoner in a dungeon:
I'm sitting behind bars in a damp dungeon...
Pushkin calls the eagle “my sad comrade,” because both of them are in captivity, both strive for freedom. The poem reflects the mood of the progressive people of the era, their protest against autocracy. These thoughts are also close to the people who fought for their liberation.
The next no less striking work is the message “To Chaadaev”. He was friends with Chaadaev - an absolutely amazing person, an outstanding philosopher. “You were the healer of my spiritual strength,” the poet said about him. Pushkin and Chaadaev dreamed of liberating Russia from the yoke of autocracy. But Chaadaev was not sure that their hopes would soon come true. This poem continues the theme of freedom and liberty:
While we are burning with freedom,
While hearts are alive for honor,
My friend, let's dedicate it to the fatherland
Beautiful impulses from the soul!
The Decembrists widely used the message in revolutionary sheets. At the end of this poem, Pushkin expresses his best hopes for a bright future:
...she will rise,
Star of captivating happiness,
Russia will wake up from its sleep...
Pushkin's love for the Motherland is inextricably linked with the struggle for its freedom. The feelings expressed in the poem are accurately and vividly reflected in verbal images. The theme of freedom sounds in a new way in Pushkin’s lyrics after the events of December 14, 1825. Many of the poet's friends were at Senate Square on the day of the uprising, they devoted themselves to serving the Motherland. In his poem “In the depths of the Siberian ores...” he addresses precisely these wonderful and brave people.
Close friendship connected him with the Decembrists Pushchin and Ryleev. He tries to support his friends, he believes in their liberation. Pushkin had a hard time being separated from his comrades. The poems “To Chaadaev”, “In the depths of Siberian ores...” and many others were dedicated to friends.
The poet did not change his views, did not feel the desired freedom, and greatly missed his Decembrist friends. Pushkin was sympathetic to the exiled Decembrists, participated in seeing off their wives to Siberia and conveyed his poems with them, among them was a message to Pushchin and a message to Siberia, “Thoughts of high aspiration” - thoughts about freedom, about the happiness of the people. Pushkin believes: “your sorrowful work will not be wasted,” for which these courageous people gave their lives. There will be people who will continue their struggle for freedom. The poet ends the poem with confidence in victory:
The heavy shackles will fall,
The dungeons will collapse and there will be freedom
You will be greeted joyfully at the entrance,
And the brothers will give you the sword.
On behalf of the Decembrists, Odoevsky answered Pushkin:
_Our sorrowful work will not be wasted:
A spark will ignite a flame.
The poem “Village” was written in 1819. It consists of two parts. The first describes the countryside as a haven of peace and inspiration. But the second part is of a completely different nature. It completely contradicts the first one. In this part, Pushkin exposes cruel serfdom.
Pushkin foresaw the problems of the next centuries. He was a real poet, awakening good feelings in the souls of people. Pushkin conquered time and space. He was an unrecognized genius. His era is further and further from us, but his works are still relevant. And, in my opinion, today it is especially necessary for everyone to read the books of this immortal creator in order to educate a real person within themselves.
Writing about Pushkin means writing about the whole of Russian literature.
V.G. Belinsky
Pushkin is one of the first Russian poets who began to think about the need not only for the formal liberation of the people, but also for their spiritual emancipation. We value Pushkin, playwright and prose writer, poet and simply “Russian tradesman.” His poems and poems, letters and dramas are a great and necessary textbook. But the subject to which it is dedicated is not included in the matriculation certificate as such: it is too difficult for school curriculum. It’s difficult because the Poet teaches how to be a Human, and this course is designed to last a lifetime.
The fate of people always worried Pushkin. At the center of the poet’s work is the life of his contemporaries, the suffering that befell those who selflessly fought for freedom. He knew how to help people find faith in the future at the most necessary moment. For Pushkin, the idea of freedom is inseparable from the Fatherland, from the idea of patriotism. He believes that this is precisely his gift as a poet and citizen to his Motherland. He writes about this in the poem “To Chaadaev” (1818), which turns from a friendly message into a political one:
While we are burning with freedom,
While hearts are alive for honor,
My friend, let's dedicate it to the fatherland
Beautiful impulses from the soul!
The poet shares his thoughts with a friend and like-minded person, a comrade in the struggle. He speaks of disappointment in the “quiet, peaceful” ideas of romanticism and the acquisition of a new ideal of “holy freedom”, which is sure to come. Pushkin says that youthful dreams and hopes did not come true, “youthful fun disappeared, like a dream, like morning fog.” But the desire for a new life did not die in the poet’s soul. He calls on Chaadaev not to lose heart, to devote “the beautiful impulses of his soul” to the Fatherland:
Comrade, believe: she will rise,
Star of captivating happiness,
Russia will wake up from its sleep,
And on the ruins of autocracy
They will write our names!
The poem “To Chaadaev” combines revolutionary spirit and fiery patriotism. It expresses an optimistic mood. Pushkin wants his life and his poems to benefit his homeland. He is ready to direct all his efforts to renew Russia. The poet is against tsarism, calling it “autocracy.” He is absolutely sure that the autocracy will fall, that justice will prevail.
In addition to general freedom-loving ideas, the ode “Liberty” also contained direct political allusions to events of the recent past. In the poem, the author expressed dissatisfaction with the Russian monarch of that time, Alexander I. Pushkin was not an opponent of the monarchy. He wanted a just, humane, wise ruler to sit on the throne. The poet is outraged by the monarch’s non-compliance with the law, he writes: “Lords! It is the Law that gives you the crown and the throne, not nature...” Monarchy is a legal power, but the monarch should not place himself above the law, he must strictly observe the law: “You stand above the people, but the eternal Law is above you.” Pushkin considers it unacceptable that the country is ruled by a person who does not obey the law. The young poet denounces the “tyrants of the world” who deprive the people of their right to freedom. He is confident that those who break the law will sooner or later be punished. Words:
Autocratic Villain!
I hate you, your throne,
Your death, the death of children
With cruel joy I see -
Not without reason, they treated Paul I and his immediate descendants, about whose death the poet speaks. The ode “Liberty” is an example of civil lyricism. The poet uses here the traditions of classicism, but develops them in a revolutionary-Decembrist direction.
In Pushkin's times, serfdom dominated the village. Pushkin often wrote about him in his poems. In 1819, he stayed at his parents’ estate, Mikhailovsky. The poet lived there for some time, became acquainted with village life, and encountered manifestations of serfdom. Under the impression of the trip, the poet wrote the poem “Village”. Pushkin appears here as an irreconcilable opponent of serfdom, a “friend of freedom.” The poem begins with a picture of rural nature. The poet loves nature more than “feasts” and “fun”; he values the “peaceful sound of oak forests” and “the silence of fields” more dear to him. But against the backdrop of nature, the poet sees social inequality, the division of people into “bars” and “slaves”. Pushkin sees that the law is violated not only in St. Petersburg and Moscow, but throughout Russia: “Here the nobility is wild, without feeling, without law.” But, having expanded on the description of the beauties of rural nature and the pleasures of solitude in its bosom, the poet abruptly and unexpectedly refuses these pleasures:
But a terrible thought here darkens the soul:
Among flowering fields and mountains
A friend of humanity sadly remarks
Everywhere ignorance is a murderous shame.
Pushkin is outraged by the order established in the village. Valuing freedom most of all, the poet cannot come to terms with serfdom, which tramples the people’s rights to freedom. But in the last lines, Pushkin expresses the hope that the tsar will still heed the poet’s calls and return freedom to the “farmers.”
Reading Pushkin, reflecting on his creation, we become wiser, purer, brighter, kinder, and our soul is cleansed from the slave shackles of everyday life and gains wings. Pushkin was the first in Russian literature to elevate freedom to the rank of the only human need, perhaps the only one who dared to give his life to it, receiving practically nothing in return...
Bondage, it seems, was the inspiring muse of our time.
A Vyazemsky
Freedom is the key concept of Pushkin's work. For Alexander Sergeevich, a free and honest Russia has always been the subject of his dreams. Therefore, this social theme, the theme of the people and their fate, sounds in many of Pushkin’s poems and works. The theme of freedom occupied one of the main places in his work.
In his youth, Pushkin wrote the poem “To Chaadaev” (1818) and dedicated it to his friend, who had a huge influence on him. Conversations with Chaadaev elevated Pushkin and aroused patriotic feelings in him. In his ardent youthful message, the poet, speaking of a passionate desire to see
homeland of the free, compares this dream with the feeling of a passionate lover:
We wait with languid hope
Holy moments of freedom
How a young lover waits
Minutes of a faithful date...
The poet was united with Chaadaev by a feeling of friendship and like-mindedness since the time of Pushkin’s studies at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. During these same years, they begin to develop a feeling true love to his fatherland. This is confirmed by lines from the poem:
While we are burning with freedom,
While hearts are alive for honor,
My friend, let's dedicate it to the fatherland
Beautiful impulses from the soul!
The final lines of this lyrical work sound as if they call for a feat, which everyone understood as a revolution, as an action. With these lines, Pushkin once again reminds us that the best time of life, the most powerful and selfless time, must be devoted to the fatherland. Thus, the poem by A.S. Pushkin’s “To Chaadaev” became a kind of message for subsequent generations.
Other lyrical works of Pushkin have the same mood. For example, “Licinia” (1815), (“Liberty” (1817). In them, the lyrical hero so passionately proclaimed the ideas of freedom and justice, liberation from autocracy, called to devote oneself to the fatherland. As we see, the lyrical hero of the pre-Decembrist lyrics angrily denounced autocracy, serfdom. At the same time, he was still full of the poet’s own faith in the possibility of true happiness, conditioned by the freedom of the Russian people.
The Decembrist uprising and its sad outcome did not kill in the lyrical hero the passion for freedom that had been in him until those days. As before, no matter what aspect of life the poet’s poems concern, they are somehow connected with the idea of freedom. But now the lyrical hero is a man who worries and sympathizes with his friends who were exiled to Siberia for participating in the uprising. Despite this, the hero of Pushkin’s lyrical works remains faithful to the Decembrist ideals and calls on his contemporaries to remain faithful to the ideas of the Decembrists. These thoughts are especially clearly expressed in the message to Siberia (1827), where the lyrical hero passionately sympathizes with the Decembrists and wants to give them all his spiritual strength, part of his heart, just to alleviate their suffering. We hear these feelings in the lines of this poem:
Love and friendship up to you
They will reach through the dark gates,
Like in your convict holes
My free voice comes through.
We also see that the poet’s optimistic mood did not disappear, but became even greater. Instilling hope about a bright future for Russia in the hearts of his Decembrist friends, he writes that justice will still triumph and the long-awaited freedom will come:
The heavy shackles will fall,
The dungeons will collapse and there will be freedom
You will be greeted joyfully at the entrance,
And the brothers will give you the sword.
The famous critic V.G. Belinsky wrote about Pushkin’s poetry: “His poetry is alien to everything fantastic, dreamy, false, ghostly ideal; it is completely imbued with reality... By reading Pushkin, you can perfectly educate a person within yourself.” I completely agree with this opinion and believe that this is why the work of A.S. Pushkin is still relevant today.
And I also think that the whole world reads Pushkin’s works because it is from this writer that one can really learn sincerity of feelings and cultivate a real person.
According to the lyrics of A. S. Pushkin
Your verse, like God’s spirit, hovered over the crowd;
And, a review of noble thoughts,
It sounded like a bell on a veche tower,
On days of national celebrations and troubles.
M. Yu. Lermontov
First third XIX century... The time of hopes for liberal reforms, about which Alexander I spoke at the beginning of his reign, has passed.
Persecution of free-thinking people. And not everyone survived. Some bent their backs under the ever-increasing pressure of reaction, others, atoning for the “sins of youth,” went over to the camp of tsarism. Only the figure of a giant rose unshakably - the figure of Pushkin. He was
One of the few who continued to sing the song of Freedom, Equality and Brotherhood.
The year 1837 struck. The clock struck midnight in Russian literature: the hand of a murderer stopped the “heart of a poet.” “The poet, a slave of honor, died,” says young M. Yu. Lermontov in
The poem “Death of the Poet” and adds:
The wondrous genius has faded away like a torch,
The ceremonial wreath has faded.
But before these bitter words there was the life of the Poet, a life, albeit short, but bright, which left us creations of the mind and heart, unparalleled in the power of feelings...
Young A. S. Pushkin, who had just graduated from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, found himself in front of
Through the prose of life, he encountered the injustice of the serfdom. Russia, after glorious victories over Napoleon, began to succumb to destructive rot from within; unable to stand the test of time, the centuries-old foundations of autocracy collapsed; aggressive foreign policy The tsar, at least to some extent, was supposed to obscure class contradictions, take the view of a sensible person away from internal problems, and ignite a sense of nationalism in everyone... Russia was turning into the “gendarme of Europe,” itself suffocating under the rule of a tyrant.
Alas! Wherever I look -
Scourges everywhere, glands everywhere,
Laws are a disastrous shame,
Captivity weak tears, -
The poet wrote in his ode “Liberty”. But it’s not just pessimism that emanates from this poet’s work. It also calls for struggle, and this call is addressed to the oppressed: “Rise up, fallen slaves!” Pushkin’s lines breathe terrible “hatred”:
Autocratic Villain!
I hate you, your throne,
Your death, the death of children
I see it with cruel joy.
The poem “To Chaadaev” - philosophical reflections young man who must make a choice in life, a choice that everyone had to make, choosing the path of the “people's protector” or the path of the “passion of a slave.” Ryleev, Pestel, Kuchelbecker, Chaadaev, Pushkin chose the first path.
The time of youth has passed:
Love, Hope, quiet glory
Deception did not last long for us,
The youthful fun has disappeared
Like a dream, like morning fog.
And A. S. Pushkin affirms and preaches not avoidance of struggle, not passive romance with
Moans, sighs, and the battle for the bright future of the Fatherland:
Our desire still burns,
Under the yoke of fatal power
With an impatient soul
Let us heed the calling of the Fatherland.
We wait with languid hope
Holy moments of freedom
How a young lover waits
Minutes of a faithful date.
“A holy minute of freedom” - isn’t this worth living for?! Faith in future happiness
The last lines of this message permeate the peoples of Russia:
Comrade, believe: she will rise,
Star of captivating happiness.
Russia will wake up from its sleep,
And on the ruins of autocracy
They will write our names!
But the hymn to freedom heard here also affirms the need to devote
Fight yourself wholeheartedly, because only when all people realize this necessity will they be able to
They will eradicate the “wild lordship”, which “without feeling, without law, appropriated to itself
The labor, property, and time of the farmer are a forceful vine”:
While we are burning with freedom,
While hearts are alive for honor,
My friend, let's dedicate it to the fatherland
Beautiful impulses from the soul!
The bleak Russian reality found a worthy opponent in the person of Pushkin: in
In the poem “Village,” the poet uses an antithesis, with the help of which he contrasts the beauty of Russian nature with the harsh truth of life. This is what he achieves
Such a real image of “ignorance” that it becomes scary and bitter to see the ulcers on the body of the Motherland.
Just two lines:
Here young maidens bloom
For the whim of an insensitive villain,
They tell us about the desecrated honor of the people of the country, the country that the tsar called “the most
A civilized country in Europe.”
Evil tongues accused the poet of lack of patriotism. Yes, indeed, patriotism
The poet is not a praise of autocracy and royal family, not praising the foreign policy activities of tsarism, not admiration for “liberalism”
The bureaucratic apparatus of the state. He castigates and denounces all this (ode “Liberty”,
“Village”, “On Arakcheeva”). This is the patriotism that M. Yu. Lermontov will develop
In his works: “Farewell, unwashed Russia!”, “Motherland” and others.
A. S. Pushkin was never afraid to express such thoughts that made the tsar and his
The dignitaries “got goosebumps crawling all over their bodies”:
We will amuse good citizens
And at the pillar of shame
Guts of the last priest
We will strangle the last king.
While in St. Petersburg, Pushkin replied: “With friends,” that is, with the Decembrists, to
Senate Square.
Service to the Fatherland - this torch was carried by the poet throughout his life, the era of massive reaction,
Following the defeat of the uprising of 1825. He finds the strength to say:
“I sing the same hymns...” In the message “To Siberia” the poet writes about a noble career
Your comrades:
Deep in Siberian ores
Keep your proud patience,
Your sorrowful work will not be wasted
And I think about high aspiration.
The poet believes that his loneliness will not last forever, justice will prevail, and he will again
Will see his friends in freedom:
The heavy shackles will fall,
The dungeons will collapse and there will be freedom
You will be greeted joyfully at the entrance,
And the brothers will give you the sword.
In 1837, the snowball that formed from the conspiracies and gossip of secular society finally broke loose... And the poet could not stand it, just as a mighty oak tree cannot stand it, the roots of which were being surreptitiously undermined by “rats.” The poet died, but they could not forget his song, for people had already “seen his wings,” for poets disappear, but what is written remains.
This song then sounded louder and louder, absorbing, as if into a single symphony, the music of M. Yu. Lermontov and N. A. Dobrolyubov, N. A. Nekrasov and N. G. Chernyshevsky, into the symphony of freedom of all Russian literature.
We hear this song now, the descendants of fighters for the people's good, we, brought up by the poetry of Pushkin, who carries within himself boundless love for the Motherland, carries within himself the power that makes us purer, more beautiful, making us spiritually richer.
“My friend, let us dedicate our souls to the Fatherland with wonderful impulses!” Analysis of the poem “to Chaadaev”.
The theme of freedom continues in other poems of the poet, but the most striking and significant of the youthful freedom-loving works is “To Chaadaev” (1818).
Pyotr Yakovlevich Chaadaev is one of the brightest and most remarkable personalities of Pushkin’s era.
Pushkin and Chaadaev met in 1816 in the Karamzin house. Chaadaev is 22 years old, he is a cornet of the Life Guards Hussar Regiment, covered in the glory of the battles of the War of 1812, who reached Paris with the Russian army. Pushkin is a lyceum student, he is 17 years old. They quickly became close and, despite the age difference, became friends, and then friends. Pushkin admired Chaadaev, absorbed his freedom-loving speeches like a sponge, and drew his friend in the margins of his manuscripts.
This is the kind of person one of Pushkin’s best poems is addressed to.
Let's read it.
What does it sound like? What intonations predominate in it?
The poem sounds upbeat, solemn, it inspires to fight for the happiness of the Fatherland, calls to serve it. It is this high call that is the leading intonation of the work.
In what ways is the poem “To Chaadaev” consonant with the ode “Liberty”? What images of him resonate with her?
Both “To Chaadaev” and “Liberty” are devoted to the same theme, and in both works there is a passionate call to the fight for freedom:
"Tyrants of the world! Tremble! / And you, take heart and listen, / Arise, fallen slaves.”
“While we are burning with freedom, / While our hearts are alive for honor, / My friend, we will dedicate our souls to the Fatherland’s beautiful impulses!”
Many of the images in them have something in common: “an autocratic villain” - “the wreckage of autocracy”, “Holy liberty”, -unjust power” - “under the yoke of fatal power.”
Which of these images, in your opinion, is the leading image in the poem “to Chaadaev”? This is “Holy Liberty”, which the Fatherland and the lyrical hero of the poem crave; he awaits it “with languid hope.”
How do you see this “Liberty”? Draw a verbal portrait of her.
Ninth graders often draw the image of a young girl in a white dress standing on top of some cliff or cliff. The wind blows her loose hair and flutters her dress. Clouds are rushing over the girl’s head, illuminated by the rays of the sun, and at the foot of the cliff the sea is raging...
What do you think in Pushkin’s poem suggested the image of a girl to you?
Yes, the very feeling of the poet, who is impatiently waiting for a meeting with “Holy Liberty,” “like a young lover awaits / The minutes of a faithful date.” He associates liberty with his beloved.
What does this comparison of the poet make you think about?
Liberty is desired for him just like his beloved: it evokes languor, trembling, hope in his heart...
How are the images of Liberty and the Fatherland connected in the poem?
The Fatherland calls for help (“Let us heed the call of the Fatherland”) because it suffers “under the yoke of fatal power,” it is waiting for liberation from it, waiting for “Holy Liberty.”
Freedom is what she needs, like air, like bread, like water... Think about the poet’s invoking words, full of youthful strength:
While we are burning with freedom,
While hearts are alive for honor,
My friend, let's dedicate it to the Fatherland
Beautiful impulses from the soul!
In what sense is the word “honor” used here?
Honor here is synonymous with conscience - an internal call to goodness, denial of evil, nobility. If “hearts are alive for honor,” it means that you will not remain indifferent to the fate of the Fatherland, which means you will join the battle for its freedom.
And thanks to the common efforts of the faithful sons of the Fatherland, the “star of captivating happiness” will certainly rise over Russia, that is, it will become free, only “debris” will remain from the autocracy, on which the names of those who
dedicated “the beautiful impulses of his soul” to the Fatherland.
Please note that this poem seems to be framed by the motif of a dream:
“youthful fun has disappeared, like a dream ...” and “Russia will awaken from sleep ...”,
What is the meaning of this motif at the beginning of the poem and what is it at the end?
At the beginning, the dream is an illusion associated with the hope for change, which ardent young hearts await “with languid hope.” In the end, the dream is associated with the centuries-old torpor of Russia in the shackles of slavery - serfdom, and it is from this torpor that the country must rise. The illusion of “quiet glory”, a peaceful appeal to justice dissipates, “like a dream, like morning fog”, the “calling of the Fatherland” becomes more audible.
It is those who hear this “calling” who are able to destroy Russia’s centuries-old sleep and return it to a free, full life.
Consider G. Klodt’s illustration for Pushkin’s poem “To Chaadaev.” What does it remind you of?(Emblem, coat of arms.)
PHOTO
Decipher the symbols of this emblem: the torch is a symbol of freedom burning in the chest of the lyrical hero, the chains are a symbol of slavery, the scrolls symbolize the poetic word, a call to action and at the same time their outlines resemble a lyre.
Why do you think the artist chose this style?
The poem itself is in many ways akin to the emblem of freedom fighters, this is evidenced by the images-symbols, images-emblems that we find in the work.
In the coat of arms and emblem, all symbols have their own meaning, carry a certain idea, they themselves unfold only when you look at them; Likewise, in Pushkin’s poem, images - symbols do not require explanation; they themselves lead both the visual and semantic series, suggesting thoughts, actions, deeds.
That is why this poem was so loved by the future Decembrists, and that is why copies of it were found on almost all those arrested in connection with the uprising.
ANOTHER ANALYSIS
This poem is one of the most famous
political works of Alexander Sergeevich
Pushkin. It is written in the genre of a friendly message -
nia. In the 19th century it was a common literary
tour genre, which Pushkin often turned to
co. A friendly message implies the utmost
sincerity, but this does not mean at all that poetry
the creation was created only for the named person - it
addressed to a wide range of readers.
It is known that Pushkin did not plan to publish
message “To Chaadaev”. However, the poem
recorded from the words of the poet during reading in a narrow
circle of friends, began to be passed from hand to hand
and soon became widely known, although omitted
it was highlighted only in 1829. Thanks to
the author gained the reputation of a freethinker, and
the poem is still called literary
anthem of the Decembrists.
The poem is addressed to one of the remarkable
neyshik people of his time and a close friend
Pushkin - Pyotr Yakovlevich Chaadaev. At 16 years old
Chaadaev joined the Semenovsky Guards Regiment, with
which he traveled from Borodino to Paris. In 1818
the year when the poem was written, he served
in the Life Guards Hussar Regiment, later became famous
great philosopher and publicist. It was for Pushkin
an example of commitment to liberation ideas
(in 1821 Chaadaev became a member of the secret Decembrist
social society "Union of Prosperity").
in the first lines of the message “To Chaadaev” contains
there is a hint of the carefree youth of two young
of people. Peaceful pleasures and fun, hopes
Fortunately, dreams of literary fame bound the friends together:
Love, hope, quiet glory
Deception did not last long for us,
The youthful fun has disappeared
Like a dream, like morning fog...
The epithet quiet (glory) indicates that
friends dreamed of quiet, peaceful happiness. Talking about
that “young fun” has disappeared, Pushkin cites
a capacious and vivid comparison: “like a dream, like a morning
fog". And in fact, neither from sleep nor from morning
there is nothing left of the fog.
There is obvious disappointment in these lines
reign of Alexander 1. It is known that the first
the steps of the young emperor inspired his subjects
hope that his reign will be liberal
(Alexander 1 even discussed with his closest friends -
our plans for transforming Russia into a constitutional
monarchy), but this hope was not justified.
In conditions of political oppression and lack of rights, the “quiet
glory" was simply impossible.
Then the poet says: “We are waiting for... a moment of freedom-
ity of the saint ", the epithet of the saint testifies
about the high understanding of “liberty”. Comparison:
“How a young lover waits / For faithful minutes
dates,” emphasizes the poet’s passionate desire
wait for “holy freedom” And even confidence in
making this happen (sure date).
The poem contrasts two images:
“fatal power” and “fatherland”:
Under the yoke of fatal power
With an impatient soul
Let us heed the calling of the Fatherland.
The epithet fatal gains more power
(power) - cruel, inhuman. And the poet's homeland
calls her father; choosing from a range of synonyms
the most intimate and soulful meaning.
It is important to note that the poet speaks not only about his
feelings - it expresses the thoughts and desires of many
their like-minded people: “But there’s still something burning inside us -
Lanier"; “We wait with languid hope,”
What does the “star of captivating happiness” mean?
which one should rise? In political vocabulary
of that era, the word “star” often symbolized
revolution, and the rising of a star - victory in liberation
body struggle. No wonder the Decembrists Kondraty
Ryleev and Alexander Bestuzhev named their al-
manah "North Star". Of course, Pushkin did not
accidentally chose this word in a message addressed to
to your friends.
Addressing the reader with a fiery appeal:
“My friend, let’s dedicate / Beautiful souls to the fatherland
impulses,” the poet expresses confidence that
“Russia will awaken from sleep, / And on the ruins of self-government -
stya / / They will write our names!”, The words “the wreckage of sa-
autocracy" means the coming fall of the autocracy
viya. The poet calls for selfless service
homeland, to the fight for freedom. For him, the concepts of “pa-
triotism" and "freedom" are inseparable from each other. But
Pushkin understands that he will voluntarily make concessions
the king will not agree. That is why in recent
the lines of the poem contain an open
a call to fight against autocracy. So open and bold
This was the first time such an idea had been proposed.
Message “To Chaadaev” by members of the “Union” society
prosperity" was perceived as a call to action.
Subsequently, when the Decembrist uprising suffered
was defeated, many representatives of the noble
Ryan families were exiled to Siberia. Pushkin
understood that he too could share their fate, because
it was his poem, his passionate appeal
inspired future Decembrists. That's why in
history, the name of Pushkin is inextricably linked with the de-
bristami.
The message “To Chaadaev” includes a whole
a number of words characteristic of political vocabulary
Pushkin era "fatherland", "freedom", "honor",
“power”, “autocracy”, the Poet uses words
high literary series: “let us listen”, “believe”
vanier", "will perk up", and this corresponds to the high
the pathos that permeates the entire work.
The poem is written in iambic tetrameter.
3 / 5. 2
Writing about Pushkin means writing about the whole of Russian literature.
V.G. Belinsky
Pushkin is one of the first Russian poets who began to think about the need not only for the formal liberation of the people, but also for their spiritual emancipation. We value Pushkin, playwright and prose writer, poet and simply “Russian tradesman.” His poems and poems, letters and dramas are a great and necessary textbook. But the subject to which it is devoted is not included in the matriculation certificate as such: it is too difficult for the school curriculum. It’s difficult because the Poet teaches how to be a Human, and this course is designed to last a lifetime.
The fate of people always worried Pushkin. At the center of the poet’s work is the life of his contemporaries, the suffering that befell those who selflessly fought for freedom. He knew how to help people find faith in the future at the most necessary moment. For Pushkin, the idea of freedom is inseparable from the Fatherland, from the idea of patriotism. He believes that this is precisely his gift as a poet and citizen to his Motherland. He writes about this in the poem “To Chaadaev” (1818), which turns from a friendly message into a political one:
While we are burning with freedom,
While hearts are alive for honor,
My friend, let's dedicate it to the fatherland
Beautiful impulses from the soul!
The poet shares his thoughts with a friend and like-minded person, a comrade in the struggle. He speaks of disappointment in the “quiet, peaceful” ideas of romanticism and the acquisition of a new ideal of “holy freedom”, which is sure to come. Pushkin says that youthful dreams and hopes did not come true, “youthful fun disappeared, like a dream, like morning fog.” But the desire for a new life did not die in the poet’s soul. He calls on Chaadaev not to lose heart, to devote “the beautiful impulses of his soul” to the Fatherland:
Comrade, believe: she will rise,
Star of captivating happiness,
Russia will wake up from its sleep,
And on the ruins of autocracy
They will write our names!
The poem "To Chaadaev" combines revolutionary spirit and fiery patriotism. It expresses an optimistic mood. Pushkin wants his life and his poems to benefit his homeland. He is ready to direct all his efforts to renew Russia. The poet is against tsarism, calling it “autocracy.” He is absolutely sure that the autocracy will fall, that justice will prevail.
In addition to general freedom-loving ideas, the ode “Liberty” also contained direct political allusions to events of the recent past. In the poem, the author expressed dissatisfaction with the Russian monarch of that time, Alexander I. Pushkin was not an opponent of the monarchy. He wanted a just, humane, wise ruler to sit on the throne. The poet is outraged by the monarch’s non-compliance with the law, he writes: “Lords! the Law gives you a crown and a throne - not nature...”. Monarchy is a legal power, but the monarch should not place himself above the law, he must strictly observe the law: “You stand above the people, but the eternal Law is above you.” Pushkin considers it unacceptable that the country is ruled by a person who does not obey the law. The young poet denounces the “tyrants of the world” who deprive the people of their right to freedom. He is confident that those who break the law will sooner or later be punished. Words:
Autocratic Villain!
I hate you, your throne,
Your death, the death of children
With cruel joy I see -
Not without reason, they treated Paul I and his immediate descendants, about whose death the poet speaks. The ode "Liberty" is an example of civil lyricism. The poet uses here the traditions of classicism, but develops them in a revolutionary-Decembrist direction.
In Pushkin's times, serfdom dominated the village. Pushkin often wrote about him in his poems. In 1819, he stayed at his parents’ estate, Mikhailovsky. The poet lived there for some time, became acquainted with village life, and encountered manifestations of serfdom. Under the impression of the trip, the poet wrote the poem "Village". Pushkin appears here as an irreconcilable opponent of serfdom, a “friend of freedom.” The poem begins with a picture of rural nature. The poet loves nature more than “feasts” and “fun”; the “peaceful sound of oak forests” and “the silence of fields” is dearer to him. But against the backdrop of nature, the poet sees social inequality, the division of people into “bars” and “slaves”. Pushkin sees that the law is being violated not only in St. Petersburg and Moscow, but throughout Russia: “Here the nobility is wild, without feeling, without law.” But, having expanded on the description of the beauties of rural nature and the pleasures of solitude in its bosom, the poet abruptly and unexpectedly refuses these pleasures:
But a terrible thought here darkens the soul:
Among flowering fields and mountains
A friend of humanity sadly remarks
Everywhere ignorance is a murderous shame.
Pushkin is outraged by the order established in the village. Valuing freedom most of all, the poet cannot come to terms with serfdom, which tramples the people’s rights to freedom. But in the last lines, Pushkin expresses the hope that the tsar will still heed the poet’s calls and return freedom to the “farmers.”
Reading Pushkin, reflecting on his creation, we become wiser, purer, brighter, kinder, and our soul is cleansed from the slave shackles of everyday life and gains wings. Pushkin was the first in Russian literature to elevate freedom to the rank of the only human need, perhaps the only one who dared to give his life to it, receiving practically nothing in return...
"While we are burning with freedom,
While hearts are alive for honor,
My friend, let's dedicate it to the fatherland
Beautiful impulses from the soul!
Comrade, believe: she will rise,
Star of captivating happiness,
Russia will wake up from its sleep,
And on the ruins of autocracy
They'll write our names!"
1818 A. S. Pushkin.
____________
We know that the time will come
When there are no bloody battles
And our powerful Power
Wake up from a bad dream!
And to the desecrators of ideas
Everyone will be rewarded - without exception!
And How according to God command
Evil will disappear in the hearts of people.
While our pulse beats stubbornly
And faith warms in the hearts,
Like a bird in the white skies -
Freedom remains with us!
While the soul knows no darkness
She is like pure dew
What does the forests do in the summer heat?
Water, life-giving moisture.
While we are together - as one,
In a fit of good aspirations,
Leaving obsessions behind,
Let's create our own beautiful world!
Leaving the paths of delusion,
Let's open the gates of heaven!
And, lyres, a gentle string
Will touch the soul with awakening!
We know that she will rise -
"Star of captivating happiness!"
Russia will wake up from its sleep,"
Overcoming the fate of bad weather -
He will glorify his names!
Reviews
Checkmark, thank you very much for the poem “Star of Captivating Happiness”
I think that Russia will spread its wings and the people will live in abundance. God provides
water for both the righteous and non-believers and the sun shines for some and others
Turn your face to God. Tamara Turchinskaya
Thank you for appreciating my poem.
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Pyotr Yakovlevich Chaadaev (1794 - 1856)
“To Chaadaev” is one of Pushkin’s most striking political poems. The exact date of its writing is unknown. Experts date its appearance to 1818. This year was a period of political upsurge in Russia and the activation of social thought.
Full text “To Chaadaev” Pushkin A.S. see the end of the article
Alexander I himself was the troublemaker. In a dialogue with General Maison, he said that “... Finally, all peoples must free themselves from autocracy..." This open statement by the emperor excited the Russian community.
The prevailing mood was the imminent collapse of the autocracy. It is not clear how this should have happened - peacefully or through violent action? One thing was clear: society was unsettled, and everyone expected changes. Talk about the destruction of the autocracy after the statement of Emperor Alexander I became practically legal.
Pushkin wrote “To Chaadaev” under the influence of general sentiments. The poetic work clearly shows hatred of autocratic foundations. She was the core that united all progressive-minded people of that time.
Pyotr Yakovlevich Chaadaev, to whom the poem is addressed, was a friend of Alexander Sergeevich. They became close in Tsarskoe Selo. Later, when Pyotr Yakovlevich moved to St. Petersburg and became an adjutant to the commander of the Guards Corps Vasilchikov, their friendly relations continued. For the young poet, Chaadaev was an example of loyalty to progressive liberation ideas. Friends were in the grip of sentiments about the need for change, the liberation of Russia from the shackles of autocracy and the collapse of serfdom.
In the poem “To Chaadaev,” Pushkin, in his characteristic poetic form, sought to convince his comrade that their hopes would come true, and they would both take part in the overthrow of the autocracy.
But Pushkin’s associate was wary of imminent revolutionary events and did not believe in fast implementation their aspirations.
The message “To Chaadaev” is one of the best poems related to Pushkin’s freedom-loving lyrics.
To Chaadaev. Date of writing.
Date of writing the poem “To Chaadaev” by A.S. Pushkin unknown for certain. According to tradition, starting from the time of the first publications of this work, the verse dates back to 1818.
Literary experts attribute this creation of a political orientation to the period 1817-1820.
Historian and philologist Vladimir Vladimirovich Pugachev presented to the readers another date for writing this poem. He believed that the date of its writing was probably 1820. It was during this period that lively debates took place between Pushkin and Chaadaev about the revolution and the liquidation of tsarism.
According to the researcher, in the first lines of the poem “Love, Hope, Quiet Glory,” Pushkin abandons serene, quiet glory in favor of active revolutionary activity. In the poem, the poet calls on Chaadaev, a man who is negative and skeptical about violent revolution, to join the ranks of the noble revolutionaries.
To Chaadaev
Love, hope, quiet glory
Deception did not last long for us,
The youthful fun has disappeared
Like a dream, like morning fog;
But the desire still burns within us,
Under the yoke of fatal power
With an impatient soul
Let us heed the calling of the Fatherland.
We wait with languid hope
Holy moments of freedom
How a young lover waits
Minutes of a faithful date.
While we are burning with freedom,
While hearts are alive for honor,
My friend, let's dedicate it to the fatherland
Beautiful impulses from the soul!
Comrade, believe: she will rise,
Star of captivating happiness,
Russia will wake up from its sleep,
And on the ruins of autocracy
They will write our names!